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The study was aimed to investigate the production and characterization of xylanase from Trichoderma viride by determining the optimum condition of xylanase immobilization using sea sand matrix. The parameters were shaking time variations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours and xylanase concentration of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5mg/mL. Xylanase was purified by ammonium sulfate using the optimum fraction of 40-80%. The optimum shaking time for immobilization of xylanase was reached in 4 h, and the optimum xylanase concentration was obtained in 4.5 mg/mL, with immobilized xylanase activity of 118.55 µg.g-1.min-1 and adsorbed xylanase amount in sea sand matrix of 20.51 mg. Immobilized xylanase can be used up to 4 times, with the percentage of 62.47%. The surface characterization of immobilized xylanase was conducted using SEM. The FT-IR result obtained peaks at wavenumber 3431.13 and 875.62 cm-1 which indicated the existence of N-H bond from enzyme and the sea sand bind with enzyme, respectively.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem penentu pemberian penetapan Objek wisata terbaik. Sistem penentu pemberian penetapan Objek wisata terbaik berdasar kriteria internal dan eksternal Dari metode yan gpernah dilakukan masih didapatkan ketidakpastian penilaian yang terlalu subjektif. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan metode penyeleksian penentuan Objek wisata agar mendapatkan hasil yang lebih dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Perancangan sistem pendukung keputusan ini menggunakan metode fuzzy analytic hierarchy process dalam memberikan pertimbangan kepada masyarakat untuk menentukan tujuan objek wisata. Metode Fuzzy AHP (F-AHP) merupakan penggabungan metode AHP dan pendekatan fuzzy. Metode F-AHP menutupi kekurangan pada AHP dalam menangani ketidakpastian penilaian yang terlalu subjektif untuk data kualitatif. Metode F-AHP menggunakan penilaian dalam interval sehingga data yang kualitatif dapat memberikan penilaian yang lebih obyektif. Inti dari F-AHP terletak pada perbandingan berpasangan yang digambarkan dengan skala rasio yang berhubungan dengan skala fuzzy. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan, hasil dari sistem berupa rancangan aplikasi dari system keputusan peranking kandidat Objek wisata pantai terbaik perhitungan nilai prioritas dan skala fuzzy AHP. Kata kunci: objek wisata, internal, eksternal, metode fuzzy AHP (F-AHP).

Saat ini menjadi wirausaha menjadi pilihan sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari peran pemerintah yang terus berusaha mendorong munculnya wirausaha-wirausaha baru sebagai motor pendorong perekonomian. Namun ketika memulai membuka usaha, banyak dari calon pengusaha yang menjadikan modal sebagai penghambat karena merasa tidak memiliki modal yang cukup. Padahal sebenarnya, untuk menjalankan usaha bukanlah modal materi yang terpenting akan tetapi modal non-materi seperti ilmu manajemen pemasaran dengan teori bauran pemasaran (marketing mix)(1). Sedangkan alat pemasaran tersebut dikenal dengan istilah “4P” dan dikembangkan menjadi “7P” yang dipakai sangat tepat untuk pemasaran jasa yaitu : Produk (product) , Harga (price) , Tempat/distribusi (place), Promosi (promotion), Orang (people), Bukti fisik (physical evidence) dan Proses (process). Metode Electre dikembangkan dengan cara konsep perankingan (2), yaitu dengan menggunakan perbandingan berpasangan antar alternatif pada kriteria yang sesuai. Suatu alternatif dikatakan mendominasi alternatif lainnya jika satu atau lebih kriterianya melebihi dibandingkan dengan kriteria dari alternatif yang lain dan sama dengan kriteria lain yang tersisa. Metode ELECTRE dipilih karena metode ini sangat cocok dengan permasalahan di atas, yaitu dapat melakukan penilaian dan perankingan berdasarkan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing alternatif usaha jasa melalui perbandingan berpasangan antar alternatif usaha jasa pada kriteria Faktor “7P” yang telah dipilih oleh masing-masing calon pengusaha. Kata kunci: electre, usaha, jasa, pemasaran.

A field experiment was conducted in the upland of Muneng Probolinggo during early dry season (April – June 2015) to study the effect of manure and inorganic fertilizers on vegetative, generative growth, nutrient, and secondary metabolite contents of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). The treatments consisted of (1) no fertilizer, (2) 10.4, 18, 60 kg of N, P, K ha-1, (3) 22.5: 22.5: 22.5 kg of NPK ha-1, (4) 5000 kg ha-1 manure, and (5) 11.25:11.25:11.25 kg of NPK ha-1 + 2500 kg ha-1 manure. These treatments were arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. Application of manure, inorganic fertilizer, and its combination significantly stimulated several vegetative characters especially number of nodes, number of clusters, fresh weight of biomass, and number of nodules. At the generative characters, application of manure and inorganic fertilizers also significantly increased pod dry weight and grain dry weight. Among all treatments, NPK inorganic fertilizer (T2) gave the highest vegetative and generative growth which was shown on biomass fresh weight, pod dry weight and grain dry weight per plant. NPK fertilizer and manure applications increased total flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity. This combination treatment therefore, could be suggested in mungbean cultivation to increase seed quality.

Background: Coronary heart disease is a major health problem in almost every country in the world and contributes to about 30% of all deaths worldwide. Proper diagnosis in patients with coronary heart disease will determine the accuracy of the procedure and will affect the patient's healing and prognosis. Purpose : This study aims to describe the picture of ECG and coronary angiography in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods : The design of this study was descriptive with the patient population of coronary heart disease in the cardiac catheterization room of RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung. The sample size was 35 respondents taken with acidental sampling. The variables in this study are ECG image and coronary angiography results. Methods of data collection using observation sheet. The results showed 13 respondents (37.14%) results of ECG image injuri. While the results of angiography showed 27 (77.14%) of respondents there was a significant stenosis. Result : The result of research also got difference of result between ECG image and Coronary angiography where the respondent that picture ECG and Coronary Angiography fit as many as 23 respondent whereas between ECG picture and Coronary Angiography not suitable as much 12 respondents. Conclusion : In accordance with the number of accuracy of ECG in diagnosing coronary heart disease patients who ranged between 55% while in angiography accuracy rate 99% then can be drawn conclusion diagnostic patients with coronary heart disease using EKG can be a mistake of diagnosis by 45% compared angiografi which only 1%

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of risks consisting of credit risk (NPL/NPF), capital risk (CAR), liquidity risk (LDR/FDR), and operating risk (OEOI) on rural banking performance as measured by return on assets ROA), the differences in risk and performance of Islamic Rural Banking (IRB) and Conventions Rural Banking (CRB). The population is all banking in Indonesia whether operating in Islamic or conventionally with purposive sampling method. The results showed that NPL in CRB had not significant effect, while NPF IRB had negative significant effect on performance. In contrast, CAR on Islamic Rural Banks had not significant effect, while CAR of conventional rural banking has positive significant effect on performance. Liquidity risks (LDR/FDR), both IRB and CRB have positive significant impact on performance. While the operational risk (OEOI) has a negative significant effect on the performance of CRB as well as IRB. Differential test results indicate that there are significant differences between CRB and IRB in terms of profitability (ROA), credit risk (NPL / NPF), liquidity risk (LDR / FDR) risk, and operating risk (BOPO).

Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan: (1) tingkat berpikir soal ujian, (2) pe­mahaman guru tentang tingkat berpikir soal ujian, dan (3) hubungan peng­alam­an kerja dengan pemahaman guru tentang tingkat berpikir. Teknik pe­ngum­pulan data meng­gunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik des­kriptif persentase dan korelasi Product Moment. Hasil penelitian me­nun­juk­­kan: (1) soal ujian yang dibuat guru terdiri 55,03% tingkat berpikir mengingat (C1), 23,97% memahami (C2), 20,28% aplikasi (C3), dan 0,72% analisis (C4); (2) pe­­ma­ham­an guru terhadap tingkat berpikir soal ujian yang disusun adalah C1= 90,37%, C2= 50,69%, C3= 92,11%, dan C4= 50,43%; (3) terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan pengalaman kerja dengan pemahaman guru tentang tingkat berpikir soal ujian, dengan r = 0,48 dan sig. 1-tailed = 0,00.

Objective: To analyze the inhibitory effect of genistein on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Methods: A total of 36 female mice were divided into six groups (n=6 in each group): control group (untreated mice), endometriosis mice group, and endometriosis mice groups administered with genistein at different doses (1.30 mg/day; 1.95 mg/day; 2.60 mg/day; and 3.25 mg/day). The genistein treatment was performed for 14 d. The expressions of NF-κB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 on the endometriosis lesions were analyzed by the immunohistochemical technique. Results: The activity of NF-κB in the endometriosis group increased significantly than that of the control group (P0.05). The four doses of genistein administration were capable of significantly reducing the expression of MMP-2 compared to that of the endometriosis group (P0.05). Administration of genistein at different doses was capable of significantly reducing the expression of MMP-9 compared to that of the endometriosis group (P0.05). Conclusions: Genistein suppresses the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through suppressing NF-κB activity in the peritoneum of murine model of endometriosis.

PT Mapan Wijaya adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi plywood. Plywood merupakan material papan yang tersusun dari beberapa lapis kayu melalui proses perekatan dan pemampatan tekanan tinggi. Harga pasar produk plywood sangat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku konsumen, jika daya konsumtif turun maka dapat terjadi penurunan harga pasar dan sebaliknya. PT. Mapan Wijaya dalam menentukan harga produk plywood hanya mengikuti keadaan harga pasar, tanpa mempertimbangkan informasi mengenai biaya produksi. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perusahaan tidak bisa mengetahui besarnya keuntungan secara pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan harga produk plywood secara lebih akurat dengan mempertimbangkan informasi-informasi biaya di dalam proses produksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Activity Based Costing (ABC) System dengan melakukan 7 langkah, yaitu: mengidentifikasi produk yang menjadi obyek biaya, menghitung biaya langsung produk plywood, memilih dasar pengalokasian biaya yang akan digunakan untuk mengalokasikan biaya tidak langsung ke produk plywood, mengidentifikasi biaya tidak langsung yang berkaitan dengan setiap dasar alokasi biaya, menghitung tarif per kubik dasar alokasi biaya guna mengalokasikan biaya tidak langsung ke produk, menghitung biaya tidak langsung yang dialokasikan ke produk plywood dan menghitung total biaya produk dengan menjumlahkan semua biaya. Harga produk plywood dengan menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC) System yang mempertimbangkan informasi-informasi dalam proses produksi adalah sebesar Rp 3.426.550,45 per meter kubik.

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang bulan Oktober-November 2016. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji produksi protein total dan kecernaan protein dari daun kelor secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu persiapan, uji in vitro dan analisis. Materi yang digunakan yaitu cairan rumen kambing peranakan etawa (PE), daun kelor dan daun lamtoro yang digunakan sebagai pembanding uji T-test. Produksi protein total di analisis dengan metode Tilley dan Terry tahap 1, sedangkan kecernaan protein di analisis menggunakan metode Tilley dan Terry 2 tahap. Analisis protein menggunakan metode Kjeldhal 1883 menurut (AOAC, 2005). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah produksi protein total daun kelor tidak berbeda (p?0,05) dibandingkan dengan daun lamtoro (377,60 mg/g vs 478,92 mg/g). Kecernaan protein daun kelor nyata lebih tinggi (p?0,05) dibandingkan dengan daun lamtoro (64,29% vs 50,74%). Simpulan dari hasil penelitian adalah daun kelor mempunyai kualitas yang baik dibandingkan daun lamtoro karena memiliki kecernaan yang tinggi pasca rumen. Kata kunci: kelor, in vitro, produksi protein total, protein

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of company’s ownership through pyramid structure, and related party transaction disclousure, on expropriation practices, with corporate governance as moderating variable. The concept of expropriation in this study is measured by related party transaction assets, liabilities (RPT AL) and related party transaction sales, expenses (RPT SE). Analytical technique used is hierarchical regression analysis for testing hypotheses developed in this study. Research population is a manufacturing company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during years 2014-2016, and the sample is selected using purposive sampling method. The results of this study fails to prove effect of company’s ownership through pyramid structure, and related party transaction disclousure on expropriation practices. Furthermore, this study indicates the corporate governance can to increase the level of related party transactions disclosure, but has not been to reduce the expropriation practices caused by company’s ownership through pyramid structure. This study contributes to the theory of agency type II which discusses conflict of interest between controlling and non-controlling shareholders, especially the problem of information asymmetry, which can be minimized by the role of corporate governance.

Abstract: This study aims to develop: (1) a tool for assessing the ability to develop lesson plan with integrated thematic approach and scientific approach (APKM1), and (2) assesment tool for applying thematic learning with integrated thematic approach and scientific approach (APKM2). Research design using research and development. The subjects of this research are PGSD students, PGSD lecturers, and elementary school teachers. Data collected by questionnaire. The analysis used to analyze the result data is descriptive statistic. The results of this study indicate that (1) APKM1 is very feasible to be used as an assessment instrument of the lesson plan; (2) APKM2 is very feasible to be used as an assessment instrument for the implementation of learning. Keywords: assessment tool, teaching, thematic integrated, scientific approach. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan: (1) alat penilaian kemampuan menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan tematik terpadu dan pendekatan saintifik (APKM1), dan (2) alat penilaian kemampuan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan tematik terpadu dan pendekatan saintifik (APKM2). Desain penelitian menggunakan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Subyek coba penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGSD, dosen PGSD, dan guru SD. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket. Analisis yang digunakan untuk menganalis data hasil penelitian adalah statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) APKM1 sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran; (2) APKM2 sangat layak untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: alat penilaian, mengajar, tematik terpadu, pendekatan saintifik.