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This work reports the fabrication and catalytic exploitation of in-house engineered green composite (CaO/W-Mo) having catalytic potentialities with the aid of a wet-impregnation route. The in-house engineered CaO/W-Mo hybrid composite was fully characterized using FT-IR (Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy), PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction), and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The low concentration, i.e., 0.1–0.5% of hybrid composite (CaO/W-Mo), successfully converts the Brassica nigra oil into biodiesel through one-step transesterification reaction. The catalytic conversion was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR (1H-nuclear magnetic resonance), and GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analyses. Various fuel properties were determined using the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) method. The optimization of transesterification efficiency was investigated by changing the different factors, such as catalyst concentration, oil to methanol ratio, and reaction period. The experimental results revealed that the highly economical catalyst loading (0.5%) gives transesterification efficiency up to 50% under optimized reaction conditions with an oil-to-methanol ratio 1:12 and reaction temperature 60 °C. This shows that the hybrid composite as a catalyst at minimum concentration could be highly beneficial, economical, and eco-friendly for the industrial-scale production of bioenergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens responsible for superadded bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients and correlate the association of these infections with serological markers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of study: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2021. Methodology: A total of 290 patients having positive RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2 were included. All samples were processed per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocols. API 20E and API 20NE were used for the identification of Gramnegative rods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Serological markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocyte count (TLC) and serum Ferritin, were determined and compared for significance in positive and negative culture cases. Results: A total of 75 patients had positive bacterial cultures. Among these, 42(56%) were blood culture, 26(35 %) were respiratory culture and 7(9%) were urine culture. Commonly isolated organisms were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e., 23(31%), 20(27%), 13(17%), and 12(16%) respectively. CRP, TLC and S. ferritin were markedly raised in superadded bacterial infection compared to patients with COVID-19 infection only. Conclusion: The frequency of superadded bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients is high. The pathogens isolated in these cases were multidrug-resistant, reflecting mostly hospital-acquired flora. The association of serological markers in depicting superadded infection is statistically significant and may be used to screen for superadded bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eradication of poverty is one of the world's most important challenges because poverty has gripped a large part of the world. Poverty exists all over the world with its different intensity. This article will discuss the eradication of poverty in the Islamic context. Islam is a Universal and impartial religion. Which covers every sphere of a human's life? From this perspective, Islam gives us the whole structure of social life. After migrating to Madinah, the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم established the Islamic state and also founded the Islamic Bait-ul-Mal. Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم taught Muslims to help the underprivileged and dependent people through brotherhood and hence established an exemplary socio-economic system. The main purpose of Bait-ul-Mal is to spend for the welfare of the people of the Islamic government. Therefore, it is considered the bank and national treasure of the Muslim people. In this way, this institution is considered the guarantor of the property, the protector of the trust, and the official treasury of the central institutions of the Muslims. Therefore, this institution plays an important role in anti-poverty in the light of Islamic teachings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydactyly or polydactylism, also known as a hyperdactyly, is a congenital limb defect with various morphologic phenotypes. Apart from physical and functional impairments, the presence of polydactyly is an indication of an underlying syndrome in the newborn. Usually, it follows as an autosomal dominant/recessive inheritance pattern with defects in the limb development's anteroposterior patterning. Although mutations in several genes have been associated with polydactyly; however, the exact underlying cause, pathways, and disease mechanisms are still unexplored, thus making it of multi‐factorial origin. Polydactyly is divided into three subtypes; radial, ulnar, and central polydactyly. So far, 11 loci (PAPA1‐PAPA11) and seven human genes have been reported to cause non‐syndromic postaxial polydactyly in humans, including the ZNF141, GLI3, IQCE, GLI1, FAM92A1, KIAA0825, and DACH1. In this review, we discuss emerging evidences of clinical and molecular characterization of polydactyly types in term of the involvement of newly associated genes and loci for non‐syndromic postaxial polydactyly, and how these might impact our understanding of the genetic mechanisms and molecular etiology involved in the cause of polydactyly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family Euphorbiaceae ranks as the sixth largest among the Anthophyta class of plants and has 340 genera and 9000 species and is found in many parts of the world. Plants of this family exhibit various habits, including annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The distinguishing trait of plants in this family is the production of milky latex due to their succulent nature, enabling them to withstand or withstand water scarcity conditions. Various ecotypes of this species were gathered from distinct regions within the Faisalabad area. Various species of the Euphorbia helioscopia genus were randomly collected for morpho-anatomical examinations of their roots, stems, and leaves. The freehand sectioning technique was employed to perform section cutting of roots, stems, and leaves. Slides were prepared for long-term use after undergoing the staining process. Furthermore, the data was processed by using ANOVA technique. The primary objective of this investigation is to analyze, categorize, and confirm the existing classification of these taxa. This study presented information regarding the morphological and anatomical adaptations of Euphorbia helioscopia in response to different environmental changes. Anatomical modifications, such as enhanced thicknesses of root epidermis and endodermis, increased stem area, and greater thickness and cell area of the cortical region, have a notable impact in various habitats. Ultimately, Euphorbia helioscopia exhibited distinct alterations in its physical structural characteristics, which indicate its ability to thrive in diverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Euphorbiaceae is the sixth largest family amongst the Anthophyta class of plants. it consists of 340 genera and 9000 species and is cosmopolitan distributed throughout the world. The habits of plants are annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The identifying characteristic feature of plants in this family is the formation of milky latex, because of their succulent nature; they can tolerate or resist water deficit conditions. Different ecotypes of this genus were collected from different areas of Faisalabad region. Different species of this genus Euphorbia hitra was collected by random collection method for morpho-anatomical studies of roots stems, and leaves. After collection, samples were handled carefully and preserved in plastic bottles for sectioning 70% ethanol, and 30% water was used to prepare the solution. The freehand sectioning technique was used for section cutting of roots, stems, and leaves. Permanent slides were prepared after staining. Moreover, the data were subjected to one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to study morpho-anatomical features of Euphorbia hitra species from Faisalabad regions. This study provided evidence about morphological and anatomical modifications of Euphorbia hitra in response to various environmental fluctuations. Anatomical adaptations such as increased root epidermal and endodermal thicknesses, greater stem area, and large cortical region thickness and cell area play a significant role in different habitats. In conclusion, Euphorbia hitra showed very specific modifications in morphological and anatomical attributes that reveal their ecological success in a variety of habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of varying amounts of scandium (Sc) on the mechanical performance and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy (AA7085) composites reinforced with Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2) and Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) nanoparticles was investigated. The specimens were made using an in-situ process with varying amounts of Sc up to 0.5 wt%, and their microstructural behavior, corrosion, and mechanical properties were explored in detail. Phase structural analysis revealed the successful incorporation of ZrB 2 and Al 2 O 3 into the matrix through in-situ synthesis, ranging from 30 to 61.7 nm. In addition, HRTEM and XRD analysis displays the Al 3 Zr prominence observed with 0.1 wt% Sc content, transforming to Al 3 (Sc, Zr) in the 0.3 wt% Sc composite, and finally becoming Al 3 Sc with 0.5 wt% Sc. Corrosion analysis revealed that the 0.3 wt% Sc composite exhibited fine Al 3 (Sc, Zr) precipitate phases that enhanced corrosion properties. The Sc addition leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of AA7085/ZrB 2 +Al 2 O 3 composites. The ultimate tensile strength of 678 ± 5 MPa for 0.5 wt% Sc under the hot rolled and T6 aged condition was achieved. The optimum content of Sc in AA7085/ZrB 2 +Al 2 O 3 composites has identified both corrosion and mechanical properties enhancement at 0.3 wt% and 0.5 wt%, respectively. • Achieved 678 ± 5 MPa tensile strength in AA7085/ZrB 2 +Al 2 O 3 composites with 0.5 wt% Sc under hot rolled and T6 aged conditions. • Identified 0.3 wt% Sc as optimal for corrosion resistance, achieving the lowest corrosion current density of 0.8 μA·cm−2. • Microstructural evolved from Al 3 Zr to Al 3 (Sc, Zr) and Al 3 Sc phases with increasing Sc content, improving mechanical properties. • Uniformly dispersed ZrB 2 and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in AA7085 matrix, enhancing material performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are prevalent in battery research because they are flexible, lightweight, and promote reasonable contact between components. Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are gaining recognition as promising options for future energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. To enhance safety, replacing traditional organic electrolytes with polymer electrolytes can prevent issues like thermal instability and electrolyte leakage. Polymer electrolytes (PEs) face high interfacial impedance and low ionic conductivity. GPEs offer a solution by balancing high ionic conductivity, thermal stability, low interfacial impedance, and flexibility. This review article discusses various methods for synthesizing GPEs and compares electrolytes for NIBs. It also highlights recent cathode and anode-material advancements, supported by schematic illustrations for clarity. Additionally, the article examines GPE composites for their electrochemical properties through a detailed analysis. This review could provide a thorough comprehension of sodium-ion GPEs and help shape how molecules interact to improve the performance of gel polymers NIBs. [Display omitted] • Innovative synthesis strategies for Na-ion battery gel polymer electrolyte composites. • Electrochemical evaluation reveals enhanced performance and stability. • Tailored design addressing specific challenges of Na-ion battery technology. • Potential implications for sustainable energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of increasing oxygen levels on structure, and mechanical properties and tribological performance of duplex AlCrSiON coatings. AISI H13 steel and tungsten carbide substrates are coated using arc ion plating with increasing oxygen flow rate up to 200 sccm with varying oxygen concentration. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and three-dimensional profilometer are used to study morphological and structural evolution. Correspondingly, the coatings are assessed for hardness, adhesion strength, friction coefficient, and resistance against corrosion and wear. A 50–100 sccm oxygen flow rate is considered as an optimal range to receive lower surface roughness. Generally, the addition of oxygen has compromised hardness and friction coefficient but improve adhesion strength, wear and corrosion resistance with increasing oxygen concentration. The immersion tests have identified pitting corrosion as a dominating failure mechanism for AlCrSiON coatings when exposed to molten A380 aluminium alloy. This corrosion resistance stems from their dense microstructure, excellent thermal stability, and the presence of fcc-(Al, Cr) 2 O 3 phase structure. This study demonstrates that controlled oxygen concentration is a crucial parameter for tuning the microstructure of AlCrSiON coatings to achieve superior mechanical, tribological, and anti-corrosion performance, particularly for high-pressure die-casting applications. • Insights into the role of oxygen on the microstructure and properties of AlCrSiON coatings. • The addition of Si and oxygen in nitride coating restrains the growth of the columnar grains. • Duplex AlCrSiON coating at high oxygen content exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in molten aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]