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301. Retinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of HCN1 Genetic Epilepsy

Author

Zhao, D, Pinares-Garcia, P, McKenzie, CE, Bleakley, LE, Forster, IC, Wong, VHY, Nguyen, CTO, Scheffer, IE, Reid, CA, Bui, B, Zhao, D, Pinares-Garcia, P, McKenzie, CE, Bleakley, LE, Forster, IC, Wong, VHY, Nguyen, CTO, Scheffer, IE, Reid, CA, and Bui, B

Abstract

Pathogenic variants in HCN1 are associated with a range of epilepsy syndromes including a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The recurrent de novo HCN1 pathogenic variant (M305L) results in a cation leak, allowing the flux of excitatory ions at potentials where the wild-type channels are closed. The Hcn1M294L mouse recapitulates patient seizure and behavioral phenotypes. As HCN1 channels are highly expressed in rod and cone photoreceptor inner segments, where they shape the light response, mutated channels are likely to impact visual function. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings from male and female mice Hcn1M294L mice revealed a significant decrease in the photoreceptor sensitivity to light, as well as attenuated bipolar cell (P2) and retinal ganglion cell responses. Hcn1M294L mice also showed attenuated ERG responses to flickering lights. ERG abnormalities are consistent with the response recorded from a single female human subject. There was no impact of the variant on the structure or expression of the Hcn1 protein in the retina. In silico modeling of photoreceptors revealed that the mutated HCN1 channel dramatically reduced light-induced hyperpolarization, resulting in more Ca2+ flux during the response when compared with the wild-type situation. We propose that the light-induced change in glutamate release from photoreceptors during a stimulus will be diminished, significantly blunting the dynamic range of this response. Our data highlight the importance of HCN1 channels to retinal function and suggest that patients with HCN1 pathogenic variants are likely to have a dramatically reduced sensitivity to light and a limited ability to process temporal information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Pathogenic variants in HCN1 are emerging as an important cause of catastrophic epilepsy. HCN1 channels are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including the retina. Electroretinogram recordings from a mouse model of HCN1 genetic epilepsy showed a marked decrease in

Published
2023

302. Magnetar emergence in a peculiar gamma-ray burst from a compact star merger

Author

Sun, H., Wang, C. -W., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Xiong, S. -L., Yin, Y. -H. I., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xue, W. -C., Yan, Z., Zhang, C., Tan, W. -J., Pan, H. -W., Liu, J. -C., Cheng, H. -Q., Zhang, Y. -Q., Hu, J. -W., Zheng, C., An, Z. -H., Cai, C., Hu, L., Jin, C., Li, D. -Y., Li, X. -Q., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, M., Peng, W. -X., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Wang, X. -L., Wen, X. -Y., Xiao, S., Yi, S. -X., Zhang, F., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, X. -F., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, D. -H., Zheng, S. -J., Ling, Z. -X., Zhang, S. -N., Yuan, W., Zhang, B., Sun, H., Wang, C. -W., Yang, J., Zhang, B. -B., Xiong, S. -L., Yin, Y. -H. I., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xue, W. -C., Yan, Z., Zhang, C., Tan, W. -J., Pan, H. -W., Liu, J. -C., Cheng, H. -Q., Zhang, Y. -Q., Hu, J. -W., Zheng, C., An, Z. -H., Cai, C., Hu, L., Jin, C., Li, D. -Y., Li, X. -Q., Liu, H. -Y., Liu, M., Peng, W. -X., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Wang, X. -L., Wen, X. -Y., Xiao, S., Yi, S. -X., Zhang, F., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, X. -F., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhao, D. -H., Zheng, S. -J., Ling, Z. -X., Zhang, S. -N., Yuan, W., and Zhang, B.

Abstract

The central engine that powers gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most powerful explosions in the universe, is still not identified. Besides hyper-accreting black holes, rapidly spinning and highly magnetized neutron stars, known as millisecond magnetars, have been suggested to power both long and short GRBs. The presence of a magnetar engine following compact star mergers is of particular interest as it would provide essential constraints on the poorly understood equation of state for neutron stars. Indirect indications of a magnetar engine in these merger sources have been observed in the form of plateau features present in the X-ray afterglow light curves of some short GRBs. Additionally, some X-ray transients lacking gamma-ray bursts (GRB-less) have been identified as potential magnetar candidates originating from compact star mergers. Nevertheless, smoking gun evidence is still lacking for a magnetar engine in short GRBs, and the associated theoretical challenges have been addressed. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the broad-band prompt emission data of a peculiar, very bright GRB 230307A. Despite its apparently long duration, the prompt emission and host galaxy properties point toward a compact star merger origin, being consistent with its association with a kilonova. More intriguingly, an extended X-ray emission component emerges as the $\gamma$-ray emission dies out, signifying the emergence of a magnetar central engine. We also identify an achromatic temporal break in the high-energy band during the prompt emission phase, which was never observed in previous bursts and reveals a narrow jet with half opening angle of approximately $3.4^\circ$., Comment: 44 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables

Published
2023

303. The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite

Author

Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Zhang, C., Sun, S. L., Jin, G., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, X. F., Chang, J. B., Chen, F. S., Chen, Y. F., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Li, Z. D., Liu, P. R., Lv, Y. H., Ma, X. H., Tang, Y. J., Wang, C. B., Xie, R. J., Xue, Y. L., Yan, A. L., Zhang, Q., Bao, C. Y., Cai, H. B., Cheng, H. Q., Cui, C. Z., Dai, Y. F., Fan, D. W., Hu, H. B., Hu, J. W., Huang, M. H., Jia, Z. Q., Jin, C. C., Li, D. Y., Li, J. Q., Liu, H. Y., Liu, M. J., Liu, Y., Pan, H. W., Qiu, Y. L., Sugizaki, M., Sun, H., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y. L., Wu, Q. Y., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. F., Yang, H. N., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, W. D., Zhang, Z., Zhao, D. H., Cong, X. Q., Jiang, B. W., Li, L. H., Qiu, X. B., Sun, J. N., Su, D. T., Wang, J., Wu, C., Xu, Z., Yang, X. M., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, N., Zhu, Y. F., Ban, H. Y., Bi, X. Z., Cai, Z. M., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, Y. H., Cui, Y., Duan, X. L., Feng, Z. G, Gao, Y., He, J. W., He, T., Huang, J. J., Li, F., Li, J. S., Li, T. J., Li, T. T., Liu, H. Q., Liu, L., Liu, R., Liu, S., Meng, N., Shi, Q., Sun, A. T., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. B., Wu, H. C., Xu, D. X, Yang, Y. Q, Yang, Y., Yu, X. S., Zhang, K. X., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhou, H., Zhu, X. C., Cheng, J. S., Qin, L., Wang, L., Wang, Q. L., Bai, M., Gao, R. L., Ji, Z., Liu, Y. R., Ma, F. L., Shi, Y. J., Su, J., Tan, Y. Y., Tong, J. Z., Xu, H. T., Xue, C. B., Xue, G. F., Yuan, W., Ling, Z. X., Sun, X. J., Zhang, C., Sun, S. L., Jin, G., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, X. F., Chang, J. B., Chen, F. S., Chen, Y. F., Cheng, Z. W., Fu, W., Han, Y. X., Li, H., Li, J. F., Li, Y., Li, Z. D., Liu, P. R., Lv, Y. H., Ma, X. H., Tang, Y. J., Wang, C. B., Xie, R. J., Xue, Y. L., Yan, A. L., Zhang, Q., Bao, C. Y., Cai, H. B., Cheng, H. Q., Cui, C. Z., Dai, Y. F., Fan, D. W., Hu, H. B., Hu, J. W., Huang, M. H., Jia, Z. Q., Jin, C. C., Li, D. Y., Li, J. Q., Liu, H. Y., Liu, M. J., Liu, Y., Pan, H. W., Qiu, Y. L., Sugizaki, M., Sun, H., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y. L., Wu, Q. Y., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. F., Yang, H. N., Yang, X., Zhang, B., Zhang, M., Zhang, W. D., Zhang, Z., Zhao, D. H., Cong, X. Q., Jiang, B. W., Li, L. H., Qiu, X. B., Sun, J. N., Su, D. T., Wang, J., Wu, C., Xu, Z., Yang, X. M., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, N., Zhu, Y. F., Ban, H. Y., Bi, X. Z., Cai, Z. M., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, Y. H., Cui, Y., Duan, X. L., Feng, Z. G, Gao, Y., He, J. W., He, T., Huang, J. J., Li, F., Li, J. S., Li, T. J., Li, T. T., Liu, H. Q., Liu, L., Liu, R., Liu, S., Meng, N., Shi, Q., Sun, A. T., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. B., Wu, H. C., Xu, D. X, Yang, Y. Q, Yang, Y., Yu, X. S., Zhang, K. X., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhou, H., Zhu, X. C., Cheng, J. S., Qin, L., Wang, L., Wang, Q. L., Bai, M., Gao, R. L., Ji, Z., Liu, Y. R., Ma, F. L., Shi, Y. J., Su, J., Tan, Y. Y., Tong, J. Z., Xu, H. T., Xue, C. B., Xue, G. F., and Yuan, W.

Abstract

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA), a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 27 July 2022. In this paper, we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument. Using state-of-the-art Micro-Pore Optics (MPO), a wide field-of-view (FoV) of 346 square degrees (18.6 degrees * 18.6 degrees) of the X-ray imager is realized. An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons, and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, each of 6 cm * 6 cm, are used as the focal plane detectors. The instrument has an angular resolution of 4 - 8 arcmin (in FWHM) for the central focal spot of the point spread function, and an effective area of 2 - 3 cm2 at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view. The detection passband is 0.5 - 4 keV in the soft X-rays and the sensitivity is 2 - 3 * 10-11 erg s-1 cm-2 (about 1 mini-Crab) at 1,000 second observation. The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W. The satellite, with a design lifetime of 2 years, operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes. LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation, and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters. In addition, LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band, albeit limited useful observing time available., Comment: Accepted by RAA

Published
2023
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304. Dimension-Prompts Boost Commonsense Consolidation

Author

Feng, J, Tao, C, Shen, T, Liu, C, Zhao, D, Feng, J, Tao, C, Shen, T, Liu, C, and Zhao, D

Abstract

Neural knowledge models emerged and advanced common-sense-centric knowledge grounding. They parameterize a small seed curated commonsense knowledge graph (CS-KG) in a language model to generalize more. A current trend is to scale the seed up by directly mixing multiple sources of CS-KG (e.g., ATOMIC, ConceptNet) into one model. But, such brute-force mixing inevitably hinders effective knowledge consolidation due to i) ambiguous, polysemic, and/or inconsistent relations across sources and ii) knowledge learned in an entangled manner despite distinct types (e.g., causal, temporal). To mitigate this, we adopt a concept of commonsense knowledge dimension and propose a brand-new dimension-disentangled knowledge model ((DKM)-K-2) learning paradigm with multiple sources. That is, a generative language model with dimension-specific soft prompts is trained to disentangle knowledge acquisitions along with different dimensions and facilitate potential intra-dimension consolidation across CS-KG sources. Experiments show our knowledge model outperforms its baselines in both standard and zero-shot scenarios.

Published
2023

311. Cloning and Functional Identification of Yunwu Tribute Tea CsPPO Gene.

Author

Wang, Y., Li, L., Wan, C., Li, Y., and Zhao, D.

Abstract

To clone the polyphenol oxidase gene (CsPPO) from Yunwu Tribute Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze var. niaowangensis Q.H. Chen) and conduct bioinformatics analysis, expression vector construction, and analysis of its physiological activity in transgenic plants. The CsPPO was cloned from Yunwu Tribute Tea, and bioinformatics and evolutionary analysis was conducted. Transgenic plants overexpressing CsPPO were created by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and expression and changes in physiological indices were analyzed under low-temperature stress to determine the role of the gene in cold tolerance in tea trees. The cloned CsPPO had a total length of 1740 bp, encoding 580 amino acids, and showed 96.72% homology with the PPO gene of C. sinensis. Analysis of the physiological features of cold tolerance showed that the transgenic tobacco were more tolerant to cold stress than wild-type tobacco, and the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of transgenic tobacco were significantly lower than in the wild-type, while the PPO activity was significantly higher. Increased expression of the CsPPO in tobacco significantly reduced oxidative damage to the cell membrane and markedly improved cold tolerance in the plants. These findings verify the role of CsPPO in cold tolerance in Yunwu Tribute tea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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312. Attentional network deficits in patients with migraine: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

Author

Yuxin Chen, Siyuan Xie, Libo Zhang, Desheng Li, Hui Su, Rongfei Wang, Ran Ao, Xiaoxue Lin, Yingyuan Liu, Shuhua Zhang, Deqi Zhai, Yin Sun, Shuqing Wang, Li Hu, Zhao Dong, and Xuejing Lu

Subjects
Migraine, Attention, Electroencephalography (EEG), Vigilance, Hypersensitivity, Machine learning, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Patients with migraine often experience not only headache pain but also cognitive dysfunction, particularly in attention, which is frequently overlooked in both diagnosis and treatment. The influence of these attentional deficits on the pain-related clinical characteristics of migraine remains poorly understood, and clarifying this relationship could improve care strategies. Methods This study included 52 patients with migraine and 34 healthy controls. We employed the Attentional Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance–Executive and Arousal Components paradigm, combined with electroencephalography, to assess attentional deficits in patients with migraine, with an emphasis on phasic alerting, orienting, executive control, executive vigilance, and arousal vigilance. An extreme gradient boosting binary classifier was trained on features showing group differences to distinguish patients with migraine from healthy controls. Moreover, an extreme gradient boosting regression model was developed to predict clinical characteristics of patients with migraine using their attentional deficit features. Results For general performance, patients with migraine presented a larger inverse efficiency score, a higher prestimulus beta-band power spectral density and a lower gamma-band event-related synchronization at Cz electrode, and stronger high alpha-band activity at the primary visual cortex, compared to healthy controls. Although no behavior differences in three basic attentional networks were found, patients showed magnified N1 amplitude and prolonged latency of P2 for phasic alerting-trials as well as an increased orienting evoked-P1 amplitude. For vigilance function, improvements in the hit rate of executive vigilance-trials were exhibited in controls but not in patients. Besides, patients with migraine exhibited longer reaction time as well as larger variability in arousal vigilance-trials than controls. The binary classifier developed by such attentional deficit features achieved an F1 score of 0.762 and an accuracy of 0.779 in distinguishing patients with migraine from healthy controls. Crucially, the predicted value available from the regression model involving attentional deficit features significantly correlated with the real value for the frequency of headache. Conclusions Patients with migraine demonstrated significant attentional deficits, which can be used to differentiate migraine patients from healthy populations and to predict clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the need to address cognitive dysfunction, particularly attentional deficits, in the clinical management of migraine.

Published
2024
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313. Intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland massage in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction related dry eye

Author

Wang Fabin, Gou Xin, Wu Fang, Qiao Hong, and Zhao Dengli

Subjects
intense pulsed light, meibomian gland massage, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye syndrome, tear film lipid layer, objective scatter index, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the effect of intense pulsed light(IPL)combined with meibomian gland massage in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)related dry eye.METHODS: Retrospectively selected 300 cases(300 right eyes)that diagnosed as MGD-related dry eye and treated in our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023, and they were divided into two groups according to the treatment modalities: 150 cases(150 eyes)in the control group were treated with meibomian gland massage, and 150 cases(150 eyes)in the observation group were treated with combined IPL. The efficacy of the two groups was compared, as well as the changes in tear film stability indexes [tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SIT)], ocular surface disease index(OSDI)scores, tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT), mean objective scattering index(OSI), and the levels of inflammatory factors in the tear fluid [interleukin-10(IL-10)and IL-6].RESULTS: There was a difference in efficacy between the two groups of patients after treatment(88% vs 74%, P=0.002). At 8 wk after treatment, OSDI score, OSI, and tear IL-6 levels decreased, while BUT, SIt, LLT, and tear IL-10 levels increased in the two groups, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P

Published
2024
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314. Determination of Aflatoxins in Tea by Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Based on Covalent Organic Framework Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Author

ZHAO Dongyue, XU Xiuli, WANG Xiujuan, WU Wei, ZHANG Feng

Subjects
covalent organic framework materials, high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, aflatoxin, magnetic solid phase extraction, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

A magnetic solid phase extraction (M-SPE) based on covalent organic framework materials coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the efficient determination of four aflatoxins (AFs) in tea. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile, water and glacial acetic acid (8.0:1.9:0.1, V/V) and centrifuged. The supernatant was evaporated to almost dryness, re-dissolved in water and pH adjusted, extracted M-SPE and filtered, and the filtrate was detected in the positive ion mode. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear in the range of 0.05–50 μg/L with coefficients of determination (R2) > 0.999 2, the spiked recoveries were in the range of 67.6%-103.7%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 9.24%, the limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.01-0.06 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of the developed method were in the range of 0.05-0.20 μg/kg. The covalent organic framework material prepared in this study has a strong adsorption capacity for AFs, and M-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS is suitable for the rapid, highly sensitive and accurate detection of AFs in tea.

Published
2024
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315. Chronic condition change and its longitudinal association with health care utilization among rural older adults: intergenerational financial support as a possible moderator?

Author

Shijun Yang, Tingting Gao, Jie Li, Peipei Fu, Zhao Dan, Yi Wang, and Chengchao Zhou

Subjects
Chronic conditions change, Health care utilization, Older adults, Intergenerational financial support, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronic conditions increases rapidly among older population. However, it is unclear how different chronic conditions progression contributes to the health care utilization, and whether intergenerational support modified this relationship. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal link between chronic condition progression and health care utilization, and examine whether intergenerational financial support is a moderator in this relationship among Chinese rural older people. Methods Data was derived from the Shandong Rural Elderly Health Cohort (SREHC), which was conducted from 2019 to 2020. A total of 2,785 participants were included in this study. Kruskal-Wallis rank tests and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were employed to analyze the association between chronic condition progression and health care utilization. Moderating effect analysis was performed using GEE model and margins plot. Results Older people with progressive chronic conditions used more outpatient (no chronic condition to emerging multimorbidity: OR = 1.83; p = 0.028; one chronic condition to emerging multimorbidity: OR = 2.17; p

Published
2024
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316. Empirical Analysis on Concentration Degree of Inbound and Outbound Passenger Volume of Guangzhou Urban Rail Transit

Author

ZHAO Dantong, HUANG Xiannan, PENG Lei, and YE Xiafei

Subjects
urban rail transit, inbound and outbound volume, concentration degree, empirical analysis, Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280
Abstract

Objective Problems in some urban rail transit lines, such as unreasonable directions, station distribution, and transfer station layouts lead to the phenomenon of some high passenger flow stations and extremely low passenger flow stations in urban rail transit network, bringing challenges to both the investment and operation of urban rail transit. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out relevant researches. Method Based on the inbound and outbound volume data of Guangzhou urban rail transit, the concept of inbound and outbound volume concentration degree is defined, and the spatial distribution characteristics of stations with high inbound and outbound volume concentration degree are analyzed, as well as the relationship between the station and the population size within the station attraction range, and between transfer stations and non-transfer stations. Result & Conclusion In terms of passenger flow concentration, Guangzhou urban rail transit line network presents the characteristic of a large concentration of passenger flow in a few stations. Specifically, the stations ranked in top 10% of inbound and outbound volume reach 30% of the total volume of passenger traffic in the whole network, while the stations ranked in top 20% occupy 50% of the total volume of passenger traffic in the whole network. In addition, these high-traffic stations are mainly concentrated in densely populated areas and urban centers.

Published
2024
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318. Development of a laser-based angle-resolved-photoemission spectrometer with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and high-efficiency spin detection

Author

Xu, R. Z., primary, Gu, X., additional, Zhao, W. X., additional, Zhou, J. S., additional, Zhang, Q. Q., additional, Du, X., additional, Li, Y. D., additional, Mao, Y. H., additional, Zhao, D., additional, Huang, K., additional, Zhang, C. F., additional, Wang, F., additional, Liu, Z. K., additional, Chen, Y. L., additional, and Yang, L. X., additional

Published
2023
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336. The Association Between Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and Visceral Fat in Monozygotic Twin Pairs

Author

Yin XQ, An YX, Yu CG, Ke J, Zhao D, and Yu K

Subjects
obesity, visceral fat, RC581-951, short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiome, Specialties of internal medicine, twins
Abstract

Xing-Qi Yin,&ast; Ya-Xin An,&ast; Cai-Guo Yu, Jing Ke, Dong Zhao, Ke Yu Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ke YuCenter for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 82, Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13811657618, Email yuke@ccmu.edu.cnPurpose: To examine the association of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut microbiota and obesity in individual twins and to control for genetic and shared environmental effects by studying monozygotic intrapair differences.Patients and Methods: The study recruited 20 pairs of monozygotic twins. Body composition measurements were performed by using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance technique. SCFAs were extracted from feces and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Gut microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results: Fecal SCFAs were negatively correlated with adiposity parameters including body mass index, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference (all P < 0.05). Metastat analysis showed that the top 5 relatively abundant bacterial taxa of viscerally obese and non-obese groups were Bacteroides, Collinsella, Eubacterium rectale group, Lachnoclostridium, and Tyzzerella. Participants with visceral obesity had lower abundance of Bacteroides and Collinsella compared to non-obese patients (P < 0.05). Among them, the abundance of Collinsella was positively correlated with acetic acid concentrations (r = 0.63, P = 0.011). There were no significant intrapair differences in each SCFA concentrations between the twins in our study (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Low fecal concentrations of SCFAs were associated with visceral obesity, and the gut microbiota might be involved in the underlying mechanism.Keywords: twins, short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, obesity, visceral fat

Published
2022

337. Gene Expression Profile Analyses of the Skin Response of Balb/c-Nu Mice Model Injected by Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Zhang J, Wang C, An Q, Quan Q, Li M, and Zhao D

Subjects
staphylococcus aureus, inflammation, RL1-803, gene expression profile, Dermatology, transcriptome
Abstract

Jiachan Zhang,1 Changtao Wang,1 Quan An,2 Qianghua Quan,2 Meng Li,2 Dan Zhao1 1Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China; 2Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Changtao Wang, Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8610-68984917, Email wangct@th.btbu.edu.cn Quan An, Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650000, People’s Republic of China, Email 59304376@qq.comBackground: Pathogenesis and persistence of many skin diseases are related to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. S. aureus infection can cause varying degrees of changes in cell gene expression, resulting in complex changes in cell phenotype and finally changes in cell life activities.Materials and Methods: The transcriptomes of healthy and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected murine skin tissues were analyzed. We identified 638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the infected tissues compared to the control samples, of which 324 were upregulated and 314 were downregulated, following the criteria of P < 0.01 and |log2FC| > 3. The DEGs were functionally annotated by Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses.Results: The upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms, such as response to stimulus, immune system process and signal transduction, as well as in the complement and coagulation cascade pathway. Thus, S. aureus infection likely activates these pathways to limit the influx of neutrophils and prevent skin damage. Four clusters were identified in the PPI network, and the major hubs were mainly related to cell cycle and proliferation, and mostly downregulated. The expression levels of Nox4, Mmrn1, Mcm5, Msx1 and Fgf5 mRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR and found to be consistent with the RNA-Seq data, confirming a strong correlation between the two approaches.Conclusion: The identified genes and pathways are potential drug targets for treating skin inflammation caused by S. aureus and should be investigated further.Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, inflammation, gene expression profile, transcriptome

Published
2022

338. Geographic Variation in the Use of Gabapentinoids and Opioids for Pain in a Commercially Insured Adult Population in the United States

Author

Zhao D, Baek J, Hume AL, McPhillips EA, and Lapane KL

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, opioids, pain, gabapentinoids, geographic variation
Abstract

Danni Zhao,1 Jonggyu Baek,1 Anne L Hume,2,3 Emily A McPhillips,1 Kate L Lapane1 1Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; 2Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA; 3Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USACorrespondence: Kate L Lapane, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA, Email kate.lapane@umassmed.eduBackground: Gabapentinoids have been prescribed off-label for almost all types of pain. The geographic variation in the use of gabapentinoids as analgesics remains unknown.Objective: To describe the geographic variation in gabapentinoids, opioids and concurrent use of both for pain by US state and metropolitan statistical area (MSA).Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on December 1, 2018, among commercially insured adults aged 18– 64 years without epilepsy or opioid use disorders using IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. We described the geographic variation in the analgesic regimens (gabapentinoids, opioids and concurrent use of both) by state and MSA, and assessed factors associated with the geographic variation using multilevel logistic regression.Results: We included 9,314,197 beneficiaries; 1.4% had gabapentinoids, 1.5% had opioids and 0.3% had concurrent use of both. The majority of gabapentinoid use lacked an FDA-approved indication. Use of the analgesic regimens varied across states (gabapentinoids (median (interquartile range)): 1.4% (1.2– 1.7%); opioids: 1.5% (1.2– 1.9%); both: 0.3% (0.2– 0.4%)) and MSAs (gabapentinoids: 1.6% (1.3– 2.0%); opioids: 1.8% (1.3– 2.3%); both: 0.3% (0.2– 0.5%)). Demographics explained the largest proportion of the between-state and between-MSA variation. The pattern of the geographic variation in gabapentinoids was similar to that of opioids across states and MSAs.Conclusion: Gabapentinoids were as commonly used as opioids for pain in a commercially insured population (mostly off-label). The geographic variation in gabapentinoids was similar to that of opioids, which suggests that gabapentinoids may be widely used as alternatives or adjuvants to opioids across the US.Keywords: gabapentinoids, opioids, pain, geographic variation

Published
2022

339. Polypharmacy, Medication-Related Burden and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in People Living with HIV Aged 50 and Above: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan, China

Author

Zheng C, Meng J, Xiao X, Xie Y, Zhao D, and Wang H

Subjects
comorbidity, Medicine (General), R5-920, potential drug–drug interaction, aging, medication adherence, medication burden, aids
Abstract

Chunyuan Zheng, Jingjing Meng, Xueling Xiao, Ying Xie, Di Zhao, Honghong Wang Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Honghong WangXiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-731-82650270Fax +86-731-88710136Email honghong_wang@hotmail.comPurpose: People living with HIV (PLWHIV) are susceptible to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) because of aging and infections. This means that the number of non-HIV medications increases, along with issues of polypharmacy and medication-related burden. The purpose of this study was to identify the current situation of polypharmacy and medication-related burden among PLWHIV aged 50 and above, as well as the relation between medication-related burden and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 185 participants recruited from two HIV clinics in Yuelu District Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Changsha First Hospital in Hunan, China. Participants filled questionnaires about comorbidities, polypharmacy, medication-related burden, ART adherence and sociodemographic characteristics.Results: Among the participants, 40% were receiving polypharmacy, and PLWHIV, who were female (β = 5.946; 95% CI = 1.354, 10.541), had a lower monthly income (β = − 4.777; 95% CI = − 6.923, − 2.632), and took more drugs (β = 2.200; 95% CI = 1.167, 3.233) were more likely to report a higher level of medication-related burden. The score of ART adherence was negatively associated with medication-related burden (rs = − 0.250 p = 0.001).Conclusion: The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the issues of polypharmacy and targeted interventions should be developed to reduce medication-related burden among older PLWHIV.Keywords: AIDS, aging, comorbidity, potential drug–drug interaction, medication burden, medication adherence

Published
2022

340. Structure of NsNEPS2, a 7S-cis-trans nepetalactone synthase

Author

Hernandez Lozada, N.J., primary, Hong, B., additional, Wood, J.C., additional, Caputi, L., additional, Basquin, J., additional, Chuang, L., additional, Kunert, M., additional, Rodriguez Lopez, C.R., additional, Langley, C., additional, Zhao, D., additional, Buell, C.R., additional, Lichman, B.R., additional, and O'Connor, S.E., additional

Published
2022
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344. First Wide Field-of-view X-Ray Observations by a Lobster-eye Focusing Telescope in Orbit

Author

Zhang, C., primary, Ling, Z. X., additional, Sun, X. J., additional, Sun, S. L., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Li, Z. D., additional, Xue, Y. L., additional, Chen, Y. F., additional, Dai, Y. F., additional, Jia, Z. Q., additional, Liu, H. Y., additional, Zhang, X. F., additional, Zhang, Y. H., additional, Zhang, S. N., additional, Chen, F. S., additional, Cheng, Z. W., additional, Fu, W., additional, Han, Y. X., additional, Li, H., additional, Li, J. F., additional, Li, Y., additional, Liu, P. R., additional, Ma, X. H., additional, Tang, Y. J., additional, Wang, C. B., additional, Xie, R. J., additional, Yan, A. L., additional, Zhang, Q., additional, Jiang, B. W., additional, Jin, G., additional, Li, L. H., additional, Qiu, X. B., additional, Su, D. T., additional, Sun, J. N., additional, Xu, Z., additional, Zhang, S. K., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Zhang, N., additional, Bi, X. Z., additional, Cai, Z. M., additional, He, J. W., additional, Liu, H. Q., additional, Zhu, X. C., additional, Cheng, H. Q., additional, Cui, C. Z., additional, Fan, D. W., additional, Hu, H. B., additional, Huang, M. H., additional, Jin, C. C., additional, Li, D. Y., additional, Pan, H. W., additional, Wang, W. X., additional, Xu, Y. F., additional, Yang, X., additional, Zhang, B., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Zhang, W. D., additional, Zhao, D. H., additional, Bai, M., additional, Ji, Z., additional, Liu, Y. R., additional, Ma, F. L., additional, Su, J., additional, Tong, J. Z., additional, Wang, Y. S., additional, Zhao, Z. J., additional, Feldman, C., additional, O’Brien, P., additional, Osborne, J. P., additional, Willingale, R., additional, Burwitz, V., additional, Hartner, G., additional, Langmeier, A., additional, Müller, T., additional, Rukdee, S., additional, Schmidt, T., additional, Kuulkers, E., additional, and Yuan, W., additional

Published
2022
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345. High Performance H2−Mn Regenerative Fuel Cells through an Improved Positive Electrode Morphology

Author

Rubio-Garcia, J, Kucernak, A, Chakrabarti, BK, Zhao, D, Li, D, Tang, Y, Ouyang, M, Low, CTJ, Brandon, N, Kucernak, A [0000-0002-5790-9683], Chakrabarti, BK [0000-0002-0172-986X], Low, CTJ [0000-0003-4411-9890], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
7 Affordable and Clean Energy, 4016 Materials Engineering, 40 Engineering
Abstract

The effective scaling-up of redox flow batteries (RFBs) can be facilitated upon lowering the capital costs. The application of ubiquitous manganese along with hydrogen (known as H2−Mn regenerative fuel cells (RFC)) is seen as an effective solution for this purpose. Here, we aim to evaluate different positive electrodes so as to improve the key performance metrics of the H2/Mn RFC, namely electrolyte utilization, energy efficiency, and peak power densities. Commercially available carbon paper and graphite felt are used to show that the latter provides better key performance indicators (KPIs), which is consistent with the results reported for standard all-vanadium RFBs in the literature. Even better KPIs are obtained when an in-house carbon catalyst layer (CCL) is employed in combination with graphite felt electrodes (e.g., more than 80% energy efficiency, >0.5 W cm−2 peak power density and electrolyte utilization of 20 Ah L−1 for felt and carbon metal fabric (CMF), prepared by means of electrospinning and carbonization, in comparison with about 75% energy efficiency 0.45 W cm−2 peak power density and 11 Ah L−1 electrolyte utilization for felt on its own). It is envisaged that if the electrochemical performance of CCLs can be optimized then it could open up new opportunities for the commercial exploitation of H2−Mn systems.

Published
2023

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