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CO2 poisoning of alkaline electrolytes is a critical issue that affects the energy efficiency and lifespan of Zn‐air batteries. However, few strategies have been explored to address this issue because it is challenging to block CO2 from the outer atmosphere. Herein, a CO2‐tolerant flexible quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte for Zn‐air batteries, which is achieved by the pre‐fixation of CO2 on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via its ionization in the form of side ‐OCO2‐ groups (PVA‐TMG), is reported. The pre‐fixation of CO2 enables excellent CO2 tolerance and alleviates the Zn dendrite and ZnO deposition, because the ‐OCO2‐ groups can strongly interact with the Zn2+. In addition, PVA‐TMG exhibits higher ionic conductivity and better water retention capability than the pristine PVA. Consequently, the fabricated Zn‐air batteries deliver excellent performance in both air and a CO2‐rich atmosphere. The optimized PVA‐TMG presents a cycling lifetime 12 times longer than that of the pristine PVA in the atmosphere with 22.7 vol% CO2. The feasible study presented here presents a new milestone in CO2 utilization with energy storage technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review synthesized research evaluating the relationship between genetic predictors and weight loss after bariatric surgery. Fifty-seven studies were identified that examined single genes or genetic risk scores. Uncoupling protein (UCP) rs660339 was associated with excess weight loss after surgery in 4 of 6 studies. The most commonly assessed genes were fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene (n = 10) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) (n = 14). Both were inconsistently related to weight loss. Genetic risk scores predicted weight loss in 6 of 7 studies. This evidence suggests the potential of using genetic variants and genetic risk scores to predict the amount of weight loss anticipated after bariatric surgery and identify patients who may be at risk for suboptimal weight reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, no studies have reported clinical results at a midterm follow-up after two-stage revision for periprosthetic shoulder infection (PSI). Our purpose was to determine the recurrent infection rate and clinical outcomes of two-stage revision for PSI at a minimum follow-up of 5 years. The secondary aim was to evaluate the application of the new guidelines from the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) in 2018 for diagnosis of PSI in this cohort. We identified 17 patients with infection after shoulder arthroplasty between 2005 and 2014 who were treated with a two-stage revision and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years (range, 5-9 years). The mean time from the involved arthroplasty to first-stage revision was 40 months. All patients were revised to a reverse shoulder arthroplasty at second-stage revision. Complications, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), visual analogue scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) score, and range of motion (ROM) were noted. Patients were retrospectively scored and categorized using the ICM 2018 diagnostic criteria. Mean patient age was 64 ± 7 years, and 65% of patients were male. A recurrent infection developed in 3 (18%) of the 17 patients. The cumulative incidence of recurrence of infection was 0% at 1 year, 6% at 2 years, and 18% at 5 years. There were 6 (36%) other complications, including 4 periprosthetic fractures, 1 spacer fracture, and 1 dislocation. Two (12%) patients had scapular notching. At latest follow-up, patients who did not have recurrent infection had a statistically and clinically meaningful improvement from preoperative to postoperative PROs, including VAS for pain, ASES score, SST score, and WOOS score, and active ROM, including abduction and forward flexion. Using the ICM 2018 criteria at first-stage revision surgery, the category of PSI for 10 (59%) patients was "definite PSI," 4 (23%) patients was "probable PSI", and 3 (18%) patients was "possible PSI." The rate of reinfection after a two-stage revision surgery for PSI at midterm follow-up was 18%. Clinical outcomes were favorable in the patients who remained free of infection. Further prospective study of the ICM criteria as they apply to making the diagnosis of infection in these patients would be beneficial. Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Discussion Trial Registration Adults with binge‐eating disorder (BED), compared with those without BED, demonstrate higher blood‐oxygen–level‐dependent (BOLD) response to food cues in reward‐related regions of the brain. It is not known whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can reverse this reward system hyperactivation. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed changes in BOLD response to binge‐eating cues following CBT versus wait‐list control (WLC).Females with BED (N = 40) were randomized to CBT or WLC. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 16 weeks including measures of eating and appetite and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure BOLD response while listening to personalized scripts of binge‐eating and neutral‐relaxing cues. Data were analyzed using general linear models with mixed effects.Overall retention rate was 87.5%. CBT achieved significantly greater reductions in binge‐eating episodes than WLC (mean ± standard error decline of 14.6 ± 2.7 vs. 5.7 ± 2.8 episodes in the past 28 days, respectively; p = 0.03). CBT and WLC did not differ significantly in changes in neural responses to binge‐eating stimuli during the fMRI sessions. Compared with WLC, CBT had significantly greater improvements in reward‐based eating drive, disinhibition, and hunger as assessed by questionnaires (ps < 0.05).CBT was effective in reducing binge eating, but, contrary to our hypothesis, CBT did not improve BOLD response to auditory binge‐eating stimuli in reward regions of the brain. Further studies are needed to assess mechanisms underlying improvements with CBT for BED.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03604172 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanoscale polyoxoniobate based on trivalent nickel complex and Lindqvist-type cluster, [Ni(en)3]2[H2Nb6O19]·8H2O (abbreviated as NEN) (en = ethylenediamine, C2H8N2) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectrum, UV–visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis shows that NEN is an ionic compound, in which the cations are two trivalent nickel complexes [Ni(en)3]3+ and the anion is a Lindqvist-type polyoxoniobate [Nb6O19]8− cluster. Notably, NEN can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species efficiently in aqueous solution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]