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[ES] Los datos publicados por Bonsor (1918) sobre los efectos del terremoto de 1504 AD (X MSK) en Carmona (Sevilla, Sur de España) constituye el primer informe arqueosismológico que se publica en una revista científica española. El presente trabajo analiza y revisa los datos aportados por Bonsor a la luz de la escala macrosísmica ESI-07. La mayoría de los daños registrados en el antiguo Alcázar de Carmona pueden ser atribuidos a importantes fenómenos de deslizamientos de las calcarenitas neógenas del escarpe de Los Alcores. Grietas de longitud hectométrica y anchura métrica, deslizamientos de c. 800.000 m3 y caídas de bloques individuales de dimensiones entre 10-500 m3 indican intensidades mínimas de VIII-IX ESI-07 en la ciudad de Carmona. El area macrosísmica afectada por efectos ambientales cosísmicos puede evaluarse en unos 1300 km2, dentro de la cual se identifican dos zonas dentro de la llanura aluvial del Guadalquivir de entre 180-200 km2 en las que los procesos de liquefacción y subsidencia fueron ampliamente documentados en los sectores de Sevilla-Alcalá del Rio y Cantillana-Palma del Rio. Los procesos de licuefacción se documentaron a distancias epicentrales máximas de unos 40 km. Oleajes anómalos del río y procesos de inundación permanente también se documentan en las proximidades de Sevilla. Los importantes daños documentados en las poblaciones situadas en la llanura de inundación del Guadalquivir y efectos ambientales relacionados pueden ser atribuidos a un claro “efecto sitio” tal y como demuestra la ocurrencia de similares procesos en esta misma zona durante el terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 AD que se sintió con intensidades VIII-IX MSK. La localización del epicentro macrosísmico catalogado por el IGN (3 km SE Carmona) no coincide con las orientaciones de los daños (aprox. N-S) y distribución de los efectos ambientales (NNW de Carmona). Por el contrario algunos de los accidentes tectónicos situados al Norte de Carmona en el valle del Guadalquivir podrían, [EN] Data reported by George Bonsor (1918) about damage in the City of Carmona (Sevilla, South Spain) triggered by the AD 1504 Earthquake (X MSK) constitutes the first archaeoseismological report published in the Spanish scientific literature. This work analyses and updates de Bonsor's data using the ESI-07 Intensity Scale. Most of the described damage at the ancient Arab Castle of Carmona can be attributed to large landslide events in the Late Neogene calcarenites of "Los Alcores Scarp". Large open cracks of hectometric length and metric width, landslides of c. 800,000 m3 and rockfalls involving individual blocks of 10-500 m3 indicate a minimum IX ESI-07 intensity at Carmona. Within the macroseismic area of about 1300 km2, two areas within the Guadalquivir river floodplain around 180-200 km2 are identified where liquefaction processes and lateral spreading were widely documented between Sevilla-Alcalá del Rio and Cantillana-Palma del Rio. Liquefaction processes occurred at maximum distances of c. 40 km from the macroseismic epicentre. Anomalous waves and permanent flooding of the riverbanks was also documented in the vicinity of Sevilla city. Severely damaged localities within the Guadalquivir river floodplain and related earthquake environmental effects can be attributed to site effects; in this zone, well documented far-field effects were caused by the AD 1755 Lisbon earthquake due to maximum intensities of VIII-IX MSK. The location of the macroseismic epicentre considered in the IGN Catalogue (3 km SE of Carmona) does not match with the documented damage orientation (nearly N-S), but suspect faults within the Guadalquivir valley North of Carmona can account for the documented damage. These structures include the controversial NE-SW Guadalquivir Fault and the prolongation of NW-SE Palaeozoic faults beneath the Neogene and Quaternary sedimentary fill between Tocina and Alcolea del Río, and should both be considered as potential seismic sources for the AD 1504 even

Analyses of a 67-m long sediment core from Lake Banyoles (northeastern Spain) have revealed evidence for the palaeoclimate history of the northern Iberian Peninsula. Investigations have included high-resolution and non-destructive sediment-physical, geochemical, and optical methods to generate proxies indicative of sedimentologic variability and climate change. Primary stratigraphic control is based on C-14 and U-series dates of organic and inorganic material, as well as tephra from the Late Pleistocene Olot volcanic episode. While preliminary ages obtained for the core base date back to approximately 60 ka, the Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka) interval ends at 15 m. The top 8 m of deposits accumulated in the Holocene. Several slump events were observed in the core section, as were microtectonic structures, which constrain the movement. Evidence for palaeoclimate variations in element ratios is interpreted to represent effects of Heinrich Events H0-H5. Associated changes in environmental conditions (e.g., humidity) may have affected human occupation during the Palaeolithic-Neolithic period. Implications on human occupation in northeastern Iberia due to climate changes are discussed from archeological findings and cave sediments in neighboring areas and are analyzed with respect to the palaeolimnologic of lake Banyoles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

Analyses of a 67-m long sediment core from Lake Banyoles (northeastern Spain) have revealed evidence for the palaeoclimate history of the northern Iberian Peninsula. Investigations have included high-resolution and non-destructive sediment-physical, geochemical, and optical methods to generate proxies indicative of sedimentologic variability and climate change. Primary stratigraphic control is based on C-14 and U-series dates of organic and inorganic material, as well as tephra from the Late Pleistocene Olot volcanic episode. While preliminary ages obtained for the core base date back to approximately 60 ka, the Last Glacial Maximum (23-19 ka) interval ends at 15 m. The top 8 m of deposits accumulated in the Holocene. Several slump events were observed in the core section, as were microtectonic structures, which constrain the movement. Evidence for palaeoclimate variations in element ratios is interpreted to represent effects of Heinrich Events H0-H5. Associated changes in environmental conditions (e.g., humidity) may have affected human occupation during the Palaeolithic-Neolithic period. Implications on human occupation in northeastern Iberia due to climate changes are discussed from archeological findings and cave sediments in neighboring areas and are analyzed with respect to the palaeolimnologic of lake Banyoles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

The Lake Ohrid Basin in FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) and Albania meets all criteria of an active, seismic landscape: linear step-like fault scarps in the landscape and under water within the lake. Post-glacial (or Late Pleistocene) bedrock fault scarps at Lake Ohrid are long-lived expressions of repeated surface faulting in tectonically active regions, where erosion cannot outpace the fault slip. Other morphotectonic features are wind gaps, wineglass-shaped valleys and triangular facets, which are well preserved. Generally, the faults and fault scarps are getting younger towards the basin centre, as depicted on seismic and hydroacoustic profiles. Additionally, mass movement bodies within the lake and also onshore (rockfalls, landslides, sub-aquatic slides, homogenites, turbidites) are likely to have been seismically triggered. These morphotectonic observations are in line with focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the greater Lake Ohrid area. We investigated the neotectonic history and tectonic geomorphology of the Lake Ohrid Basin by means of an integrated multidisciplinary approach, using tectonic geomorphology and a variety of geophysical and remote sensing methods.

We conducted palaeoseismic studies along the North Anatolian fault both east and west of the Marmara Sea to evaluate its recent surface rupture history in relation to the well-documented historical record of earthquakes in the region, and to assess the hazard of this major fault to the city of Istanbul, one of the largest cities in the Middle East. Across the 1912 rupture of the Ganos strand of the North Anatolian fault west of the Marmara Sea, we excavated 26 trenches to resolve slip and constrain the earthquake history on a channel–fan complex that crosses the fault at a high angle. A distinctive, well-sorted fine sand channel that served as a marker unit was exposed in 21 trenches totaling over 300 m in length. Isopach mapping shows that the sand is channelized north of the fault, and flowed as an overflow fan complex across a broad fault scarp to the south. Realignment of the feeder channel thalweg to the fan apex required about 9±1 m of reconstruction. Study of the rupture history in several exposures demonstrates that this displacement occurred as two large events. Analysis of radiocarbon dates places the age of the sand channel as post ad 1655, so we attribute the two surface ruptures to the large regional earthquakes of 1766 and 1912. If each was similar in size, then about 4–5 m of slip can be attributed to each event, consistent with that reported for 1912 farther east. We also found evidence for two additional surface ruptures after about ad 900, which probably correspond to the large regional earthquakes of 1063 and 1344 (or 1354). These observations suggest fairly periodic occurrence of large earthquakes (RI=c. 283±113 years) for the past millennium, and a rate of c. 16 mm/a if all events experienced similar slip. We excavated six trenches at two sites along the 1999 Izmit rupture to study the past earthquake history along that segment of the North Anatolian fault. One site, located in the township of Köseköy east of Izmit, revealed evidence for three s

The Roman archaeological site of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, south Spain) is located within the Gibraltar Arch, a region with no significant recent or historical seismicity. However, previous studies have emphasized the occurrence of repeated strong archaeoseismic damage (intensity≥IX MSK) at Baelo Claudia tentatively bracketed in this study around ad 40–60 and ad 260–290. A multidisciplinary study has been carried out including the detailed mapping of surface deformation and building damage, surface geology and geomorphology, collection of structural data, and an extensive ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey. The obtained data are not conclusive when considered separately, but evident links between archaeoseismic damage, structural and GPR data indicate that the destruction of the city was linked to seismic shaking. The analysis of the pattern and orientation of deformation clearly indicates SW–NE directed compression due to ground shaking. This analysis also focuses on localized landslides and liquefaction processes, which appear to be coeval with the earthquakes, but the poor geotechnical parameters of the clayey substratum were determinant to amplify the observed level of destruction. The application of the present Spanish seismic code (NCSE-02) indicates that intensity VIII MSK (0.24–0.26 g) can be reached in this zone for 500 year return periods.