Search

Your search keyword '"Kreft, Holger"' showing total 1,145 results
Start Over Author "Kreft, Holger"
1,145 results on '"Kreft, Holger"'

303. BotanizeR: A flexible R package with Shiny app to practice plant identification for online teaching and beyond.

Author

Weigelt, Patrick, Denelle, Pierre, Brambach, Fabian, and Kreft, Holger

Subjects
BIODIVERSITY, TAXONOMY, COVID-19 pandemic, MYCORRHIZAL fungi, PHOSPHORUS
Abstract

Societal Impact Statement Confronting the ongoing biodiversity crisis and our incomplete taxonomic knowledge on the world's plants requires well‐trained experts able to recognize and identify species. Although botanical training is an integral part of many university programs in biology, plant identification skills are becoming rare. The Covid‐19 pandemic has challenged plant identification classes as many courses rely on hands‐on practicing with plant material or guided excursions. Here, we present BotanizeR, a flexible online tool to make the wealth of digitally available but scattered information on plant characteristics accessible and allow users to practice plant identification. BotanizeR can assist in teaching plant knowledge in a playful way during times of online teaching and beyond and may help to increase the fascination of biology students and laypeople alike for plant diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

304. Putting vascular epiphytes on the traits map.

Author

Hietz, Peter, Wagner, Katrin, Nunes Ramos, Flavio, Cabral, Juliano Sarmento, Agudelo, Claudia, Benavides, Ana María, Cach‐Pérez, Manuel Jesús, Cardelús, Catherine L., Chilpa Galván, Nahlleli, Erickson Nascimento da Costa, Lucas, de Paula Oliveira, Rodolfo, Einzmann, Helena J. R., de Paiva Farias, Rafael, Guzmán Jacob, Valeria, Kattge, Jens, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Catherine, Kreft, Holger, Krömer, Thorsten, and Males, Jamie

Subjects
EPIPHYTES, BROMELIACEAE, PLANT size, FERNS, PLANT shoots, BIOLOGICAL fitness, VASCULAR plants
Abstract

Plant functional traits impact the fitness and environmental niche of plants. Major plant functional types have been characterized by their trait spectrum, and the environmental and phylogenetic imprints on traits have advanced several ecological fields. Yet, very few trait data on epiphytes, which represent almost 10% of vascular plants, are available.We collated 76,561 trait observations for 2,882 species of vascular epiphytes and compared these to non‐epiphytic herbs and trees to test hypotheses related to how the epiphytic habit affects traits, and if epiphytes occupy a distinct region in the global trait space. We also compared variation in traits among major groups of epiphytes, and investigated the coordination of traits in epiphytes, ground‐rooted herbs and trees.Epiphytes differ from ground‐rooted plants mainly in traits related to water relations. Unexpectedly, we did not find lower leaf nutrient concentrations, except for nitrogen. Mean photosynthetic rates are much lower than in ground‐rooted plants and lower than expected from the nitrogen concentrations. Trait syndromes clearly distinguish epiphytes from trees and from most non‐epiphytic herbs.Among the three largest epiphytic taxa, orchids differ from bromeliads and ferns mainly by having smaller and more numerous stomata, while ferns differ from bromeliads by having thinner leaves, higher nutrient concentrations, and lower water content and water use efficiency.Trait networks differ among epiphytes, herbs and trees. While all have central nodes represented by SLA and mass‐based photosynthesis, in epiphytes, traits related to plant water relations have stronger connections, and nutrients other than potassium have weaker connections to the remainder of the trait network. Whereas stem‐specific density reflects mechanical support related to plant size in herbs and trees, in epiphytes it mostly reflects water storage and scales with leaf water content.Synthesis. Our findings advance our understanding of epiphyte ecology, but we note that currently mainly leaf traits are available. Important gaps are root, shoot and whole plant, demographic and gas exchange traits. We suggest how future research might use available data and fill data gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

306. Whatʼs on the horizon for macroecology?

Author

Beck, Jan, Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana, Buchmann, Carsten M., Dengler, Jürgen, Fritz, Susanne A., Gruber, Bernd, Hof, Christian, Jansen, Florian, Knapp, Sonja, Kreft, Holger, Schneider, Anne-Kathrin, Winter, Marten, and Dormann, Carsten F.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

307. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATURALIZED FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA LARGELY REFLECT THE NON-RANDOM INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN SPECIES FOR CULTIVATION

Author

Omer, Ali, primary, Yang, Qaing, additional, Fristoe, Trevor, additional, Maurel, Noëlie, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Bleilevens, Jonas, additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Pysek, Petr, additional, and Kleunen, Mark van, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

309. Source pools and disharmony of the world's island floras

Author

König, Christian, primary, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Taylor, Amanda, additional, Stein, Anke, additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Pyšek, Petr, additional, van Kleunen, Mark, additional, Winter, Marten, additional, Chatelain, Cyrille, additional, Wieringa, Jan J., additional, Krestov, Pavel, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

310. Supplementary material 5 from: Schrader J, Moeljono S, Tambing J, Sattler C, Kreft H (2020) A new dataset on plant occurrences on small islands, including species abundances and functional traits across different spatial scales. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55275. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55275

Author

Schrader, Julian, primary, Moeljono, Soetjipto, additional, Tambing, Junus, additional, Sattler, Cornelia, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

311. Supplementary material 4 from: Schrader J, Moeljono S, Tambing J, Sattler C, Kreft H (2020) A new dataset on plant occurrences on small islands, including species abundances and functional traits across different spatial scales. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55275. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55275

Author

Schrader, Julian, primary, Moeljono, Soetjipto, additional, Tambing, Junus, additional, Sattler, Cornelia, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

312. Supplementary material 3 from: Schrader J, Moeljono S, Tambing J, Sattler C, Kreft H (2020) A new dataset on plant occurrences on small islands, including species abundances and functional traits across different spatial scales. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55275. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55275

Author

Schrader, Julian, primary, Moeljono, Soetjipto, additional, Tambing, Junus, additional, Sattler, Cornelia, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

314. Supplementary material 1 from: Schrader J, Moeljono S, Tambing J, Sattler C, Kreft H (2020) A new dataset on plant occurrences on small islands, including species abundances and functional traits across different spatial scales. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55275. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55275

Author

Schrader, Julian, primary, Moeljono, Soetjipto, additional, Tambing, Junus, additional, Sattler, Cornelia, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

315. Latitudinal patterns of alien plant invasions

Author

Guo, Qinfeng, primary, Cade, Brian S., additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, van Kleunen, Mark, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Winter, Marten, additional, and Pyšek, Petr, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

318. Supplementary material 2 from: Schrader J, Moeljono S, Tambing J, Sattler C, Kreft H (2020) A new dataset on plant occurrences on small islands, including species abundances and functional traits across different spatial scales. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55275. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55275

Author

Schrader, Julian, primary, Moeljono, Soetjipto, additional, Tambing, Junus, additional, Sattler, Cornelia, additional, and Kreft, Holger, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

319. Snapshot isolation and isolation history challenge the analogy between mountains and islands used to understand endemism

Author

Flantua, Suzette G. A., primary, Payne, Davnah, additional, Borregaard, Michael K., additional, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, additional, Steinbauer, Manuel J., additional, Dullinger, Stefan, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Irl, Severin D. H., additional, Kienle, David, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Lenzner, Bernd, additional, Norder, Sietze J., additional, Rijsdijk, Kenneth F., additional, Rumpf, Sabine B., additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, and Field, Richard, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

320. Author Correction: Heterogeneity–diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests

Author

Heidrich, Lea, primary, Bae, Soyeon, additional, Levick, Shaun, additional, Seibold, Sebastian, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang, additional, Krzystek, Peter, additional, Magdon, Paul, additional, Nauss, Thomas, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Serebryanyk, Alla, additional, Wöllauer, Stephan, additional, Ammer, Christian, additional, Bässler, Claus, additional, Doerfler, Inken, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hothorn, Torsten, additional, Jung, Kirsten, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, additional, Simons, Nadja, additional, Thorn, Simon, additional, and Müller, Jörg, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

322. Heterogeneity–diversity relationships differ between and within trophic levels in temperate forests

Author

Heidrich, Lea, primary, Bae, Soyeon, additional, Levick, Shaun, additional, Seibold, Sebastian, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang, additional, Krzystek, Peter, additional, Magdon, Paul, additional, Nauss, Thomas, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Serebryanyk, Alla, additional, Wöllauer, Stephan, additional, Ammer, Christian, additional, Bässler, Claus, additional, Doerfler, Inken, additional, Fischer, Markus, additional, Gossner, Martin M., additional, Heurich, Marco, additional, Hothorn, Torsten, additional, Jung, Kirsten, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, additional, Simons, Nadja, additional, Thorn, Simon, additional, and Müller, Jörg, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

323. Economic use of plants is key to their naturalization success

Author

van Kleunen, Mark, primary, Xu, Xinyi, additional, Yang, Qiang, additional, Maurel, Noëlie, additional, Zhang, Zhijie, additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Pyšek, Petr, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Moser, Dietmar, additional, Lenzner, Bernd, additional, and Fristoe, Trevor S., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

328. Ground Spider Communities Under Tropical Land‐Use Change

Author

Potapov, Anton M., primary, Dupérré, Nadine, additional, Jochum, Malte, additional, Dreczko, Kerstin, additional, Klarner, Bernhard, additional, Barnes, Andrew D., additional, Krashevska, Valentyna, additional, Rembold, Katja, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Widyastuti, Rahayu, additional, Harms, Danilo, additional, and Scheu, Stefan, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

329. Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes

Author

Grass, Ingo, primary, Kubitza, Christoph, additional, Krishna, Vijesh V., additional, Corre, Marife D., additional, Mußhoff, Oliver, additional, Pütz, Peter, additional, Drescher, Jochen, additional, Rembold, Katja, additional, Ariyanti, Eka Sulpin, additional, Barnes, Andrew D., additional, Brinkmann, Nicole, additional, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Brümmer, Bernhard, additional, Buchori, Damayanti, additional, Daniel, Rolf, additional, Darras, Kevin F. A., additional, Faust, Heiko, additional, Fehrmann, Lutz, additional, Hein, Jonas, additional, Hennings, Nina, additional, Hidayat, Purnama, additional, Hölscher, Dirk, additional, Jochum, Malte, additional, Knohl, Alexander, additional, Kotowska, Martyna M., additional, Krashevska, Valentyna, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Leuschner, Christoph, additional, Lobite, Neil Jun S., additional, Panjaitan, Rawati, additional, Polle, Andrea, additional, Potapov, Anton M., additional, Purnama, Edwine, additional, Qaim, Matin, additional, Röll, Alexander, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, Schneider, Dominik, additional, Tjoa, Aiyen, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Veldkamp, Edzo, additional, and Wollni, Meike, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

331. Functional losses in ground spider communities due to habitat structure degradation under tropical land‐use change

Author

Potapov, Anton M., primary, Dupérré, Nadine, additional, Jochum, Malte, additional, Dreczko, Kerstin, additional, Klarner, Bernhard, additional, Barnes, Andrew D., additional, Krashevska, Valentyna, additional, Rembold, Katja, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Widyastuti, Rahayu, additional, Harms, Danilo, additional, and Scheu, Stefan, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

332. Global fern and lycophyte richness explained: How regional and local factors shape plot richness

Author

Weigand, Anna, primary, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, additional, Aubin, Isabelle, additional, Bita‐Nicolae, Claudia, additional, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, I. Carvajal‐Hernández, Cesar, additional, Cicuzza, Daniele, additional, Nascimento da Costa, Lucas Erickson, additional, Csiky, János, additional, Dengler, Jürgen, additional, Gasper, André Luís de, additional, Guerin, Greg R., additional, Haider, Sylvia, additional, Hernández‐Rojas, Adriana, additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Reyes‐Chávez, Johan, additional, Karger, Dirk N., additional, Khine, Phyo Kay, additional, Kluge, Jürgen, additional, Krömer, Thorsten, additional, Lehnert, Marcus, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Moulatlet, Gabriel M., additional, Aros-Mualin, Daniela, additional, Noben, Sarah, additional, Olivares, Ingrid, additional, G. Quintanilla, Luis, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Salazar, Laura, additional, Silva‐Mijangos, Libertad, additional, Tuomisto, Hanna, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Zuquim, Gabriela, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, and Kessler, Michael, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

335. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges

Author

van der Sande, Masha T., primary, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Dengler, Jürgen, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Field, Richard, additional, Haider, Sylvia, additional, van Kleunen, Mark, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Pagel, Joern, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, Purschke, Oliver, additional, Pyšek, Petr, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Winter, Marten, additional, Attorre, Fabio, additional, Aubin, Isabelle, additional, Bergmeier, Erwin, additional, Chytrý, Milan, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, De Sanctis, Michele, additional, Fagundez, Jaime, additional, Golub, Valentin, additional, Guerin, Greg R., additional, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Jansen, Florian, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Kearsley, Elizabeth, additional, Klotz, Stefan, additional, Kramer, Koen, additional, Moretti, Marco, additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Peet, Robert K., additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Petřík, Petr, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Sandel, Brody, additional, Schmidt, Marco, additional, Sibikova, Maria, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., additional, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, additional, and Knight, Tiffany M., additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

337. Reducing Fertilizer and Avoiding Herbicides in Oil Palm Plantations—Ecological and Economic Valuations

Author

Darras, Kevin F. A., primary, Corre, Marife D., additional, Formaglio, Greta, additional, Tjoa, Aiyen, additional, Potapov, Anton, additional, Brambach, Fabian, additional, Sibhatu, Kibrom T., additional, Grass, Ingo, additional, Rubiano, Andres Angulo, additional, Buchori, Damayanti, additional, Drescher, Jochen, additional, Fardiansah, Riko, additional, Hölscher, Dirk, additional, Irawan, Bambang, additional, Kneib, Thomas, additional, Krashevska, Valentyna, additional, Krause, Alena, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Li, Kevin, additional, Maraun, Mark, additional, Polle, Andrea, additional, Ryadin, Aisjah R., additional, Rembold, Katja, additional, Stiegler, Christian, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, Tarigan, Suria, additional, Valdés-Uribe, Alejandra, additional, Yadi, Supri, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, and Veldkamp, Edzo, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

339. Facultative mycorrhizal associations promote plant naturalization worldwide

Author

Pyšek, Petr, primary, Guo, Wen‐Yong, additional, Štajerová, Kateřina, additional, Moora, Mari, additional, Bueno, C. Guillermo, additional, Dawson, Wayne, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Gerz, Maret, additional, Kreft, Holger, additional, Pergl, Jan, additional, van Kleunen, Mark, additional, Weigelt, Patrick, additional, Winter, Marten, additional, and Zobel, Martin, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

341. Vascular epiphytes contribute disproportionately to global centres of plant diversity.

Author

Taylor, Amanda, Zotz, Gerhard, Weigelt, Patrick, Cai, Lirong, Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, König, Christian, Kreft, Holger, and Onstein, Renske E.

Subjects
EPIPHYTES, NUMBERS of species, TROPICAL forests, PLANT diversity, SPECIES diversity, VASCULAR plants
Abstract

Aim: Vascular epiphytes are ubiquitous components of wet tropical forests where they contribute substantially to local and regional plant diversity. While some basic epiphyte distribution patterns are relatively well studied, little effort has been made to understand the drivers responsible for constraining their global distribution. This study quantifies the substantial contribution of epiphytes to global gradients and centres of vascular plant diversity and explores whether epiphytes vary from terrestrial plants in relation to contemporary and historical environmental variables. Location: Global. Time period: Present. Major taxa studied: Tracheophyta. Methods: Using a comprehensive epiphyte species list (EpiList 1.0), and distribution information for 27,850 epiphyte species derived from numerous literature sources, we describe the global biogeography of epiphytes. We use generalized linear mixed effects models to assess the relationship between epiphytic and terrestrial plant diversity, and contemporary and historical environmental predictors. Results: Epiphytes substantially contribute to global centres of vascular plant diversity, accounting for up to 39% of the vascular flora in Neotropical regions. Epiphytes decrease in species numbers with increasing latitude at a rate three times faster than terrestrial plants, a trend that is driven mainly by the distribution of tropical forests and precipitation. Further, large regional differences emerge that are explained by several large endemic angiosperm families (e.g., Neotropical Bromeliaceae) that are absent in other tropical regions. Main conclusions: Our results show that epiphytes are disproportionately diverse in most global centres of plant diversity and play an important role in driving the global latitudinal diversity gradient for plants. The distribution of precipitation and tropical forest area emerge as major drivers of the latitudinal diversity gradient in epiphyte species richness. Finally, our findings demonstrate how epiphyte floras in different biogeographical realms are composed of different families and higher taxa, revealing an important signature of historical biogeography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

342. Environmental and socioeconomic correlates of extinction risk in endemic species.

Author

Pouteau, Robin, Brunel, Caroline, Dawson, Wayne, Essl, Franz, Kreft, Holger, Lenzner, Bernd, Meyer, Carsten, Pergl, Jan, Pyšek, Petr, Seebens, Hanno, Weigelt, Patrick, Winter, Marten, van Kleunen, Mark, and Knop, Eva

Subjects
ENDANGERED species, BIOLOGICAL extinction, SPECIES, TIME pressure, TROPICAL plants, WOODY plants
Abstract

Aim: Our current understanding of the causes of global extinction risk is mostly informed by the expert knowledge‐based "threats classification scheme" of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Studies based on this dataset came to different conclusions about the relative importance of threats to species, depending on which taxonomic groups and levels of extinction risk were considered, and which version of the database was used. A key reason may lie in data limitations as causes of threat are well known for charismatic and well‐studied species, but not for the majority of species assessed. Here, we aim to fill current knowledge gaps about the importance of drivers of global extinction risks by focusing on endemic species. Location: Global. Methods: We examined country‐level variation in the proportion of globally threatened and extinct endemic species (Index of Threat, IoT) with a range of spatially explicit information about anthropogenic pressures, mitigation measures and data limitations. Results: IoT coincided with several anthropogenic pressures, with substantial differences among kingdoms, life‐forms, levels of extinction risk and geographic locations. IoT of plants, particularly tropical woody plants of moderate extinction risk, was higher in countries with higher GDP and more invasive species. Furthermore, IoT of animals, particularly tropical mammals and invertebrates of moderate extinction risk, was higher in countries with higher GDP and smaller roadless areas. Main conclusions: The extinction crisis for endemic species is associated with a complex network of potential drivers that need to be considered in concert in conservation policy and practice. Although our results require careful interpretation and remain sensitive to data limitations, we encourage similar studies at smaller scales to identify potential drivers of extinction risk at a higher resolution, particularly in regions where species assessments have been conducted consistently or on organisms with a uniform response time to pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

343. The global loss of floristic uniqueness.

Author

Yang, Qiang, Weigelt, Patrick, Fristoe, Trevor S., Zhang, Zhijie, Kreft, Holger, Stein, Anke, Seebens, Hanno, Dawson, Wayne, Essl, Franz, König, Christian, Lenzner, Bernd, Pergl, Jan, Pouteau, Robin, Pyšek, Petr, Winter, Marten, Ebel, Aleksandr L., Fuentes, Nicol, Giehl, Eduardo L. H., Kartesz, John, and Krestov, Pavel

Subjects
INTRODUCED plants, PLANT species, PLANTS, DATA analysis, GENETIC speciation
Abstract

Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans have altered biogeography by introducing species to new ranges. However, an analysis of how strongly naturalized plant species (i.e. alien plants that have established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such an analysis with data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions around the world. We find strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall, and that the natural decline in floristic similarity with increasing geographic distance is weakened by naturalized species. Floristic homogenization increases with climatic similarity, which emphasizes the importance of climate matching in plant naturalization. Moreover, floristic homogenization is greater between regions with current or past administrative relationships, indicating that being part of the same country as well as historical colonial ties facilitate floristic exchange, most likely due to more intensive trade and transport between such regions. Our findings show that naturalization of alien plants threatens taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally. Unless more effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it is likely that with ongoing globalization, even the most distant regions will lose their floristic uniqueness. Humans have altered plant biogeography by introducing species from one region to another, but an analysis of how naturalized plant species affect the uniqueness of regional floras around the world was missing. This study presents an analysis using data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions, finding strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

344. Why tree lines are lower on islands - Climatic and biogeographic effects hold the answer

Author

Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Kessler, Michael, Conrad, Olaf, Weigelt, Patrick, Kreft, Holger, König, Christian, Zimmermann, Niklaus E, University of Zurich, Grytnes, John-Arvid, and Karger, Dirk Nikolaus

Subjects
10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Global and Planetary Change, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Behavior and Systematics, Evolution, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, 580 Plants (Botany), 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, 2303 Ecology
Published
2019

345. Effects of forest‐use intensity on vascular epiphyte diversity along an elevational gradient

Author

Guzmán‐Jacob, Valeria, Zotz, Gerhard, Craven, Dylan, Taylor, Amanda, Krömer, Thorsten, Monge‐González, María Leticia, and Kreft, Holger

Subjects
human activities, epiphyte diversity
Abstract

Aim: Understanding patterns of tropical plant diversity and their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance at different spatial scales remains a great challenge in ecology and conservation. Here, we study how the effects of forest‐use intensity on vascular epiphyte diversity vary along a tropical elevational gradient. Location: 3,500‐m elevational gradient along the eastern slopes of Cofre de Perote, Mexico. Methods: We studied the effects of forest‐use intensity on alpha, beta and gamma diversity of vascular epiphyte assemblages in old‐growth, degraded and secondary forests at eight study sites at 500‐m intervals along the elevational gradient. At each elevation and in each of the three forest‐use intensity levels, we established five 400‐m2 plots yielding a total of 120 plots. Results: Interactive effects of elevation and forest‐use intensity strongly impacted local‐scale patterns of vascular epiphyte diversity. Species diversity peaked at 500 as well as 1,500 m above sea level, which deviates from the previously reported humpshaped pattern. In most cases, alpha diversity did not differ significantly among forest‐ use intensity levels. However, gamma diversity was always lower in secondary forests compared to old‐growth forests across the entire elevational gradient. Within each elevational belt, beta diversity was dominated by species turnover along the forest‐use intensity gradient in the lowlands and declined with increasing elevation, where community composition became increasingly nested. Along the elevational gradient, the spatial turnover of vascular epiphyte community composition was similar among forest‐use intensity levels. Main conclusions: Our results reveal a strong interaction between forest‐use intensity and elevation, making it difficult to extrapolate findings from one elevational belt to another. Our findings highlight the value of old‐growth forest for epiphyte diversity, but also show that degraded and secondary forests—depending on the elevational belt—may maintain a high species diversity and thus play an important role in conservation planning. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019

346. How a measure of tree structural complexity relates to architectural benefit‐to‐cost ratio, light availability, and growth of trees

Author

Seidel, Dominik, Annighöfer, Peter, Stiers, Melissa, Zemp, Clara Delphine, Burkardt, Katharina, Ehbrecht, Martin, Willim, Katharina, Kreft, Holger, Hölscher, Dirk, and Ammer, Christian

Subjects
plant architecture, productivity, Germany, Indonesia, box‐dimension, fractal analysis, light availability, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:Ecology, Original Research
Abstract

Aboveground tree architecture is neither fully deterministic nor random. It is likely the result of mechanisms that balance static requirements and light-capturing efficiency. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to investigate the relationship between tree architecture, here addressed using the box-dimension (D b), and the architectural benefit-to-cost ratio, the light availability, and the growth of trees. We detected a clear relationship between D b and the benefit-to-cost ratio for the tested three temperate forest tree species (Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Acer pseudoplatanus L.). In addition, we could also show that D b is positively related to the growth performance of several tropical tree species. Finally, we observed a negative relationship between the strength of competition enforced on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees and their D b. We therefore argue that D b is a meaningful and integrative measure that describes the structural complexity of the aboveground compartments of a plant as well as its relation to structural efficiency (benefit-to-cost ratio), productivity, and growing conditions (competition or availability of light). Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019

347. DNA barcoding of flowering plants in Sumatra, Indonesia

Author

Amandita, Fitri Y., Rembold, Katja, Vornam, Barbara, Rahayu, Sri, Siregar, Iskandar Z., Kreft, Holger, and Finkeldey, Reiner

Subjects
matK, rbcL, molecular identification, Sumatra, DNA marker, 580 Plants (Botany), EFForTS project, Original Research
Abstract

The rapid conversion of Southeast Asian lowland rainforests into monocultures calls for the development of rapid methods for species identification to support ecological research and sustainable land-use management. Here, we investigated the utilization of DNA barcodes for identifying flowering plants from Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 1,207 matK barcodes (441 species) and 2,376 rbcL barcodes (750 species) were successfully generated. The barcode effectiveness is assessed using four approaches: (a) comparison between morphological and molecular identification results, (b) best-close match analysis with TaxonDNA, (c) barcoding gap analysis, and (d) formation of monophyletic groups. Results show that rbcL has a much higher level of sequence recoverability than matK (95% and 66%). The comparison between morphological and molecular identifications revealed that matK and rbcL worked best assigning a plant specimen to the genus level. Estimates of identification success using best-close match analysis showed that >70% of the investigated species were correctly identified when using single barcode. The use of two-loci barcodes was able to increase the identification success up to 80%. The barcoding gap analysis revealed that neither matK nor rbcL succeeded to create a clear gap between the intraspecific and interspecific divergences. However, these two barcodes were able to discriminate at least 70% of the species from each other. Fifteen genera and twenty-one species were found to be nonmonophyletic with both markers. The two-loci barcodes were sufficient to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among the plant taxa in the study area that are congruent with the broadly accepted APG III phylogeny. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019

348. Drone-Based Assessment of Canopy Cover for Analyzing Tree Mortality in an Oil Palm Agroforest

Author

Khokthong, Watit, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Irawan, Bambang, Sundawati, Leti, Kreft, Holger, and Hölscher, Dirk

Subjects
agroforestry, photogrammetry, structure from motion, SfM, Sumatra, Indonesia, unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV
Abstract

Oil palm monocultures are highly productive, but there are widespread negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Some of these negative impacts might be mitigated by mixed-species tree interplanting to create agroforestry systems, but there is little experience with the performance of trees planted in oil palm plantations. We studied a biodiversity enrichment experiment in the lowlands of Sumatra that was established in a 6- to 12-year-old oil palm plantation by planting six tree species in different mixtures on 48 plots. Three years after tree planting, canopy cover was assessed by drone-based photogrammetry using the structure-from-motion technique. Drone-derived canopy cover estimates were highly correlated with traditional ground-based hemispherical photography along the equality line, indicating the usefulness and comparability of the approach. Canopy cover was further partitioned between oil palm and tree canopies. Thinning of oil palms before tree planting created a more open and heterogeneous canopy cover. Oil palm canopy cover was then extracted at the level of oil palms and individual trees and combined with ground-based mortality assessment for all 3,819 planted trees. For three tree species (Archidendron pauciflorum, Durio zibethinus, and Shorea leprosula), the probability of mortality during the year of the study was dependent on the amount of oil palm canopy cover. We regard the drone-based method for deriving and partitioning spatially explicit information as a promising way for many questions addressing canopy cover in ecological applications and the management of agroforestry systems. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019

350. Integration and synthesis of quantitative data: Alexander von Humboldt’s renewed relevance in modern biogeography and ecology

Author

Keppel, Gunnar, Keppel, Gunnar, Kreft, Holger, Keppel, Gunnar, Keppel, Gunnar, and Kreft, Holger

Abstract

The integration and synthesis of data from varied sources is becoming increasingly common in biogeography and ecology. Although analyses of large, global datasets from multiple, varied sources only became common recently, such studies trace their origin to the early 19th century. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was an eminent and much-celebrated scientist, who introduced the concept of collecting high-quality quantitative data across continents. More importantly, he championed inter-disciplinary research, data-driven studies, and global comparative syntheses. With these studies, he helped to lay the foundations for the fields of biogeography and ecology, and his ideas, concepts, and scientific approach remain at the forefront of exciting recent developments in both disciplines. Remembering Humboldt’s 250th birthday, we show how his scientific philosophy and visionary approach to multi-disciplinary data integration and synthesis have recently been revitalized due to increasing computing power and the numerous complex environmental challenges facing our planet.

Published
2019

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results