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Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the target coverage, homogeneity, and robustness of the dose distributions against geometrical uncertainties associated with four whole breast radiotherapy techniques. Methods The study was based on the planning-computed tomography-datasets of 20 patients who underwent whole breast radiotherapy. A total of four treatment plans (wedge, field-in-field [FIF], hybrid intensity-modulated radiotherapy [IMRT], and full IMRT) were created for each patient. The hybrid IMRT plans comprised two opposed tangential open beams plus two IMRT beams. Setup errors were simulated by moving the beam isocenters by 5 mm in the anterior or posterior direction. Results With the original plan, the wedge technique yielded a high volume receiving ≥107% of the prescription dose (V107; 7.5%±4.2%), whereas the other three techniques yielded excellent target coverage and homogeneity. A 5 mm anterior displacement caused a large and significant increase in the V107 (+5.2%±4.1%, p

We determined the intra- and postoperative plasma concentrations of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-Alpha, interleukin [IL]-1Beta, IL-6, and IL-8) in oral surgery patients with procedures ranging in duration from 20 to 375 min and investigated their relationship to the intensity of the surgical stress over time. No significant differences from baseline levels were observed in the levels of TNF-Alpha, IL-1Beta, and IL-8. By contrast, increased IL-6 levels were noted only on the first postoperative day, when they reached 1500% of the baseline level, after which they decreased to preoperative levels by the third postoperative day and tended to reflect the intensity of surgical stress.

We study various representations of the infrared effective theory of SU(2) gluodynamics starting from the monopole action derived recently. We determine the coupling constants in the abelian-Higgs model directly from lattice QCD and evaluate the type of the QCD vacuum. The string action is derived using the BKT transformation on the lattice. At the classical level this action reproduces the physical string tension with a good accuracy., 3 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures; talk presented at LATTICE97

Fatigue During Breast Radiation Therapy and its Predictive Factors N. Nakamura, R. Ito, O. Takahashi, C. Haga, N. Shikama, K. Akahane, M. Ogita, N. Mizuno, S. Tamaki, and K. Sekiguchi; Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan, Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan

A Ti : sapphire laser HAMA pumped by a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is developed to enable a high-repetitive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment to be conducted. To demonstrate a counter-irradiation fast-heating fusion scheme, a 3.8 J, 0.4 ns amplified chirped pulse is divided into four beams: two counter-irradiate a target with intensities of 6 × 1013 W cm−2, and the remaining two are pulse-compressed to 110 fs for heating the imploded target with intensities of 2 × 1017 W cm−2. HAMA contributed to the first demonstration by showing that a 10 J class DPSSL is adaptable to ICF experiments and succeeded in DD neutron generation in the repetition mode. Based on HAMA, we can design and develop an integrated repetitive ICF experiment machine by including target injection and tracking.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in human cancers. Therefore PI3K is thought to be a promising target for cancer therapy, and many compounds targeting PI3K have been developed and tested in clinical trials. Acquired resistance is a major obstacle for conventional cancer chemotherapy, and also for some of the targeted therapies approved to date. Long-term administration of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and imatinib, gives rise to resistant cancer cells carrying a drug-resistant gatekeeper mutation in the kinase domain of the respective target genes, EGFR and BCR-ABL. As for the PI3K inhibitors (PI3Kis), little is known about their acquired resistance. To address this issue, we established four human cancer cell lines that exhibited resistance to ZSTK474, a PI3Ki we developed previously, after drug exposure for a period of more than 1-year in vitro. None of the PI3Ki-reistant cells, however, contained any mutation in the kinase domain of the PIK3CA gene. Instead, we found that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was overexpressed in all four resistant cells. Furthermore, PI3Ki-naïve cancer cells expressing high levels of IGF1R also exhibited resistance to PI3Kis. Interestingly, IGF1R-TKIs strongly enhanced the efficacy of PI3Ki in these cells. Thus, we propose that IGF1R could serve as a biomarker to predict the inefficacy of PI3K inhibitors, and also could be a target for overcoming acquired and intrinsic resistance in IGF1R-overexpressing cancers. Citation Format: Shingo Dan, Sho Isoyama, Yumiko Nishimura, Naoki Nakamura, Gensei Kajiwara, Naomi Tamaki, Mutsumi Okamura, Takao Yamori. Identification of IGF1R as a responsible factor and a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired and intrinsic resistance to PI3K inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4450. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4450

Target injection is a key technology to realizing inertial fusion energy. Here we present the first demonstration of target injection and neutron generation. We injected more than 600 spherical deuterated polystyrene (C8D8) bead targets during 10 minutes at 1Hz. After the targets fell for a distance of 18cm, we applied the synchronized laser-diode-pumped ultra-intense laser HAMA and successfully generated neutrons repeatedly. The result is a step toward fusion power and also suggests possible industrial neutron sources.

Yoneyoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshitaka MORI, Osamu KOMEDA, Katsuhiro ISHII, Ryohei HANAYAMA, Kazuhisa FUJITA, Shin-ichiro OKIHARA, Takashi SEKINE1), Nakahiro SATO1), Takashi KURITA1), Toshiyuki KAWASHIMA1), Hirofumi KAN1), Naoki NAKAMURA2), Takuya KONDO2), Manabu FUJINE2), Hirozumi AZUMA3), Tomoyoshi MOTOHIRO3), Tatsumi HIOKI3), Mitsutaka KAKENO3), Yasuhiko NISHIMURA4), Atsushi SUNAHARA5) and Yasuhiko SENTOKU6)

The disorder parameter of confinement-deconfinement phase transition based on the monopole action determined previously in $SU(2)$ QCD are investigated. We construct an operator which corresponds to the order parameter defined in the abelian Higgs model. The operator shows proper behaviors as the disorder parameter in the numerical simulations of finite temperature QCD., Comment: 3 pages, latex, 1 figures, Talk presented at LATTICE96(topology)

Epstein-Barr virus antigen-specific killer T cell (EBV-KT) activity and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) shedding at uterine cervix and oropharynx were examined in patients with cervical carcinoma. EBV-KT activity was determined by a modified EBV-induced B cell focus regression assay. EBV shedding was examined by infectivity assay. EBV-KT activity in the patients was decreased significantly compared with that of controls (P < 0.001) and became increasingly lower as the clinical stage of the disease advanced. EBV-KT activity was changed by treatment, and decreased EBV-KT activity after treatment was clearly related to patient survival. EBV shedding at oropharynx and uterine cervix were also higher in the patients than in the controls (P < 0.01 and < 0.05). These results suggest that EBV-KT activity is closely associated with the prognosis in patients with cervical carcinoma and that it may be a useful parameter in monitoring the cell-mediated immunity of patients with cervical carcinoma.

Three-dimensional (3D) component reconnection, where reconnecting field lines are not perfectly anti-parallel, is studied with a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation. In particular, we consider the asymmetry of the field strength of the reconnecting field lines. As the asymmetry increases, the generated reconnection jet tends to be parallel to stronger field lines. This is because weaker field lines have higher gas pressure in the initial equilibrium, and hence the gas pressure gradient along the reconnected field lines is generated, which accelerates the field-aligned plasma flow. This mechanism may explain penumbral microjets and other types of jets that are parallel to magnetic field lines.

(Received 7 July 2010 /Accepted 18 October 2010)The first use of a high-repetition-rate laser-diode (LD)-pumped laser in a fusion target experiment is demon-strated. An LD-pumped Nd-solid state laser’s output is coupled to a Ti:sapphire laser, enabling the resultingHAMA laser to generate 2-J, 815-nm-wavelength output with a pulse width of 150fs and a repetition rate of10Hz. A photon-to-photon efficiency of 1.25% (electric-to-photonic 0.7%) is achieved, which is an order ofmagnitude higher than that of current flash-lamp lasers. Irradiation of a 500-µm-thick deuterated polystyrenefilm by a 0.6 -J pulse yielded 10

Materials/Methods: Two hundred forty-three patients underwent definitive radiotherapy with helical tomotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer. The prescribed dose defined as 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) receiving $100% of the prescription dose was 76 Gy in 38 fractions. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the prostate with a 5-mm margin and 2-cm proximal seminal vesicle. The PTV was defined as the CTV with a 5-mm margin. The treatment plans were optimized to satisfy the dose constraints defined by in-house protocols for the PTV and organs at risk (OAR). The dose constraints for the PTV are a mean dose\79.8 Gy and a maximum dose\ 83.6 Gy. The dose constrains for OAR are: the rectum wall defined as 0.5 cm above and below the PTV of no more than 10% of the volume to receive a dose .78 Gy, no more than 25% of the volume to receive a dose .70 Gy, no more than 35% of the volume to receive a dose .60 Gy, and no more than 65% of the volume to receive a dose .40 Gy; the bladder wall of no more than 35% of the volume to receive a dose .70 Gy, and no more than 65% of the volume to receive a dose .40 Gy; the sigmoid colon of no more than 0.5 ml to receive a dose .65 Gy; and the small bowel of no more than 0.5 ml to receive a dose .60 Gy. If all of the dose constraints were satisfied, it was defined as an optimal plan (OP). Results: Two hundred three patients (84%) had an OP. The mean bladder volume (±1SD) was 266 ml (±130 ml) among those with an OP and 214 ml (±130 ml) among those without an OP (p = 0.02). The percentage of those with an OP was 75% (41 in 55 patients) among patients whose bladder volumes were\150 ml and 86% (161 in 188 patients) among patients whose bladder volumes were $150 ml (p = 0.03). No significant difference was noted in the OP rate when we divided them into two subgroups with a bladder volume above 150 ml. Conclusions: The bladder volume is a significant factor affecting the achieving of an OP. However, our results suggest that a bladder volume larger than 150 ml does not contribute to the realization of an OP. An optimal bladder volume may be 150 ml or slightly larger.

Textured hematite was fabricated from paramagnetic goethite by slip casting in a strong magnetic field followed by thermal treatment via topotactic phase transformation. The completely-textured hematite with the Lotgering factor F = 1 was obtained by sintering the goethite compact at 1200 °C. The a,b-axis of the goethite was taken over the c-axis of the hematite through the topotactic phase transformation. The textured hematite showed an anisotropic magnetic property depending on the direction of the crystalline orientation.

Sustained oscillation of the head of an alert animal with inphase or outphase combination of screen oscillation in the horizontal plane induced marked adaptive changes in the gain of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR). These changes are assumed to be a prototype of motor learning by the cerebellar flocculus (1). Several lines of experimental evidence, using rabbits or monkeys as experimental material, have consistently suggested that the plastic changes of neuronal activities of a particular group of floccular Purkinje cells (H-cells) are the sources of the HVOR adaptation.

AIM: To clarify the efficacy and safety of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-D CRT) for this disease and to specify patient subgroups suitable for this treatment. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with HCC received PVI-targeted radiation therapy from January 1995 through December 2003. Portal venous invasion (PVI) was found in the second or lower order branches of the portal vein in 6 patients, in the first branch in 24 patients and in the main trunk in 22 patients. Child classifications of liver function before radiation therapy were A, B, and C for 19, 24 and 2 patients, respectively. All patients received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with a total dose ranging from 39 to 60 Gy (57.0 Gy in average). RESULTS: Overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 45.1%, 25.3%, 15.2%, 10.1%, and 5.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that Child status, the number of tumor foci, tumor type, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) after radiation therapy were statistically significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of tumor foci and TAE after radiation therapy were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study strongly suggest the efficacy of 3-D CRT as treatment for PVI in HCC. 3-D CRT is recommended in combination with post-radiation TAE for PVI of HCC with 5 tumor foci or less in the liver and with Child A liver function.

Absorption spectra and TEM and STM images are observed on C 60 thin films prepared by MBE technique. Superconductivity behaviors of alkali metal-doped single crystals and thin films are also reported

Molecular beam epitaxy technique has been applied to prepare ultra-thin films of C 60 (fullerite) and some optical properties, absorption spectra and nonlinear opitical activities, have been studied. Morphological studies on the sub-mono-molecular layers have been carried out with TEM and STM technique. Electrical conductivities of alkali metal doped C 60 (fulleride) have been measured for single crystals as well as thin films including the detection of their superconductivity.

Optical second- and third-harmonic generations in C60 film have been studied using a Nd:YAG laser as the fundamental light source. Observed dependences of the generated second- and third-harmonic intensities on the polarization of light and on the angle of incidence are discussed based on the symmetry of the film structure. The relatively large third-order nonlinear response of || χ(3)(-3ω; ω, ω, ω)|| ≃2×10-10 esu has been observed.

Dextransucrase (Sucrose: 1,6-α-d-glucan 6-α-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.5) produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides IAM 1046 was highly purified, its properties examined, and the structure of dextrans formed from sucrose by the enzyme was studied.The periodate oxidation of enzymatically synthesized dextrans showed that the content of α-1,6-glucosidic bonds in dextran was increased as the purification of the enzyme proceeded. Moreover, it was found that dextrans with higher proportion of non-α-1,6-glucosidic bonds were obtained when some fraction from culture broth was added to purified enzyme on enzymatic synthesis. Results indicated that some factor(s) tentatively referred to as “branching factor” was involved in the synthesis of non-1,6-links. Nature of the factor was examined, and it was found that calcium and other divalent metal ions had the effect as the branching factor.

To develop a novel makeup which is effective in making wrinkles less visible, optical properties of the makeup compornents and their mixtures were systematically studied.It was discovered that within a specific composition range, it was possible to produce a makeup more effective in making wrinkles much less visible than possible with other mixtures. The composition of this “SOFT FOCUS MIXTURE” was found to be strongly dependent on the optical properties as well as the ratio of the powder to the oil. Two major factors found to contribute to the reduction of wrinkle visibility are: (a) Optical blurring of the outlines of wrinkles, and (b) Reduction in the differerence of lightnesses due to diffuse reflection. The first is strongly dependent on the concentration of the oil phase while the second is affected by the gloss of the powder. By optimizing these two factors, effective makeup have been prepared to make wrinkles less apparent.

The stoichiometries of alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes with macrocyclic ligands were determined in a water-containing nitrobenzene solution by means of 1H NMR. The chemical shift of the w...

嚥下性失神の1例を経験した. 51才男性で,心疾患,食道・胃疾患はない.血液検査,心電図,ホルター心電図,脳波,脳CTに異常はみられなかった.観血的血圧測定と心電図とを同時に記録しながら,嚥下時と,食道内に挿入したバルーンの内圧を変化させた時との反応を観察した.まず嚥下により徐脈がみられることを確認した.次にバルーン内圧を様々に変化させたが,低い圧(20mmHg)では徐脈がみられ,さらに圧を高くして80mmHgにするとpulse intervalが3.8秒に延長し,血圧も收縮期圧で27%の低下を示した.すなわち圧を高くすると反応も強くなる傾向がみられた.また内圧負荷をくり返すと徐脈と血圧低下の反応が弱まる傾向がみられた.