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(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the demineralization around brackets bonded with different types of adhesive agents in a cariogenic suspension environment. (2) Methods: In the study, 60 extracted upper first premolar teeth were divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each group. In Group 1, Transbond XT Primer + Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), in Group 2, GC Ortho Connect Light Cure Adhesive (GC Crop, Tokyo, Japan) and in Group 3, Transbond™ Plus Self Etching Primer + Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) adhesive agents were used. In Group 1 and 2, buccal enamel surfaces were etched for 30 s, washed for 15 s and dried for 15 s. All groups were bonded with Gemini metal (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) brackets. Gingival, occlusal and proximal enamel surfaces of the brackets were measured with a DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Biberach, Germany), and demineralization values were recorded. Measurements were performed after bracketing (T0) and after 28 days in a cariogenic environment (T1), which was renewed every 48 h. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to determine whether or not the data were homogeneously distributed, the Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons within groups, and the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons between groups. (3) Results: In all groups, demineralization values on all enamel surfaces of the brackets were found to be statistically significantly higher in the T1 period than in the T0 period (p < 0.05). In the T1 period, demineralization values of occlusal enamel surfaces in Groups 1 and 2 were found to be significantly higher than in Group 3 (p < 0.05). The amount of increase in occlusal enamel surface demineralization value between T0 and T1 periods in Groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher than in Group 3 (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in demineralization values of proximal and gingival enamel surfaces between the groups in the T1 period (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusion: Significantly less occlusal enamel surface demineralization was observed in teeth in which the Transbond™ Plus Self Etching Primer adhesive agent was not applied with acid etching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal dinitrogen bonding in a wide series of terminal end‐on dinitrogen complexes is investigated with the charge displacement analysis based on natural orbitals of chemical valence (CD‐NOCV). The effect of the σ donation and π backdonation on the NN bond are discussed and compared with the observations for a series of carbonyl complexes, published in 2016 by Tarantelli et al. The σ donation is relative invariant over the series of dinitrogen complexes and has no significant effect on the NN bond strength, whereas the π backdonation causes a considerable elongation of the NN bond. Some uncommon examples of weakly bound dinitrogen with blue‐shifted stretching frequency compared to free N2 (ν = 2330 cm−1) are known. The dinitrogen bonding in these complexes is simulated with a point charge. Apparently, electrostatics account for the shortened N─N bond in these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface activated bonding (SAB) technique enables room temperature bonding of metals, such as Au, by forming metal bonds between clean and reactive surfaces. However, the re-adsorption on the activated surface deteriorates the bonding quality, which limits the applicability of SAB for actual packaging processes of electronics. In this study, we propose and demonstrate the prolongation of the surface activation effect for room temperature bonding of Au by utilizing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) protection. While the bonding without SAM fails after exposure of the activated Au surface to ambient air, the room temperature bonding is achieved using SAM protection even after 100 h exposure. The surface analysis reveals that the clean and activated Au surface is protected from re-adsorption by SAM. This technique will provide an approach of time-independent bonding of Au at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, coating of various metals on carbon nanotubes was carried out by magnetron sputtering and molecular dynamics simulation. Transmission electron microscopy and simulation studies reveal that three modes of metal nucleation on the carbon nanotube surface: particle growth, island growth and film growth. The nucleation mode was mainly affected by three factors: the initial energy of the metal before reaching the carbon nanotube surface, the energy required for carbon nanotube to bond with metal, and the diffusion energy of metal atoms on the carbon nanotube surface. Based on the analysis of the jump trajectory, potential energy and temperature change of metal atoms in molecular dynamics simulation, the method of improving deposition ratios by alloying and increasing deposition rate was proposed and verified by simulation and experiments. These results provided us a new way to regulate the interface structure and nucleation model of carbon nanotubes and metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe-Cu-Co prealloyed powder is used for bonding metal of diamond tools. In order to obtain diamond tools with good mechanical properties by pressureless sintering, it is necessary to add Cu-Sn sintering aids. The substrate also has high corrosion resistance requirements, which is conducive to the chemical erosion of diamond tools. This paper mainly studies the effects of Cu-Sn on the corrosion behavior of pressureless sintered Fe-Cu-Co substrate. The results show that the linear contraction rate and relative density of pressureless sintered Fe-Cu-Co alloy at 875 °C reach their peak when the Cu-Sn content is 8 wt.%, 15.13% and 97.5%, respectively. The substrate is mainly composed of α-Fe and Cu-rich phases, and selective corrosion occurs during electrochemical corrosion; namely, α-Fe grains are more prone to corrosion than Cu-rich grains to form porous corrosion surfaces. With the increase in Cu-Sn addition, the volume fraction of the Cu-rich phase increases, the corrosion current density and the passive current density gradually decrease, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved. The amount and integrity of anodic passive film on the Fe-Cu-Co surface increases with the increase in Cu-Sn addition. The oxygen content of the anodic passivation film is lower than that of the active corrosion products of the α-Fe phase, thus reducing the oxygen concentration gradient and slowing down the corrosion. The addition of Cu-Sn is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of Fe-Cu-Co alloy as the substrate of diamond tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building multiple chemical crosslinks is an effective strategy to improve mechanical properties and to diversify final application of polysaccharide nanoparticles reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) physical hydrogels. In this work, PVA/cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as composite substrate to fabricate ionic conductive hydrogels for strain sensor. Three types of characteristic crosslinks, including chemical crosslinking via boronic ester covalent bonds only, and with additional metal coordination bonding, as well as coexistence of physical crosslinks via PVA crystallites and aforementioned two kinds of chemical crosslinks, were constructed. The sample with triple crosslinks has superior mechanical strength and resistance to fatigue, and the polydopamine/Fe3+ ratio act as key to tune final performance because double-network structure prefers to form as Fe3+ is superfluous, while dual-crosslink one forms in the case of insufficient Fe3+. As-optimized ionic conductive hydrogel is suitable as strain sensor for probing human motions. This work provides an interesting insight into the network structure and property regulation for PVA/CNF composite hydrogels with multiple crosslinks. [Display omitted] • PVA/CNF ionic hydrogels with triple characteristic crosslinks are fabricated. • PDA Fe3+ coordination bonding reinforces the network formed via B O bonds. • Double networks form as Fe3+ is superfluous, otherwise dual crosslinks occur. • Optimized ionic hydrogel can be used as strain sensor detecting human motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding high‐performance, low‐cost, efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) is essential for sustainable energy conversion systems. Herein, highly efficient and durable iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co)‐supported nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co‐doped three‐dimensional carbon nanofibers (FeCo−N, S@CNFs) were synthesized via electrospinning followed by carbonization. The as‐prepared FeCo−N,S@CNFs served as efficient ORR catalysts in alkaline 0.1 m KOH solutions that were N2 and O2‐saturated. The experimental results revealed that FeCo−N,S@CNFs were highly active ORR catalysts with defect‐rich active pyridinic N and pyrrolic N and metal bonds to N and S atom sites, which enhanced the ORR activity. FeCo−N,S@CNFs exhibited a high onset potential (Eonset=0.89 V) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.85 V), similar to the electrocatalytic activity of commercial Pt/C. Additionally, the durability of the as‐prepared FeCo−N,S@CNFs catalysts was maintained for 14 h with long‐term stability and high tolerance to methanol stability, accounting for their excellent catalytic ability. Furthermore, Co−N@CNFs, Fe−N@CNFs, and varying Fe and Co ratios were compared with those of FeCo−N,S@CNFs. Synergistic interactions between metals and heteroatoms were believed to play a significant role in enhancing the ORR activity. Owing to their excellent catalytic reduction ability, the as‐prepared FeCo−N,S@CNFs can be widely used in battery‐based systems and replace commercial Pt/C in fuel cell applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct functionalization of an inactivated C–H bond has become an attractive approach to evolve toward step-economy, atom-efficient and environmentally sustainable processes. In this regard, the design and preparation of highly active metal nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for C–H bond activation under mild reaction conditions still continue to be investigated. This review focuses on the functionalization of un-activated C(sp3)–H, C(sp2)–H and C(sp)–H bonds exploiting metal and metal oxide nanoparticles C–H activation for C–O and C–X (X = Halogen, B, P, S, Se) bond formation, resulting in more sustainable access to industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bond formation plays a major role in the production of metallic composites, e.g., in roll bonding, composite ring rolling, and the permanent closure of voids by metal forming at elevated temperatures. At the same time, the determination of the corresponding bonding strength is quite challenging due to various influencing factors. These factors include the impact of the surface roughness and the degree of oxidation. The transition, or rather the storage time between the surface pretreatments and testing, leads to deviations in the surface conditions between the experiment and the industrial process. To evaluate the effect of the sample storage time on the bond strength of aluminum and steel, bonding experiments are conducted with storage times ranging from several minutes to 9 weeks at room temperature. The results show a major reduction of the bond strength between different aluminum alloys with increasing storage time, while the steel bond strength is less affected. The reasons for this are differences in the oxidation behavior of aluminum, tempered steel, and stainless steel. Nevertheless, the results indicate the importance of the storage time at room temperature and bonding parameters at elevated temperatures on the bond strength between these metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the life of Mohammad Balouchi, a writer and educator. It explores his haunting nightmares, marital difficulties, experiences as a taxi driver, and the tragic story of his father. Balouchi's unique perspectives and personal journey offer a glimpse into the complexities of his life.

Full-dense B 4 C-based ceramics with excellent mechanical properties were fabricated using spark plasma sintering with Mg 2 Si as a sintering aid at a low temperature of 1675 °C while applying a uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. The effect of Mg 2 Si addition on the densification behaviours, mechanical properties and microstructure of as-sintered ceramics were investigated. Not only did the formation of ultra-fine grained SiC using the in-situ reaction effectively inhibit the growth of B 4 C grains, but it also contributed to the strength and toughness of the resultant ceramics. Additionally, microalloying Mg imparted more metal bonding characteristics to the B 4 C matrix, thereby improving their ductility. The results indicate that the composite containing 7 wt% Mg 2 Si had excellent mechanical properties, including a light weight of 2.54 g/cm3, Vickers hardness of 34.3 GPa, fracture toughness of 5.09 MPa m1/2 and flexural strength of 574 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, caffeic acid (CA) and Fe3+ were added to chitosan solution to prepare chitosan/caffeic acid/Fe3+ (CCAF) composite films. CA was used to introduce covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. Fe3+ was used to introduce metal coordination bonds which combined with hydrogen bond and covalent bonds to form a multi-crosslinked system to enhance the tensile strength (TS), improve the antioxidant properties and UV resistance performance. The results showed that the TS of chitosan/caffeic acid (CCA) film with the addition of 0.3 mmol CA was increased by 36.6 % compared with pure chitosan film. The TS of the CCAF film increased from 42.6 MPa to 73.9 MPa with an increase of 73.5 %. The free radical scavenging rate of CCA film and CCAF film, in comparison to pure chitosan film, were improved by 155.7 % and 148.24 %, respectively. The UV resistance property of the CCAF solution was tested at 365 nm and the results showed that the UV barrier rate reached 99.99 %. The water vapor transmission (WVT) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of CCAF film both showed a 25.71 % reduction compared to that of the chitosan film. Besides, the composite film also showed excellent antibacterial properties, which provided the possibility for more applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial microstructures produced between Cu and AlN using a Cu-rich Cu–P–Sn–Ni brazing filler metal as an Ag-free material and a Ti layer as an active metal have been examined. Cu was bonded onto AlN substrates in vacuum for 1 h at temperatures between 650 and 950 °C with 1- and 5-μm-thick Ti layers. In contrast to bonding with a 0.5-μm-thick Ti layer, four different phases containing Ti and O/N were identified during the development of the Cu/AlN interfacial reaction layer: an amorphous P–Ti–O phase, an amorphous Ti–O phase, a rock-salt titanium oxynitride TiOxNy and TiN. The increase in the N concentration in the Ti oxide phase was caused by AlN erosion of the Ti oxide phase in the solid phase promoting the growth of the TiOxNy phase when using the 1-μm-thick Ti film. In contrast to this, the remelting of the Cu phase at high temperature when in contact with AlN using the 5-μm-thick Ti foil promotes the substitution reaction between Ti and AlN, as in the active metal bonding method using Ag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green nanotechnology is critical in the development of novel and successful treatment techniques for wide range of diseases. Biological production of metal nanoparticles has traditionally been recognized as an effective replacement to current chemical methodologies. The green production of Magnesium doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mg-ZnO NPs) was produced using Coleus aromaticus leaves extract. The crystalline structure was observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern, with an approximate crystalline size of 30nm. The metal oxygen bonding in the prepared sample is clearly visible in the FTIR spectrum. The UV-Visible analysis confirms the SPR band at 371nm and the band gap energy is found to be 3.38 eV. The particle size analyzer (DLS) reveals the Mg-ZnO NPs size range between 40-60 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum represented emission peak in the visible region (627 nm). FESEM images portrayed hexagonal and spherical shaped Mg-ZnO NPs. The existence of Mg, Zn, and O revealed the formation of homogeneous Mg-ZnO NPs in the EDAX spectrum and tracing. The antimicrobial assay depicted good toxicity against bacterial and fungal strains. The antioxidant assay expressed potential free radical scavenging compared to the standard ascorbic acid. High anti-diabetic behavior was achieved in anti-diabetic α–glucosidase inhibition assay. Our results revealed that Mg-ZnO NPs produced from C. aromaticus leaf extract might be a safe and efficacious resource of UV protective, anti‒bacterial, and anti‒diabetic compounds. [Display omitted] • Mg doped ZnO NPs was green synthesized via C. aromaticus L. extract. • Hexagonal shape of NPs was observed from SEM. • High anti-diabetic behavior of Mg-ZnO NPs was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of the type of orthodontic brackets and adhesive systems on enamel discoloration. The baseline color of the buccal surfaces of 50 extracted human premolars was recorded using a spectrophotometer according to the CIE Lab system. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the bracket type and adhesive system used: Group A: metal brackets + a Three-step etch and rinse adhesive (E&R); Group B: metal brackets + a two-step self-adhesive adhesive (SE); Group C: ceramic brackets + (E&R); Group D: ceramic brackets + (SE); Group E: no bracket bonding, serving as a control. All teeth were thermocycled, the brackets were debonded, and the enamel surfaces were finished and polished. The tooth color was then re-assessed, and the change in color (∆E*) was calculated. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in favor of ceramic brackets (ΔE = 3.77 ± 3.60; p = 0.009) and (E&R) (ΔE= 3.52 ± 2.45; p = 0.008). A significant difference was found among the different groups, with group C having the least change in color (ΔE = 2.00 ± 0.89) and group B having the highest (ΔE = 8.42 ± 5.66). Both the type of orthodontic bracket and adhesive system influenced tooth color change. The teeth bonded with ceramic and E&R had the least effect on color changes, whereas teeth bonded with metal and SE showed the highest color changes after debonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel grafted zeolite/Fe 3 O 4 /chitosan (ZMC-MAH-TEPA) adsorbent was greenly synthesized and evaluated for the removal of Cr(VI) and Ag(I) in single and bi-component solutions. The characterization data of XRF, XRD, FT-IR, VSM, TGA, BET and SEM showed the successful fabrication of the adsorbent with abundant -NH 2 and -NH- as well as great recovery properties (11.70 emu/g). The effects of experimental parameters, including pH value, initial concentration, temperature, time, and coexisting ions on single and bi-component adsorption, were investigated. The results demonstrated that the adsorption capacities increased with the enhanced shaking time and concentration until equilibrium was reached. The optimum pH value was 3 for Cr(VI) adsorption and 5 for Ag(I) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Ag(I) ions, obtained by the Langmuir model, were 50.75 and 70.12 mg·g−1 in single metal solutions and 45.45 and 58.94 mg·g−1 in bi-component metal solutions (Cr(VI)/Ag(I) = 1:1), respectively. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) and Ag(I) was explained in terms of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between metal ions and -NH 2 and -NH- in ZMC-MAH-TEPA. Taken together, this study provides a clean approach to synthesizing chitosan-based adsorbents for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) and Ag(I) ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical development of the concept of electronegativity (EN) and its significance and prospects for physical and structural chemistry are discussed. The current cutting-edge results are reviewed: new methods of determining the ENs of atoms in solid metals and of bond polarities and effective atomic charges in molecules and crystals. The ENs of nanosized elements are calculated for the first time, enabling us to understand their unusual reactivity, particularly the fixation of N2 by nanodiamond. Bond polarities in fluorides are also determined for the first time, taking into account the peculiarities of the fluorine atom's electronic structure and its electron affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape-memory alloys are becoming ever wider applied in different industries, in particular in aerospace, medical, automotive sectors and in consumer electronics manufacturing. Application of these materials as hybrid structure elements is a promising direction when creating products with a unique set of properties: high mechanical values, superplasticity, damping ability, higher wear resistance and thermomechanical memory. Production of nitinol permanent joints by welding leads to formation brittle phases of Ti2Ni type, which degrade the product quality. This review discusses the possibility of producing high-strength permanent joints of nitinol with nitinol and with other alloys by brazing. The main advantage, compared to other methods, is the fact that base metals do not melt, and some structural transformations can be avoided. At nitinol brazing in ambient air, brazing filler metals of Ag–Cu–Zn-Sn–Ni system haven proven themselves well, using 25AgCl–25KF–50LiCI flux. We should specially mention application of silver brazing filler metals and interlayers from pure metals, for instance, niobium, providing a strong metallurgical bond with the base metal. At brazing temperature of 1180 °С an alloy based on quasibinary NiTi–Nb eutectic system is formed, ensuring the reliability of brazed elements when creating prototypes of superplastic honeycomb shapes from titanium nickelide. 32 Ref., 4 Tabl., 8 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new mononuclear 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide complexes [Cu(4-PTSC)(PPh3)2] Br (1) and [AgBr(4-PTSC)(PPh3)2]•0.18H2O (2) [where PPh3 = triphenylphosphane and 4-PTSC = 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide] were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the complexes, the 4-PTSC ligand acts in a monodentate fashion through the sulfur donor site to Ag(I) ion (in 2) or exhibits bidentate chelating coordination via the sulfur and the nitrogen being both bound to the Cu(I) ion (in 1). The structures exhibit distorted tetrahedral coordination around the metal ions. In the crystal of complex salt 1, the Br anions are not bonded to the metal and are linked the complex molecules via N--H...Br hydrogen bonds to form salt pair dimers (graph set motifs R¹2 (6) and D¹1 (2) combining to larger R²4 (10) and R²4 (14) motifs). In complex 2, where the bromide ion is bonded to the metal, intramolecular N--H...Br and N--H...N hydrogen bonds are observed (graph set motifs S¹1 (6) and S¹1 (5), respectively). The complex molecules of 2 are linked to form dimers via bifurcated N--H...Br hydrogen bonds involving the amine and bromide groups (graph set motif R44 (14)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supramolecular adduct [[Li(H2O)2]2((H2O)2@C36H36N24O12)](NO3)2·6H2O is prepared by heating an aqueous solution containing lithium nitrate and cucurbit[6]uril. According to single crystal XRD data, metal is bonded with the macrocycle in the complex via the bidentate coordination of oxygen atoms of cucurbit[6]uril portals to lithium(I) cations, which results in the formation of a molecular complex. In the crystal, [[Li(H2O)2]2(C36H36N24O12)]2+ cations are linked with each other by a system of hydrogen bonds into supramolecular chains. The compound is characterized by a set of physicochemical methods: IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis; luminescence spectra are also measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde oxime was oxidized by AgO (or Ag2O), in presence of N‐methyl morpholine N‐oxide (NMMO), to the title spiro adduct‐dimer (±)‐Spiro{naphthalene‐1(2H),4′‐(naphtho[2′,1′:2,3]pyrano[4,5‐c]furazan)}‐2‐one‐11′‐oxide by a Diels‐Alder(D−A) type self‐cycloaddition, through the agency of an o‐naphthoquinone nitrosomethide (o‐NQM). Moreover, 2‐hydroxy‐8‐methoxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde oxime was prepared and subjected to the same oxidation conditions. Its sterically guided result, 9‐methoxynaphtho[1,2‐d]isoxazole, was isolated, instead of the expected spiro adduct. The peri intramolecular H bonding in the oxime is considered to have a key contribution to the outcome. Geometry and energy features of the oxidant‐ and stereo‐guided selectivity of both oxidation outcomes have been explored by DFT, perturbation theory and coupled cluster calculations. The reaction free energy of the D−A intermolecular cycloaddition is calculated at −82.0 kcal/mol, indicating its predominance over the intramolecular cyclization of ca. −37.6 kcal/mol. The cycloaddition is facilitated by NMMO through dipolar interactions and hydrogen bonding with both metal complexes and o‐NQM. The 8(peri)‐OMe substitution of the reactant oxime sterically impedes formation of the spiro adduct, instead it undergoes a more facile cyclodehydration to the isoxazole structure by ca. 4.9 kcal/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary contamination of microcystin disinfection by-products (MC-DBPs) is of concern due to the residual structure similar to their original toxin. Based on identification and preparation, the potential inhibition effect of typical MCLR-DBPs (associated with the oxidation of Adda5) on PP2A was confirmed in the sequence of MCLR > P1 > P4 > P3 ≈ P2 > P7 ≈ P6 ≈ P5 > P8. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition effect, the interaction models for typical MCLR-DBPs and PP2A were constructed using a modeling-based-on-ligand-similarity approach, and the candidate interaction parameters between typical MCLR-DBPs and PP2A were obtained by molecular docking. By analyzing the correlation between inhibition data and candidate interaction parameters, the key interaction parameters were filtered as hydrogen bonds "Adda5"←Asn117, "Adda5"←His118, MeAsp3←Arg89, Arg4←Arg214, Arg4→Pro213; ionic bonds Glu6-Arg89, Asp85-Mn12+, Asp57-Mn22+; and metal bonds Glu6-Mn12+, Glu6-Mn22+. With the gradual intensification of chlorination, Adda5 was destroyed to varying degrees. The key interactions changed correspondingly, resulting in the discrepant inhibition effects of typical MCLR-DBPs on PP2A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hardness of materials is a complicated physical quantity, and the hardness models that are widely used do not function well for transition metal light element (TMLE) compounds. The overestimation of actual hardness is a common phenomenon in hardness models. In this work, high-quality Mn3N2 bulk samples were synthesized under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) to investigate this issue. The hardness of Mn3N2 was found to be 9.9 GPa, which was higher than the hardness predicted using Guo's model of 7.01 GPa. Through the combination of the first-principle simulations and experimental analysis, it was found that the metal bonds, which are generally considered helpless to the hardness of crystals, are of importance when evaluating the hardness of TMLE compounds. Metal bonds were found to improve the hardness in TMLEs without strong covalent bonds. This work provides new considerations for the design and synthesis of high-hardness TMLE materials, which can be used to form wear-resistant coatings over the surfaces of typical alloy materials such as stainless steels. Moreover, our findings provide a basis for establishing a more comprehensive theoretical model of hardness in TMLEs, which will provide further insight to improve the hardness values of various alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we developed a simple one‐pot strategy to prepare the self‐healing and adhesion nanocomposite hydrogel without crosslinking agent. The metal coordination bond between carboxyl group and Al3+ and the electrostatic interaction between carboxylate cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and quaternary ammonium xylan (QAX) had a positive influence on the mechanical strength of nanocomposite hydrogel, in which the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break of composite hydrogel were 31.1 kPa and 2971%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited rapid self‐healing properties, and the healing efficiency reached 95% within 2 h. In addition, the nanocomposite hydrogel possessed adhesion and could adhere to different materials. The hydrogel can detect the changes of human skin during the movement due to its ionic conductivity properties caused by addition of Al3+. We expect that this strategy may enrich the applications of biomass hydrogels in the field of wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape-memory alloys are becoming ever wider applied in different industries, in particular in aerospace, medical, automotive sectors and in consumer electronics manufacturing. Application of these materials as hybrid structure elements is a promising direction when creating products with a unique set of properties: high mechanical values, superplasticity, damping ability, higher wear resistance and thermomechanical memory. Production of nitinol permanent joints by welding leads to formation brittle phases of Ti2Ni type, which degrade the product quality. This review discusses the possibility of producing high-strength permanent joints of nitinol with nitinol and with other alloys by brazing. The main advantage, compared to other methods, is the fact that base metals do not melt, and some structural transformations can be avoided. At nitinol brazing in ambient air, brazing filler metals of Ag–Cu–Zn-Sn–Ni system haven proven themselves well, using 25AgCl–25KF–50LiCI flux. We should specially mention application of silver brazing filler metals and interlayers from pure metals, for instance, niobium, providing a strong metallurgical bond with the base metal. At brazing temperature of 1180 °С an alloy based on quasibinary NiTi–Nb eutectic system is formed, ensuring the reliability of brazed elements when creating prototypes of superplastic honeycomb shapes from titanium nickelide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of carbon–carbon bonds with transition metal reagents serves as a cornerstone of organic synthesis. Here, we show that the reactivity of an otherwise kinetically inert transition metal complex can be induced by an external electric field to affect a coupling reaction. These results highlight the importance of electric field effects in reaction chemistry and offers a new strategy to modulate organometallic reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nitrosyl ligand is bonded to a central metal mainly via a mostly covalent normal bond and a coordinative metal‐to‐NO π‐backbond. A recent analysis had unravelled similar bonding characteristics of both linear and bent CoNO moieties in terms of ligand charge and antibond occupation. Thus, there should be no justification for the usual assignment of an NO+ ligand to a linear MNO unit and a singlet‐NO− ligand to a bent one. This claim seems to contradict that bending an MNO unit weakens the N−O bond with a marked red‐shift of the N−O stretch as one indicator. In this work, the failure of Dewar‐Chatt‐Duncanson‐derived conclusions is demonstrated for linear/bent isomer couples by the analysis of M−N and N−O bond strengths. Instead of DCD behavior, lateral electrostatic influence on NO and other diatomic ligands modulates the intraligand bond strength in a similar way as has been shown in former work for polar interaction of a charge with CO in the 'non‐classical' carbonyls. Methodologically, local‐mode analysis is used to determine bond strengths. Oxidation states are determined by the effective‐oxidation‐state (EOS) method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination of the B–H bond to a transition metal is fundamentally intriguing due to its connection with the transition metal-mediated B–H bond activation mechanism and catalysis. Most of the reported examples are σ-borane/borate complexes containing one or two σ-B–H bonds. However, examples of compounds containing three σ-B–H bonds are still much rarer. Herein, we report a facile approach for the synthesis of rare transition metal tris(σ-B–H) borate complexes by the salt elimination protocol using [Cp*RuCl]4 and lithium trihydroborates Li[ArBH3] containing 2,6-disubstituted aryl groups. These complexes have remarkable thermal stability in solution. In addition, this novel class of compounds has the unusual σ-complex that features three labile σ-B–H bonds. Our studies on these new species demonstrate that the coordination σ-B–H bond can undergo H/D exchange with D2 and ligand substitution reactions with PPh3, PCy3 and IPr2Me2. These results provide new approaches for the synthesis of both tris(σ-B–H) borates and bis(σ-B–H) borates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inseparable joints are widely used in machine and vehicle construction. Hybrid joints include bonding with sheet metal clinching. This combination reduces costs as well as the time of production compared to welded joints. Tests on the samples made of DC01 sheets were carried out. A case study was conducted on four research series. For each series, the shear forces of the joint were measured. The first series consisted of adhesive bonding, and the second and third series consisted of hybrid bonding, during which the sheet metal clinching joint was developed immediately after the completion of adhesive application and after full joint formation. The last test series only includes sheet metal clinching. In the series where bonding was used, the homogeneity of the prepared joints was analysed using the ultrasonic echo technique. The shear strength of the bonded joints was 476 N, whereas the shear strength of sheet metal clinching was 965 N. For the hybrid joint, the average forces were 1085 N (for the specimens in which the lap joint was made after the joint was fully cured) and 1486 N (for the specimens in which the lap joints were made immediately after the adhesive was applied). It was discovered that the clinching of the steel sheets significantly increases the strength of the joint. The stabilisation of the joint causes better crosslinking conditions. This results in an increase in the strength of the hybrid joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild steel continues to be the most extensively used construction material in several industries and constructions. However, corrosion of mild steel in aggressive environments is a major concern. Under the tremendously increasing demand for improving the coatings strategies because of the environmental concerns due to some of the traditional coatings, silane pre-treatments have been emerging as one of the effective solutions, among other strategies. Different approaches, such as adding particles of metal oxide (such as SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CeO2), incorporating plant extracts and impregnating 2D materials into the coatings, have been employed for durable corrosion resistance, including for mitigating enhanced corrosion due to the presence of bacteria. This review discusses the critical mechanistic features of silane coatings such as the role of hydrolysis and condensation in the bonding of silanes with metal surfaces. The factors that influence the performance of the silane coatings for corrosion resistance of mild steel are discussed. In particular, this review provides insight into silane coatings for mitigating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of mild steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the fracture properties of poly(acrylamide-co-1-vinylimidazole) dual crosslink hydrogels [P(AAm-co-VIm)-M2+ gels] containing a small fraction of covalent bonds and a majority of dynamic bonds based on metal coordination bonds (Ni2+ or Zn2+). Unlike a previous study on a different dual crosslink hydrogel system having slower dynamic bonds based on poly(vinylalcohol) and borate ions (PVA-Borax gels), the presence of these faster dynamic coordination bonds has two main effects: They significantly toughen the P(AAm-co-VIm)-M2+ gels even at high stretch rates, where the dynamic bonds should in principle behave as covalent bonds at the crack tip, and they toughen the gels at very low stretch rates, where the dynamic bonds are invisible during the loading stage. We propose two additional molecular mechanisms to rationalize this behavior of P(AAm-co-VIm)-M2+ gels: we hypothesize that fast exchanging dynamic bonds remain slow compared to the characteristic time of bond scission and are, therefore, able to share the load upon covalent bond scission even at low loading rates. We also argue of the existence of longer-lived clusters of dynamic bonds that introduce a stretch rate-dependent strain hardening in uniaxial tension and stabilize and increase the size of the dissipative zone at the crack tip, thereby introducing a strain-dependent dissipative mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Energy and electronic structure of Ag(110)/Ni(211) interface system are calculated and analyzed via first-principles pseudopotential method. The results show that the main factors affecting the bonding stability of Ag/Ni interface are the hybridization between s, p, and d orbitals of Ag and s, p, and d orbitals of Ni, and the bonding strength of Ag-Ni metal bond. When Sn and W atoms are doped at the Ag/Ni interface, the separation work of the doped system increases and the interfacial energy decreases, which is beneficial to the bonding strength of the Ag/Ni interface. Doping Sn and W can enhance the orbital hybridization between Ag and Ni, increase the hybrid orbitals between Ni and Sn, Ag and W, Ni and W atoms, and promote the formation of Ni-Sn, Ag-W, Ni-W metal bonds. Therefore, the interface bonding stability can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure (MOF) between ceramic and metal orthodontic brackets on glazed monolithic zirconia using non-woven polypropylene fiber adhesive. Sixty glazed and sintered zirconia blocks were divided into six groups and attached with orthodontic brackets as follows: CS, ceramic bracket with silane; CB, ceramic bracket with bonding agent; CBS, ceramic bracket with bonding agent and silane; MS, metal bracket with silane; MB, metal bracket with bonding agent; and MBS, metal bracket with bonding agent and silane. There was a statistically significant difference in mean SBS values (p < 0.001). The CS group showed the highest SBS value (23.42 ± 3.88 MPa). On the other hand, the lowest was found in the MB group, which was not statistically different from the CB group (3.26 ± 0.76 and 5.09 ± 1.50 MPa, respectively). The MS, MBS, and CBS groups showed no statistical difference compared to each other (15.57 ± 4.01, 13.23 ± 5.47, and 12.77 ± 4.43 MPa, respectively). SBS is highest when a ceramic bracket with silane is bonded to glazed monolithic zirconia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, yttrium-substituted nickel ferrite (NiY2xFe2-2xO4) nanostructures were synthesized via the co-precipitation method with different concentrations of yttrium (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.12 %, where x is the dopant concentration in molar percent) after calcination at 500 ºC. Structural studies of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) technique. XRD results showed that the addition of Y led to an increase in synthesized nanoparticles. Molecular studies have been done using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR results showed that the bands at about 550-560 and 433 cm-1 are associated with tetrahedral and octahedral Metal_O bonds, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) exhibit that adding Y3+ ions dopant up to x = 0.06 led to a considerable decrease in the powders’ particle size. Adding more dopant up to x = 0.12 led to an amorphous and crystalline phase formation. The size of nanoparticles before substitution estimated from FE-SEM images were 39.49, 36.49, and 50.78 nm, which increased to 63.07, 64.02, and 73.56 nm after the substitution, respectively. The magnetic behavior of the samples was investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at room temperature (RT). VSM results showed that the saturation magnetization and coercivity (Hc) values decreased with the increase of yttrium contents up to x = 0.12. This was referred to as the redistribution of cations on the octahedral bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variations in bonding between trivalent lanthanides and actinides is critical for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel. The ability to tune bonding and the coordination environment in these trivalent systems is a key factor in identifying a solution for separating lanthanides and actinides. Coordination of 4,4′−bipyridine (4,4′−bpy) and trimethylsilylcyclopentadienide (Cp′) to americium introduces unexpectedly ionic Am−N bonding character and unique spectroscopic properties. Here we report the structural characterization of (Cp′3Am)2(μ − 4,4′−bpy) and its lanthanide analogue, (Cp′3Nd)2(μ − 4,4′−bpy), by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic techniques in both solid and solution phase are performed in conjunction with theoretical calculations to probe the effects the unique coordination environment has on the electronic structure. The coordination environment has a great impact on the electronic structure, bonding and properties of metal complexes. Here the authors report a dinuclear organometallic americium complex that displays unexpectedly ionic Am−N bonding, but enhanced covalency in the Am−C bonds compared to its neodymium analogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop metal-bonded diamond tools without dressing during machining, a novel glass fiber metal composite bonding agent with Cu–Sn–Ti alloy was proposed. The three-point bending strength of the diamond segments and the Vickers microhardness of the solidified composite bonding agents were tested. The microstructures of the diamond segments were investigated and the wear tests were performed for each group of diamond segments. The results showed that diamond segments with glass fiber content of 1.55 wt % - 6.89 wt % exhibited lower bending strength (declined by 36.4%–80.4%) and smaller microhardness (reduced by 16.0%–87.9%), compared to those of the diamond segment with no glass fiber addition. Good bonds were formed among the Cu–Sn–Ti alloy, glass fibers, and diamond grits. Chemical reactions occurred between the Cu–Sn–Ti alloy and glass fibers during high-temperature brazing, forming new intermetallic compounds such as Ti 5 Si 3 , Ti 2 O 3 , and Ti(Cu, Al) 2 , which improved the bonding strength. With an increase in the glass fiber content, fractures were more likely to occur in the glass fibers than in the diamonds, resulting in the bending strength decreasing more and more slowly. The wear resistance of the diamond segments decreased gradually with increasing glass fibers weight content. The diamond segment with 4.98 wt % glass fibers exhibited the best and most stable wear performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nanocrystalline ZnO (NC ZnO) films are considered as interface layers for polymer/metal bonds consisting of hot-dip galvanised steel (HDG) and epoxy resin. NC ZnO films with a thickness of less than one micrometre were deposited on HDG through hydrothermal deposition from aqueous Zn nitrate/hexamethylenetetramine electrolytes. Furthermore, 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (APPA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) were considered for molecular adhesion-promoting layers. 90°-peel tests of water-saturated epoxy films confirm the improvement of bond strength under humid environments. Electrochemical properties of the thin film coatings analysed by current density potential curves indicate effective inhibition of oxygen reduction and metal alloy dissolution. Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) measurements confirm that the corrosive delamination of the polymer from the metal substrate is significantly slowed down by the considered surface modifications. The combination of NC ZnO films with APPA as an adhesion promoting molecule showed the best performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flip-chip bonding is a key packaging technology to achieve the smallest form factor possible. Using copper as a direct under-bump metal and performing bonding under little force and at a low temperature eliminates the processing step for the deposition of a suitable wetting metal and offers an economical solution for electronic chip packaging. In this paper, various samples with copper and nickel–gold surface finishes are used to apply an in-house solder bumping, flip-chip bonding and reflow process to exhibit the bump-bond feasibility. Native oxides are reduced using process gases, and copper surface protection and solder wetting are achieved using copper formate. Lead-free 40 µm solder balls were bumped on 80 µm copper pads and 120 µm copper pillars to demonstrate a full intermetallic Cu–Cu bond as a base study for stacking applications. Using a low-force bonding technique, various chips with different dimensions were bonded at 0.5–16 MPa, followed by a reflow step at a maximum temperature of 270 °C. Then, 30 µm solder balls are utilized to bump the samples with NiAu and Cu bond pads at 50 µm pitch. A mean shear strength of 44 MPa was obtained for the 30 µm Cu samples. To the best of our knowledge, 30 µm solder bumping directly on the copper pads by producing copper formate is a novel research contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalency involving the 5f orbitals is regularly invoked to explain the reactivity, structure and spectroscopic properties of the actinides, but the ionic versus covalent nature of metal-ligand bonding in actinide complexes remains controversial. The tetrakis 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide complexes of Th, U and Np form an isostructural series of crystal structures containing approximately tetrahedral MO4 cores. We show that up to 3 GPa the Th and U crystal structures show negative linear compressibility as the OMO angles distort. At 3 GPa the angles snap back to their original values, reverting to a tetrahedral geometry with an abrupt shortening of the M-O distances by up to 0.1 Å. The Np complex shows similar but smaller effects, transforming above 2.4 GPa. Electronic structure calculations associate the M-O bond shortening with a change in covalency resulting from increased contributions to the M-O bonding by the metal 6d and 5f orbitals, the combination promoting MO4 flexibility at little cost in energy. The properties of actinide complexes depend on the ionic versus covalent nature of the bonds. Here, the authors report that pressure can distort actinide-oxygen bonding; differences seen for Th, U and Np result from the decreasing size of the atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restriction of intramolecular motions of AIEgens is greatly intensified by introducing dynamic metal coordination bonds to achieve dramatic fluorescence enhancement, which provides a simple and effective way to dramatically improve the emission efficiency of AIEgens. AIEgen-based metal complexes have an abnormal anti-heavy-atom effect, which contributes to their high emission efficiencies without changing their emission nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes (MXs) (singular; "MXene" (MX); pronounced "Maxenes") are a relatively new class of 2D inorganic materials that possess numerous potential biological and industrial applications. After the discovery of the first MXene, Ti3C2Tx, in 2011 plenty of reports on the synthesis and application of MXenes and their derivatives are published in the literature. Generally, MXenes contain heteroatoms at their surface; therefore, they can act as strong ligands and can form coordination bonding with the metal atoms and their ions. Because of this property, recently MXenes are used as nanofillers in polymer‐based coatings. The MXenes possess excellent filler properties. They are extensively used as fillers in epoxy resins and polyurethane‐based coatings but their application as fillers in other polymers is highly limited, which opens an area to explore in the future. The anticorrosive application of MXenes‐filled polymers coatings is extensively reported. The contemporary review designates the assemblies of various reports on the anticorrosive and filler property of the MXenes and their composites. Previous studies suggest that MXenes and their composites not only affect the performance of polymer coatings but also enhance their durability. The present report also describes the synthesis, characterization, chemical structures, and properties of the MXenes and their composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imidazole ring (Im) of histidine side chains plays a unique role in the function of proteins through covalent bonding with metal ions and hydrogen bonding interactions with adjusted biomolecules and water. At biological interfaces, these interactions are modified because of the presence of an electric field. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with the functional Im group mimic the histidine side chain at electrified interfaces. In this study, we applied in-situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) to probe the structure and hydrogen bonding of Im-functionalized SAM on smooth Au at the electrochemical interface. The self-assembly of molecules on the Au induced the proton shift from N1 atom (Tautomer-I), which is the dominant form of Im in the bulk sample, to N3 atom (Tautomer-II). The impact of electrode potential on the hydrogen bonding interaction strength of the Im ring was identified by SHINERS. Temperature-Raman measurements and density functional theory (DFT) analysis revealed the spectral marker for Im ring packing (mode near 1496–1480 cm−1) that allowed us to associate the confined and strongly hydrogen bonded interfacial Im groups with electrode polarization at −0.8 V. Reflection adsorption IR (RAIR) spectra of SAMs with and without Im revealed that the bulky ring prevented the formation of a strongly hydrogen bonded amide group network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biologically active Schiff base derived from 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde with aniline and its Zn(II), Cd(II), Sn(II), and Pb(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The structure optimization by computational analysis supports the geometry of the metal complexes. The Schiff base existed as a bidentate ligand bonded to the metal ion through the deprotonated phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen forming neutral ML2 metal chelates. The synthesized ligand and their metal complexes have been screened at three different concentrations and compared for their antibacterial action against bacterial species Streptococcus, Staph, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The result shows that the metal complexes are more bioactive than ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding of ceramic to metal has been challenging due to the dissimilar nature of the materials, particularly different surface properties and the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). To address the issues, gas phase-processed thin metal films were inserted at the metal/ceramic interface to modify the ceramic surface and, therefore, promote heterogeneous bonding. In addition, an alloy bonder that is mechanically and chemically activated at as low as 220 °C with reactive metal elements was utilized to bond the metal and ceramic. Stainless steel (SS)/Zerodur is selected as the metal/ceramic bonding system where Zerodur is chosen due to the known low CTE. The low-temperature process and the low CTE of Zerodur are critical to minimizing the undesirable stress evolution at the bonded interface. Sputtered Ti, Sn, and Cu (300 nm) were deposited on the Zerodur surface, and then dually activated molten alloy bonders were spread on both surfaces of the coated Zerodur and SS at 220 °C in air. The shear stress of the bonding was tested with a custom-designed fixture in a universal testing machine and was recorded through a strain indicator. The mechanical strength and the bonded surface property were compared as a function of interfacial metal thin film and analyzed through thermodynamic interfacial stability/instability calculations. A maximum shear strength of bonding of 4.36 MPa was obtained with Cu interfacial layers, while that of Sn was 3.53 MPa and that of Ti was 3.42 MPa. These bonding strengths are significantly higher than those (∼0.04 MPa) of contacts without interfacial reactive thin metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, the numerical code WELDSIM is used to simulate butt welding of 4 mm thick plates of S355 steel and AA6082-T6 by Hybrid Metal Extrusion and Bonding (HYB). This is a new solid state joining process using continuous extrusion as a technique to enable aluminium filler metal additions. In WELDSIM, the finite element heat flow model is coupled to a frictional heating model, an isokinetic diffusion model for the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and a nanostructure model for simulating reversion and re-precipitation of hardening phases inside the aluminium part of the joints during welding and subsequent natural ageing. The HYB process model is validated by comparison with experimental data obtained from in-situ thermocouple measurements and hardness testing carried out on three different Al-steel butt welds. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope examinations of the Al-steel interfaces have been conducted to check the predicted power of the IMC diffusion model. It is concluded that the process model is sufficiently relevant and comprehensive to be used in simulations of both the thermal, microstructure, and strength evolutions fields in these dissimilar butt welds. Some practical applications of the process model are described toward the end of the article, where particularly its potential for optimising the load-bearing capacity of the joints, is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spot welding is widely used for the lightweight and rigid bonding of metal parts. To plan the spot welding, the welding engineer should check the posture of a welding gun to ensure that it does not collide with the welding objects and fixtures. Although commercial programs can check the posture range of a welding gun, it requires a long calculation time, infeasible for industrial applications with hundreds or thousands of welding points. This study proposed a method for automatically calculating the weldable posture range for given welding points. The proposed method detects the possible collision areas between the welding objects and the welding gun in advance by the octree method, drastically reducing the calculation time. It used the central processing unit (CPU) parallel processing to calculate the exact weldable posture to shorten the calculation time further. The proposed method uses the stereolithography (STL) model as input for versatility for welding objects and guns. It also developed several algorithms to overcome the limited information available with the format. As a result, the program could calculate the weldable posture range within 4 s per single welding point with a one-degree resolution. The proposed method is intended for spot welding but may be utilized for other welding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in nanotechnologies for energy conversion and transport applications urgently require a further understanding of interfacial thermal transport and enhancement of interfacial thermal conductance (ITC). Sandwiching an intermediate material between two materials has led to a new insight on enhancing electron and phonon transportation, and is enabling the possible regulation of ITC, which has attracted increasing interest over the past decades. Herein, this strategy is named as thermal bonding, following the terminology of mechanical bonding and electrical bonding in microelectronics. The authors systematically summarize the interfacial thermal transport enhanced by thermal bonding from the category of interfacial thermal transport mechanisms, thermal bonding materials (TBMs), related applications, and potential challenges. Especially, the influence factors of interfacial heat transfer are highlighted, from three points, including interaction forces (van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, covalent bond, and metal bond), electron density, and phonon vibration density of states. The authors also outline and classify TBMs into metal bonding materials, organic bonding materials, and inorganic nonmetal bonding materials. As a novel and promising interface science and engineering field, it is believed that thermal bonding strategy will provide scientists and engineers more inspiration to understand interfacial thermal transport and solve the interfacial thermal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]