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Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are persistent pollutants and harmful to the atmosphere, environment, and human health. The catalytic elimination of CVOCs has become a hotspot of interest due to their self-toxicity, the secondary generation of chlorinated by-products, and the Cl poisoning of catalysts. The development of high-performance, highly selective, and anti-poisoning catalysts is a critical issue. Bimetallic catalysts exhibit an improved dechlorination performance, poisoning resistance, and product selectivity through the modulation of geometrical and electronic structures. The present review article gives a brief overview of the recent advancements in the preparation of bimetallic catalysts and their catalytic CVOC elimination activities. In addition, representative case studies are provided to investigate the physicochemical properties, CVOC conversion, COx and inorganic chlorine species selectivities, and by-product control so that the structure–performance relationships of bimetallic catalysts can be established. Furthermore, this review article provides a fundamental understanding of designing bimetallic catalysts with specific active components and the desired physicochemical properties for target reactions. In the end, related perspectives for future work are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the SL-Block system within an architecture framework by embracing building modularity, combinatorial design, topological interlocking, machine learning, and tactile sensor-based robotic assembly. The SL-Block, composed of S and L-shaped tetracubes, possesses a unique self-interlocking feature that allows for reversible joining and the creation of various 2D or 3D structures. In architecture modularity, the high degree of reconfigurability and adaptability of the SL-Block system introduces a new element of interest. Unlike modularization strategies that emphasize large-scale volumetric modules or standardized building components, using small-scale generic building blocks provides greater flexibility in maximizing design variations and reusability. Furthermore, the serial repetition and limited connectivity of building elements reduce the efforts required for bespoke manufacturing and automated assembly. In this article, we present our digital design and robotic assembly strategies for developing dry-jointed modular construction with SL-Blocks. Drawing on combinatorics and graph theory, we propose computational design methods that can automatically generate hierarchical SL-Block assemblies from given shapes. To address the physical complexities of contact-rich assembly tasks, we develop robotics using two distinct methods: pre-programmed assembly and sensor-based reinforcement learning. Through a series of demonstrators, we showcase the ability of SL-Blocks not only to reconfigure conventional building tectonics but also to create new building configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, particularly in catalysis. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of IMCs, including their synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and diverse catalytic applications. The review begins with an introduction to IMCs, highlighting their distinct features and advantages over traditional catalyst materials. It then delves into the synthesis techniques employed to prepare IMCs and explores their structural properties. Subsequently, catalytic applications of the IMCs are introduced, focusing on the key reactions and highlighting their superior catalytic performance compared to conventional catalysts. Future perspectives for, and challenges to, the catalysis of IMCs are then proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, C2ORF40 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene with multiple functions, including roles in cell proliferation, migration, and senescence. To explore the role of the C2ORF40 gene in different tumors, we used multiple databases for analysis. Compared to adjacent normal tissues, C2ORF40 is downregulated in a variety of malignant tumors, including tumors such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer. Notably, low expression of the gene is significantly associated with poor overall survival and relapse‐free survival rates. In specific cancers including colon cancer and prostate cancer, the expression of C2ORF40 is correlated with the infiltration of CAFs. C2ORF40 is also involved in biological processes such as cell apoptosis and regulation of protein stability. In conclusion, C2ORF40 can hold promise as a prognostic marker for pan‐cancer analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) increases risk of overt heart failure in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Racial and ethnic differences in DbCM remain unexplored. The authors sought to identify racial and ethnic differences among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, structural heart disease, and impaired exercise capacity. The ARISE-HF (Aldolase Reductase Inhibitor for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure) trial is assessing the efficacy of an aldose reductase inhibitor for exercise capacity preservation in 691 persons with DbCM. Baseline characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, and functional capacity were analyzed and stratified by race and ethnicity. The mean age of the study participants was 67.4 years; 50% were women. Black and Hispanic patients had lower use of diabetes mellitus treatments. Black patients had poorer baseline ventricular function and more impaired global longitudinal strain. Overall, health status was preserved, based on Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, but reduced exercise capacity was present as evidenced by reduced Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores. When stratified by race and ethnicity and compared with the entire cohort, Black patients had poorer health status, more reduced physical activity, and a greater impairment in exercise capacity during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, whereas Hispanic patients also displayed compromised cardiopulmonary exercise testing functional capacity. White patients demonstrated higher physical activity and functional capacity. Racial and ethnic differences exist in baseline characteristics of persons affected by DbCM, with Black and Hispanic study participants demonstrating higher risk features. These insights inform the need to address differences in the population with DbCM. (Safety and Efficacy of AT-001 in Patients With Diabetic Cardiomyopathy [ARISE-HF]; NCT04083339) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) from water splitting is a promising technology for clean and renewable energy production. Elemental crystalline red phosphorus (CRP) is purposefully designed and developed for PHE reaction. However, the photocatalytic activity of CRP is limited by its intrinsic P vacancy (VP) defects, which lead to detrimental charge trapping at deep states and hence its severe recombination. To address this issue, a boron (B) incorporated CRP (B‐CRP) photocatalyst is tailored, synthesized via a simple and mild boric acid‐assisted hydrothermal strategy. The incorporation of B effectively fills the VP defects, reducing deep trap states (DTS) and introducing beneficial shallow trap states (STS) within the band structure of CRP. This defect engineering approach leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity, with B‐CRP achieving a PHE rate of 1392 µmol g−1 h−1, significantly outperforming most reported elemental photocatalysts in the literature. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations and ultrafast spectroscopy support the constructive role of B‐dopant‐induced STS in prolonging active charge carrier lifetimes, promoting more efficient photocatalytic reactions. The findings not only demonstrate the effectiveness of B‐CRP as a photocatalyst but also highlight the usefulness of dopant‐induced STS in advancing PHE technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO (CO-SCR) has the capability to simultaneously eliminate CO and NOx from industrial flue gas and automobile exhaust, thus making it a promising denitrification method. The advancement of cost-effective and high-performing catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of this technology. Mn-based catalysts demonstrate enhanced catalytic efficiency under conditions of low temperature and low oxygen content when compared to other transition metal-based catalysts, indicating significant potential for practical applications. This review outlines the diverse Mn-based catalysts, including bulk or supported MnOx catalysts, bulk or supported Mn-based composite oxide catalysts, and the use of MnOx as dopants. Subsequently, the synthesis methods and catalytic mechanism employed by Mn-based catalysts are presented. The following section examines the impact of O2, H2O, and SO2 on the catalytic performance. Finally, the potential and implications of this reaction are deliberated. This work aims to offer theoretical guidance for the rational design of highly efficient Mn-based catalysts in the CO-SCR reaction for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]