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Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may change with high-frequency stimulation targeting the subthalamic nucleus. Numerous accounts indicate subthalamic alpha-frequency oscillation is implicated in emotional processing. While intermittent alpha-frequency (10Hz) stimulation induces positive emotional effects, with more ventromedial contacts inducing larger effects, little is known about the subacute effect of ventral 10Hz subthalamic stimulation on emotional processing. Objective/Hypothesis: To evaluate the subacute effect of 10Hz stimulation at bilateral ventral subthalamic nucleus on emotional processing in PD patients using an affective task, compared to that of clinical-frequency stimulation and off-stimulation. Methods: Twenty PD patients with bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation for more than six months were tested with the affective task under three stimulation conditions (10Hz, 130Hz, and off-stimulation) in a double-blinded randomized design. Results: While 130Hz stimulation reduced arousal ratings in all patients, 10Hz stimulation increased arousal selectively in patients with higher depression scores. Furthermore, 10Hz stimulation induced a positive shift in valence rating to negative emotional stimuli in patients with lower apathy scores, and 130Hz stimulation led to more positive valence to emotional stimuli in the patients with higher apathy scores. Notably, we found correlational relationships between stimulation site and affective rating: arousal ratings increase with stimulation from anterior to posterior site, and positive valence ratings increase with stimulation from dorsal to ventral site of the ventral subthalamic nucleus. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the distinctive role of 10Hz stimulation on subjective emotional experience and unveil the spatial organization of the stimulation effect.

AIM:To investigate the effectiveness of surgical simulator-based small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction training for young ophthalmologists.METHODS:Prospective and controlled study. A total of 48 young participants who had completed at least 3a standardized residency training or had obtained the attending certificate in the He Eye Specialist Hospital from 2020 to 2022 were enrolled. All the participants were randomly divided into simulator surgical operation training group(experimental group, n=24)and real animal eye operation training group(control group, n=24)after passing the theoretical training and assessment of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction. The participants in the experimental group and control group were trained with the surgical simulator and pig eyes respectively. After training, the overall effectiveness of training in both groups was rated using the simulator and pig eye operation was evaluated.RESULTS: The participants in the experimental group used less time than the participants in the control group on simulator assessment(all P0.05). For the rest of the steps, the scores of experimental group were higher than those of the control group(all P

The main uses of bullets are as projectiles in firearms for military, law enforcement, and civilian purposes. However, bullets have significant industrial applications beyond their role in weaponry, such as precision drilling, cutting, and shaping of hard materials. Steel bullets have a very resistant structure and will not be damaged if exposed to corrosion. Other applications that are resistant to strike and projectiles, such as the automotive and aerospace industries, are based on fibers or fabrics with high toughness and tensile strength, such as Kevlar and p -aramid fibers, which are impregnated with some thermoplastic or thermoset polymers. Therefore, in the upcoming research, the impact of external force (EF) with various values (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 V/Å) on the strength of Kevlar nanofibers reinforced with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles and ethylene glycol (EG) has been investigated using LAMMPS software. EG and SiO2 nanoparticles with 10 and 2 vol% were added to Kevlar fabrics, creating a shear thickening fluid (STF) nanocomposite. The energy parameters of the interaction between the particles, collision velocity, and the center of mass have been calculated. The findings of the research indicate an increase in the interaction energy from 111271.85 to 154351.15 kcal/mol, an increase in the collision velocity from 0.7046 to 1.5812 Å/fs and an increase in the center of mass from 0.62671 to 1.1670 Å due to the EF applied from 0.2 to 0.4 (kcal/mol)/Å. These results show EF should be optimized in actual cases for the collision process to occur effectively.

Osteosarcoma is a common malignant tumor occurring in children and young adults. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) participates in cell adhesion, cell division, and the formation of neural networks in the body, the biosynthesis of which requires the participation of glycosyltransferases. CHPF, a glycosyltransferase, plays a role in the extension of CS. Recently, CHPF's biological roles and functional importance in human diseases including malignant tumors have been widely discussed. However, whether CHPF is involved in osteosarcoma development and growth has not been revealed. The present work aimed to investigate the expression levels, functional significance and molecular mechanism of CHPF in osteosarcoma progression. Our results revealed that CHPF is strongly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Furthermore, CHPF serves as a tumor promoter in the development and progression of osteosarcoma through enhancing cell proliferation and migration while suppressing apoptosis. Exploration of the mechanism by which CHPF promotes osteosarcoma indicated that CHPF promotes osteosarcoma through counteracting SKP2's ubiquitination and activating the Akt signaling pathway. For the first time, we clarified the roles of CHPF in osteosarcoma, and our results suggested that CHPF might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment strategies for osteosarcoma.

ABSTRACTThe spectrum-effect relationship between chemical fingerprints and antioxidant activities was established to evaluate the quality of Eucommiae Folium (EF) extracts and discover potential efficacy-associated quality markers. Characteristic fingerprints of different batches of EF extracts were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a similarity analysis was performed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Then the total antioxidant capacity assay kit with ferric reducing antioxidant assay (FRAP) method was used to determine antioxidant activity. The spectrum-effect relationship was established to identify the chemical constituents that impart antioxidant activities of Eucommiae Folium (EF) extracts using partial least squares regression (PLSR). HPLC fingerprints of EF extracts were established with the optimized chromatographic conditions: the mobile phase consisted 0.1% phosphoric acid -water (A) and acetonitrile (B), the detection wavelength was 326 nm, the column temperature was 30°C, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The correlation coefficient of similarity between 12 batches of extracts was ≥0.995. Compounds corresponding peaks P1, P2, P6 (chlorogenic acid), and P8 were closely related to the stable antioxidant activities of EF extracts, and could be selected as potential quality markers. An agile and efficient method that can ensure the intra-assay stability of biological activity of EF extracts and discover efficacy-associated quality markers was successfully built based on spectrum-effect relationship.

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are a kind of composite material prepared by alternately arranging fiber layers and metal sheets at a certain temperature and pressure. It has been widely used in aerospace and automobile transportation for its excellent combined mechanical properties. For the forming and failure processes of FMLs, the interfacial behavior and damage evolution of components are hard to be observed experimentally. Therefore, it is of great importance to simulate them accurately. In this article, the development and application of FMLs were first introduced. Then the comparison of constitutive models in FMLs simulation was given, especially the dynamic constitutive model applied to the metal layer. After that, the important aspects of damage evolution, interface behavior, and model optimization in the simulation on the forming and failure process of FMLs were analyzed, and the emphasis is on the nonlinear progressive damage model of different materials, the construction of cohesive zone model and superior meshing methods. Furthermore, the experimental verifications of FMLs simulation were given. It is shown that the deformation behavior and damage characteristics of various kinds of FMLs during forming and failure processing can be accurately predicted by reasonable numerical simulation. Eventually, the future outlooks for numerical simulation of FMLs was proposed. Through this review, scholars and engineers who are interested in FMLs can systematically understand the numerical simulation work of FMLs, which is helpful in improving the quality of research in this field.

The electromagnetic rail launcher has the advantages of high muzzle velocity, long-range and controllability and has received extensive attention from researchers in various countries. The launcher efficiency reflects the ability of the launcher to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy of the load and is an important parameter of the electromagnetic rail launcher, which includes the launcher effective efficiency and launcher ineffective efficiency. The bore parameters and the effective mass ratio are important factors for the launcher efficiency. Finite element simulations and experiments were carried out to study the effects of rail separation, the convex arc height and the effective mass ratio on the launcher effective efficiency. Three conclusions were obtained. (1) The launcher effective efficiency increased with the growth of the effective mass ratio, the launcher effective efficiency rose from 7.91% to 17.17% when the effective mass ratio was in the range of 0.28~0.56, and the average value of the improvement in the launcher effective efficiency under different conditions of bore parameters is 8.24%. (2) The launcher effective efficiency rose with the increment in the rail separation. As the rail separation increased from 14 mm to 16 mm, the launcher effective efficiency improved by an average of 0.70%, and the increment in the launcher effective efficiency decreased with the growth of rail separation. (3) The launcher effective efficiency increased with the growth in the convex arc height. As the convex arc height rose from 0 mm to 1 mm, the launcher effective efficiency improved by 0.77% on average. Moreover, the muzzle velocity and the acceleration process of the armature in the bore were calculated. The conclusions were the same as the conclusions of the experiments.

Background: Lipid metabolism disorder appears to be one of the early features of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which can be speculated via omics analysis including liver transcriptomics and gut microbiota. A complex consisting of the roots of Pueraria lobata and dried fruits of Prunus mume (PPC), which possesses hepatoprotective effects, could serve as a drug or functional food. The lack of non-polysaccharide compounds in PPC with their moderation effects on gut microbiota suggests the necessity for a relevant study. Methods: Six groups of Kunming mice (control, Baijiu injury, silybin, low, medium, and high) were modelled by gavage with Baijiu (for 14 days) and PPC (equivalent to a maximum dose of 9 g/kg in humans). The liver transcriptome data were analyzed to predict gene annotation, followed by the verification of gut microbiota, serum, tissue staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the components. Results: PPC normalized serum ALT (40 U/L), down-regulated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the release of TNF-α (90 pg/mL), improved the expression of occludin, claudin-4, and ZO-1, and restored the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides and Streptococcus. Conclusion: PPC can alleviate ALD by regulating the gut microbiota with an anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier, and has an application value in developing functional foods.

To explore the unique human-water interaction patterns in the Yellow River Delta since 1855, based on historical river channel data and historical village data, the patterns of villages in the Yellow River Delta and their responses to river channels were analysed. The number of new villages in the Yellow River Delta showed an ‘inverted V’-shaped curve after 1855, and the cumulative number of villages showed an ‘S’-shaped curve. The pattern change of villages was influenced by the change in the river system, which expanded to the northwest and southeast directions with the old Tiemenguan River Course as the axis. During this period, differences in riverbed morphology and fluvial areas, the natural evolution of soil in the river delta, and even the guidance of official policies were the key controls of the developing settlement pattern in the delta. Flooding often leads to the formation of new river channels and the abandonment and silting of old river channels. For the dried-up old courses and former flood basin, because the Yellow River sediment has the effect of improving soil structure and fertilizing land, the soil in these areas becomes suitable for farming and settlement. For the active new course, the freshwater from the river can replenish the groundwater and reduce the degree of soil salinization in the surrounding area, thus attracting people to settle. In general, although the Yellow River causes harm from a course change, it also benefits from silted land.

AQPs contribute to breast cancer progression and metastasis. We previously found that genetic inhibition of Aqp7 reduces primary tumor burden and metastasis in breast cancer. In this study, we utilized two AQP inhibitors, Auphen and Z433927330, to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic inhibition of AQPs in breast cancer treatment. The inhibitors were evaluated in breast cancer for both cytotoxicity and metabolic stability assays across both murine and human breast cancer cell lines. Both AQP inhibitors also affected the expression of other AQP transcripts and proteins, which demonstrates compensatory regulation between AQP family members. As a single agent, Auphen treatment in vivo extended overall survival but did not impact primary or metastatic tumor burden. However, Auphen treatment made cells more responsive to chemotherapy (doxorubicin) or endocrine treatment (tamoxifen, fulvestrant). In fact, treatment with Tamoxifen reduced overall AQP7 protein expression. RNA-seq of breast cancer cells treated with Auphen identified mitochondrial metabolism genes as impacted by Auphen and may contribute to reducing mammary tumor progression, lung metastasis, and increased therapeutic efficacy of endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Interestingly, we found that Auphen and tamoxifen cooperate to reduce breast cancer cell viability, which suggests that Auphen treatment makes the cells more susceptible to Tamoxifen. Together, this study highlights AQPs as therapeutic vulnerabilities of breast cancer metastasis that are promising and should be exploited. However, the pharmacologic results suggest additional chemical refinements and optimization of AQP inhibition are needed to make these AQP inhibitors appropriate to use for therapeutic benefit in overcoming endocrine therapy resistance.

As new pesticides continue to emerge in agricultural systems, understanding their environmental behavior is crucial for effective risk assessment. Tiafenacil (TFA), a promising novel pyrimidinedione herbicide, was the focus of this study. We developed an efficient QuEChERS-UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method to measure TFA and its transformation products (TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, and TP5) in soil. Our calibration curves exhibited strong linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9949) ranging from 0.015 to 2.0 mg/kg within a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.0 µg/kg. Inter-day and intra-day recoveries (0.10 to 2.0 mg/kg, 80.59% to 110.05%, RSD from 0.28% to 12.93%) demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy. Additionally, TFA dissipation under aerobic conditions followed first-order kinetics, mainly yielding TP1 and TP4. In contrast, TP1 and TP2 were mainly found under sterilized and anaerobic conditions, and TFA dissipation followed second-order kinetics. Moreover, we predicted the transformation pathways of TFA using density functional theory (DFT) and assessed the toxicity levels of TFA and its TPs to aquatic organisms using ECOSAR. Collectively, these findings hold significant implications for a better understanding of TFA fate in diversified soil, benefiting its risk assessment and rational utilization.

In this study, the crystal plasticity finite element method was established by coupling the crystal plasticity and finite element method (FEM). The effect of rolling deformation and slip system of polycrystalline Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that there was a pronounced heterogeneity in the stress and strain distribution of the material during cold rolling. The maximum strain and shear strain occurred at surface of the material. The smaller the grain size, the lower the strain concentration at the grain boundary. Meanwhile, a smaller strain difference existed between the grain interior and near the boundary. The rotation of grains leads to significant differences in deformation and rotation depending on their initial orientations during the rolling process. The slip system of (11-1) had a large effect on the plastic deformation, (111) is second, and the effect of (1-11) slip system on the plastic deformation is the smallest. After deformation, the grain orientation concentration was increased with deformation. Therefore, both the strength and volume fraction of texture were increased with the increase in rolling deformation. The experimental results of EBSD indicated that the large rolling reduction resulted in severe grain twisting, so the texture strength was increased. The simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental results. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rolling process, microstructure, and performance control of aluminum alloys.

A systematic study was conducted on the influence of silicon on the microstructure, stress distribution, and martensitic nucleation and transformation of 301 metastable austenitic stainless steel during cold-rolling deformation. When the deformation amount of conventional 301 stainless steel is ≤20%, the amount of martensite transformation is very small. When the deformation amount is ≥30%, the amount of martensite transformation significantly increases. The introduction of Si significantly improves the amount of martensite transformation and the uniformity of deformation. 301Si-H has a significantly higher amount of martensite in the same deformation microstructure than conventional 301Si-L with a lower silicon content. Increasing the Si content decreases the stacking fault energy of 301 stainless steel. During deformation, Si tends to cluster at the grain boundaries, reducing stacking fault width and increasing dislocation density, creating sites for shear martensite nucleation at the grain boundaries. Simultaneously, significant deformation encourages the formation of deformation twins and facilitates martensite nucleation.

The bird’s-eye view (BEV) method, which is a vision-centric representation-based perception task, is essential and promising for future Autonomous Vehicle perception. It has advantages of fusion-friendly, intuitive, end-to-end optimization and is cheaper than LiDAR. The performance of existing BEV methods, however, would be deteriorated under the situation of a tire blow-out. This is because they quite rely on accurate camera calibration which may be disabled by noisy camera parameters during blow-out. Therefore, it is extremely unsafe to use existing BEV methods in the tire blow-out situation. In this paper, we propose a geometry-guided auto-resizable kernel transformer (GARKT) method, which is designed especially for vehicles with tire blow-out. Specifically, we establish a camera deviation model for vehicles with tire blow-out. Then we use the geometric priors to attain the prior position in perspective view with auto-resizable kernels. The resizable perception areas are encoded and flattened to generate BEV representation. GARKT predicts the nuScenes detection score (NDS) with a value of 0.439 on a newly created blow-out dataset based on nuScenes. NDS can still obtain 0.431 when the tire is completely flat, which is much more robust compared to other transformer-based BEV methods. Moreover, the GARKT method has almost real-time computing speed, with about 20.5 fps on one GPU.

Most airport surface surveillance systems focus on monitoring and commanding cooperative objects (vehicles) while neglecting the location and detection of non-cooperative objects (humans). Abnormal behavior by non-cooperative objects poses a potential threat to airport security. This study collects surveillance video data from civil aviation airports in several regions of China, and a non-cooperative abnormal behavior localization and detection framework (NC-ABLD) is established. As the focus of this paper, the proposed framework seamlessly integrates a multi-scale non-cooperative object localization module, a human keypoint detection module, and a behavioral classification module. The framework uses a serial structure, with multiple modules working in concert to achieve precise position, human keypoints, and behavioral classification of non-cooperative objects in the airport field. In addition, since there is no publicly available rich dataset of airport aprons, we propose a dataset called IIAR-30, which consists of 1736 images of airport surfaces and 506 video clips in six frequently occurring behavioral categories. The results of experiments conducted on the IIAR-30 dataset show that the framework performs well compared to mainstream behavior recognition methods and achieves fine-grained localization and refined class detection of typical non-cooperative human abnormal behavior on airport apron surfaces.

In 2022, Beller and coworkers achieved the reversible hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid using a Mn(I)–PN5P complex with excellent activity and reusability of the catalyst. To understand the detailed mechanism for the reversible hydrogen release–storage process, especially the effects of the transition metal center in this process, we employed DFT calculations according to which Ru(II) and Fe(II) are considered as two alternatives to the Mn(I) center. Our computational results showed that the production of formic acid from CO2 hydrogenation is not thermodynamically favorable. The reversible hydrogen release–storage process actually occurs between CO2/H2 and formate rather than formic acid. Moreover, Mn(I) might not be a unique active metal for the reversible hydrogenation of CO2 to formate; Ru(II) would be a better option.

The rapid development of industrialization has resulted in the excessive emission of hazardous contaminants into our water and air resources, adversely affecting both health and the environment [...]

Online platforms shape and facilitate our social, economic, and political activities. Sex workers have long pioneered their use for advertising, providing services, screening clients, collecting payments, and peer-interaction, among other activities. To learn more about the platforms sex workers use and how they engage and resist platforms’ power, we consider the following questions: How and to what extent do sex workers engage with online platforms? How do these platforms’ policies and practices shape the conditions of their work? And, how do sex workers negotiate these platforms’ power? Drawing on data from a national survey of 440 sex workers, developed in partnership with sex workers across the United States, we found that sex workers use a range of online platforms for their work. However, platform policies and practices often remove and/or limit sex workers’ access, thereby restricting their ability to earn income and also compromising their safety, and these effects stratify along the lines of race, gender, and ability. Sex workers respond to and resist platforms’ policies through various pre-emptive and pro-active actions. Our study expands the existing research on sex work and online platforms, particularly to illuminate the consequences of corporate-led platform policy development and implementation for marginalized workers.

Maize is most sensitive to drought stress at the floral stage by reducing tassel and silk quality, and thus improving drought tolerance at this stage may help preserve yield. It has been reported that BRs (brassinosteroids) promote floral development under drought stress. However, the function of the brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene ZmDWARF11 (ZmD11) on floral growth under drought stress has not been elucidated. This study found that under normal growth conditions, the heterologous over-expression of ZmD11 significantly enhanced both the vegetative growth and floral development of tobacco. Under drought stress, overexpressing ZmD11 reduced stress-induced tobacco flower size reduction, while it did not affect vegetative growth. After drought treatment, the activities of protective enzymes, including CAT (Catalase), SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), and POD (Peroxidase), were higher, while the content of MDA (Malondialdehyde) was lower in ZmD11 over-expression tobacco lines than that in the wild type control. The relative expression of dehydrin-related genes NtLeat5 and NtERD10 was increased in ZmD11 over-expression tobacco lines compared to that in the control. In summary, we reported that ZmD11 plays a role in tobacco floral development under drought stress. Our data are valuable in understanding the functions of BRs in regulating plant floral development under drought stress.

Online education review data have strong statistical and predictive power but lack efficient and accurate analysis methods. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal emotion analysis method to analyze the online education of college students based on educational data. Specifically, we design a multi-modal emotion analysis method that combines text and emoji data, using pre-training emotional prompt learning to enhance the sentiment polarity. We also analyze whether this fusion model reflects the true emotional polarity. The conducted experiments show that our multi-modal emotion analysis method achieves good performance on several datasets, and multi-modal emotional prompt methods can more accurately reflect emotional expressions in online education data.

Highway guardrails are safety installations set along the sides or center of roads to prevent vehicles from veering off the roadway, thereby protecting pedestrians and vehicles. However, traditional W-beam guardrails have issues such as poor energy absorption, susceptibility to rust, short lifespan, and a high risk of vehicles running off the road during severe collisions. Therefore, this study employs the partial differential equations of the vertical motion of beams to investigate the relationship between the deformation of wave beams and their moment of inertia. The cross-sectional shape of traditional W-beam guardrails was optimized accordingly. Combining this with the high ductility of aluminum alloy Al 6061-T6, a new aluminum alloy W-beam guardrail was proposed. Finite element simulation models of traditional steel guardrails, new steel guardrails, and the new aluminum alloy guardrail were established to evaluate the performance of the three types of guardrails. The results show that the deformation of the wave beam is inversely proportional to the square root of its moment of inertia. Compared to traditional W-beam guardrails, the moment of inertia of the new guardrail’s cross-section increased by 28.6%. In finite element collision simulations, the new guardrail reduced deformation by 12.8%, lowered the risk of vehicles running off the road, and improved safety performance.

Despite their proficiency with typical environmental datasets, deep learning-based object detection algorithms struggle when faced with diverse adverse weather conditions. Moreover, existing methods often address single adverse weather scenarios, neglecting situations involving multiple concurrent adverse conditions. To tackle these challenges, we propose an enhanced approach to object detection in power construction sites under various adverse weather conditions, dubbed IDP-YOLOV9. This model leverages a parallel architecture comprising the Image Dehazing and Enhancement Processing (IDP) module and an improved YOLOV9 object detection module. Specifically, for images captured in adverse weather, our approach employs a parallel architecture that includes the Three-Weather Removal Algorithm (TRA) module and the Deep Learning-based Image Enhancement (DLIE) module, which, together, filter multiple weather factors to enhance image quality. Subsequently, we introduce an improved YOLOV9 detection network module that incorporates a three-layer routing attention mechanism for object detection. Experiments demonstrate that the IDP module significantly improves image quality by mitigating the impact of various adverse weather conditions. Compared to traditional single-processing models, our method improves recognition accuracy on complex weather datasets by 6.8% in terms of mean average precision (mAP50).

Monitoring ships on water surfaces encounters obstacles such as weather conditions, sunlight, and water ripples, posing significant challenges in accurately detecting target ships in real time. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers a viable solution for real-time ship detection, unaffected by cloud coverage, precipitation, or light levels. However, SAR images are often affected by speckle noise, salt-and-pepper noise, and water surface ripple interference. This study introduces LCAS-DetNet, a Multi-Location Cross-Attention Ship Detection Network tailored for the ships in SAR images. Modeled on the YOLO architecture, LCAS-DetNet comprises a feature extractor, an intermediate layer (“Neck”), and a detection head. The feature extractor includes the computation of Multi-Location Cross-Attention (MLCA) for precise extraction of ship features at multiple scales. Incorporating both local and global branches, MLCA bolsters the network’s ability to discern spatial arrangements and identify targets via a cross-attention mechanism. Each branch utilizes Multi-Location Attention (MLA) and calculates pixel-level correlations in both channel and spatial dimensions, further combating the impact of salt-and-pepper noise on the distribution of objective ship pixels. The feature extractor integrates downsampling and MLCA stacking, enhanced with residual connections and Patch Embedding, to improve the network’s multi-scale spatial recognition capabilities. As the network deepens, we consider this structure to be cascaded and multi-scale, providing the network with a richer receptive field. Additionally, we introduce a loss function based on Wise-IoUv3 to address the influence of label quality on the gradient updates. The effectiveness of our network was validated on the HRSID and SSDD datasets, where it achieved state-of-the-art performance: a 96.59% precision on HRSID and 97.52% on SSDD.

In this work, the preparation of titanium sponge by magnesium thermal method is regarded as the liquid-phase sintering process of titanium, and powder-metallurgy sintering technology is utilized to simulate the aggregation–growth and densification behavior of titanium particles in a high-temperature liquid medium (the molten Mg-MgCl2 system). It was found that compared with MgCl2, Mg has better high-temperature wettability and reduction effect, which promotes titanium particles to form a sponge titanium skeleton at lower temperature. The aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of a sponge titanium skeleton can be improved by increasing the temperature and the relative content of Mg in the melting medium. The kinetics study shows that with the increase in temperature, the porosity of the titanium particle aggregates and the sponge titanium skeleton decreases, and their density growth rate increases. With the extension of time, the aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of sponge titanium gradually increase. This work provides a theoretical reference for controlling the density of titanium sponge in industry.

To tackle the intricate challenges associated with the low detection accuracy of images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), arising from the diverse sizes and types of objects coupled with limited feature information, we present the SRE-YOLOv8 as an advanced method. Our method enhances the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm by leveraging the Swin Transformer and a lightweight residual feature pyramid network (RE-FPN) structure. Firstly, we introduce an optimized Swin Transformer module into the backbone network to preserve ample global contextual information during feature extraction and to extract a broader spectrum of features using self-attention mechanisms. Subsequently, we integrate a Residual Feature Augmentation (RFA) module and a lightweight attention mechanism named ECA, thereby transforming the original FPN structure to RE-FPN, intensifying the network’s emphasis on critical features. Additionally, an SOD (small object detection) layer is incorporated to enhance the network’s ability to recognize the spatial information of the model, thus augmenting accuracy in detecting small objects. Finally, we employ a Dynamic Head equipped with multiple attention mechanisms in the object detection head to enhance its performance in identifying low-resolution targets amidst complex backgrounds. Experimental evaluation conducted on the VisDrone2021 dataset reveals a significant advancement, showcasing an impressive 9.2% enhancement over the original YOLOv8 algorithm.

In this paper, we consider the influence of a nonlinear contact rate caused by multiple contacts in classical SIR model. In this paper, we unversal unfolding a nilpotent cusp singularity in such systems through normal form theory, we reveal that the system undergoes a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation with codimension 2. During the bifurcation process, numerous lower codimension bifurcations may emerge simultaneously, such as saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations with codimension 1. Finally, employing the Matcont and Phase Plane software, we construct bifurcation diagrams and topological phase portraits. Additionally, we emphasize the role of symmetry in our analysis. By considering the inherent symmetries in the system, we provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamical behavior. Our findings suggest that if this occurrence rate is applied to the SIR model, it would yield different dynamical phenomena compared to those obtained by reducing a 3-dimensional dynamical model to a planar system by neglecting the disease mortality rate, which results in a stable nilpotent cusp singularity with codimension 2. We found that in SIR models with the same occurrence rate, both stable and unstable Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations occur, meaning both stable and unstable limit cycles appear in this system.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Affected patients experience gradual loss of their spinal cord and cortical motor neurons with consequent muscle weakness and emaciation, and eventual respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of ALS remains largely unknown although the FUS (sarcoma fusion gene) gene is known to be one of the major pathogenic genes. We have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line SMUSHi002-A from an ALS patient who carries a heterozygous mutation c.1562G > A in FUS. This cell line will serve as a useful model to investigate disease pathogenesis and develop potential therapeutic approaches for ALS.

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by herbal medicines. Proline–serine–threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in kidney injury and immune defense, respectively, but the mechanism underlying AAN regulation by PSTPIP2 and NETs remains unclear. We found that renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory factor, and NET production were increased in a mouse model of AAN, while PSTPIP2 expression was low. Conditional knock-in of Pstpip2 in mouse kidneys inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced neutrophil infiltration, suppressed the production of inflammatory factors and NETs, and ameliorated renal dysfunction. Conversely, downregulation of Pstpip2 expression promoted kidney injury. In vivo, the use of Ly6G-neutralizing antibody to remove neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors to prevent NET formation reduced apoptosis, alleviating kidney injury. In vitro, damaged RTECs released interleukin-19 (IL-19) via the PSTPIP2/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway and induced NET formation via the IL-20Rβ receptor. Concurrently, NETs promoted apoptosis of damaged RTECs. PSTPIP2 affected NET formation by regulating IL-19 expression via inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation in RTECs, inhibiting RTEC apoptosis, and reducing kidney damage. Our findings indicated that neutrophils and NETs play a key role in AAN and therapeutic targeting of PSTPIP2/NF-κB/IL-19/IL-20Rβ might extend novel strategies to minimize Aristolochic acid I-mediated acute kidney injury and apoptosis.

The balance of the microbiome, which is sensitive to temperature changes, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and reducing the risk of diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which immunity and microbiota interact to adapt to cold stress have yet to be addressed. In this study, Nanjiang Yellow goats were chosen as a model and sampled during the cold (winter, cold stress) and warm (spring) seasons, respectively. Analyses of serum immune factors, as well as the composition of rumen and fecal microbial communities, were conducted to explore the crosstalk between microbiota and innate immunity under cold stress. Significantly increased levels of IgA (P < 0.01) were observed in the cold season compared to the warm season. Conversely, the levels of IL-2 (P = 0.02) and IL-6 (P < 0.01) diminished under cold stress. However, no significant differences were observed in IgG (P = 0.89), IgM (P = 0.42), and IL-4 (P = 0.56). While there were no significant changes in the diversity of bacterial communities between the warm and cold seasons, positive correlations between serum IgA, IL-2, IL-6 concentrations and several genera were observed. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the microbiota enriched in the MEbrown module positively correlated with IgA, while the microbiota enriched in the MEblue module positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6. The strong correlation between certain probiotics, including Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Prevotellaceae_UCG.004, and the concentration of IL-2, and IL-6 suggests their potential role in immunomodulatory properties. This study provides valuable insights into the crosstalk between microbial communities and immune responses under the challenge of cold stress. Further studies on the immunomodulatory properties of these probiotics would contribute to the development of strategies to enhance the stress resistance of animals for improved overall health and survival.

The difficulty and complexity of lead extraction procedures increase with the age of the lead to be extracted. The extraction of old (>20 years) leads is more time-consuming and requires advanced tools and a complex technique. In this case, we retrieved a very old (>30 years) lead using a loop formed by a catheter and a gooseneck snare. The catheter was rotated to remove the lead-bound sites. The lead was successfully retrieved using a Needle's Eye Snare.

In this study, we investigated the effect of solid-state fermentation of Pleurotus eryngii on the composition and antioxidant activity of Tartary buckwheat (TB). Firstly, the solid-state fermentation of P. eryngii mycelium with buckwheat was carried out, and the fermentation process was explored. The results of the extraction process and method selection experiments showed that the percolation extraction method was superior to the other two methods. The results of extraction rate, active components and antioxidant activity measurements before and after fermentation of TB extract showed that the extraction rate increased about 1.7 times after fermentation. Total flavonoids, rutin and triterpene contents were increased after fermentation compared to control. Meanwhile, LC-MS results showed an increase in the content of the most important substances in the fermented TB extract and the incorporation of new components, such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, amino acids, and D-chiral inositol. The fermented TB extract showed stronger antioxidant activity, while the protein and amino acid contents increased by 1.93-fold and 1.94-fold, respectively. This research was the first to use P. eryngii to ferment TB and prepared a lyophilized powder that could be used directly using vacuum freeze-drying technology. Not only the use of solid-state fermentation technology advantages of edible fungi to achieve value-added buckwheat, but also to broaden the scope of TB applications. This study will provide ideas and directions for the development and application of edible mushroom fermentation technology and TB.

Objective: Fungiform papillae contain taste buds and play a critical role in mastication and the gustatory system. In this study, we report a series of sequential observations of organogenesis of fungiform papillae in miniature pigs, as well as changes in the expression of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1 signaling pathway components. Design: In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression patterns of BMP, Wnt, Sox2 and Notch in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs at the bud stage (E40), cap stage (E50) and bell stage (E60). Pregnant miniature pigs were obtained, and the samples were processed for histological staining. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2, BMP4, Wnt5a, Sox2, and Notch1. Results: At E40, fungiform papillae were present on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue in a specific array and pattern. The fungiform papillae were enlarged and basically developed at E50 and were largest at the earlier stage (E60). Most of the BMP2 was concentrated in the epithelial layer and the connective tissue core of the fungal papilloma and gradually accumulated from E40-E60. BMP-4 was weakly expressed in the fungiform papillae epithelia, but BMP-4-positive cells were also observed in the developing tongue muscle at E50 and E60. Wnt5a-positive cells were observed in the fungiform papillae epithelia and developing tongue muscle at all three time points. Sox2-positive cells were observed only in fungiform papillae epithelial cells, and Notch1-positive cells could not be detected. Conclusions: This study provides primary data regarding the morphogenesis and expression of developmental signals in the fungiform papillae of miniature pigs, establishing a foundation for further research in both this model and humans.

Brown carbon (BrC) is an important light-absorbing component of organic carbon (OC), causing large uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing evaluation and being related to health issues as well. Knowledge of BrC in an atmospheric background station is beneficial to understand its role in a changing climate. A year-long sampling campaign was conducted at Nanling background station to get a comprehensive knowledge of WS-BrC, a total of seventy-two PM2.5 samples throughout a year were used. Light absorption and fluorescence spectra of WSOC were analyzed synchronously using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The low levels of PM2.5, OC, and elemental carbon (EC) conferred a background site. The optical properties of WS-BrC were characterized using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The WS-BrC made a significant contribution (365 nm, 18% ± 10%) to total carbonaceous aerosol absorption. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of WS-BrC is 0.81 ± 0.34 m2 gC–1, and varies among seasons due to the different sources or atmospheric processing. Three EEM fluorescent components were identified by parallel factor (PAFAFAC) analysis, including two humic-like substances (HULIS, C1, C2), and one phenolic-like component. The HULIS components accounted for approximately 70% of the total fluorescence intensities. Primary combustion emissions showed enhanced activity during the winter and spring seasons, but there were no significant influences on WS-BrC in spring. Secondary sources contributed significantly to WS-BrC during winter, summer, and autumn (all exceeding 50%), except for spring. Photooxidation is a significant process in the formation of secondary WS-BrC in winter and autumn, but there may be another formation pathway in summer, i.e., the ammonia pathway. This study contributes to our understanding of BrC in the background atmosphere.

ObjectiveVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely used in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of VNS, focusing on factors that can influence the efficacy of VNS, and construct a prediction model for the efficacy of VNS in the treatment of DRE children.MethodsRetrospectively analyzed 45 DRE children who underwent VNS at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from June 2016 to November 2022. A ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency was defined as responder, logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze factors affecting the efficacy of VNS, and a predictive model was constructed. The predictive model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA).ResultsA total of 45 DRE children were included in this study, and the frequency of seizures was significantly reduced after VNS treatment, with 25 responders (55.6%), of whom 6 (13.3%) achieved seizure freedom. There was a significant improvement in the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (15.5%) and Seizure Severity Score (46.2%). 16 potential factors affecting the efficacy of VNS were included, and three statistically significant positive predictors were ultimately screened: shorter seizure duration, focal seizure, and absence of intellectual disability. We developed a nomogram for predicting the efficacy of VNS in the treatment of DRE children. The ROC curve confirmed that the predictive model has good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.864, P < 0.05), and the nomogram can be further validated by bootstrapping for 1,000 repetitions, with a C-index of 0.837. Besides, this model showed good fitting and calibration and positive net benefits in decision curve analysis.ConclusionVNS is a safe and effective treatment for DRE children. We developed a predictive nomogram for the efficacy of VNS, which provides a basis for more accurate selection of VNS patients.

This article intends to study the influence of micro-texture and Vickers hardness on the Polished Stone Value (PSV) of four types of high friction aggregates (90# Bauxite, 75# Bauxite, Basalt, and Granite) during the long-term polishing process. For this purpose, profile roughness, Vickers hardness, and PSV were tested. The relationship between profile roughness, Vickers hardness, and PSV was analyzed with gray correlation analysis and mathematical fitting. The results show that arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and maximum height (Rz) influenced PSV significantly while root mean square height (Rq), skewness (Rsk), kurtosis (Rku), and load length ratio (Rmr (c)) had a relatively weak effect. Because of the high correlation with PSV, Ra and Rz were chosen as indicators, and the relationship between variables (Ra, Rz) and PSV was established. There is a good linear relationship between the attenuation rate of Ra and Rz per polishing cycle (K1 and K2) and Vickers hardness. Finally, a model of estimation of the polished stone value of high friction aggregate based on micro-texture and Vickers hardness during the long-term polishing process is developed. Measuring the profile roughness and Vickers hardness to obtain Ra, Rz, and H correlation values and substituting them into the modeling equations in this paper can be used for optimal selection and life estimation of high friction aggregates, which belong to the raw materials, and the optimal selection of high friction aggregates will be helpful for the design of wear-resistant coatings, especially for high friction surface treatments.

Background: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shenlingyigan decoction on acute liver injury. Further explored the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic properties of Shenlingyigan decoction by test several key proteins (TLR3, TRIF, TBK1, IRF3, IFNβ, IL-1 and IL-6) within the TLR3 signaling pathway. Methods: The mouse acute liver injury model group was established by pretreatment with D-GalN and Poly (I:C) induction. The acute liver injury mouse treatment groups were gavage with different doses of Shenlingyigan decoction for 3 days. The therapeutic effects of Shenlingyigan decoction were preliminarily evaluated using organ indices, tissue images, and HE staining. Furthermore, potential associated signaling pathways and target effects were predicted through network pharmacology. Western blot experiments were conducted to examine the expression of relevant proteins (TLR3, TRIF, TBK1, IRF3, IL-1, and IL-6). In addition, immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess the localization of IRF3 and IFNβ expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Finally, the effects of Shenlingyigan decoction on the expression of TLR3, TRIF, TBK1 and IRF3 genes were further studied by QT-PCR. Results: The liver organ index, the tissue photos and HE staining showed that Shenlingyigan decoction could reduce inflammation by decreasing the presence of inflammatory cells and downregulating the expression of IL-1 and IL-6. The result of network pharmacology showed 709 potential drug and disease overlapping targets. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was related with these targets through KEGG analysis. Besides, TLR3, TBK1, IRF3, IL6, were important targets associated with viral hepatitis. Westernblot and Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Shenlingyigan decoction reduced the expression of TLR3 and TBK1 in mice with liver injury, while increasing the expression of IRF3. Shenlingyigan decoction does not significantly affect the expression of TRIF and IFNβ; however, it enhances the expression of IRF3 in the nucleus, consequently leading to increased expression of IFNβ in the nucleus. The results of QT-PCR showed that Shenlingyigan decoction could down-regulate the expression of TLR3, TRIF and TBK1 genes, and up-regulate the expression of IRF3 gene. Conclusions: Shenlingyigan decoction participated in immune responses by effecting the expression of TLR3 signaling pathway-related factors to treat the acute liver injury.

Objective: The clinical impact of baseline mitral regurgitation (MR) on the outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is not clear. This study sought to assess the clinical impact of baseline MR on outcomes after TAVR. Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis. Data was from 120 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing TAVR at our center from June 2018 and July 2020. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 30-day, 1- and 2-year follow-up. Results: The median follow-up was 736.0 (interquartile range, 666.0–965.0) days. Overall survival in patients with nonsignificant and significant baseline MR was not significantly different, while patients from the improved MR group after TAVR demonstrated a significantly higher survival than unchanged or worsened MR group during 2-year follow-up. NYHA functional class had generally improved at 1 year, with only 8.3 % of patients with nonsignificant MR and 17.5 % of patients with significant MR in class III or IV. Patients with improved MR at 1 year after TAVR had a significantly higher LVEF, smaller LVEDD and LVESD than those with unchanged or worsened MR. Among the significant baseline MR group, 70.4 % and 80.0 % of patients had improved to nonsignificant MR at 30-day and 1-year follow-up after TAVR, respectively. Conclusions: Significant baseline MR was not associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality 2 years after TAVR. Significant baseline MR was improved in most patients at 1 year after TAVR. Patients with unchanged or worsened MR had an increased all-cause mortality.

With global climate warming, the variability of climate and weather tends to increase driving the water resources available for vegetation become more uncertain. Therefore, there is still a debate as to how vegetation response to, and to which extent it is constrained to water availability. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between vegetation growth and water availability in the Northern Hemisphere from 1982 to 2018. The condition of vegetation growth was characterized by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Leaf Area Index (LAI), while the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) represented water condition. Our results suggest that the water deficit stress on vegetation growth in the Northern Hemisphere caused by global warming may not be as severe as described in previous studies. Although there was an increasing trend in areas where vegetation growth was constrained by water deficit in the Northern Hemisphere, such trend was not significant; in contrast, there was a significant decreasing trend in areas where vegetation growth was constrained by surplus water. In addition, there was a spatial variability in water availability for vegetation growth at mid and high latitudes. We further found that the response time of vegetation to both water deficit and water surplus was increasing, indicating that the cumulative effect of water availability on vegetation growth was delaying, and that vegetation tends to be affected by climatic extreme events such as drought with longer time scales. Our results highlight the need to reconsider the response of vegetation activities to water availability, and shed light on a more divers reaction pattern of vegetation to water in the context of climate change.

A porous structure is essential for bone implants because it increases the bone ingrowth space and improves mechanical and biological properties. The biomimetically designed porous Voronoi scaffold can reconstruct the structure and function of cancellous bone; however, its comprehensive properties need to be investigated further. In this study, algorithms based on scaling factors were used to design the Voronoi scaffolds. Classic approaches, such as computer-aided design and the implicit surface method, have been used to design Diamond, Gyroid, and I-WP scaffolds as controls. All scaffolds were prepared by selective laser melting of titanium alloys and three-dimensional printing. Mechanical tests, finite element analysis, and in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the biomechanical, cytologic, and osteogenic performance of the scaffolds, while computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Diamond scaffolds have a better loading capacity, and the mechanical behaviors and fluid flow of Voronoi scaffolds are similar to those of the human trabecular bone. Cells showed more proliferation and distribution on the Diamond and Voronoi scaffolds and exhibited evident differentiation on Gyroid and Voronoi scaffolds. Bone formation was apparent on the inner part of the Gyroid, the outer part of the I-WP, and the entire Diamond and Voronoi scaffolds. The hydrodynamic properties and stimulus response of cells influenced by the porous structure account for the varied biological performance of the scaffolds. The Voronoi scaffolds with bionic mechanical behavior and an appropriate hydrodynamic response exhibit evident cell growth and osteogenesis, making them preferable for porous structural bone implants.

Surface charge localization and inferior charge transfer efficiency seriously restrict the supply of reactive hydrogen and the reaction dynamics of CO2 photoreduction performance of photocatalysts. Herein, chemically bonded BiVO4/Bi19Cl3S27 (BVO/BCS) S-scheme heterojunction with a strong internal electric field is designed. Experimental and density function theory calculation results confirm that the elaborated heterojunction accelerates the vectorial migration of photogenerated charges from BiVO4 to Bi19Cl3S27 via the interfacial chemical bonding interactions (i.e., Bi-O and Bi-S bonds) between Bi atoms of BVO and S atoms of BCS or Bi atoms of BCS and O atoms of BVO under light irradiation, breaking the interfacial barrier and surface charge localization of Bi19Cl3S27, and further decreasing the energy of reactive hydrogen generation, CO2 absorption and activation. The separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers is much more efficient than that counterpart individual in BVO/BCS S-scheme heterojunction system. As a result, BVO/BCS heterojunction exhibits a significantly improved continuous photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction and the 24 ​h CO yield reaches 678.27 ​μmol·g−1. This work provides an atomic-level insight into charge transfer kinetics and CO2 reduction mechanism in S-scheme heterojunction.

Background and aimCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals across different categories of metabolic obesity phenotypes is controversial. The study used body fat percentage (BFP) or body mass index (BMI) to categorize obese status and to investigate the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and CVD risk in a nationally representative population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 49463 adult participants in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2020. Metabolic healthy status was defined by the absence of metabolic syndrome according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Group definition. Obesity was identified by BFP, assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and BMI. The primary outcome was CVD prevalence. The multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the associations between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of CVD.ResultsAmong 49463 adult participants, 32.12% were metabolically unhealthy, 34.10% were overweight, 37.94% were obese; and 8.41% had CVD. Compared with metabolic healthy normal weight, metabolic healthy obesity, and metabolic unhealthy normal weight/overweight/obesity were all associated with increased CVD risk with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.45 (1.14-1.85), 2.80(1.53-5.11), 2.55(1.88-3.47), and 2.96(2.18-4.02), respectively. Nonlinear dose-response relationships between BFP and CVD were observed both in metabolically healthy and unhealthy participants (both P for non-linearityConclusionsMetabolic healthy and unhealthy obesity were both associated with higher risks of CVD, whether using BFP or BMI to define obese status. It suggests that metabolic obesity phenotype is a risk factor for CVD.

Food security has been challenging in many countries due to climate change, population growth, water scarcity, and bio-energy development. This work quantifies the impact of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus coupling coordination on food security in China through a multidimensional approach to promote food security and resource sustainability. We first quantify the coupling coordination degree of the WEF nexus using the entropy weight TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. And then Ordinary Least Squares Multiple Linear Regression model is employed to explore the impact of the WEF nexus coupling coordination degree on food security. The findings show that an improvement of 1% in the coupling coordination degree of the WEF increases the total grain yield, per capita grain yield, grain yield per unit by 2.69%, 1.12% and 2.77%, respectively. It is also found that improvement of WEF coupling coordination is conducive to enhancing food self-sufficiency rate and stabilizing food price. And the increment in grain yield is achieved by increasing the effective irrigated area and agricultural machinery inputs. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of the WEF nexus on the total grain yield and per capita yield is more significant in the central region, and the improvement of grain yield per unit is more effective in the west. Meanwhile, the interaction term analysis demonstrates that cropping structure, agricultural subsidies, and water-saving technologies all strengthen the positive contribution of the WEF nexus to food security.

Traditional algorithms do not fully utilize the timing information of non-cooperative targets, and setting too many motion parameters can lead to complex dynamic model calculations. This paper proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based method for estimating the parameters of the active segment of the non-cooperative target under single-satellite observation. Based on the simulation training set of the active segment of the non-cooperative target, the network parameters of the LSTM network are designed, the motion characteristics of the active segment of the non-cooperative target are fully excavated through data-driven methods, and the candidate cutting trajectories are screened and predicted to realize the estimation of the motion parameters of the active segment of the non-cooperative target under the condition of single-satellite observation. The experimental results show that the estimation method proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the inaccurate problem with the non-cooperative target’s active segment motion model established under the condition of single-satellite observation, obtain more accurate active segment motion parameters, and provide a feasible new idea and method for the parameter estimation of the active segment of the non-cooperative target under the single-satellite observation.

Of late, intensive agricultural practices are often associated with many negative implications for soil systems, such as decline in soil organic matter and biological diversity, and increase in the risk of soil erosion, and degradation of soil physical quality. However, conservation agriculture (CA) offers minimum soil disturbance, improving and creating more efficient use of natural resources, enhancing use efficiency of external inputs and increasing soil functioning, organic matter content, and biodiversity. However, CA practices need to be redefined at the specific field level or growing conditions to promote sustainable production system without deteriorating soil health, and to manage profitability. Therefore, a fixed-site field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different tillage and residue management practices; CT0 (puddled transplanted rice followed by conventional tilled wheat sown with residue removal); CTR (puddled transplanted rice followed by conventional tilled wheat sown with residue retention); NT0 (direct seeded rice followed by zero-tilled wheat sown with residue removal); NTR (direct seeded rice followed by zero-tilled wheat sown with residue retention) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and grain yield of rice–wheat double cropping system. The results showed that the mean SOC stock increased by 31%, 21.9% and 15.3% and by 35.2%, 22% and 17% under NTR, CTR, and NT0 compared with CT0. Furthermore, the SOC sequestration rate in NTR was significantly higher than other treatments. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration was 58.4% higher in 0–15 cm than 15–30 cm soil layer, and the maximum concentration was recorded under NTR and minimum was under CT0. The highest average rice grain yield was recorded under CTR, which was 5.5%, 16.2% and 24.3% higher than CT0, NTR and NT0, respectively. Both NTR and CTR produced more average wheat yield, which was 8.4% and 8.5% higher than CT0 and NT0, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed that cumulative cropping system yield and SOC were increased under CTR, NTR as compared to other treatments. Therefore, it can be drawn that residue retention could be a useful management practice to increase SOC stock and grain yield under both tillage practices in the rice–wheat cropping system.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability, characterized by chronic pain, irreversible destruction, and loss of function of the articular cartilage. The integrity and arrangement of the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for maintaining the elasticity, integrity, and mechanical support function of the cartilage tissue. Osteoarthritis causes substantial changes in the ECM, driving the progression of the disease. Recent studies have shown that the ECM plays a critical role in the development of cartilage tissue as well as the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis by directly or indirectly regulating chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs derived from large transcripts. Mutations and disorders of lncRNAs are closely related to the development of osteoarthritis. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs in osteoarthritic cartilage regulates the synthesis and decomposition of the cartilaginous ECM. Therefore, the use of lncRNAs as nucleic acid drugs that regulate their targets may reduce ECM degradation, thereby delaying the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. In this review, the regulatory effects of lncRNAs on ECM in different cell behaviors related to OA are summarized. The roles of lncRNAs in the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and ECM-related gene activity of chondrocytes, as well as the application of lncRNAs as potential gene therapy drugs for the repair and regeneration of osteoarthritic tissue, are also reviewed. A better understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in guiding chondrocyte behavior and ECM metabolism is critical for their future applications in osteoarthritis therapy and regenerative medicine.

The development of intensive care medicine is inseparable from the diversified monitoring data. Intensive care medicine has been closely integrated with data since its birth. Critical care research requires an integrative approach that embraces the complexity of critical illness and the computational technology and algorithms that can make it possible. Considering the need of standardization of application of big data in intensive care, Intensive Care Medicine Branch of China Health Information and Health Care Big Data Society, Standard Committee has convened expert group, secretary group and the external audit expert group to formulate Chinese Experts’ Consensus on the Application of Intensive Care Big Data (2022). This consensus makes 29 recommendations on the following five parts: Concept of intensive care big data, Important scientific issues, Standards and principles of database, Methodology in solving big data problems, Clinical application and safety consideration of intensive care big data. The consensus group believes this consensus is the starting step of application big data in the field of intensive care. More explorations and big data based retrospective research should be carried out in order to enhance safety and reliability of big data based models of critical care field.

Investigating the extinction law in regions of high dust extinction, such as the Pillars of Creation within the M16 region, is crucial for understanding the densest parts of the interstellar medium (ISM). In this study, we utilize observations from the Near-Infrared Camera and the Mid-Infrared Instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to analyze the color-excess ratios E (F090W − λ )/ E (F090W − F200W) across a wavelength range of 0.9–7.7 μ m. Our method involves performing linear regression on color–color diagrams to derive these ratios. The enhanced detection capabilities of JWST data allow us to probe the distinct extinction law to the densest regions in M16 corresponding to an extinction depth up to A _V ∼ 60 mag. Remarkably, the resultant color-excess ratio curve exhibits a flatter profile than predicted by typical dust extinction models with R _V = 5.5 for dense ISM environments. Moreover, we observe that the mid-infrared extinction law diverges from the near-infrared power law, showing a tendency for the slope to flatten as the wavelength increases. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the dust properties in dense interstellar environments.