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Objective: To investigate clinicopathologic features of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and the role of immuno-phenotype and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement detection in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SPB., Methods: A total of 21 cases of SPB were selected during a period from 1990 to 2008. A retrospective clinicopathologic study and immunohistochemistry (EnVision or EliVision methods) of 17 antigens were performed. In addition, universal IgH (FR3A/LJH/VLJH) primers and BIOMED-2 PCR multiplex tubes were used for IgK and IgL rearrangement analysis., Results: The age of patients ranged from 36 to 72 years with a media of 50 years. Axial skeleton was the most common site of involvement, accounting for 66.7% of the cases (14 of 21), followed by the extremities of 33.3% (7 cases). Low serum level of M-components was found in 5 cases, including two of IgG type (21.4 g/L) and three of IgA type. Clinical manifestations were closely related to the anatomic sites involved, such as pain due to bone destruction, symptoms and signs caused by compression of spinal cord or nerve root, and pathological fracture. All cases presented as a solitary osteolytic lesion. According to the histological grading criteria, grade I tumor was seen in 12 of 21 cases (57.1%). The remaining were grade II (5 cases, 23.8%) and grade III (4 cases, 19.0%). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed two or more plasma cell antigens, including CD138, CD38 and PC, but no CD19 and CD20. CD79a expression detected in 23.8%(5/21) of the cases. Expression of CD56, CD27 and CD44v6 were 57.1% (12/21), 15.0% (3/20) and 23.8% (5/21), respectively. Follow-up data were available in 12 of the 21 patients (57.1%). Five patients were alive and 7 died. Three patients developed multiple myeloma (MM) and died of the tumor., Conclusions: SPB is a rare tumor with bone pain as the most common presenting symptom due to bone destruction. The diagnosis of EMP can only be established after exclusion of an extramedullay invasion by MM. Immunophenotype and IgH gene rearrangement analysis play important roles in the diagnosis of SPB.

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widely distributed in aquatic environments. To assess the correlation between their evolutionary relatedness and geographic distribution, we analyzed 239 16S rDNA sequences available in the Genbank, and constructed phylogenetic trees based on the sequences. After elimination of redundant sequences by grouping those with identity > 97% into a single one, we analyzed in detail total 139 16S rDNA sequences, including 55 from marine MTB and 82 from freshwater sequences, and belonging to Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae. Phylogeny analysis based on those sequences suggests that the geographical distribution of MTB has certain regional distribution character: marine MTB is distinct from freshwater MTB, and off coast MTB are remotely related with ocean MTB. In contrast, the MTB from similar habitats, such as offshore in Brazil and the United States or freshwater lakes in Germany and China, are closely related. It is found that similar species have a large geographic distribution and tend to adopt the similar habitats, morphotypes of MTB and their living environment conditions have a significant relevance. This observation suggests that MTB may have multiple evolutionary origins. And also, it suggests the environmental conditions, as an important evolutionary pressure, play an important role in the long-term evolution of MTB.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings and prognosis of precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL)., Methods: One hundred and fifty-three cases of LBL/ALL were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was carried out. The pathologic findings were correlated with Ann Arbor tumor stage, Ki-67 index, other clinical parameters (including mediastinum/bone marrow involvement, hepato-splenomegaly, age and gender of the patients) and the survival data., Results: Staining for TdT and CD99 was positive in 79.1% (121/153 cases) and 96.3% (131/136 cases), respectively. The cases were categorized into three groups according to the immunohistochemical findings, as follows: precursor T-cell, precursor B-cell and undefined. T-LBL/ALL accounted for 69.3% (106/153 cases) of all of the cases. The male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1 (including 75 males and 31 females). The median age at diagnosis was 17.5 years (ranged from 2 years to 68 years). Ninety-two patients (86.8%) presented with peripheral lymphadenopathy and 59 of them (55.7%) had mediastinal masses. Ninety-one cases (85.8%) were in stage III or IV at diagnosis. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates in patients with T-LBL/ALL were 36.1% and 8.1%, respectively. Patients older than 25 years and those presented in stage III or IV suggested a poor prognosis (P = 0.049 and 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, 29 of the 153 cases (19.0%) belonged to B-LBL/ALL. The median age of the patients was 14 years (ranged from 9 months to 75 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1 (including 18 males and 11 females). Seventeen patients (58.6%) presented with peripheral lymphadenopathy and 13 of them (44.8%) had involvement of bone marrow or peripheral blood. Mediastinal involvement was found only in 5 cases (17.2%). Twenty-one patients (72.4%) were in stage III or IV at diagnosis. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 53.3% and 36.7%, respectively. The remaining 11.7% cases (18/153 cases) were categorized as undefined type, with a negative staining for the following immuno-markers including: CD3ε/CD3, CD45RO, CD79a, CD20, MPO, CD5, CD56, cyclin D1, cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The median age of the patients was 15.5 years (ranged from 4 to 53 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1 (including 13 males and 5 females). The percentage of T-LBL/ALL patients with mediastinal masses were significantly higher than that of B-LBL/ALL cases (P = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in prognostic parameters of T-LBL/ALL and B-LBL/ALL (P = 0.07). The difference in median survival time however was statistically significant (6.0 months +/- 1.1 months versus 15.0 months +/- 7.0 months)., Conclusions: Both TdT and CD99 are useful markers for the diagnosis of precursor lymphoblastic malignancy. T-LBL/ALL predominantly affects children or adolescent males and frequently presents with lymphadenopathy and mediastinal masses, whereas B-LBL/ALL are often accompanied by bone marrow and peripheral blood involvement. In general, T-LBL/ALL carries a poor prognosis. The prognostic criteria include age of older than 25 years and a classification of stage III or IV disease.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and prognosis of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP)., Methods: Clinicopathologic analysis, immunohistochemical staining (LSAB and EliVision method) and in situ hybridization for EBER were undertaken in this study., Results: Thirteen cases of LyP were studied, derived from six male and seven female patients with a median age of 26.4 years. The most common presentation was multiple symptomless papules or nodules, involving predominately the extremities and trunks. Histologically, the tumor primarily involved the dermis and subcutaneous layer. Six tumors were type A, one was type B and six were type C. The main infiltration patterns were wedge-shaped, band-like, sheet-like or nodular. There was epidermotropism in eight cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the large tumor cells in all 12 types A and C cases expressed CD30. All 13 cases expressed two to three T-cell associated antigens (CD3, CD5 or CD45RO) and one to three cytotoxic granule associated antigens (TIA-1, GrB or Perforin). All cases expressed CD4, four expressed CD8, and one expressed CD15. Only one case expressed CD20; and all cases were negative for ALK-1. The tumor cells showing epidermotropism had CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(-) phenotype in most cases. Only one case was EBER1/2 positive. Follow up information was available in 12 patients; all were alive at the end of the follow up period., Conclusions: LyP has distinctive clinicopathologic features and immunophenotype with favorable prognosis. In types A and C, the atypical cells showing epidermotropism were similar to those in MF, these cells possess cerebriform and hyperchromatic nuclei. The epidermotropic tumor cells and the CD30(+) large cells may be derived from different clones. EB virus may not be correlated with LyP.

Objective: To investigate the expression differences of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase-3 among colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and normal mucosa, and to identify the relationship between AIF and caspase-3 expression in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence., Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded colorectal tissues from 174 cases, including 84 adenomas, 72 carcinomas, and 18 normal mucosa, were examined for expression of AIF and caspase-3 by streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry., Results: The positive rates of AIF and caspase-3 in colorectal adenoma were higher than those in normal mucosa (P <0.05). The positive rate of AIF in adenoma showed no significant difference compared to colorectal carcinoma (P >0.05). However, caspase-3 expression in adenomas was significantly higher than that in carcinoma (P <0.05). The positive rate of AIF in tubular adenoma was significantly higher than that in villous adenoma (P <0.05), while the positive expression rate of caspase-3 in the two types of adenoma showed no significant difference (P >0.05). AIF expression had no prominent correlation with the caspase-3 expression (P >0.05)., Conclusions: The dysregulation of caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis may be an early event in the development of colorectal carcinogenesis, while the dysregulation of the caspase-dependent pathway of apoptosis may be one of contributing factors of colorectal carcinogenesis. The caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis and the caspase-dependent pathway of apoptosis are two relatively independent pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Objective: To explore the effect of gallic acid extracted from Leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on the apoptosis of BEL-7404 cells., Methods: MTT assay was applied to detect the influence on prolifetation in vitro. Inverted microscope was utilized to observe the morphological changes after BEL-7404 cells were treated with gallic acid. Annexin V/PI double label method was used to detect earlier period apoptosis cells and Tunel was applied to calculate the apoptosis rates., Results: Gallic acid could restrain the BEL-7404 cells proliferation at diffierent levels in a time and concentration dependent manner. The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed after BEL-7404 cells were treated with gallic acid. Annexin V/PI double label method and Tunel method showed that the viable apoptotic cell and apoptosis rates added as action time prolonged., Conclusion: Gallic acid can restrain the BEL-7404 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis, and its effect on apoptosis is time dependent.

Objective: To investigate the effect of magnetron sputtered ZrN on the bonding strength between a low-fusing porcelain (Ti/Vita titankeramik system) and commercially pure cast titanium., Methods: Sixteen specimens were randomly assigned to test group and control group (n=8). The control group received no surface treated. Magnetron sputtered ZrN film was deposited on the surface of specimens in the test group. Then the sixteen titanium-porcelain specimens were prepared in a rectangular shape and went through three-point bending test on a universal test machine. The bond strength of Ti/porcelain was recorded. The phase composition of the specimens was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interface at titanium and porcelain and the titanium surface after debonding were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed using energy depressive spectrum (EDS)., Results: New phase of ZrN was found with XRD in the test group. Statistical analysis showed higher bond strength following ZrN surface treatment in the test group [(45.991+/-0.648) MPa] than that in the control group [(29.483+/-1.007) MPa] (P=0.000). Bonded ceramic could be observed in test group, the amount of bonded ceramic was more than that in the control group. No obvious bonded ceramic in control group was found., Conclusions: Magnetron sputtered ZrN can improve bond strength of Ti/Vita titankeramik system significantly.

Objective: To search for the distinctive diagnostic features of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis in clinical manifestations with methods widely used clinically., Methods: A retrospective study enrolled 33 Crohn's disease and 34 intestinal tuberculosis inpatients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 1996 to 2007. The clinical characteristics and key points of differential diagnosis were analyzed. All the pathological sections were studied again., Results: The total duration of symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was longer than that in patients with intestinal tuberculosis (P < 0.05). The incidence of colectomy is significantly higher in Crohn's disease than in intestinal tuberculosis because of intestinal obstruction or undefined diagnosis (P < 0.05). Hematochezia, extra-intestinal manifestation and ileus occurred significantly more in Crohn's disease than in intestinal tuberculosis (P < 0.05). Night sweating and hypoalbuminemia occurred significantly more in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease (P < 0.05). The positive rate of serum antibodies to mycobacterium and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is higher in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease (P < 0.05). Cobblestone sign and fissure-shape ulcers were only found in Crohn's disease, while circular ulcer occurred significantly more in intestinal tuberculosis (P < 0.05). The involvement of stomach, jejunum or ileum was significantly more in Crohn's disease than in intestinal tuberculosis (P < 0.05).Granulomas were more common in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease (P < 0.05) and the site of granulomas was valuable for differential diagnosis. In all the Crohn's disease specimens, lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria or submucosa were significantly more in surgically resected specimens than in endoscopic biopsies (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: There are definitely some different features between the two diseases. It is essential to review the whole clinical data of the patient. The frequency of granulomas and the distribution of chronic inflammation are identified as histological parameters that can be used to differentiate tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.

Objective: To observe inhibitive effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on expression of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(1-42) protein in SAMP8's brain., Methods: Amount of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(1-42 immuno-positive neurons was detected in parietal cortex and hippocamp in their brains under high power lens (40 x) by immunohistochemistry analysis., Results: PNS could reduce the amount of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(1-42) protein in parietal cortex and hippocamp., Conclusion: PNS can reduce the amount of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(1-42) protein in SAMP8's brain.

Objective: To investigate the expression differences of minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) mRNA and protein among colon adenocarcinoma, colon adenoma and normal mucosa, and among different clinicopathological types of adenomas., Methods: Fifty specimens, including 33 colonic adenomas, 12 colonic adenocarcinomas and 5 normal colonic mucosa were selected. Each specimen was divided into two parts, one for immunohistochemistry and the other for real-time RT-PCR. Expression differences of MCM2 mRNA among the colonic adenocarcinoma, adenoma and normal colonic mucosa were evaluated by REST-XL software., Results: The expression of MCM2 was observed in the basal third to half of the colonic crypts in normal mucosa, while throughout the epithelium in the colonic adenocarcinomas and adenomas. However, the expression of MCM2 mRNA in the adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in the adenomas(P=0.001). The MCM2 mRNA expression was elevated in the adenoma with villous type, in the conditions of high-grade dysplasia, larger size, sessile morphology and in patients of older ages, but the difference was not significant by REST-XL (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The difference of MCM2 expression between the adenoma and the adenocarcinoma indicates its potential value in the early diagnosis of colonic cancer.

Objective: To observe effect and mechanism of n-Butanol lysate of alcohol extracts from Actinidia rufa root (monomer of R6,R8)., Method: Tunel, Wright's stain with Giemsa's stain dyeing, and Hoechst 33258-PI double dyeing assay were used to detect the apoptosis of SGC7901 tumor cells treated with R6, R8. The SGC7901 tumor cells were randomly divided into control group and two treatment groups administered 0.05 g x L(-1) R6, R8, respectively, for 72 h). FCM assay was used to detect the apoptosis. Agarose electrophoresis assay was used to detect DNA strand break of tumor cells and reveal anti-tumor action mechanism., Result: The apoptosis percentage of the tumor cell in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h was (17.08 +/- 2.78)% , (29.68 +/- 2.96)%, (52.46 +/- 3.81)%; (14.75 +/- 2.14)%, (27.35 +/- 3.79)%, (45.64 +/- 5.24)%, respectively, for the treatment group, significantly higher than that in the control group (1.94 +/- 1.55)%, (2.78 +/- 1.84)%, (11.8 +/- 2.79)% (P < 0.01) by tunnel assay. Wright's stain with Giemsa's stain dyeing assay, Hoechst 33258-PI and FCM double dyeing assay showed same action. R6 and R8 had the effect of inducing the DNA histogram of tumor cells (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The anti-tumor mechanisms may be associated with inducing the injury of DNA and stimulating apoptosis.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic implication of immunophenotyping and gene rearrangement in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL)., Methods: According to the selection criteria of 2005 WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas, 20 SPTL patients were enrolled in this study. A 10-antibody panel was used for immunophenotyping and in addition, polymerase chain reaction for TCR gamma and IgH gene rearrangement and in situ hybridization for EBER1/2 were also employed., Results: There were 9 males and 11 female with a mean age of 29.5 years. Immunophenotypic study showed that all the patients expressed one to three T-cell associated antigens (CD2, CD3 or CD45RO), 18 patients were positive for beta F1, 18 for CD8, 20 for TIA-1 and 16 for granzyme B. None of the patients expressed CD4, CD20 and CD56. TCR gamma gene rearrangement was found in 16 of 20 cases (80.0%) and none for IgH gene rearrangement. The positive rate of EBER1/2 was 25.0% (5/20)., Conclusions: Since the majority of SPTL patients show clonal TCR gene rearrangements, correlations among clinical presentation, histological features, immunophenotype and gene rearrangement data are considered important in confirming a diagnosis of SPTL.

The glucose solution was broken down by focusing the 1.064 microm beam of a Nd : YAG laser, and the plasma was produced. The spectral signals were detected by an experimental setup including spectrograph and ICCD. The spectral line at 247.86 nm was identified as the characteristic of glucose by contrasting the spectra of glucose solution and pure water. Comparing the spectral intensities of three kinds of glucose solution with different concentrations (3%, 6% and 9%), the experimental result showed that the bigger the concentration, the stronger the spectral intensity,and the characteristic spectral intensities with the three concentrations present the trend of logarithm increase. At the same concentration, the time evolution curve of the characteristic spectra was obtained by changing the delay time of ICCD. It is concluded that the intensity of the characteristic spectra first increases and then decreases with the delay time. With the glucose solution concentration altering, the decay time of the characteristic spectra is nearly fixed, meaning that the decay time is independent of the concentration. The decay time of the characteristic spectra is about 300 ns. Furthermore, it was found that the characteristic spectral intensities of glucose solution with different concentrations reach the maximum at the same delay time.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a new technology of elementary analysis, and it will be used in coal analysis. The delay time of signal is an important parameter of spectral analysis. A LIBS system was set up and three kinds of coal (Jiangxipingxiang coal, Shanxixishan coal and Guizhoupingzhai coal) were chosen for this investigation. The spectra in the range of 240 to 250 nm and 275 to 290 nm of the each three coal samples are shown and they record several spectral lines of components such as C, Mg and Si according to the NIST database. The temporal evolution of SNR of spectral line was obtained, and the value of SNR increased with the time delay, then decayed. The temporal evolution of SNR was different as the coal, element and spectral line differs. Finally, optimum delay time of each spectral lines of elements in the coal samples was calculated according to the biggest value of signal-to-noise ratio, and the relation between the characteristic of coal, element, spectral line and the op timum delay time was analyzed.

Objective: To study the anti-tumor effect of ADEE and ADBE in mice., Methods: The models of S180 entity tumor mice and H22 bearing tumor mice were established to observe the effect of ADEE and ADBE on inhibiting S180 entity tumor growth and prolonging life time of H22-mice, and the effect on spleen and thymus index to S180 entity tumor., Results: Both ADEE and ADBE had ohvious anti-tumor effects to S180-mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and could prolong H22-mice life (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In certain degree, ADEE and ADBE could improve the immune function of bearing tumor mice., Conclusion: ADEE and ADBE have obvious anti-tumor effect.

Objective: To set up and publicize the thyroid defunctionalization method for the preoperative preparation of hyperthyroid operation., Methods: 476 hyperthyroid patients admitted in our hospital from March 1990 to February 2005 were studied by groups. They were divided randomly into a test group (244 patients), in which "preoperative preparation method of sequential thyroid defunctionalization" was applied to hyperthyroid patients, and based on the different drug dosages and treating terms used, further 4 subgroups (A, B, C and D) were divided to observe the treatment efficiency; And a control group (232 patients), in which antithyroid drugs and iodine preparation were applied preoperatively to cases. Thyroid functions in every stage of treatment were tested by radioimmunoassays (RIA), and operative bleeding volumes and postoperative complications were observed., Results: Compared to the control group, the thyroid congestion and surface varices were alleviated in the test groups, in which the thyroid tissue of subgroup A most closed to euthyroidism histologically. The mean operative bleeding volume of test group was less than that of the control group. The bleeding volumes were (324.76 +/- 163.26) mL for the control group, (195.74 +/- 57.07) mL for the subgroup A, (230.00 +/- 70.81) mL for the subgroup B, (240.47 +/- 80.29) mL for the subgroup C and (314.75 +/- 96.46) mL for the subgroup D. There was no significant difference between the control group and subgroup D, but compared with the subgroup A, B, and C, there was the significant difference between control and treated subgroup (P < 0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the test group was 8.61% (21/244), while that of the control group was 17.24 (40/232). There was statistic difference between two groups (P < 0.005)., Conclusion: The key to "preoperative preparation method of sequential thyroid defunctionalization" is as follows: the synthesis of thyroxin should be fully inhibited to thyroid defunctionalized; sufficient exogenous thyroxin should be supplemented; the term of thyroid function compensation should be long enough. The "preoperative preparation method of sequential thyroid defunctionalization" can decrease perioperational complications effectively and operation risks.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathologic features and diagnosis of splenic T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms., Methods: Nine cases of splenic T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms were collected and studied by morphology, immunophenotyping, EBER in situ hybridization and TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Antibodies used were as follows: CD45RO, CD3epsilon, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, TIA-1, GranzymeB, CD30, Ki-67 and CD20., Results: Among the 9 cases, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) and extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) were both of 4 cases, and the remaining one was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTL, unspecified). Follow up data were available for 7 cases. Five patients including 2 with HSTCL, 2 with extranodal nasal type NK/TCL and one with PTL, unspecified died, with survival times ranged from 1 to 10 months. The other two patients are still alive, one with NK/TCL (two months+) and one with HSTCL (14+ months)., Conclusion: Splenic T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms are a group of uncommon lymphomas with heterogeneous clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis. A definite diagnosis must depend on clinical manifestations, histopathology, immunophenotype and TCR gene rearrangement analysis.

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of splenic lymphangioma., Methods: Eighteen cases of splenic lymphangioma were retrieved from the pathology archives during the period between January 1990 to December 2005. The clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study was performed on the paraffin sections of 16 cases., Results: The age of the patients ranged from 9 to 72 years (median = 40 years). Thirteen patients were males and 5 were females. Clinically, the tumor could be asymptomatic or present with abdominal symptoms and hypersplenism. Follow-up information was available in 13 patients (72.2%) and the duration varied from 5 months to 15 years. All 13 patients had an uneventful clinical course, with no evidence of residual disease, local recurrence or metastasis. Gross examination showed splenic enlargement. The tumor appeared as cystic (8/18), solid (5/18) or honeycomb mass (5/18), either solitary (5/18) or multifocal (13/18). Histologically, splenic lymphangioma could be subclassified as cavernous (9/18), cystic (5/18) or mixed (4/18). Immunohistochemical study showed that the positivity rates for CD9 and D2-40 were 100% and 43.8% respectively., Conclusions: Splenic lymphangioma is a rarely encountered entity that can be misdiagnosed as a splenic hemangioma. A definite diagnosis depends on pathologic examination.

Objective: To observe the effects of extracts from root of Livistona chinensis on the growth inhibition in seven carcinoma cell lines., Methods: The growth inhibition was analyzed by MTT, cell colony and cell growth curve measuremen technique in the stomach carcinoma SGC7901, Lymphocytic leukemia L1210, Lymphoid neoplasm P388D1, tumor of cervix uteri Hela, hepar carcinoma hele 7404, melanoma B16 and mouse neuroblastomax rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells lines., Results: The growth of all tumor cells were inhibited by ethyl acetate of alcohol extract from roots of Livistona chinensis. The growth of all tumor cells were not affected by low dose extracts (0.5 microg/ml). The growth of all tumor cells were obviously inhibited by higher dose extracts (5.0 microg/ml). The growth of all tumor cells were inhibited in growth curve measurement., Conclusion: The results show that ethyl acetate of alcohol extracts from roots Livistona chinensis possesses the role of antitumor in cell culture.

Objective: To investigate the expression of CYR61 and VEGF in extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma and its significance., Methods: CYR61 mRNA and VEGF mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method in 20 cases of extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma. Expressions of CYR61 and VEGF were studied by immunohistochemistry in 40 cases of the tumor., Results: (1) Over-expression of CYR61 mRNA and VEGF mRNA was found in 19/20(95.0% ) and 15/20(75.0% ) cases, respectively. (2)Tumor cells expressing CYR61 protein and VEGF protein were detected in 38(95.0% ) and 25 (62. 5% ) of the 40 cases respectively, being no significant difference from the control. Co-expression of CYR61 and VEGF at both the mRNA and protein levels was 95.0% and 65.0% , respectively. Over-expression of CYR61 and VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels was found in 8 of the 40 cases. (3) The prognosis of the patients over-expressing CYR61 and VEGF was worse., Conclusion: In extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma, the expression level of CYR61 and VEGF was changed and it may be of prognostic implication of

Objective: To investigate the relationship of BCL-10 protein and API2-MALT1 fusion gene in MALT lymphoma., Methods: Specimens from 86 cases of MALT lymphoma were studied by immunohistochemical staining for BCL-10. RT-PCR was used to detect the transcripts of API2-MALT1 fusion gene., Results: In all 10 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis only cytoplasmic BCL-10 expression in lymphoid cells was observed. In 86 MALT lymphoma cases, 42 cases (48. 8%) exhibited BCL-10 expression in both nucleus and cytoplasm. API2-MALT1 fusion gene was detected in 35 cases (40. 7%) of MALT lymphoma. BCL-10 nuclear expression was correlated with API2-MALT1 fusion gene transcript (r = 0. 374,P = 0. 000)., Conclusion: BCL-10 nuclear expression is correlated with API2-MALT1 fusion gene expression in MALT lymphoma.

Objective: To quantitatively detect the expression level of ribosome protein S13 (RPS13) in NK/T cell lymphoma., Methods: The total RNA isolated from the parafin-embedded tissue of NK/T cell lymphoma was reversely transcribed into cDNA. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology method was used to analyze the expression level of RPS13 gene., Results: The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was successfully performed to precisely detect the mRNA level. The expression level of RPS13 gene in tumor tissue of 20 cases of NK/T cell lymphoma was dramatically lower than that in normal peripheral blood lymphocyte of healthy controls., Conclusion: The RPS13 gene has lower expression level in tumor tissue cells of NK/T cell lymphoma than in normal lymphocyte, indicating that it plays an role in the development of the NK/T cell lymphoma.

Based on the traditional knocking-slides and Giemsa-staining methods,this paper firstly analyzed the metaphase chromosomes of five species (D. constricta, D. ohnishii, D. ogumai, D. pseudobaimaii and D. tani) of Drosophila melanogaster species group. The results show that all of the five species share the same chromosomal numbers (2n=8) but with different typical shapes. D. pseudobaimaii and D. tani share the shape 2V, 1R, 1D; D. constricta shows 2V,1R,1D with unclear recognized dot chromosomes; D. ohnishii and D. ogumai share the same chromosomal shapes 2V2R. And that between karyotype and phylogenetic relationships are found to be correspond.

Objective: To compare the detection rate of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) 30 base pair deletion in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma with that in chronic inflammation of nasopharynx and tonsillitis; and to analyze the prognostic significance of LMP1 deletion in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the deletion of LMP1 in 55 cases of extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma and 19 cases of chronic inflammation of nasopharynx and tonsillitis. Follow-up information of 1 to 58-month duration was available in 33 patients., Results: In all the 55 extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma cases studied, 9 cases contained the wide-type or predominantly wide-type LMP1. On the other hand, 46 cases contained the deleted or predominantly deleted LMP1. In the non-lymphoma control group, 16 cases contained the deleted or predominantly deleted LMP1. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the detection rate of 30 base pair deleted LMP1 between extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma and control group (P > 0.05). The prognosis of deleted or predominantly deleted LMP1 in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma was worse., Conclusion: Though 30 base pair deletion of Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 may not be an important pathogenetic step in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma, it may play some role in tumor progression.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of detecting target gene expression and evaluate the expression of homeobox gene HOX11L2 as well as its clinical significance in paraffin-embedded T-lymphoblastic lymphoma T-LBL., Methods: HOX11L2 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) on paraffin-embedded tissues in 54 cases of T-LBL., Results: HOX11L2 expression was observed in 7 cases (13.0%). The age ranged from 5 to 15 years, with a median of 9 years. All of the HOX11L2 expressed patients had prior mediastinal masses, and 5 of them expressed high level of Ki67 antigen (PI> or =80%). Symptoms of CNS invasion were diagnosed in 2 cases. Significant differences in the age ratio (P < 0.05), the level of Ki67 antigen (P < 0.05) and the incidence of mediastinal involvement (P < 0.05) were observed between patients positive or negative for HOX11L2. Patients positive for HOX11L2 had a worse outcome than those negative for HOX11L2, with median survival of 7 and 11.5 month, respectively. No statistic difference was found in sex, clinical stages, CNS and bone marrow involvement between HOX11L2 positive and negative groups., Conclusions: Detection of target gene expression in paraffin-embedded tissues is feasible by RT-PCR or RQ-PCR. HOX11L2 expression was limited in childhood with T-LBL and probably associated with the development and poor prognosis of some pediatric T-LBL patients.

Background: Intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ITCL) is a heterogeneous lymphoid neoplastic group with variable clinical and pathological features. ITCL in oriental countries is different from enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma (ETCL) in relation to celiac disease and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, expression of cytotoxic molecule (TIA-1), T-cell receptor (TCR)-gamma gene rearrangement, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection in primary ITCL without celiac disease in Chinese., Methods: The clinical data of 42 patients were analyzed, and the patients were followed up. Compared with human reactive lymphoid tissues, in situ hybridization for EBER1/2, polymerase chain reaction for TCR-gamma gene rearrangement, and immunohistochemical staining for immunophenotypes, TIA-1 and EBV latent membrane proteins (LMP-1) were investigated. Survival curves of different clinicopathological features, immuno-phenotypes, expression of LMP1, TCR-gamma gene rearrangement and therapy were analyzed., Results: Three fourths of the patients suffered from ITCL in China were men with a peak age incidence in the 4th decade. Common presenting features included fever and hemotochezia. The prognosis was poor with a median survival of 3.0 months. The lesions were mostly localized in the ileocecum and colon. About 38/42 (90.5%) patients demonstrated pleomorphic medium-sized on large cells. Histological features of celiac disease were rarely seen. All 42 patients with ITCL revealed CD45RO positive. Neoplastic cells partially expressed T-cell differentiated antigens (CD3epsilon, CD4, CD8) and NK cell associated antigen (CD56). The positive frequency of CD3epsilon, CD4, CD8 and CD56 was 28/42 (66.7%), 7/42 (16.7%), 10/42 (23.8%) and 12/42 (28.6%) respectively. Thirty-nine cells (92.9%) expressed TIA-1, but none expressed CD20 and CD68. More than half of the patients (64.3%, 64.3% and 59.5%) revealed TCR-gamma gene rearrangement by three different TCR-gamma primers respectively. EBER1/2 was detected in 41 (97.6%) of the 42 patients. The expression frequency of LMP-1 was 38.1% (16/42)., Conclusions: Primary ITCL without celiac disease in Chinese is a special highly EBV-associated clinicopathological entity. There are few similarities in patients with celiac disease in western countries. A small proportion of primary ITCLs in Chinese and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type belong to the same spectrum.

Objective: To assess the stability and variability of the LMP1 gene and protein in nude-mice transplanted tumor models of extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma., Methods: PCR and Western Blot were performed to detect the full-length LMP1 gene and protein expression in the established extranodal nasal type NK/ T-cell lymphoma transplanted tumor models and the tissues of donor tumors. Then the sequence of full-length LMP1 gene in transplanted tumor models and donor were compared with the sequence of wild-type B95. 8 and deletion-type CAO cell strains., Results: LMP1 gene and protein were detected in all the extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma transplanted tumor models, and the full-length LMP1 nucleotide sequence homology with the donor tumor was 99. 76%. It was found in sequencing analysis that LMP1 gene sequence possessed both conservative character and specificity, similar to that of CAO cell strains., Conclusion: LMP1 gene and protein existed stably in the extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma transplanted tumor models, which implied that LMP1 might relate to the maintenance and development of this lymphoma. The nude-mice transplanted tumor models provided an important experimental platform for further studies on the correlation of LMP1 and extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the level of synaptophysin ptotein in brain in rat model with Alzheimer's disease (AD)., Method: The AD rat models were established by intra-peritoneal injection of D-galactose combined with excitatory neurotoxin ibotenic acid injection into bilateral nbM. The activity and content of synaptophysin protein in brain were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis., Result: PNS could reduce the lesion of level of synaptophysin protein in brain, as compared with those of model group's rats., Conclusion: PNS plays a protective role by reducing down of the level of synaptophysin protein in brain in lesion of AD animal model.

Objective: To investigate the expression of B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP)/Pax-5 in lymphomas., Methods: One hundred and two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 3 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, 1 case of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), 10 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and 10 cases of plasmacytoma were studied immunohistochemically for BSAP and CD20., Results: The tumor cells in the 102 cases of DLBCL all expressed CD20, amongst which 100 cases also expressed BSAP. Three cases of FL, 3 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and 1 case of NLPHL also expressed BSAP and CD20. All the ALCLs and plasmacytomas did not express BSAP and CD20. The expression rates of CD20 and BSAP were highly consistent. The intensity of staining showed no statistical significance., Conclusions: BSAP/Pax-5 is a novel B-cell marker expressed in tumor nuclei of B-cell lymphomas. Though less sensitive than CD20, anti-BSAP has diagnostic value in routine surgical pathology practice.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features of small intestinal hemangioma and vascular malformation., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 51 cases of hemangioma and vascular malformation involving the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in the past 30 years., Results: The patient's age ranged from 1.4 to 75.0 years, with an average/median age of 40 years for the 51 cases. The ratio of male and female was almost equal. In most cases, the lesions were located in the ileum (18 cases) and jejunum (16 cases) accounting for 66.7%. The predominant symptoms and signs were either intestinal hemorrhage or obstruction. Grossly, the lesions appeared as polyp-like, ulcerative, varices, solitary mass, diffuse infiltration or in an occult status. Histologically, arteriovenous hemangioma also called arteriovenous malformation was more common seen accounting for 86.3%. Other less common vascular lesions included cavernous hemangioma, capillary hemangioma, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome and Dieulafoy disease., Conclusions: Histologic classification and denomination for hemangioma and vascular malformation of small intestine are still controversial. It is very important to correlate clinical manifestations with arteriography findings in histologic diagnosis of hemanigoma and vascular malformation of the small intestine.

Unlabelled: To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma in the Chengdu area., Methods: The expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and DNA-PCR in 67 cases of extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma, and the differences in survival rate between positive and negative expression groups of LMP1-protien and LMP1-DNA were analyzed respectively., Results: Ten (14.93%) cases were positive at LMP1-protein level, and fifty-six (83.58%) were positive at LMP1-DNA level. The total expression rate of LMP1 was 83.58%. No statistically significant difference was observed between the expression of LMP1 and prognosis (P = 0.678) and between the expression of LMP1-DNA and prognosis (P = 0.943)., Conclusion: LMP1 was shown to be closely associated with extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma in Chengdu. The expression rate of LMP1 at protein level was different from that at DNA level. No relationship was found between the prognosis and the LMP1 expression in extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Objective: To explore the prognostic factors of primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (N-DLBCL)., Methods: According to the 2001 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, 51 cases of primary N-DLBCL were collected for clinical data analysis and immunohistochemical assay. Antibodies used for study were anti-CD20, CD79alpha, CD45RO, CD3, Bcl-2, Ki-67, CD30, CD15, kappa, lambda, Cyclin D1, TdT, GFAP, CK, MPO. The survival data was analyzed., Results: Of the 51 cases of N-DLBCLs, 40 were reclassified as centroblastic, 3 B-immunoblastic, 1 T-cell/histiocytes rich, 2 B-cell anaplastic large cell, 1 plasmablastic, and 4 unclassified. Expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was observed in 24 cases (47.1%). The median Ki-67 index was 50.0% and the index more than 40% was found in 35 cases (68.6%). Survival analysis of 35 cases had follow up data showed that the 2 year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 48.54% and 35.30%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates patients with International Prognosis Index (IPI) >/= 3 was lower than that with IPI < 3 (P < 0.01). The 5-year OS rates for patients with B symptoms was lower than that without B symptoms (P < 0.05). The 5-year OS rates for patients with Ki-67 index more than 40% was lower than that with less than 40% (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 oncoprotein was uncorrelated to prognosis (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: IPI, B symptoms and Ki-67 index are the prognostic factors for patients with N-DLBCL.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL)., Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological study of 96 cases LBL was carried out. Immunohistochemical staining was used for the characterization and immunophenotyping., Results: The patients age ranged from 4 to 72 years, with a median of 16 years, 69 patients were male and 27 female. Seventy-three cases had superficial or multi-lymphoadenopathy and 31 of them had mediastinal masses. Bone marrow was involved in 15 cases. Seventy-three cases were in clinical stages III and IV. The median survival of the followed-up patients was 5.5 (2 approximately 120) months. TdT and CD99 positive reactions were 75.0% and 92.7%, respectively. Of the 96 cases, 78 displayed T-cell marker positivity and 18 B-cell markers. 82.1% of the patients younger than 30 years of age had significantly higher incidences of T-LBL (64 patients), and 93.6% of the patients with mediastinal masses expressed T-cell markers. The poor prognostic factors were T-cell tumors, clinical stages III and IV, Ki-67 PI < 80% and no chemotherapy (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: In children and young males, mediastinal masses with superficial or multi-lymphoadenopathy favors the diagnosis of LBL, but negative TdT reaction can not exclude this diagnosis. T-LBL is more common than B-LBL. Clinical stages, immunophenotypes and the level of Ki-67 expression were closely related with prognosis of LBL.

Objective: To study the clinical, pathological features of severe reflux esophagitis (SRE) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) and search for expression and significance of Ki-67 and COX-2 in their tissues., Methods: Both SRE (n = 15) and BE (n = 25) cases were retrospectively analyzed for clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and pathological features. The expression levels of Ki-67 and COX-2 of esophageal epithelium in the two groups were compared with that of normal esophageal (NE) epithelium (n = 10) by immunoperoxidase staining., Results: It was found that the positivity and staining intensity of Ki-67 expression in SRE and BE were higher than those in normal esophageal epithelium (P<0.01), but there were no statistical differences between these two groups (P>0.05); COX-2 was selectively expressed in some BE epithelium, but not in SRE and normal esophageal epithelium., Conclusion: There were intensified Ki-67 expressions in the epithelium of SRE and BE, which could help us to evaluate the prognosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients clinically by surveillance of Ki-67. COX-2 was selectively expressed in BE epithelium, so COX-2 inhibitors may have the potential for treatment of BE and for chemoprevention of its malignant change.

Objective: To investigate the lineage of the malignant cells in malignant histiocytosis., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction with two groups of common primers for TCR-gamma gene was used to analyze the malignant cells of 28 autopsied cases of malignant histiocytosis., Results: Monoclonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were detected in 12 out of the 28 samples (43%)., Conclusion: Most cases diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis in Southwest China seems to be peripheral T-cell lymphomas.