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Urinary caliculi is a common problem in male buffalo calves and removing the caliculi is difficult. In the present study, urethrostomy was conducted in male buffalo calves of age group 2-5 months with retention of urine due to urolithiasis which can be adopted by field Veterinarians for saving the life of the calf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that assessed the toxicity of the fruits of Sapindus laurifolius in calves. The calves fed with the fruits developed clinical signs of haemoglobinuria, anaemia, debility, hyporexia, atony of the rumen, tachycardia, polypnoea, hypothermia and lethargy. Some of the calves died 10 days after being fed with the fruits. Findings show hat the saponins in the fresh fruits of Sapindus laurifolius causes gastroenteritis and haemolysis in warm blooded animals.

The present study revealed the natural toxicity of a neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on buffaloes which expressed the clinical signs of frothy salivation, in-coordination to move, stiff gait and dyspnoea. The haematological parameters like haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocyte counts(DLC) were not altered in the affected animals. There was no change in the concentrations of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) except a slight increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study aimed at establishing the toxicity of Christella parasitica fern in crossbred male calves including a study on the phytochemical nature of the plant extracts. Fresh fronds of C. parasitica were collected and dried in preparation for the extracts. The study showed no clinical signs of toxicity observed in the calves fed with fresh fronds of C. parisitica and no significant change in the haenatobiochemical parameters including cholesterol, total protein and glucose and calcium. It noted the non-toxic nature of C. parasitica.

Synoderm, a preparation containing zinc, sulphur and cobalt claimed to cure various types of dermatitis. In the present study, the efficacy of the product to cure the dermatitis due to dermatoses which was induced by feeding the commercial cattle feed was studied and the results indicated that it is effective in curing these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which investigated the toxic nature of the berries of Solanum indicum in sheep. It is revealed that there are cases of induced blindness due to persistent mydriasis. The findings of the clinical examination of affected sheep indicated pupillary dilatation, weakness, depression and recumbency.

The article discusses a study which examined the toxic nature of Christella parasitica in rabbits. It explores the clinical signs, rectal temperature, pulse, respiratory rate and urine colour of the subjects that were monitored daily. It is stated that there are no change in haemato biochemicals parameters and low thiaminase-I activity in rabbits fed with the plant.

Dermovet, a herbal ointment containing Pongamia pinnata oil, Gandhakam and Psoralea corylifolia claimed to cure various types of dermatitis. In the present study the efficacy of the ointment to cure the dermatitis due to fungal, bacterial, mite infections and atopic dermatitis was studied and the results indicated that it is effective in curing these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on progesterone concentration in milk of hormone induced and naturally lactating crossbred Jersey cattle in India. The study divided the cattle into three groups wherein the first one did not receive treatment while the two groups were given a combination of hormones with 17β-estradiol and progesterone. Radioimmunoassay method was used to measure the concentration of progesterone in milk. It concludes that hormonally induced cattle produces milk ideal for human consumption.

The article provides information on a study that proposed treatment with combination of progesterone and estrogen with or without PGF2α and drugs, metaclopramide and dexamethasone, as a viable method of inducing lactation in repeat breeding heifers. Hormones and drugs used to induce the lactation in limited time span were cloprostenol sodium, progesterone and dexamethasone, among others. Prolactin was regarded to be a limiting component of the lactogenic complex in cows which failed to lactate.

The article presents a discusses a study on the toxicity of Aspergillus wentil found in sorghum straw ingested by buffalo bull calves. The study made use Aspergillus wentil obtained from infected sorghum straw which caused toxicity in cattle and buffaloes in North Karnataka, India. Healthy buffalo bull calves were injected with mycelium free culture of Aspergillus until, after which, blood samples were collected for analysis. Diarrhea were experienced by calves although there were no changes in serum urea nitrogen and total serum protein (TSP).

The current work focus on a novel biomaterial extracted from Indian origin Deccani-Big sheep horn/scapula bone for exhaustive thermal property study using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and statistical analysis study using log normal to determine the failure rate of brittle material. The TGA shows four regions, first region in the water reduction range, second region is plateau with no change in weight, third regionfor decomposition and last plateau showing stable final product. Broido, Coats-Redfern, Chang and Horowitz-Metzger approximations are employed to compute the activation energy (Ea) of samples during decomposition. The observed average mean tensile strength is 63.38MPa whereas with the help of Weibull distribution shows 64.55MPa with R2 as 0.94.

Several non-metal and metal doped ZnO nanoparticles were produced by a variety of routes, including Sol-gel, hydrothermal, and combustion methods. The methods of synthesis, characterization, and applications of these nanoparticles were surveyed and summarised in this review. This study will improve our understanding of developments in doped ZnO and assist in the creation of new ZnO-based materials with improved structural, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties.

The article reports on acute pancreatitis induced by incretin-based therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It relates that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not given approval to the combined use of GLP-1 and DPP-IV despite the increased efficacy of combining these drug classes. It emphasizes the importance of adhering to prescribing guidelines for incretin-based therapies.

Birds are capable of morphing their wings across different flight modes and speeds to improve their aerodynamic performance. In light of this, the study aims to investigate a more optimized solution compared to conventional structural wing designs. The design challenges faced by the aviation industry today require innovative techniques to improve flight efficiency and minimize environmental impact. This study focuses on the aeroelastic impact validation of wing trailing edge morphing, which undergoes significant structural changes to enhance performance as per mission requirements. The approach to design-concept, modeling, and construction described in this study is generalizable and requires lightweight and actively deformable structures. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the aerodynamic efficiency of an innovative structural design and trailing edge morphing concept compared to conventional wing-flap configurations. The analysis revealed that the maximum displacement at a 30-degree deflection is 47.45 mm, while the maximum stress is 21 MPa. Considering that the yield strength of ABS material is 41.14 MPa, this kerf morphing structure, with a safety factor of 2.5, can withstand both structural and aerodynamic loads. The analysis results of the flap and morph configurations showed a 27% efficiency improvement, which was confirmed through the convergence criteria in ANSYS CFX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the decomposition temperature of a large sheep horn from Haveri District, Karnataka, India, which is 302.9°C. It also demonstrates the possible use of large sheep horn in the aerospace industry. It can be utilised as a Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) in high-pressure compressor blades of jet engines. Because of its poor thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, it is a superb insulator, and temperatures throughout the TBC take around 10 minutes to match.

Whether it is a plant- or animal-based bio-inspiration design, it has always been able to address one or more product/component optimisation issues. Today's scientists or engineers look to nature for an optimal, economically viable, long-term solution. Similarly, a proposal is made in this current work to use seven different bio-inspired structures for automotive impact resistance. All seven of these structures are derived from plant and animal species and are intended to be tested for compressive loading to achieve load-bearing capacity. The work may even cater to optimisation techniques to solve the real-time problem using algorithm-based generative shape designs built using CATIA V6 in unit dimension. The samples were optimised with Rhino 7 software and then simulated with ANSYS workbench. To carry out the comparative study, an experimental work of bioprinting in fused deposition modelling (3D printing) was carried out. The goal is to compare the results across all formats and choose the best-performing concept. The results were obtained for compressive load, flexural load, and fatigue load conditions, particularly the number of life cycles, safety factor, damage tolerance, and bi-axiality indicator. When compared to previous research, the results are in good agreement. Because of their multifunctional properties combining soft and high stiffness and lightweight properties of novel materials, novel materials have many potential applications in the medical, aerospace, and automotive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Co1-xCuxMn2O4 samples were effectively synthesized by means of chemical reagents and highly scalable co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction investigation affirmed the tetragonal structure possessed by Co1-xCuxMn2O4 with crystal size ranging from 12 nm to 22 nm. The crystallite size and micro strain values were correlated using Williamson-Hall plot and size-strain plot method. SEM images showed highly porous, less dense, agglomerated grains with grain size from 3.93 μm to 13.73 μm. Vibrational characterization of the samples was completed using FTIR spectra and Raman spectra which affirm the tetragonal structure. The magnetic characterization demonstrates the ferromagnetic nature of the materials which varies with copper substitution

We report effect of influence of Cd2+ ions on Co-Ni ferrites synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic spinel phase with crystallite size varies between 20-24 nm. The SEM images show tetrahedral, octahedral, granular, long bulgy structures with variety of sizes. The Raman spectra for samples with x = 0.1 and x = 0.4 shown peaks corresponding to Alg, Eg and T2g which very closely match with NiFe2O4 spectra with slight variation in peak position as an effect of different chemical formula. Magnetic measurements were carried out at room temperature. It is found that substitution influenced the magnetic properties. Saturation magnetization decreased from 52.74 to 32.68 emu.gm-1 and coercivity shown an initial increase and then a continuous decrease, with increase in the Cd2+ substitution. Retentivity is found to be varying between 10.1 emu/gr - 6.21 emu/gr.

This report presents the synthesis of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) by coprecipitation method and its subsequent characterization by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. XRD results confirm the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure, having lattice constant from 8.3216 Å to 8.3252 Å. An infrared spectroscopy study confirms the presence of two main absorption bands indicating tetrahedral and octahedral group complexes, within the spinel lattice. We also report hopping length (LA and LB), strain (ɛ) and dislocation density (ρD) of ferrite sample.

The present study reports the dielectric and DC resistivity studies of the Cd doped Co‐Ni ferrites synthesized by solid state reaction method. The XRD studies confirm the cubic spinel structure of the samples. The substitution of the cadmium in the ferrite system significantly influences the AC conductivity, involvement of the grain boundary involvement in conduction. The variations of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for all the samples are studied as a function of frequency and show an increase with doping concentration. The DC resistivity studies confirm the semiconducting nature of the synthesized ferrites. The activation energy is observed to be in the range of (0.534–0.629 eV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg‐Zn ferrites are a class of soft magnetic materials that possess very good structural, electrical, and magnetic properties. Mg‐Zn ferrites are prepared by eco‐friendly co‐precipitation method at relatively low temperature. Formation of spinel cubic ferrite is confirmed by using x‐ray diffraction studies and lattice parameters of the samples ranging from 8.323–8.361A°. Detailed staple parameters like lattice constant, crystallite‐size, x‐ray density, bond length, inter‐ionic distance are determined employing XRD data. The W‐H plot and Size‐Strain plots are extensively studied and the results are compared. SEM analysis furnishes surface morphology and grain size (in the range 3.7–4.3 µm) of particles of Mg‐Zn samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we have investigated structural attribute of Co+2 doped MgFe2O4. Synthesis of Mg1-xCoxFe2O4 ferrite was carried out using co-precipitation method. The formation of spinal ferrite was confirmed through X-ray diffraction. Lattice parameter found to be 8.376748 Å and crystallite sizes in the range 180-365 Å are observed. Various parameters like dislocation density (ρD); mechanical properties (strain), Hopping length {tetrahedral site (LA) and octahedral site (LB)}, Bond length (A-O and B-O), and Ionic radii (rA and rB) were reported. The W-H plot and Size-Strain plots were extensively studied and the results have been correlated.

Background: Infectious diseases and metabolic disorders are common in crossbred cows and adversely affect optimum production as well as quality of milk. The quality of milk plays a significant role in the production of high-quality dairy products. High somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk significantly decreases the potential of such milk for the production of high quality dairy products. In this study, it is hypothesized that the extra-mammary infections and metabolic disorders increase probability of intra-mammary infections thereby increasing somatic cell count in the milk making it unsuitable for dairy industry. Methods: Cows were grouped based on the diseases or disorders like Teat Stenosis (Gp SCM-TS), Ruminal Acidosis (Gp SCM-RA), Nonspecific Diarrhea (Gp SCM-ND), Respiratory Tract Infections (Gp SCM-RTI) and Repeat Breeder Syndrome (Gp SCM-RD). Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was made on the basis of California Mastitis Test (CMT) scores and by Somatic Cell Count (SCC) by automatic somatic cell counter. Biochemical parameters analyzed in automatic biochemical analyzer using commercially available kits. Result: The mean SCC values significantly higher in cows with sublinical mastitis and with concurrent infectious and metabolic diseases. Similarly, the concentrations of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were higher in affected cows. Concentrations of serum total proteins (TP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in all the groups of affected animals were higher. The changes in the calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels were not observed in cows with subclinical mastitis and with other diseases under study. The SCC values did not correlate with the values of ALP, AST, ALT, TP, BUN, Ca and P among the studied groups. It can be concluded that animals with concurrent infections and metabolic disorders increase the SCC and influence the alteration in the biochemical parameters of subclinical mastitic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular matrix (ECM) contains hyaluronic acid (HA) as its integral part that is involved in numerous functional activities within the body. Degradation of HA by hyaluronidase enzyme involved in many pathophysiological conditions such as asthma, arthritis, COPD and in venom spreading during envenomation. Inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme has a wide range of application along with the hyaluronan-hyaluronidase system. In this present study, we have evaluated the inhibitory effect of garcinol against hyaluronidase from Hippasa partita spider venom (HPHyal), bovine testicular hyaluronidase (BTH) and human serum hyaluronidase. Garcinia indica fruit rind has been used to isolate the active component garcinol. Garcinol has been used in treatment of diverse ailments. Garcinol has exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, HAT inhibition and miRNA deregulator in development and progression of cancers. Experimental data have shown that garcinol completely inhibited all the three tested hyaluronidase enzymes. The inhibition was found to be non-competitive pattern with reversible type. In the docking study, garcinol with hyaluronidase enzyme has been stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thus, garcinol could be a potent novel inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme which can be further used for pharmacotherapeutic applications. A graphical representation of garcinol extraction from Garcinia indica fruit that could be a novel molecule and potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme. [Display omitted] • ECM contains HA as integral part that is involved in numerous functional activities within body. • Garcinol inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme has a wide range of application along with the hyaluronan-hyaluronidase system. • Garcinol has been isolated from Garcinia indica dried fruit rind that used in treatment of diverse ailments. • Molecular docking and research data showed non-competitive type of inhibition, hydrogen-bond formation and hydrophobic-interactions between garcinol and hyaluronidase enzyme. • Thus, garcinol could be a novel molecule and potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme in pharmacotherapy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last few years, green composites are gaining prominence as alternative materials for aerospace, automotive and construction sectors. Green composites are renewable in nature, economical and biodegradable. The present work mainly focuses on the development of novel green composites to meet the ever-increasing demands of industry for structural applications. Green composites were developed using different fillers obtained from outermost peels of onion, potato and carrot, respectively. The percentage of fillers was varied from 10 to 30% in steps of 10% in the epoxy holding matrix. Accordingly, for each composition, six composite specimens were fabricated and were analyzed for mechanical properties and microstructure studies of the samples were also carried out using SEM. Onion-embedded epoxy samples showed maximum tensile strength (20.8 MPa) and hardness (50.75 HRB) when compared to other fillers. Further, the study revealed that mechanical properties were found to be maximum for 10% volume fraction of all fillers used in the polymer holding matrix. SEM images showed uniform distribution of the fillers in the holding matrix. Finally, the experimental results were compared with FEA and analytical calculation was found in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present paper is to demonstrate the effect of sol-gel derived scratch resistant coatings on different metal surfaces for anticorrosive applications. However, practical applications are limited by problems intrinsic to sol-gel processing or specific of coating/metal systems. Coatings aimed to improve oxidation and wet corrosion resistance have been studied the most. The results published in the literature show that sol-gel coatings may offer good protection against oxidation. More difficult is to achieve a protection against wet corrosion. An important aspect of the application of the sol-gel method for coating metallic objects is also the deposition technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to assess the thyroid hormones and lipid profile in Labrador Retriever male dogs presented to the Veterinary College Hospital, Bengaluru for routine health check up and vaccination. Based on their age, they were randomly divided into Group I, Group II and Group III that consisted of one to three years age (young age), more than three years to six years age (middle age) and more than six to nine years age (old age), respectively. In all the dogs the body weight was recorded. The profile of thyroid hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were estimated by using ELISA kits. The lipid profile parameters such as triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were estimated by using biochemical reagent kits. The values of LDL and VLDL cholesterol were calculated by using Friedewald formula. Further, the blood glucose level was estimated using the Glucochek® glucometer and serum total protein level by using reagent kit. Results revealed that the increased body weight was observed as age advanced. The T3 levels did not vary significantly among different age groups. Whereas, in the advanced age groups there was reduction in T4 levels and increase in TSH levels which was suggestive of hypothyroidism. Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels were significantly higher in older dogs followed by middle age group compared to young age group. However, the alterations in blood glucose and serum total protein levels were non significant between different age groups. It was concluded that the Labrador Retriever male dogs could be more prone to hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia and therefore master health checkup could be taken up at least once in a year as a precautionary measure to avoid complications of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of multiple drug toxicity in three Hallikar bullocks that were presented with history of diarrhoea and excitement. The bullocks were found to have been administered with albendazole, tetramisole powder, enrofloxacin suspension, and calcium syrup. It is stated that high doses of benzamidazoles raise the permeability of cell membrane to the protons, leading to diarrhea.

In this study, the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium chaingmaiense-KUMBMDBT-25 was isolated from the healthy stem of Euphorbia tirucalli, mass cultivated by submerged fermentation, and extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The synthesized Con-AgNPs were characterized through various bioanalytical methods. The synthesis was confirmed by Bio- spectrophotometry, which showed an absorption peak at 404 nm. FTIR analysis verified the reduction and capping of Con-AgNPs, displaying peaks corresponding to various functional groups. SEM-EDAX and HR-TEM examinations revealed that the Con-AgNPs were spherical, and EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of silver atoms at 3 keV. XRD studies revealed the crystalline structure of Con-AgNPs. DLS and Zeta potential tests determined the size and stability of the synthesized Con-AgNPs, which were 65.81 nm. The Con-AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (14.06 ± 0.11 mm, 10 mg/mL) and effective antifungal activity against A. flavus (13.03 ± 0.05 mm, 10 mg/mL). Con-AgNPs exhibited notable biological attributes, including a cytotoxic effect of up to 38.82% and 19.15% at 200 µg/mL in an MTT assay measuring cell viability. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies, validating the biological and pharmacological potential of Con-AgNPs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Current guidelines for treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer recommend chemotherapy ± radiation, or radiation alone when multimodal therapy is contraindicated. In a subset of patients, guideline-recommended treatment (GRT) achieves sufficient response to qualify for potentially curative resection. This study evaluated trends in treatment utilization and aimed to identify barriers to GRT., Methods: Patients with clinical T4M0 disease in the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2017 were included. Potential predictors were assessed by relative risk regression with Poisson distribution and compared by log-link function., Results: In total, 28 056 patients met the criteria. Among 17 059 (67.67%) patients treated primarily with chemotherapy, 41.19% also had radiation and 8.89% went onto resection. Many received no cancer-directed treatment or failed to receive GRT. Another 710 patients had radiation (±surgery) without chemotherapy despite few contraindications to chemotherapy. Over time, patients were more likely to undergo resection after chemotherapy (aRR = 1.58; p < 0.0001) and less likely to have chemoradiation (aRR = 0.78; p < 0.0001) or go untreated (aRR = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Socioeconomic factors (race, education, income, and insurance status) affected the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy and surgery. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly improved for patients treated with chemotherapy and particularly in those patients who went on to receive RT or undergo surgical resection. OS was also longer for patients treated at high-volume academic centers. Patients insured by Medicaid, Medicare, or those without insurance had worse OS., Conclusions: Despite improvement over time, many patients go untreated. Clinical factors were influential, but the impact of vulnerable social standing suggests persistent inequity in access to care., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: A number of barriers in care exist for women/girls with bleeding disorders. Little progress has been made to overcome them, particularly regarding levels of awareness of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and women/girls., Aim: To evaluate awareness and perception of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and bleeding disorders among HCPs and women/girls., Methods: A three-part qualitative study was conducted, including HCPs and women/girls from over seven countries. Part 1 included eleven 60-min interviews with experts discussing HMB diagnostic barriers, which were further assessed in surveys among 6099 women/girls, 353 general practitioners (GPs), and 426 obstetricians and gynaecologists (OB/GYNs) during Part 2. Part 3 included three 1.5-2-h workshops with 20 clinicians and patient representatives covering HMB knowledge, criteria defining HMB and HCP resourcing for diagnosis., Results: Many HCPs do not conduct certain investigations for women/girls presenting with HMB, and 22% of GPs lack confidence in the management of HMB. Only 8% of GPs use screening tools to evaluate menstrual blood loss, and 13% of GPs and 15% of OB/GYNs assess underlying bleeding disorders. Seventy-six percent of menstruating women/girls believed they could recognise HMB symptoms 'well'. However, 23% of these women/girls would not seek medical advice for abnormal/prolonged menstruation disrupting their lives. Disruptions were reported in 34% of women/girls from the general population and 61% of women with at-risk symptoms of HMB., Conclusion: Many women/girls and HCPs have limited awareness of important HMB indicators. There is a need for standardized clinical criteria to promote efficient diagnoses and management., (Haemophilia© 2024 The Author(s). Haemophilia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The air separation (O 2 /N 2 ) based on polymeric membranes is critical because it is more energy efficient than traditional methods. Dense polymeric membranes are now the main stay of industrial processes that generate oxygen and nitrogen enriched gas. Though, regular polymeric membranes often fall short of selective pressure demands because O 2 and N 2 gases have such comparable equivalent diameters. While polymer composites have their benefits, nanocomposite (NCs) allows for the production of high-performance barriers. Utilising Matrimid® 5218 (Matrimid) as the base framework and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as the filler, a novel NCs for O 2 /N 2 separation was developed. Both matrimid and MWCNTs were chemically modified quaternization and functionalizing the MWCNTs. The membranes were casted using solution casting with a combination of quaternized matrimid and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes ( f -MWCNT). When f -MWCNT was added to quaternized matrimid, it created interfacial compatibility, which increased O 2 /N 2 selectivity and permeability by 65 % and 35 %, respectively. In the current study, increasing O 2 diffusivity and O 2 /N 2 solubility selectivity resulted in improved performance, this paves a way for manufacturing innovation., Competing Interests: Please check the following as appropriate.•All authors have participated in (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of the data; (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (c) approval of the final version.•This manuscript has not been submitted to, nor is under review at, another journal or other publishing venue.•The authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript, (© 2023 The Authors.)

Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8 + cytolytic T cells to directly recognize and kill tumour cells 1-3 . These strategies are limited by the emergence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient tumour cells and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment 4-6 . The ability of CD4 + effector cells to contribute to antitumour immunity independently of CD8 + T cells is increasingly recognized, but strategies to unleash their full potential remain to be identified 7-10 . Here, we describe a mechanism whereby a small number of CD4 + T cells is sufficient to eradicate MHC-deficient tumours that escape direct CD8 + T cell targeting. The CD4 + effector T cells preferentially cluster at tumour invasive margins where they interact with MHC-II + CD11c + antigen-presenting cells. We show that T helper type 1 cell-directed CD4 + T cells and innate immune stimulation reprogramme the tumour-associated myeloid cell network towards interferon-activated antigen-presenting and iNOS-expressing tumouricidal effector phenotypes. Together, CD4 + T cells and tumouricidal myeloid cells orchestrate the induction of remote inflammatory cell death that indirectly eradicates interferon-unresponsive and MHC-deficient tumours. These results warrant the clinical exploitation of this ability of CD4 + T cells and innate immune stimulators in a strategy to complement the direct cytolytic activity of CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells and advance cancer immunotherapies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: In agreement with Association of American Medical Colleges guidelines, the 2020 to 2021 integrated vascular surgery (I-VS) residency interviews were conducted virtually. In the present study, we collected data about the virtual interview process from the applicant's perspective, including preferences for interview format and the virtual resources they found most helpful., Methods: An anonymous, online survey study of medical students who had been accepted into I-VS residencies during the 2020 to 2021 application cycle was performed. The survey contained questions about applicant behavior during the virtual application cycle, their perception of the virtual interviews, the utility of the virtual format, their preferences, and the virtual resources they found the most helpful for determining their rank list., Results: Of 72 applicants, 38 (18 women, 19 men, and 1 declined to answer) had completed the survey for a 57.2% response rate. The average number of programs interviewed was 25 to 30 (31%). More than one-half (55%) of the respondents had responded that they had interviewed at more programs than they would have had the interviews been in person. More than one-half of the applicants (55%) reported that they preferred remote interviews with the option to visit in-person at their top choice programs compared with the use of all remote interviews (21%) or all in-person interviews (18%). Most had somewhat or strongly agreed (79%) that virtual interviews allowed them to properly gauge a residency program and provided adequate opportunities to interact with the residents (65%). The online resources the applicants found the most helpful in determining their rank lists were attending educational conferences, prerecorded videos from faculty and residents, and the program's social media platforms., Conclusions: The results from the present study have illuminated the current trends and attitudes of I-VS applicants for virtual interviews, including the virtual resources they found the most useful. Virtual interviews were a preferred method of interviewing and allowed applicants to assess a residency program and interact with the current residents. These variables should be considered by the program leadership when developing protocols for upcoming application cycles., (Copyright © 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

As compared to standard medicinal compounds, hybrid molecules that contain multiple biologically active functional groups have greater affinity and efficiency. Hence based on this concept, we predicted that a combination of thiazolidinediones and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles may enhance α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. A series of novel 3-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)thiazolidine-2,5-dione derivatives (5a-5j) were synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques i.e. , FTIR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and MS. To evaluate in silico , molecular docking, MMGBSA, and MD simulations were carried out which were further evaluated via in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzyme inhibition assays. In addition, the in vivo study was performed on a genetic model of Drosophila melanogaster to assess the antihyperglycemic effects. The compounds (5a-5j) demonstrated α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the range of IC 50 values 18.42 ± 0.21-55.43 ± 0.66 μM and 17.21 ± 0.22-51.28 ± 0.88 μM respectively when compared to standard acarbose. Based on the in vitro studies, compounds 5a, 5b, and 5j were found to be potent against both enzymes. In vivo studies have shown that compounds 5a, 5b, and 5j lower glucose levels in Drosophila. These compounds could be further developed in the future to produce a new class of antidiabetic agents., Competing Interests: There are no competing financial interests or personal relationships influencing the findings of this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and starch-based polymeric films with a ratio of 2:8 were prepared using solution casting followed by a solvent evaporation method. Four types of membranes with varied concentrations of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) i.e., 2.5-10 wt% was incorporated in the films. The prepared membranes were assessed for transparency test, mechanical properties, surface morphology, permeability test for O 2 , and antimicrobial properties. The PVA/starch-10% GSE loaded film showed excellent mechanical properties showing highest 1344 ± 0.7% elongation at break but poor optical transparency with 53.8% to 68.61%. The Scanning Electron Microscopic study reveals the good compatibility between the PVA, Starch, and GSE. The gas permeability test reveals that the prepared films have shown good resistance to the O 2 permeability 0.0326-0.316 Barrer at 20 kg/cm 2 feed pressure for the prepared membranes showing excellent performance. By adding the little amount of GSE into the PVA/starch blend membranes showed promising antimicrobial efficacy against MNV-1. For 4 h. incubation, PVA/starch blend membranes containing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% GSE caused MNV-1 reductions of 0.92, 1.89, and 2.27 log PFU/ml, respectively. Similarly, after 24 h, the 5% and 10% GSE membranes reduced MNV-1 titers by 1.90 and 3.26 log PFU/ml, respectively. Antimicrobial tests have shown excellent performance to resist microorganisms. The water uptake capacity of the membrane is found 72% for the PVA/starch pristine membrane and is reduced to 32% for the 10% GSE embedded membrane. Since the current pandemic situation due to COVID-19 occurred by SARSCOV2, the prepared GSE incorporated polymeric blend films are the rays of hope in the packaging of food stuff., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors herewith declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this research article., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

A common variant of accessory muscles in the anterior forearm is the Gantzer's muscle (GM). GM arises as a muscle belly from flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) or ulnar coronoid process to merge distally with the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle. In the present case report, we describe a novel accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of the forearm. The proximal attachment was tendinous and came from three sources: FDS muscle, ulnar coronoid process, and the medial aspect of the proximal radius. The distal tendon of the novel accessory muscle ran parallel to FPL, passed through the carpal tunnel, and entered the palmar aspect of the hand. In the hand, the tendon thinned out and blended with the tenosynovium of the FPL, contributing to the sheath around the FPL tendon. This accessory muscle of the FPL is comparable to the frequently documented GM; however, the present case exhibited fundamental nuances that distinguish it from the previously described iterations of the GM in the following ways: 1) The novel accessory muscle is tendinous from its proximal origin and throughout the upper one-third of the forearm, and one component of its origin arose from the medial aspect of the radius. GMs with an origin on the radius have not been previously reported. 2) In the middle one-third, the tendinous proximal attachment transitioned to a muscle belly that passed through the carpal tunnel and entered the hand. 3) In the hand, the novel tendon widened, thinned, and merged with the tenosynovium of the FPL. Accessory muscles are a common finding in the anterior forearm during cadaveric dissection. In patients, they can be the cause of neuropathies due to compression of the anterior interosseous nerve. Awareness of variations is also important for clinicians who examine the forearm and hand, as well as hand surgeons.

Most melanoma-associated deaths result from the early development of metastasis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression on nontumor cells is well known to contribute to tumor development and metastatic progression. The role of TLR4 expression on tumor cells however is less well understood. Here we describe TLR4 as a driver of tumor progression and metastatic spread of melanoma cells by employing a transplantable mouse melanoma model. HCmel12 melanoma cells lacking functional TLR4 showed increased sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor α induced cell killing in vitro compared to cells with intact TLR4. Interestingly, TLR4 knockout melanoma cells also showed impaired migratory capacity in vitro and a significantly reduced ability to metastasize to the lungs after subcutaneous transplantation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that activation of TLR4 also promotes migration in a subset of human melanoma cell lines. Our work describes TLR4 as an important mediator of melanoma migration and metastasis and provides a rationale for therapeutic inhibition of TLR4 in melanoma., (© 2021 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.)

Objectives: Type I interferons are evolutionally conserved cytokines, with broad antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions. Despite well-characterised role in spontaneous cancer immunosurveillance, the function of type I IFNs in cancer immunotherapy remains incompletely understood., Methods: We utilised genetic mouse models to explore the role of the type I IFN system in CD8 + T-cell immunotherapy targeting the melanocytic lineage antigen gp100., Results: The therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells was found to depend on a functional type I IFN system in myeloid immune cells. Compromised type I IFN signalling in myeloid immune cells did not prevent expansion, tumor infiltration or effector function of melanoma-specific Pmel-1 CD8 + T cells. However, melanomas growing in globally (Ifnar1 -/- ) or conditionally (Ifnar1 ΔLysM ) type I IFN system-deficient mice displayed increased myeloid infiltration, hypoxia and melanoma cell dedifferentiation. Mechanistically, hypoxia was found to induce dedifferentiation and loss of the gp100 target antigen in melanoma cells and type I IFN could directly inhibit the inflammatory activation of myeloid cells. Unexpectedly, the immunotherapy induced significant reduction in tumor blood vessel density and whereas host type I IFN system was not required for the vasculosculpting, it promoted vessel permeability., Conclusion: Our results substantiate a complex and plastic phenotypic interconnection between melanoma and myeloid cells in the context of T-cell immunotherapy. Type I IFN signalling in myeloid cells was identified as a key regulator of the balance between antitumor immunity and disease-promoting inflammation, thus supporting the development of novel combinatorial immunotherapies targeting this immune cell compartment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.)

Background: The opioid crisis in the United States has led to increasing hospitalizations for drug use-associated infective endocarditis (DUA-IE). Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), the preferred modality for intravenous antibiotics for infective endocarditis, has demonstrated similar outcomes among patients with DUA-IE versus non-DUA-IE, but current studies suffer selection bias. The utilization of OPAT for DUA-IE more generally is not well studied., Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared OPAT use for DUA-IE versus non-DUA-IE in adults hospitalized between January 1, 2015 and September 1, 2019 at 3 urban hospitals. We used multivariable regression analysis to assess the association between DUA-IE and discharge with OPAT, adjusting for clinically significant covariables., Results: The cohort included 518 patients (126 DUA-IE, 392 non-DUA-IE). Compared to those with non-DUA-IE, DUA-IE patients were younger (53.0 vs 68.2 years, P  < .001) and more commonly undomiciled (9.5% vs 0.3%, P  < .01). Patients with DUA-IE had a significantly lower odds of discharge with OPAT than non-DUA-IE patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.39). Odds of discharge with OPAT remained lower for patients with DUA-IE after excluding undomiciled patients (aOR = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.11-0.43) and those with patient-directed discharges (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.52)., Conclusions: Significantly fewer patients with DUA-IE were discharged with OPAT compared to those with non-DUA-IE, and undomiciled patients or patient-directed discharges did not fully account for this difference. Efforts to increase OPAT utilization among patients with DUA-IE could have important benefits for patients and the healthcare system., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Background: It is unclear how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) should be interpreted in the context of sharing of genomic information between family members., Methods: The authors analyzed the HIPAA Privacy Rule, reviewed the literature and constructed a clinical scenario to inform how HIPAA can be interpreted for multiple forms of patient- and provider-mediated genetic risk notification., Results: Under HIPAA, healthcare providers can lawfully notify relatives to recommend genetic risk assessment using multiple approaches, including supporting the patient telling their own relatives, contacting relatives directly with the patient's authorization, or contacting a relative's provider directly., Conclusions: Multiple forms of patient- or provider-mediated contact of relatives are already legally permissible under HIPAA, are consistent with ethical obligations of care to patients and their families, and could result in improved population health through identification of clinically actionable disease risk. Unanswered questions remain about implementation and impacts of provider-mediated programs., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Duke University School of Law, Harvard Law School, Oxford University Press, and Stanford Law School. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Somatic gain-of-function mutations of GNAQ and GNA11 , which encode α subunits of heterotrimeric Gα q/11 proteins, occur in about 85% of cases of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common cancer of the adult eye. Molecular therapies to directly target these oncoproteins are lacking, and current treatment options rely on radiation, surgery, or inhibition of effector molecules downstream of these G proteins. A hallmark feature of oncogenic Gα q/11 proteins is their reduced intrinsic rate of hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which results in their accumulation in the GTP-bound, active state. Here, we report that the cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) directly interacted with GTPase-deficient Gα q/11 proteins and preferentially inhibited mitogenic ERK signaling rather than canonical phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) signaling driven by these oncogenes. Thereby, FR suppressed the proliferation of melanoma cells in culture and inhibited the growth of Gα q -driven UM mouse xenografts in vivo. In contrast, FR did not affect tumor growth when xenografts carried mutated B-Raf V600E as the oncogenic driver. Because FR enabled suppression of malignant traits in cancer cells that are driven by activating mutations at codon 209 in Gα q/11 proteins, we envision that similar approaches could be taken to blunt the signaling of non-Gα q/11 G proteins., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET are currently used in the clinic to target oncogenic signaling in tumor cells. We found that concomitant c-MET inhibition promoted adoptive T cell transfer and checkpoint immunotherapies in murine cancer models by increasing effector T cell infiltration in tumors. This therapeutic effect was independent of tumor cell-intrinsic c-MET dependence. Mechanistically, c-MET inhibition impaired the reactive mobilization and recruitment of neutrophils into tumors and draining lymph nodes in response to cytotoxic immunotherapies. In the absence of c-MET inhibition, neutrophils recruited to T cell-inflamed microenvironments rapidly acquired immunosuppressive properties, restraining T cell expansion and effector functions. In cancer patients, high serum levels of the c-MET ligand HGF correlated with increasing neutrophil counts and poor responses to checkpoint blockade therapies. Our findings reveal a role for the HGF/c-MET pathway in neutrophil recruitment and function and suggest that c-MET inhibitor co-treatment may improve responses to cancer immunotherapy in settings beyond c-MET-dependent tumors., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)