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139 results on '"Diallo, Aldiouma"'

101. Increased Gut Redox and Depletion of Anaerobic and Methanogenic Prokaryotes in Severe Acute Malnutrition

Author

Million, Matthieu, primary, Tidjani Alou, Maryam, additional, Khelaifia, Saber, additional, Bachar, Dipankar, additional, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, additional, Dione, Niokhor, additional, Brah, Souleymane, additional, Hugon, Perrine, additional, Lombard, Vincent, additional, Armougom, Fabrice, additional, Fromonot, Julien, additional, Robert, Catherine, additional, Michelle, Caroline, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Fabre, Alexandre, additional, Guieu, Régis, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Henrissat, Bernard, additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, and Raoult, Didier, additional

Published
2016
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102. Human Complement Bactericidal Responses to a Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Africans and Comparison to Responses Measured by 2 Other Group A Immunoassays

Author

Price, Gregory A., primary, Hollander, Aimee M., additional, Plikaytis, Brian D., additional, Mocca, Brian T., additional, Carlone, George, additional, Findlow, Helen, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Idoko, Olubukola T., additional, Enwere, Godwin C., additional, Elie, Cheryl, additional, Preziosi, Marie-Pierre, additional, Kulkarni, Prasad S., additional, and Bash, Margaret C., additional

Published
2015
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103. Antibody Persistence at 1 and 4 Years Following a Single Dose of MenAfriVac or Quadrivalent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Healthy Subjects Aged 2–29 Years

Author

Diallo, Aldiouma, primary, Sow, Samba O., additional, Idoko, Olubukola T., additional, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, additional, Findlow, Helen, additional, Preziosi, Marie-Pierre, additional, Elie, Cheryl, additional, Kulkarni, Prasad S., additional, Parulekar, Varsha, additional, Diarra, Bou, additional, Cheick Haidara, Fadima, additional, Diallo, Fatoumata, additional, Tapia, Milagritos, additional, Akinsola, Adebayo K., additional, Adegbola, Richard A., additional, Bavdekar, Ashish, additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Chaumont, Julie, additional, Martellet, Lionel, additional, Marchetti, Elisa, additional, LaForce, Marc F., additional, Plikaytis, Brian D., additional, Enwere, Godwin C., additional, Tang, Yuxiao, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, Carlone, George, additional, and Viviani, Simonetta, additional

Published
2015
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104. Community Perspectives Associated With the African PsA-TT (MenAfriVac) Vaccine Trials

Author

Idoko, Olubukola T., primary, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Hodgson, Abraham, additional, Akinsola, Adebayo, additional, Diarra, Bou, additional, Haidara, Fadima Cheick, additional, Ansah, Patrick Odum, additional, Kampmann, Beate, additional, Bouma, Enricke, additional, Preziosi, Marie-Pierre, additional, and Enwere, Godwin C., additional

Published
2015
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105. Ethical Challenges and Lessons Learned During the Clinical Development of a Group A Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Author

Martellet, Lionel, primary, Sow, Samba O., additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Hodgson, Abraham, additional, Kampmann, Beate, additional, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, additional, Tapia, Milagritos, additional, Haidara, Fadima Cheick, additional, Ndiaye, Assane, additional, Diarra, Bou, additional, Ansah, Patrick Odum, additional, Akinsola, Adebayo, additional, Idoko, Olubukola T., additional, Adegbola, Richard A., additional, Bavdekar, Ashish, additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Viviani, Simonetta, additional, Enwere, Godwin C., additional, Marchetti, Elisa, additional, Chaumont, Julie, additional, Makadi, Marie-Francoise, additional, Pallardy, Flore, additional, Kulkarni, Prasad S., additional, Preziosi, Marie-Pierre, additional, and LaForce, F. Marc, additional

Published
2015
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106. Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Bagagnan, Cheik H., Sié, Ali, Zabré, Pascal, Lankoandé, Bruno, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Kone, Siaka, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Haile, Fisaha, Melaku, Yohannes A., Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Patrick, Debpuur, Cornelius, Oduro, Abraham, Wak, George, Adjei, Alexander, Gyapong, Margaret, Sarpong, Doris, Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Rai, Sanjay K., Juvekar, Sanjay, Lele, Pallavi, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Laserson, Kayla F., Nyaguara, Amek, Odhiambo, Frank O., Phillips-Howard, Penelope, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Oti, Samuel, Crampin, Amelia, Nyirenda, Moffat, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kahn, Kathleen, Tollman, Stephen M., Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Bangha, Martin, Sankoh, Osman A., Byass, Peter, Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Bagagnan, Cheik H., Sié, Ali, Zabré, Pascal, Lankoandé, Bruno, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Kone, Siaka, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Haile, Fisaha, Melaku, Yohannes A., Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Patrick, Debpuur, Cornelius, Oduro, Abraham, Wak, George, Adjei, Alexander, Gyapong, Margaret, Sarpong, Doris, Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Rai, Sanjay K., Juvekar, Sanjay, Lele, Pallavi, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Laserson, Kayla F., Nyaguara, Amek, Odhiambo, Frank O., Phillips-Howard, Penelope, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Oti, Samuel, Crampin, Amelia, Nyirenda, Moffat, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kahn, Kathleen, Tollman, Stephen M., Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Bangha, Martin, Sankoh, Osman A., and Byass, Peter

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality. DESIGN: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates. RESULTS: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality acros

Published
2014
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107. Pregnancy-related mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Author

Streatfield, P Kim, Alam, Nurul, Compaoré, Yacouba, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K, Utzinger, Juerg, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Akosua, Debpuur, Cornelius, Oduro, Abraham, Williams, John, Addei, Sheila, Gyapong, Margaret, Kukula, Vida A, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N, Desai, Meghna, Moige, Hellen, Odhiambo, Frank O, Ogwang, Sheila, Beguy, Donatien, Ezeh, Alex, Oti, Samuel, Chihana, Menard, Crampin, Amelia, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Collinson, Mark A, Kahn, Kathleen, Tollman, Stephen M, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Emina, Jacques B O, Sankoh, Osman A, Byass, Peter, Streatfield, P Kim, Alam, Nurul, Compaoré, Yacouba, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K, Utzinger, Juerg, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Akosua, Debpuur, Cornelius, Oduro, Abraham, Williams, John, Addei, Sheila, Gyapong, Margaret, Kukula, Vida A, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N, Desai, Meghna, Moige, Hellen, Odhiambo, Frank O, Ogwang, Sheila, Beguy, Donatien, Ezeh, Alex, Oti, Samuel, Chihana, Menard, Crampin, Amelia, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Collinson, Mark A, Kahn, Kathleen, Tollman, Stephen M, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Emina, Jacques B O, Sankoh, Osman A, and Byass, Peter

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Women continue to die in unacceptably large numbers around the world as a result of pregnancy, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Part of the problem is a lack of accurate, population-based information characterising the issues and informing solutions. Population surveillance sites, such as those operated within the INDEPTH Network, have the potential to contribute to bridging the information gaps. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of pregnancy-related mortality at INDEPTH Network Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia in terms of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and cause-specific mortality rates. DESIGN: Data on individual deaths among women of reproductive age (WRA) (15-49) resident in INDEPTH sites were collated into a standardised database using the INDEPTH 2013 population standard, the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) standard, and the InterVA model for assigning cause of death. RESULTS: These analyses are based on reports from 14 INDEPTH sites, covering 14,198 deaths among WRA over 2,595,605 person-years observed. MMRs varied between 128 and 461 per 100,000 live births, while maternal mortality rates ranged from 0.11 to 0.74 per 1,000 person-years. Detailed rates per cause are tabulated, including analyses of direct maternal, indirect maternal, and incidental pregnancy-related deaths across the 14 sites. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, these findings confirmed unacceptably high continuing levels of maternal mortality. However, they also demonstrate the effectiveness of INDEPTH sites and of the VA methods applied to arrive at measurements of maternal mortality that are essential for planning effective solutions and monitoring programmatic impacts.

Published
2014
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108. Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Ouattara, Mamadou, Sanou, Aboubakary, Sié, Ali, Lankoandé, Bruno, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Abreha, Loko, Melaku, Yohannes A., Weldearegawi, Berhe, Ansah, Akosua, Hodgson, Abraham, Oduro, Abraham, Welaga, Paul, Gyapong, Margaret, Narh, Clement T., Narh-Bana, Solomon A., Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Rai, Sanjay K., Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Hamel, Mary J., Ngulukyo, Emmanuel, Odhiambo, Frank O., Sewe, Maquins, Beguy, Donatien, Ezeh, Alex, Oti, Samuel, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Delaunay, Valérie, Collinson, Mark A., Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., Kahn, Kathleen, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Bangha, Martin, Sankoh, Osman A., Byass, Peter, Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Ouattara, Mamadou, Sanou, Aboubakary, Sié, Ali, Lankoandé, Bruno, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Abreha, Loko, Melaku, Yohannes A., Weldearegawi, Berhe, Ansah, Akosua, Hodgson, Abraham, Oduro, Abraham, Welaga, Paul, Gyapong, Margaret, Narh, Clement T., Narh-Bana, Solomon A., Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Rai, Sanjay K., Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Hamel, Mary J., Ngulukyo, Emmanuel, Odhiambo, Frank O., Sewe, Maquins, Beguy, Donatien, Ezeh, Alex, Oti, Samuel, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Delaunay, Valérie, Collinson, Mark A., Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., Kahn, Kathleen, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Bangha, Martin, Sankoh, Osman A., and Byass, Peter

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. DESIGN: All childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1-4 year and 5-14 year age groups. RESULTS: A total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported. CONCLUSIONS: Many children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are

Published
2014
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109. Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Diboulo, Eric, Sié, Ali, Yé, Maurice, Compaoré, Yacouba, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Melaku, Yohannes A., Mulugeta, Afework, Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Hodgson, Abraham, Oduro, Abraham, Welaga, Paul, Williams, John, Awini, Elizabeth, Binka, Fred N., Gyapong, Margaret, Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Srivastava, Rahul, Chaudhary, Bharat, Juvekar, Sanjay, Wahab, Abdul, Wilopo, Siswanto, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Hamel, Mary J., Lindblade, Kim A., Odhiambo, Frank O., Slutsker, Laurence, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., Mee, Paul, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Arthur, Samuelina S., Sankoh, Osman A., Tanner, Marcel, Byass, Peter, Streatfield, P. Kim, Khan, Wasif A., Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M. A., Alam, Nurul, Diboulo, Eric, Sié, Ali, Yé, Maurice, Compaoré, Yacouba, Soura, Abdramane B., Bonfoh, Bassirou, Jaeger, Fabienne, Ngoran, Eliezer K., Utzinger, Juerg, Melaku, Yohannes A., Mulugeta, Afework, Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Hodgson, Abraham, Oduro, Abraham, Welaga, Paul, Williams, John, Awini, Elizabeth, Binka, Fred N., Gyapong, Margaret, Kant, Shashi, Misra, Puneet, Srivastava, Rahul, Chaudhary, Bharat, Juvekar, Sanjay, Wahab, Abdul, Wilopo, Siswanto, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N., Hamel, Mary J., Lindblade, Kim A., Odhiambo, Frank O., Slutsker, Laurence, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., Mee, Paul, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T. K., Arthur, Samuelina S., Sankoh, Osman A., Tanner, Marcel, and Byass, Peter

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a major cause of infectious disease mortality in tropical regions. However, deaths from malaria are most often not individually documented, and as a result overall understanding of malaria epidemiology is inadequate. INDEPTH Network members maintain population surveillance in Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites across Africa and Asia, in which individual deaths are followed up with verbal autopsies. OBJECTIVE: To present patterns of malaria mortality determined by verbal autopsy from INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia, comparing these findings with other relevant information on malaria in the same regions. DESIGN: From a database covering 111,910 deaths over 12,204,043 person-years in 22 sites, in which verbal autopsy data were handled according to the WHO 2012 standard and processed using the InterVA-4 model, over 6,000 deaths were attributed to malaria. The overall period covered was 1992-2012, but two-thirds of the observations related to 2006-2012. These deaths were analysed by site, time period, age group and sex to investigate epidemiological differences in malaria mortality. RESULTS: Rates of malaria mortality varied by 1:10,000 across the sites, with generally low rates in Asia (one site recording no malaria deaths over 0.5 million person-years) and some of the highest rates in West Africa (Nouna, Burkina Faso: 2.47 per 1,000 person-years). Childhood malaria mortality rates were strongly correlated with Malaria Atlas Project estimates of Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates for the same locations. Adult malaria mortality rates, while lower than corresponding childhood rates, were strongly correlated with childhood rates at the site level. CONCLUSIONS: The wide variations observed in malaria mortality, which were nevertheless consistent with various other estimates, suggest that population-based registration of deaths using verbal autopsy is a useful approach to understanding the details of malaria epidemiolo

Published
2014
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110. HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P Kim, Khan, Wasif A, Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M A, Alam, Nurul, Millogo, Ourohiré, Sié, Ali, Zabré, Pascal, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Kone, Siaka, Ngoran, Eliezer K, Utzinger, Juerg, Abera, Semaw F, Melaku, Yohannes A, Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Patrick, Azongo, Daniel, Kondayire, Felix, Oduro, Abraham, Amu, Alberta, Gyapong, Margaret, Kwarteng, Odette, Kant, Shashi, Pandav, Chandrakant S, Rai, Sanjay K, Juvekar, Sanjay, Muralidharan, Veena, Wahab, Abdul, Wilopo, Siswanto, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N, Khagayi, Sammy, Laserson, Kayla F, Nyaguara, Amek, Van Eijk, Anna M, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Chihana, Menard, Crampin, Amelia, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F Xavier, Mee, Paul, Tollman, Stephen M, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T K, Arthur, Samuelina S, Sankoh, Osman A, Byass, Peter, Streatfield, P Kim, Khan, Wasif A, Bhuiya, Abbas, Hanifi, Syed M A, Alam, Nurul, Millogo, Ourohiré, Sié, Ali, Zabré, Pascal, Rossier, Clementine, Soura, Abdramane B, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Kone, Siaka, Ngoran, Eliezer K, Utzinger, Juerg, Abera, Semaw F, Melaku, Yohannes A, Weldearegawi, Berhe, Gomez, Pierre, Jasseh, Momodou, Ansah, Patrick, Azongo, Daniel, Kondayire, Felix, Oduro, Abraham, Amu, Alberta, Gyapong, Margaret, Kwarteng, Odette, Kant, Shashi, Pandav, Chandrakant S, Rai, Sanjay K, Juvekar, Sanjay, Muralidharan, Veena, Wahab, Abdul, Wilopo, Siswanto, Bauni, Evasius, Mochamah, George, Ndila, Carolyne, Williams, Thomas N, Khagayi, Sammy, Laserson, Kayla F, Nyaguara, Amek, Van Eijk, Anna M, Ezeh, Alex, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Chihana, Menard, Crampin, Amelia, Price, Alison, Delaunay, Valérie, Diallo, Aldiouma, Douillot, Laetitia, Sokhna, Cheikh, Gómez-Olivé, F Xavier, Mee, Paul, Tollman, Stephen M, Herbst, Kobus, Mossong, Joël, Chuc, Nguyen T K, Arthur, Samuelina S, Sankoh, Osman A, and Byass, Peter

Abstract

BACKGROUND: As the HIV/AIDS pandemic has evolved over recent decades, Africa has been the most affected region, even though a large proportion of HIV/AIDS deaths have not been documented at the individual level. Systematic application of verbal autopsy (VA) methods in defined populations provides an opportunity to assess the mortality burden of the pandemic from individual data. OBJECTIVE: To present standardised comparisons of HIV/AIDS-related mortality at sites across Africa and Asia, including closely related causes of death such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and pneumonia. DESIGN: Deaths related to HIV/AIDS were extracted from individual demographic and VA data from 22 INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia. VA data were standardised to WHO 2012 standard causes of death assigned using the InterVA-4 model. Between-site comparisons of mortality rates were standardised using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population. RESULTS: The dataset covered a total of 10,773 deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, observed over 12,204,043 person-years. HIV/AIDS-related mortality fractions and mortality rates varied widely across Africa and Asia, with highest burdens in eastern and southern Africa, and lowest burdens in Asia. There was evidence of rapidly declining rates at the sites with the heaviest burdens. HIV/AIDS mortality was also strongly related to PTB mortality. On a country basis, there were strong similarities between HIV/AIDS mortality rates at INDEPTH sites and those derived from modelled estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring HIV/AIDS-related mortality continues to be a challenging issue, all the more so as anti-retroviral treatment programmes alleviate mortality risks. The congruence between these results and other estimates adds plausibility to both approaches. These data, covering some of the highest mortality observed during the pandemic, will be an important baseline for understanding the future decline of HIV/AIDS.

Published
2014
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111. Aerosol vertical distribution and optical properties over M'Bour (16.96 degrees W; 14.39 degrees N), Senegal from 2006 to 2008

Author

Léon, J. F., Derimian, Y., Chiapello, I., Tanré, D., Podvin, T., Chatenet, B., Diallo, Aldiouma, and Deroo, C.

Subjects
complex mixtures
Abstract

We present ground-based measurements of aerosol mass, optical properties and vertical extinction profiles acquired in M'Bour, Senegal (16.96 degrees W; 14.39 degrees N) from January 2006 to September 2008. This place of the world is all year long affected by the export of mineral dust as it moves westward to the north Atlantic ocean. The maximum in the dust activity is observed in summer (June-July), corresponding to a maximum in the aerosol optical thickness (above 0.5) and single scattering albedo (above 0.95). It also corresponds to a maximum in the top altitude of the transported aerosol layer (up to 6 km) and aerosol optical thickness scale height (up to 3.5 km) due to the presence of the Saharan Air Layer located between 2 and 6 km. The late summer shows an additional low level aerosol layer that increases in thickness in autumn. Severe dust storms are also systematically observed in spring (March) but with a lower vertical development and a stronger impact (factor 2 to 3) on the ground-level mass compared to summer. Sporadic events of biomass burning aerosols are observed in winter (January) and particularly in January 2006 when the biomass burning aerosol are advected between 1.5 and 3.5 km high. On average, the seasonal signal in the aerosol optical properties and vertical distribution is very similar from year to year over our 3 year monitoring.

Published
2009

113. La détermination des causes de décès par autopsie verbale : étude de la mortalité palustre en zone rurale sénégalaise

Author

Duthé, Géraldine, Faye, Serge H. D., Guyavarch, Emmanuelle, Arduin, Pascal, Kanté, Almamy-Malick, Diallo, Aldiouma, Laurent, Raphaël, Marra, Adama, and Pison, Gilles

Subjects
SENEGAL, MALARIA, DEMOGRAPHIC_SURVEILLANCE_SYSTEM, CAUSES_OF_DEATH, WESTERN_AFRICA, RURAL_AREAS, CHILD_MORTALITY
Abstract

Alors que le paludisme constitue actuellement un problème majeur de santé en Afrique au sud du Sahara, la mortalité qui lui est associée est difficile à estimer. Se basant sur la méthode d’autopsie verbale, nous présentons la mortalité palustre survenue avant l’âge de 5 ans à Bandafassi, Mlomp et Niakhar, trois populations rurales du Sénégal qui font simultanément l’objet d’un suivi démographique depuis 1985. Dans les trois sites, l’évolution de la mortalité palustre concorde avec le contexte épidémiologique et thérapeutique local mais des limites associées à la méthode utilisée sont possibles. Pour les étudier, nous analysons les diagnostics portés sur les décès d’enfants survenus depuis 2000. Ainsi, nous montrons qu’il existe une bonne concordance entre les médecins en charge du diagnostic, y compris s’agissant du paludisme - maladie pourtant reconnue comme étant peu spécifique. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des déterminants associés au diagnostic palustre nous assure d’une relative continuité des séries statistiques de la mortalité palustre depuis 2000 malgré d’importants changements dans le protocole d’enquête pour deux de ces trois sites. En l’absence de réelle statistique de causes de décès, les données fournies par le biais de la méthode d’autopsie verbale mise en place dans les sites de suivi démographique permettent donc de disposer d’informations précises dans le domaine épidémiologique, y compris concernant le paludisme.

Published
2008

114. Preschool stunting, adolescent migration catch-up growth and adult height in young Senegalese men and women of rural origin

Author

Ndiaye Coly, Aminata, Milet, Jacqueline, Diallo, Aldiouma, Ndiaye, Tofène, Bénéfice, Eric, Simondon, François, Wade, S., and Simondon, Kirsten

Subjects
ANTHROPOMETRIE NUTRITIONNELLE, MIGRATION, CROISSANCE, ENFANT D'AGE PRESCOLAIRE, ANALYSE DE COHORTES, COLLECTE DE DONNEES, ADOLESCENT, RETARD DE CROISSANCE, MILIEU RURAL, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE
Abstract

Available data on the long-term consequences of preschool stunting are scarce and conflicting. The objective of this study was to assess the amount of catch-up growth from preschool stunting and the effect of migration (change in environment) during adolescence. A cohort study from preschool age (1-5 y) to adulthood (18-23 y) was conducted among 2874 subjects born in a rural area of Senegal. The subjects were divided into 3 groups of preschool stunting: none, mild, and marked, with height-for-age Z-scores of >-1, -2 to -1,and = 20 y). Stunted subjects remained smaller than the others: the age-adjusted height deficit between the 2 extreme categories was 6.6 and 9.0 cm in girls and boys, respectively. However, their height increment from early childhood to adulthood differed (69.3, 70.5, and 72.0 cm, P = 0.0001, and 78.9, 80.0, and 80.3 cm, P < 0.01, for nonstunted, mildly stunted, and markedly stunted girls and boys, respectively). The duration of labor migration to the city was associated with height increment in girls only in a nonlinear relation (adjusted means: 67.2, 69.3, 67.4, and 67.7 cm for 4 groups of increasing duration, P < 0.01). In conclusion, Senegalese children caught up in height prior to adulthood, with the adult means -2 cm below the WHO/NCHS reference, However, this global catch up did not reduce height differences between formerly stunted and nonstunted children to any greater extent and it was not enhanced by labor migration.

Published
2006

117. Pregnancy-related mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, primary, Alam, Nurul, additional, Compaoré, Yacouba, additional, Rossier, Clementine, additional, Soura, Abdramane B., additional, Bonfoh, Bassirou, additional, Jaeger, Fabienne, additional, Ngoran, Eliezer K., additional, Utzinger, Juerg, additional, Gomez, Pierre, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Ansah, Akosua, additional, Debpuur, Cornelius, additional, Oduro, Abraham, additional, Williams, John, additional, Addei, Sheila, additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Kukula, Vida A., additional, Bauni, Evasius, additional, Mochamah, George, additional, Ndila, Carolyne, additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Desai, Meghna, additional, Moige, Hellen, additional, Odhiambo, Frank O., additional, Ogwang, Sheila, additional, Beguy, Donatien, additional, Ezeh, Alex, additional, Oti, Samuel, additional, Chihana, Menard, additional, Crampin, Amelia, additional, Price, Alison, additional, Delaunay, Valérie, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Douillot, Laetitia, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Collinson, Mark A., additional, Kahn, Kathleen, additional, Tollman, Stephen M., additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Emina, Jacques B.O., additional, Sankoh, Osman A., additional, and Byass, Peter, additional

Published
2014
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118. Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites

Author

Kim Streatfield, P., primary, Khan, Wasif A., additional, Bhuiya, Abbas, additional, Hanifi, Syed M.A., additional, Alam, Nurul, additional, Bagagnan, Cheik H., additional, Sié, Ali, additional, Zabré, Pascal, additional, Lankoandé, Bruno, additional, Rossier, Clementine, additional, Soura, Abdramane B., additional, Bonfoh, Bassirou, additional, Kone, Siaka, additional, Ngoran, Eliezer K., additional, Utzinger, Juerg, additional, Haile, Fisaha, additional, Melaku, Yohannes A., additional, Weldearegawi, Berhe, additional, Gomez, Pierre, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Ansah, Patrick, additional, Debpuur, Cornelius, additional, Oduro, Abraham, additional, Wak, George, additional, Adjei, Alexander, additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Sarpong, Doris, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Misra, Puneet, additional, Rai, Sanjay K., additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Lele, Pallavi, additional, Bauni, Evasius, additional, Mochamah, George, additional, Ndila, Carolyne, additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Laserson, Kayla F., additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Odhiambo, Frank O., additional, Phillips-Howard, Penelope, additional, Ezeh, Alex, additional, Kyobutungi, Catherine, additional, Oti, Samuel, additional, Crampin, Amelia, additional, Nyirenda, Moffat, additional, Price, Alison, additional, Delaunay, Valérie, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Douillot, Laetitia, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Xavier Gómez-Olivé, F., additional, Kahn, Kathleen, additional, Tollman, Stephen M., additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Chuc, Nguyen T.K., additional, Bangha, Martin, additional, Sankoh, Osman A., additional, and Byass, Peter, additional

Published
2014
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119. Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, primary, Khan, Wasif A., additional, Bhuiya, Abbas, additional, Hanifi, Syed M.A., additional, Alam, Nurul, additional, Diboulo, Eric, additional, Sié, Ali, additional, Yé, Maurice, additional, Compaoré, Yacouba, additional, Soura, Abdramane B., additional, Bonfoh, Bassirou, additional, Jaeger, Fabienne, additional, Ngoran, Eliezer K., additional, Utzinger, Juerg, additional, Melaku, Yohannes A., additional, Mulugeta, Afework, additional, Weldearegawi, Berhe, additional, Gomez, Pierre, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Hodgson, Abraham, additional, Oduro, Abraham, additional, Welaga, Paul, additional, Williams, John, additional, Awini, Elizabeth, additional, Binka, Fred N., additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Misra, Puneet, additional, Srivastava, Rahul, additional, Chaudhary, Bharat, additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Wahab, Abdul, additional, Wilopo, Siswanto, additional, Bauni, Evasius, additional, Mochamah, George, additional, Ndila, Carolyne, additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Hamel, Mary J., additional, Lindblade, Kim A., additional, Odhiambo, Frank O., additional, Slutsker, Laurence, additional, Ezeh, Alex, additional, Kyobutungi, Catherine, additional, Wamukoya, Marylene, additional, Delaunay, Valérie, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Douillot, Laetitia, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Xavier Gómez-Olivé, F., additional, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., additional, Mee, Paul, additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Chuc, Nguyen T.K., additional, Arthur, Samuelina S., additional, Sankoh, Osman A., additional, Tanner, Marcel, additional, and Byass, Peter, additional

Published
2014
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120. HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, primary, Khan, Wasif A., additional, Bhuiya, Abbas, additional, Hanifi, Syed M.A., additional, Alam, Nurul, additional, Millogo, Ourohiré, additional, Sié, Ali, additional, Zabré, Pascal, additional, Rossier, Clementine, additional, Soura, Abdramane B., additional, Bonfoh, Bassirou, additional, Kone, Siaka, additional, Ngoran, Eliezer K., additional, Utzinger, Juerg, additional, Abera, Semaw F., additional, Melaku, Yohannes A., additional, Weldearegawi, Berhe, additional, Gomez, Pierre, additional, Jasseh, Momodou, additional, Ansah, Patrick, additional, Azongo, Daniel, additional, Kondayire, Felix, additional, Oduro, Abraham, additional, Amu, Alberta, additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Kwarteng, Odette, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Pandav, Chandrakant S., additional, Rai, Sanjay K., additional, Juvekar, Sanjay, additional, Muralidharan, Veena, additional, Wahab, Abdul, additional, Wilopo, Siswanto, additional, Bauni, Evasius, additional, Mochamah, George, additional, Ndila, Carolyne, additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Khagayi, Sammy, additional, Laserson, Kayla F., additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Van Eijk, Anna M., additional, Ezeh, Alex, additional, Kyobutungi, Catherine, additional, Wamukoya, Marylene, additional, Chihana, Menard, additional, Crampin, Amelia, additional, Price, Alison, additional, Delaunay, Valérie, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Douillot, Laetitia, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Xavier Gómez-Olivé, F., additional, Mee, Paul, additional, Tollman, Stephen M., additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Chuc, Nguyen T.K., additional, Arthur, Samuelina S., additional, Sankoh, Osman A., additional, and Byass, Peter, additional

Published
2014
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121. Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Author

Streatfield, P. Kim, primary, Khan, Wasif A., additional, Bhuiya, Abbas, additional, Hanifi, Syed M.A., additional, Alam, Nurul, additional, Ouattara, Mamadou, additional, Sanou, Aboubakary, additional, Sié, Ali, additional, Lankoandé, Bruno, additional, Soura, Abdramane B., additional, Bonfoh, Bassirou, additional, Jaeger, Fabienne, additional, Ngoran, Eliezer K., additional, Utzinger, Juerg, additional, Abreha, Loko, additional, Melaku, Yohannes A., additional, Weldearegawi, Berhe, additional, Ansah, Akosua, additional, Hodgson, Abraham, additional, Oduro, Abraham, additional, Welaga, Paul, additional, Gyapong, Margaret, additional, Narh, Clement T., additional, Narh-Bana, Solomon A., additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Misra, Puneet, additional, Rai, Sanjay K., additional, Bauni, Evasius, additional, Mochamah, George, additional, Ndila, Carolyne, additional, Williams, Thomas N., additional, Hamel, Mary J., additional, Ngulukyo, Emmanuel, additional, Odhiambo, Frank O., additional, Sewe, Maquins, additional, Beguy, Donatien, additional, Ezeh, Alex, additional, Oti, Samuel, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Douillot, Laetitia, additional, Sokhna, Cheikh, additional, Delaunay, Valérie, additional, Collinson, Mark A., additional, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W., additional, Kahn, Kathleen, additional, Herbst, Kobus, additional, Mossong, Joël, additional, Chuc, Nguyen T.K., additional, Bangha, Martin, additional, Sankoh, Osman A., additional, and Byass, Peter, additional

Published
2014
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123. Sexualité des adolescents : tendances récentes en milieu rural sénégalais

Author

Delaunay, Valérie, Enel, C., Lagarde, E., Diallo, Aldiouma, Seck, K., Becker, Charles, and Pison, G.

Subjects
GARCON, ADOLESCENT, SEXUALITE, SEXE, SANTE DE LA REPRODUCTION, GROSSESSE, COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL, ENQUETE, GROUPE D'AGE, SOCIETE RURALE, PSYCHOLOGIE, MALADIE SEXUELLEMENT TRANSMISSIBLE, ENTREE EN VIE SEXUELLE, HOMME, DONNEES STATISTIQUES
Published
2001

124. Santé de la reproduction en Afrique

Author

Delaunay, Valérie, Enel, C., Lagarde, E., Diallo, Aldiouma, Seck, K., Becker, Charles, and Pison, Gilles

Subjects
NIVEAU D'INSTRUCTION, POPULATION RURALE, SEXUALITE, ETHNIE, EVOLUTION, RELIGION, REPRODUCTION, RAPPORTS SOCIAUX, FEMME, COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL, PREMIER RAPPORT SEXUEL, ENQUETE, SOCIETE RURALE, GROUPE D'AGE, PSYCHOLOGIE, HOMME, ISLAM, SYSTEME MATRIMONIAL, NORME, DONNEES STATISTIQUES
Abstract

Les données de trois enquêtes rétrospectives auprès d'hommes et de femmes de milieu rural au Sénégal (région de Niakhar et de Bandafassi) permettent à la fois de produire des statistiques sur l'entrée en vie sexuelle des hommes et de valider la qualité de tels indicateurs. Les indicateurs sur l'entrée en vie sexuelle des femmes sont utilisés ici pour montrer la concordance avec les résultats déjà publiés. L'âge au premier rapport sexuel des hommes et des femmes a été enregistré de manière indépendante sur une même population (Niakhar). La comparaison des âges médians par groupes de générations montre que les indicateurs varient peu et que la même tendance est enregistrée. On en conclue une certaine validité des données sur l'âge au premier rapport sexuel qu'il semble possible de généraliser. Le premier rapport sexuel des hommes est de plus en plus précoce dans les différentes populations étudiées. Les données disponsibles ont permis de mettre en avant certains facteurs : 1) une évolution des normes relatives à la sexualité (i.e. baisse de l'âge à la circoncision) ; 2) l'appartenance ethnique qui ne joue que pour les hommes d'ethnie Peul qui ont une sexualité plus précoce : 3) la religion musulmane qui semble assortie d'un contrôle sur la sexualité plus sévère ; 4) l'instruction qui détache les comportements d'entrée en vie sexuelle du contexte religieux : 5) l'écoute de la radio, qui procure une ouverture au monde extérieur. Ces résultats suggère une individualisation des comportements sexuels des hommes avant le mariage, à l'image de l'individualisation des comportements matrimoniaux qui semble se développer parmi les jeunes générations d'aujourd'hui. (Résumé d'auteur)

Published
1999

126. Methods for Identifying Neisseria meningitidis Carriers: A Multi-Center Study in the African Meningitis Belt

Author

Basta, Nicole E., primary, Stuart, James M., additional, Nascimento, Maria C., additional, Manigart, Olivier, additional, Trotter, Caroline, additional, Hassan-King, Musa, additional, Chandramohan, Daniel, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Berthe, Abdoulaye, additional, Bedru, Ahmed, additional, Tekletsion, Yenenesh K., additional, Collard, Jean-Marc, additional, Jusot, Jean-François, additional, Diallo, Aldiouma, additional, Basséne, Hubert, additional, Daugla, Doumagoum M., additional, Gamougam, Khadidja, additional, Hodgson, Abraham, additional, Forgor, Abudulai A., additional, Omotara, Babatunji A., additional, Gadzama, Galadima B., additional, Watkins, Eleanor R., additional, Rebbetts, Lisa S., additional, Diallo, Kanny, additional, Weiss, Noel S., additional, Halloran, M. Elizabeth, additional, Maiden, Martin C. J., additional, and Greenwood, Brian, additional

Published
2013
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132. Antibody kinetics following vaccination with MenAfriVac: an analysis of serological data from randomised trials

Author

White, Michael, Idoko, Olubukola, Sow, Samba, Diallo, Aldiouma, Kampmann, Beate, Borrow, Ray, and Trotter, Caroline

Subjects
Adult, Male, Blood Bactericidal Activity, Time Factors, Adolescent, Infant, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Meningococcal Vaccines, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Mali, Antibodies, Bacterial, Senegal, 3. Good health, Young Adult, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A, Child, Preschool, Antibody Formation, Humans, Female, Gambia, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (also known as MenAfriVac), was developed with the support of the Meningitis Vaccine Project. Around 280 million individuals aged 1-29 years have been immunised across the African meningitis belt. We analysed the kinetics of vaccine-induced antibody response and assessed the possible implications for duration of protection. METHODS: We obtained data from two longitudinal studies done in The Gambia, Mali, and Senegal of antibody responses in 193 children aged 12-23 months and 604 participants aged 2-29 years following MenAfriVac vaccination. Antibodies were measured using two methods: group A serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay and group A-specific IgG ELISA. Data on antibody responses were analysed using a mixed-effects statistical model accounting for the mean response and variation in patterns of antibody kinetics. Determinants of antibody duration were investigated using regression analysis. FINDINGS: In children age 12-23 months, the reduction in MenAfriVac-induced antibody levels assessed by SBA titres had two phases: with 97·0% (95% credible interval [CrI] 95·1-98·3) of the response being short lived and decaying within the first 6 months and the remainder being long lived and decaying with a half-life of 2690 days (95% CrI 1016-15 078). Antibody levels assessed by SBA titres in participants aged 2-29 years were more persistent, with 95·0% (85·7-98·1) of the response being short lived, and the long lived phase decaying with a half-life of 6007 days (95% CrI 2826-14 279). Greater pre-vaccination antibody levels were associated with greater immunogenicity following vaccination, as well as greater antibody persistence. Despite rapid antibody declines in the first phase, antibodies in the second phase persisted at SBA titres greater than 128. Although there is no strong evidence base for a correlate of protection against infection with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, we use an assumed SBA titre of 128 as a threshold of protection to predict that 20 years after vaccination with a single dose of MenAfriVac, vaccine efficacy will be 52% (29-73) in children vaccinated at age 12-23 months and 70% (60-79) in participants vaccinated at age 2-29 years. INTERPRETATION: Population-level immunity induced by routine vaccination with the Expanded Programme on Immunization is predicted to persist at levels sufficient to confer more than 50% protection over a 20-year time period. Further increases in population-level immunity could be obtained via mass campaigns or by delaying the age of vaccination through the Expanded Programme on Immunization. However, the benefits of such a strategy would need to be weighed against the risks of leaving young children unvaccinated for longer. FUNDING: Meningitis Vaccine Project and Institut Pasteur.

133. Methods for Identifying Neisseria meningitidis Carriers: A Multi-Center Study in the African Meningitis Belt.

Author

Basta, Nicole E., Stuart, James M., Nascimento, Maria C., Manigart, Olivier, Trotter, Caroline, Hassan-King, Musa, Chandramohan, Daniel, Sow, Samba O., Berthe, Abdoulaye, Bedru, Ahmed, Tekletsion, Yenenesh K., Collard, Jean-Marc, Jusot, Jean-François, Diallo, Aldiouma, Basséne, Hubert, Daugla, Doumagoum M., Gamougam, Khadidja, Hodgson, Abraham, Forgor, Abudulai A., and Omotara, Babatunji A.

Subjects
NEISSERIA meningitidis, JUVENILE diseases, EPIDEMIOLOGY, MEDICAL ethics, PHARYNGEAL diseases, TONSIL diseases
Abstract

Objective:Detection of meningococcal carriers is key to understanding the epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis, yet no gold standard has been established. Here, we directly compare two methods for collecting pharyngeal swabs to identify meningococcal carriers. Methods:We conducted cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren at multiple sites in Africa to compare swabbing the posterior pharynx behind the uvula (U) to swabbing the posterior pharynx behind the uvula plus one tonsil (T). Swabs were cultured immediately and analyzed using molecular methods. Results:One thousand and six paired swab samples collected from schoolchildren in four countries were analyzed. Prevalence of meningococcal carriage was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.4-8.6%) based on the results from both swabs, but the observed prevalence was lower based on one swab type alone. Prevalence based on the T swab or the U swab alone was similar (5.2% (95% CI: 3.8-6.7%) versus 4.9% (95% CI: 3.6-6.4%) respectively (p=0.6)). The concordance between the two methods was 96.3% and the kappa was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50-0.73), indicating good agreement. Conclusions:These two commonly used methods for collecting pharyngeal swabs provide consistent estimates of the prevalence of carriage, but both methods misclassified carriers to some degree, leading to underestimates of the prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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134. Sibling status, home birth, tattoos and stitches are risk factors for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Senegalese children: A cross-sectional survey.

Author

Périères L, Protopopescu C, Lo G, Marcellin F, Ba EH, Coste M, Touré Kane C, Diallo A, Sokhna C, and Boyer S

Subjects
Aged, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Hepatitis B virus, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Siblings, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B, Chronic epidemiology, Hepatitis B, Chronic prevention & control, Home Childbirth, Tattooing
Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa's hepatitis B virus (HBV) burden is primarily due to infection in infancy. However, data on chronic HBV infection prevalence and associated risk factors in children born post-HBV vaccination introduction are scarce. We estimated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence and risk factors in Senegalese children born during the HBV vaccination era. In 2018-2019, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Senegal among children born between 2004 and 2015 (ie after the three-dose HBV vaccine series was introduced (2004) but before the birth dose's introduction (2016)). HBsAg-positive children were identified using dried blood spots. A standardized questionnaire collected socioeconomic information. Data were age-sex weighted and calibrated to be representative of children living in the study area. Risk factors associated with HBsAg positivity were identified using negative binomial regression. Among 1,327 children, 17 were HBsAg-positive (prevalence = 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-1.85)). Older age (adjusted incidence-rate ratio [aIRR] 1.31 per one-year increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.57), home vs healthcare facility delivery (aIRR 3.55, 95% CI 1.39-9.02), stitches (lifetime) (aIRR 4.79; 95% CI 1.84-12.39), tattoos (aIRR 8.97, 95% CI 1.01-79.11) and having an HBsAg-positive sibling with the same mother (aIRR 3.05, 95% CI 1.09-8.57) were all independently associated with HBsAg positivity. The low HBsAg prevalence highlights the success of the Senegalese HBV vaccination program. To further reduce HBV acquisition in children, high-risk groups, including pregnant women and siblings of HBsAg-positive individuals, must be screened. Vital HBV infection prevention measures include promoting delivery in healthcare facilities, and increasing awareness of prevention and control procedures., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2021
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135. Social Contact Patterns and Implications for Infectious Disease Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Contact Surveys.

Author

Mousa A, Winskill P, Watson OJ, Ratmann O, Monod M, Ajelli M, Diallo A, Dodd PJ, Grijalva CG, Kiti MC, Krishnan A, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kwok KO, Lanata CF, Le Polain de Waroux O, Leung K, Mahikul W, Melegaro A, Morrow CD, Mossong J, Neal EF, Nokes DJ, Pan-Ngum W, Potter GE, Russell FM, Saha S, Sugimoto JD, Wei WI, Wood RR, Wu JT, Zhang J, Walker PG, and Whittaker C

Abstract

Background: Transmission of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depends on patterns of contact and mixing across populations. Understanding this is crucial to predict pathogen spread and the effectiveness of control efforts. Most analyses of contact patterns to date have focussed on high-income settings., Methods: Here, we conduct a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis of surveys carried out in low- and middle-income countries and compare patterns of contact in these settings to surveys previously carried out in high-income countries. Using individual-level data from 28,503 participants and 413,069 contacts across 27 surveys we explored how contact characteristics (number, location, duration and whether physical) vary across income settings., Results: Contact rates declined with age in high- and upper-middle-income settings, but not in low-income settings, where adults aged 65+ made similar numbers of contacts as younger individuals and mixed with all age-groups. Across all settings, increasing household size was a key determinant of contact frequency and characteristics, but low-income settings were characterised by the largest, most intergenerational households. A higher proportion of contacts were made at home in low-income settings, and work/school contacts were more frequent in high-income strata. We also observed contrasting effects of gender across income-strata on the frequency, duration and type of contacts individuals made., Conclusions: These differences in contact patterns between settings have material consequences for both spread of respiratory pathogens, as well as the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical interventions., Funding: This work is primarily being funded by joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and DFID (MR/R015600/1).

Published
2021
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136. Risk factors for acquisition of meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt.

Author

Cooper LV, Robson A, Trotter CL, Aseffa A, Collard JM, Daugla DM, Diallo A, Hodgson A, Jusot JF, Omotara B, Sow S, Hassan-King M, Manigart O, Nascimento M, Woukeu A, Chandramohan D, Borrow R, Maiden MCJ, Greenwood B, and Stuart JM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Meningitis, Meningococcal microbiology, Middle Aged, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A growth & development, Pharyngitis, Risk Factors, Smoke adverse effects, Smoking adverse effects, Young Adult, Carrier State microbiology, Meningitis, Meningococcal etiology, Respiratory Tract Infections complications, Seasons
Abstract

Objective: To investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt., Methods: Households were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over the whole study period and for each visit were analysed by a series of logistic regressions., Results: Over the course of the study, acquisition was higher in: (i) 5-to 14-year olds, as compared with those 30 years or older (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.9); (ii) smokers (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.98-13); and (iii) those exposed to wood smoke at home (OR 2.6 95% CI 1.3-5.6). The risk of acquisition from one visit to the next was higher in those reporting a sore throat during the dry season (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-6.7) and lower in those reporting antibiotic use (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.56)., Conclusions: Acquisition of meningococcal carriage peaked in school age children. Recent symptoms of sore throat during the dry season, but not during the rainy season, were associated with a higher risk of acquisition. Upper respiratory tract infections may be an important driver of epidemics in the meningitis belt., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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137. A Seroepidemiological Study of Serogroup A Meningococcal Infection in the African Meningitis Belt.

Author

Manigart O, Trotter C, Findlow H, Assefa A, Mihret W, Moti Demisse T, Yeshitela B, Osei I, Hodgson A, Quaye SL, Sow S, Coulibaly M, Diallo K, Traore A, Collard JM, Moustapha Boukary R, Djermakoye O, Mahamane AE, Jusot JF, Sokhna C, Alavo S, Doucoure S, Ba el H, Dieng M, Diallo A, Daugla DM, Omotara B, Chandramohan D, Hassan-King M, Nascimento M, Woukeu A, Borrow R, Stuart JM, and Greenwood B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Africa epidemiology, Aged, Carrier State, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Infant, Male, Meningitis, Meningococcal blood, Meningitis, Meningococcal immunology, Middle Aged, Neisseria meningitidis classification, Neisseria meningitidis immunology, Neisseria meningitidis pathogenicity, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serogroup, Vaccination, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Epidemics, Immunoglobulin G blood, Meningitis, Meningococcal epidemiology, Meningitis, Meningococcal prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines administration & dosage
Abstract

The pattern of epidemic meningococcal disease in the African meningitis belt may be influenced by the background level of population immunity but this has been measured infrequently. A standardised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring meningococcal serogroup A IgG antibodies was established at five centres within the meningitis belt. Antibody concentrations were then measured in 3930 individuals stratified by age and residence from six countries. Seroprevalence by age was used in a catalytic model to determine the force of infection. Meningococcal serogroup A IgG antibody concentrations were high in each country but showed heterogeneity across the meningitis belt. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) was highest in Ghana (9.09 μg/mL [95% CI 8.29, 9.97]) and lowest in Ethiopia (1.43 μg/mL [95% CI 1.31, 1.57]) on the margins of the belt. The force of infection was lowest in Ethiopia (λ = 0.028). Variables associated with a concentration above the putative protective level of 2 μg/mL were age, urban residence and a history of recent vaccination with a meningococcal vaccine. Prior to vaccination with the serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, meningococcal serogroup A IgG antibody concentrations were high across the African meningitis belt and yet the region remained susceptible to epidemics.

Published
2016
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138. Adult non-communicable disease mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites.

Author

Streatfield PK, Khan WA, Bhuiya A, Hanifi SM, Alam N, Bagagnan CH, Sié A, Zabré P, Lankoandé B, Rossier C, Soura AB, Bonfoh B, Kone S, Ngoran EK, Utzinger J, Haile F, Melaku YA, Weldearegawi B, Gomez P, Jasseh M, Ansah P, Debpuur C, Oduro A, Wak G, Adjei A, Gyapong M, Sarpong D, Kant S, Misra P, Rai SK, Juvekar S, Lele P, Bauni E, Mochamah G, Ndila C, Williams TN, Laserson KF, Nyaguara A, Odhiambo FO, Phillips-Howard P, Ezeh A, Kyobutungi C, Oti S, Crampin A, Nyirenda M, Price A, Delaunay V, Diallo A, Douillot L, Sokhna C, Gómez-Olivé FX, Kahn K, Tollman SM, Herbst K, Mossong J, Chuc NT, Bangha M, Sankoh OA, and Byass P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Africa epidemiology, Aged, Asia epidemiology, Autopsy, Databases, Factual, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Data Collection standards, Mortality trends
Abstract

Background: Mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major global issue, as other categories of mortality have diminished and life expectancy has increased. The World Health Organization's Member States have called for a 25% reduction in premature NCD mortality by 2025, which can only be achieved by substantial reductions in risk factors and improvements in the management of chronic conditions. A high burden of NCD mortality among much older people, who have survived other hazards, is inevitable. The INDEPTH Network collects detailed individual data within defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available., Objective: To describe patterns of adult NCD mortality from INDEPTH Network sites across Africa and Asia, according to the WHO 2012 verbal autopsy (VA) cause categories, with separate consideration of premature (15-64 years) and older (65+ years) NCD mortality., Design: All adult deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with VA interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provide person-time denominators for mortality rates., Results: A total of 80,726 adult (over 15 years) deaths were documented over 7,423,497 person-years of observation. NCDs were attributed as the cause for 35.6% of these deaths. Slightly less than half of adult NCD deaths occurred in the 15-64 age group. Detailed results are presented by age and sex for leading causes of NCD mortality. Per-site rates of NCD mortality were significantly correlated with rates of HIV/AIDS-related mortality., Conclusions: These findings present important evidence on the distribution of NCD mortality across a wide range of African and Asian settings. This comes against a background of global concern about the burden of NCD mortality, especially among adults aged under 70, and provides an important baseline for future work.

Published
2014
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139. New malaria-control policies and child mortality in senegal: reaching millennium development goal 4.

Author

Trape JF, Sauvage C, Ndiaye O, Douillot L, Marra A, Diallo A, Cisse B, Greenwood B, Milligan P, Sokhna C, and Molez JF

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Health Services Research, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Malaria drug therapy, Malaria epidemiology, Senegal epidemiology, Child Mortality trends, Communicable Disease Control methods, Health Policy, Malaria mortality, Malaria prevention & control
Abstract

Background: The Demographic Surveillance System established in 1962 in Niakhar, Senegal, is the oldest in Africa. Here, we analyze trends in overall child mortality, malaria, and other causes of death in Niakhar from the beginning of data collection to 2010., Methods: After an initial census, demographic data were updated yearly from 1963 through 2010. From 1984, causes of death were determined by the verbal autopsy technique., Results: During 1963-2010, infant and under-5 mortality rates decreased from 223‰ to 18‰ and from 485‰ to 41‰, respectively. The decrease was progressive during the entire observation period, except during 1990-2000, when a plateau and then an increase was observed. Malaria-attributable mortality in under-5 children decreased from 13.5‰ deaths per 1000 children per year during 1992-1999 to 2.2‰ deaths per 1000 children per year in 2010. During this period, all-cause mortality among children aged <5 years decreased by 80%., Conclusions: Inadequate treatment for chloroquine-resistant malaria and an epidemic of meningitis during the 1990s were the 2 factors that interrupted a continuous decrease in child mortality. Direct and indirect effects of new malaria-control policies, introduced in 2003 and completed during 2006-2008, are likely to have been the key cause of the recent dramatic decrease in child mortality.

Published
2012
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