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105. Estimating the Population Prevalence of Injection Drug Use and Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Injection Drug Users in Glasgow, Scotland

Author

Frischer, Martin, primary, Leyland, Alastair, additional, Cormack, Richard, additional, Goldberg, David J., additional, Bloor, Michael, additional, Green, Stephen T., additional, Taylor, Avril, additional, Covell, Robert, additional, McKeganey, Neil, additional, and Platt, Stephen, additional

Published
1993
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112. Needlework: the career of the female intravenous drug user

Author

Taylor, Avril and Taylor, Avril

Abstract

This thesis provides an account of the lives and experiences of a group of female intravenous drug users in Glasgow. Based on fifteen months' participant observation of the women in their own setting and in-depth interviews carried out at the end of this period, it is the first full ethnographic account of the lifestyle of female drug users. It charts their entry into drugs, the various ways in which they provide for their drug use, their relationships with friends, partners, family members and children as well as attitudes towards professionals such as Social Workers with whom they come into contact by virtue of their status as drug using mothers. Finally, the efforts the women make to give up their use of drugs are examined along with the reasons which make these endeavours difficult. The evidence suggests that, ironically, the lifestyle which evolves around their use of drugs offers an arena in which the women are able to find a degree of independence and purpose otherwise lacking in their lives and which makes their drug using lifestyle attractive even when disadvantages become apparent.

113. Needlework: the career of the female intravenous drug user

Author

Taylor, Avril and Taylor, Avril

Abstract

This thesis provides an account of the lives and experiences of a group of female intravenous drug users in Glasgow. Based on fifteen months' participant observation of the women in their own setting and in-depth interviews carried out at the end of this period, it is the first full ethnographic account of the lifestyle of female drug users. It charts their entry into drugs, the various ways in which they provide for their drug use, their relationships with friends, partners, family members and children as well as attitudes towards professionals such as Social Workers with whom they come into contact by virtue of their status as drug using mothers. Finally, the efforts the women make to give up their use of drugs are examined along with the reasons which make these endeavours difficult. The evidence suggests that, ironically, the lifestyle which evolves around their use of drugs offers an arena in which the women are able to find a degree of independence and purpose otherwise lacking in their lives and which makes their drug using lifestyle attractive even when disadvantages become apparent.

114. Needlework: the career of the female intravenous drug user

Author

Taylor, Avril and Taylor, Avril

Abstract

This thesis provides an account of the lives and experiences of a group of female intravenous drug users in Glasgow. Based on fifteen months' participant observation of the women in their own setting and in-depth interviews carried out at the end of this period, it is the first full ethnographic account of the lifestyle of female drug users. It charts their entry into drugs, the various ways in which they provide for their drug use, their relationships with friends, partners, family members and children as well as attitudes towards professionals such as Social Workers with whom they come into contact by virtue of their status as drug using mothers. Finally, the efforts the women make to give up their use of drugs are examined along with the reasons which make these endeavours difficult. The evidence suggests that, ironically, the lifestyle which evolves around their use of drugs offers an arena in which the women are able to find a degree of independence and purpose otherwise lacking in their lives and which makes their drug using lifestyle attractive even when disadvantages become apparent.

116. Women IV drug users defy stereotypes, study finds

Author

Taylor, Avril

Subjects
Women -- Drug use -- Behavior, Drug addicts -- Behavior, Stereotype (Psychology) -- Measurement, Health, Psychology and mental health, Drug use, Measurement, Behavior
Abstract

A participant observation study of IV drug users conducted in Glasgow, Scotland, refutes the preconception that women drug addicts are socially inadequate or dependent upon their male partners. According to [...]

Published
1998

120. Leg ulceration in young people who inject drugs : causative factors, and how harm may be reduced : a mixed methods approach

Author

Coull, Alison Frances, Watterson, Andrew, Taylor, Avril, and Atherton, Iain

Subjects
616.5, Leg ulcer, PWID, Injectors, wounds, mixed methods, harm reduction, venous disease, drugs, people who inject drugs, IVDU, intravenous drug use, Leg--Ulcers, Drug abuse, Blood-vessels--Diseases
Abstract

The thesis explores chronic leg ulceration experienced by young people who inject drugs (PWID). The applied health research study, in two phases, used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Phase 1 involved a survey of 200 people who injected drugs to investigate the prevalence of skin problems and leg ulceration, together with the identification of risk factors for ulceration. Phase 2 involved a series of fifteen qualitative semi-structured interviews that explored the results relating to risk factors with a sample of PWID who had experienced leg ulceration, and investigated participants’ perceptions of appropriate harm reduction methods. Main findings There were three research questions in this study: 1) What is the extent of skin problems and chronic leg ulceration in young people who inject drugs? The study identified a high prevalence of leg ulceration as 15%. 60% of the sample had experienced a skin problem. Each reported skin complication is clearly defined. 2) What causes chronic leg ulceration in young people who inject drugs? Leg ulceration experienced by PWID in this study was directly linked to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as well as injecting in the groin and the leg. DVT was strongly associated with groin and leg injecting. The acceptance amongst injectors of the groin and leg as a site of choice has occurred with a lack of awareness of the long-term consequences of damage to the limb. 3) What are appropriate harm reduction measures in young people who inject drugs? Harm reduction methods related to the development of leg ulceration have been absent across schools and drug services. Training for healthcare workers which enables them to identify risk factors should be developed, and harm reduction information related to leg ulceration should be included in drug education within schools, and instigated within drugs services. This applied health research has led to a number of practice-focused recommendations surrounding clinical care including early detection of venous insufficiency and accessible services to prevent, assess, and treat venous disease in PWID. The original contribution to knowledge is three-fold: 1. Leg ulcers have been found to be highly prevalent in young people who inject drugs. 2. Ulceration is predominantly caused by venous thrombosis due to injecting in the legs or groin. 3. Harm reduction related to the development of venous disease has lacked impact and effect.

Published
2016

121. Incarceration history is associated with HIV infection among community-recruited people who inject drugs in Europe: A propensity-score matched analysis of cross-sectional studies.

Author

Uusküla A, Rannap J, Weijler L, Abagiu A, Arendt V, Barrio G, Barros H, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Casabona J, Croes E, Jarlais DD, Seguin-Devaux C, Dudás M, Eritsyan K, Folch C, Hatzakis A, Heimer R, Heinsbroek E, Hope V, Jipa R, Ķīvīte-Urtāne A, Levina O, Lyubimova A, Malczewski A, Matser A, McAuley A, Meireles P, Mravčík V, Op de Coul E, Ojavee SE, Parés-Badell O, Prins M, Pulido J, Romanyak E, Rosinska M, Seyler T, Stone J, Sypsa V, Talu A, Tarján A, Taylor A, Vickerman P, Vorobjov S, Dolan K, and Wiessing L

Subjects
Humans, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Propensity Score, Europe epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, Drug Users, Substance Abuse, Intravenous epidemiology, HIV Seropositivity
Abstract

Aims: We measured the association between a history of incarceration and HIV positivity among people who inject drugs (PWID) across Europe., Design, Setting and Participants: This was a cross-sectional, multi-site, multi-year propensity-score matched analysis conducted in Europe. Participants comprised community-recruited PWID who reported a recent injection (within the last 12 months)., Measurements: Data on incarceration history, demographics, substance use, sexual behavior and harm reduction service use originated from cross-sectional studies among PWID in Europe. Our primary outcome was HIV status. Generalized linear mixed models and propensity-score matching were used to compare HIV status between ever- and never-incarcerated PWID., Findings: Among 43 807 PWID from 82 studies surveyed (in 22 sites and 13 countries), 58.7% reported having ever been in prison and 7.16% (n = 3099) tested HIV-positive. Incarceration was associated with 30% higher odds of HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.59]; the association between a history of incarceration and HIV infection was strongest among PWID, with the lowest estimated propensity-score for having a history of incarceration (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.47-2.16). Additionally, mainly injecting cocaine and/or opioids (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.33-3.53), increased duration of injecting drugs (per 8 years aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48), ever sharing needles/syringes (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.59-2.28) and increased income inequality among the general population (measured by the Gini index, aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.18-1.51) were associated with a higher odds of HIV infection. Older age (per 8 years aOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94), male sex (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65-0.91) and reporting pharmacies as the main source of clean syringes (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59-0.88) were associated with lower odds of HIV positivity., Conclusions: A history of incarceration appears to be independently associated with HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Europe, with a stronger effect among PWID with lower probability of incarceration., (© 2023 Society for the Study of Addiction.)

Published
2023
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