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Many researches on the fields of different applied mathematics and physics can be attributed to the boundary value problem with p-Laplacian. So the research on this issue has important theoretical significance and application value. In this paper, we consider the existence of triple positive solutions for third-order differential equation boundary value problems with p-Laplacian ... where φp(s) = |s|p-2 s, p > 1. By using Avery-peterson's fixed point theorem, under f satisfies certain growth conditions, we study the existence of at least three positive solutions for the above boundary value problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of human society has brought great pressure on land resources, while the reasonable land use pattern is the key to alleviate the pressure and realize the regional sustainable development strategy. This paper, based on the land demand of social, economic, and ecologically sustainable development, constructs a quantitative evaluation method of land pressure from three aspects of food production, economic development, and ecological protection. According to the survey data of the Shanghuang experimental area in different periods, this paper analyses the changes process of land pressure index and land use patterns in different periods, the results show the following: the land pressure index was 0.738 before comprehensive control of soil and water erosion, which is severe pressure level; the comprehensive pressure index of land fell to 0.247 in year 2000; the land pressure decreased significantly; the pressure level demonstrates a mild pressure rating; and, during the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, the land pressure index continued to decline, which reached 0.164 in year 2010. Land pressure was defined as land use pattern interactions throughout the whole study period, but the interactional features are significant differences in different periods. Before 1982, under the conditions of the traditional agriculture production pattern, due to the low levels of agricultural productivity and the rapid population growth, the land resource was facing tremendous pressure. The characteristics of land use pattern were that the productivity development level and the population growth were extremely imbalanced, the resources utilization and protection were in serious disorder, and the man-land relationship was opposite. During the periods of governance and returning farmland to forest and grassland, the land resource was facing greater pressure because of the situation of population growth. Under the interventions of technical factors and policy factors, the level of agricultural productivity increased greatly, so the land use pattern was changed from the extensive to the intensive management, the grain yield and economic income had great improvement, the ecological construction obtained great achievements, ecology and economics presented a harmonious development situation, the sustainable utilization level of land resource continuously improved. From the mutual relationship of land use pattern and land pressure, population growth is the primary source of land pressure, while the productivity level is the key to relieve the pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-stroke dysphagia is a common swallowing disorder that occurs after a stroke, leading to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. There is a pressing need for effective and safe interventions for its rehabilitation. This review aims to answer two key scientific questions: (1) What is the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the rehabilitation of post-stroke dysphagia? (2) Is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation a safe intervention for post-stroke dysphagia?A comprehensive search was conducted across four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. The search aimed to identify relevant studies concerning our topic of interest and was completed on 28 May 2024.In accordance with the PRISMA checklist, a comprehensive search of four databases was conducted, which identified 13 relevant systematic reviews. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews that evaluated the efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia. Exclusion criteria were reviews that did not focus on post-stroke dysphagia or did not evaluate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapeutic intervention. The quality, bias, reporting, and overall evidence quality of these reviews were assessed using validated tools, including the AMSTAR 2 tool for assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews, the ROBIS tool for assessing the risk of bias, and the GRADE approach for evaluating the overall quality of evidence. This rigorous approach ensures that our review provides a comprehensive and reliable overview of the current state of knowledge on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia.The sample sizes for the individual studies included in the systematic reviews/meta-analyses ranged from 66 to 555. The total number of participants across all studies included in the overall analyses was 752. The evidence was limited by the methodological flaws and heterogeneity of the systematic reviews. The quality of the evidence varied from high to low, with most outcomes having moderate quality. Future research should adopt more rigorous, standardized, and comprehensive designs to confirm the efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia. The main reason for downgrading the evidence quality was the small sample size and high heterogeneity of the primary studies.This overview synthesized research on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia, aiming to inform clinical and policy decisions. However, the current evidence does not conclusively establish the safety and efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation. The studies reviewed varied in quality, and many were of poor quality. Therefore, while some studies suggest potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, these findings should be interpreted with caution. There is a pressing need for more rigorous, high-quality research to validate the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and policy will be clearer once we have more robust, evidence-based recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA nuclear battery is a promising candidate for small power supply sources in the military and commercial fields, but its output power and energy conversion efficiency need to be improved. This paper mainly describes a design, preparation, and electrical performance analysis of a GaAs-based tritium battery. The design of the tritium battery uses a multistage process with Monte Carlo and Matlab simulations. A titanium tritide source was prepared by a high-temperature tritium absorption device, and a GaAs semiconductor transducer was developed using a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition method. The D/Ti ratio and T/Ti ratio of the deuterium/tritium titanium films were 1.9 and 1.7, respectively. Two kinds of GaAs-based PIN junction semiconductor transducers were proposed and irradiated with the prepared tritium source. Their electrical properties were measured in situ and analyzed qualitatively. Under the irradiation of a 0.61-Ci tritium source, the short-circuit current of the device was 0.3 to 0.38 μA, the open-circuit voltage was 35 to 63 mV, the peak power was 2.8 to 6.4 nW, and the energy conversion efficiency of the GaAs semiconductor transducer was about 1.86%. It was found that an air gap between the GaAs semiconductor transducer and the radioactive source caused serious loss of beta particle energy, resulting in low output power and low energy conversion efficiency of the nuclear battery. The open-circuit voltage of the devices with a SiO2 passivation layer on the surface decreased both in a dark environment and in light illumination, but SiO2 passivation did not reduce surface recombination as expected. The research work in this paper will provide some valuable reference for the preparation and performance optimization of nuclear batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the design of liquid–metal fusion blankets, Al2O3 ceramic is one of the most promising coating materials. In this study, functionally graded FeAl/Al2O3 coatings were deposited on China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel substrates with vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) method. The SEM investigation revealed that the adhesion between adjacent layers in the coatings was sound. X-ray diffraction showed that stable alpha alumina dominated in the top alumina layers, while γ-Al2O3 and β-Al2O3 were also detected. The coating/substrate adhesive tensile strength test showed that adhesive strength of graded coatings was about 2.5 times that of duplex FeAl/Al2O3 coatings. Thermal shock resistance test indicated that the graded coatings could tolerate more thermal shock cycles than duplex coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) refers to severe damage to the ischemic myocardium following the restoration of blood flow, and it is a major complication of reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Notably, drugs such as metoprolol have been utilized to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. Tanshinone IIA is a major constituent extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Recently, tanshinone IIA has been studied extensively in animal models for controlling MIRI. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on the application of tanshinone IIA in rat models with MIRI to evaluate the therapeutic effects of tanshinone IIA., Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, the Wanfang database, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database to gather studies on tanshinone IIA intervention in rat models with MIRI.We employed SYRCLE's risk of bias tool to assess study quality. The primary outcome indicators were superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Myocardial infarction area was a secondary outcome indicator. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD 42022344447)., Results: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 eligible studies were selected from 295 initially identified studies. In rat models with MIRI, tanshinone IIA significantly increased SOD levels while reducing MDA levels and myocardial infarction area. Moreover, the duration of myocardial ischemia influenced the effectiveness of tanshinone IIA. However, additional high-quality research studies are needed to establish the efficacy and definitive guidelines for the use of tanshinone IIA. Animal studies demonstrated that tanshinone IIA exerted a significant therapeutic effect when the ischemia duration was less than 40 minutes. Tanshinone IIA was found to be more effective when administered via intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intragastric routes at doses above 5 mg/kg. Additionally, treatment with tanshinone IIA at all stages-prior to myocardial ischemia, after ischemia but before reperfusion, prior to ischemia and after reperfusion, and after reperfusion-showed satisfactory results., Conclusions: Tanshinone IIA enhanced SOD activity and reduced MDA levels, thereby ameliorating oxidative stress damage during MIRI. Additionally, it reduced the myocardial infarction area, indicating its effectiveness in mitigating MIRI-induced damage in rats and demonstrating a myocardial protective effect. These findings contribute valuable insights for developing MIRI treatment strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Zhang et al.)

Introduction: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the repair of urethral injury, and stem cells and their secretomes can promote angiogenesis. We obtained pediatric urethral mesenchymal stem-like cells (PU-MSLCs) in an earlier study. This project studied the pro-angiogenic effect of PU-MSLC-derived small extracellular vesicles (PUMSLC-sEVs) and the underlying mechanisms., Materials and Methods: PUMSLCs and PUMSLC-sEVs were cultivated and identified. Then, biological methods such as the ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, scratch wound assay, Transwell assay, and tube formation assay were used to study the effect of PUMSLC-sEVs on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We explored whether the proangiogenic effect of PUMSLC-sEVs is related to CD73 and whether adenosine (ADO, a CD73 metabolite) promoted angiogenesis. GraphPad Prism 8 software was used for data analysis., Results: We observed that PUMSLC-sEVs significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube-forming abilities of HUVECs. PUMSLC-sEVs delivered CD73 molecules to HUVECs to promote angiogenesis. The angiogenic ability of HUVECs was enhanced after treatment with extracellular ADO produced by CD73, and PUMSLC-sEVs further promoted angiogenesis by activating Adenosine Receptor A2A (A2AR)., Conclusions: These observations suggest that PUMSLC-sEVs promote angiogenesis, possibly through activation of the CD73/ADO/A2AR signaling axis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) in normal kidney and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), also to evaluate the correlation between PGAM1 expression and clinicopathological features in CCRCC., Methods: PGAM1 expression was detected in 80 cases of normal kidney and 192 cases of CCRCC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Meanwhile, PGAM1 expression measured in 8 cases of CCRCC and matched normal kidney tissues by Western blot. Then, the correlation between PGAM1 expression and clinicalpathological features was analyzed in CCRCC., Results: IHC results exhibited that the high-expression rate of PGAM1 in CCRCC tissues was 45.8%, which was significantly higher than those in normal kidney tissues (32.5%, P=0.044). Meanwhile, PGAM1 expression in CCRCC was significantly greater compared with those in normal kidney by Western blot. Moreover, PGAM1 expression was significantly associated with age, tumor size and T stage in CCRCC., Conclusion: PGAM1 is highly expressed in CCRCC and correlated with clinicalpathological features, which may contribute to tumor formation and progression.