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Dear Editor, Botryomycosis represents a rare form of skin infection that occurs most frequently in immunosuppressed individuals. I Pseudomonas aeruginosa i was isolated from blood cultures but not from skin biopsy or pus. Physical examination showed excoriations and a necrotic lesion on the left arm that exuded scarce material (Fig. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the [4+3] intramolecular cycloaddition of alkylidenecyclopropanes and dienes using a palladium catalyst. According to the authors, the cycloaddition reaction allows the synthesis of appealing, stereochemically rich 5,7-fused bicyclic systems from readily dienylidenecyclopropanes. They mention that the success of reaction is restricted to dienes blocked in a cisoid conformation and activated by the presence of electron-withdrawing substituents.

This article presents information related to an iterative catalytic route to enantiopure deoxypropionate subunits. The occurrence of polydeoxypropionate chains in numerous biologically relevant compounds has stimulated the development of methods for their stereocontrolled synthesis. The poor results obtained in the 1,4 additions of the less reactive MeMgBr impeded the development of catalytic iterative methodology for 1,3-dimethyl arrays. The additions of MeMgBr proceed with equally high selectivity when the catalyst loading is reduced to only 1 mol %, providing the methylated 1,4-addition products with 92- 96% ee and isolated yields of 88-94%.

Water and nitrogen (N) are typically the main wheat crop production factors in regions with water constraints. For this reason, it is of great importance to increase the N use efficiency (EUN) -when applying fertilizers- and the water use efficiency (EUA) in sub-humid environments. The objectives of this study were i) to analyze wheat response to different N rates, ii) to evaluate the EUN and EUA of total aboveground biomass (MST) and grain yield, and iii) to predict these efficiencies with models using principal components (CP) related to MST and grain yield as variables for five years in a sub-humid environment. During the 2008-2012 years, nitrogen fertilization trials were conducted in wheat using four rates (0-25-50-100 kg ha-1) applied at sowing. At physiological maturity, MST and grain yield were measured, and EUN and EUA were calculated for both parameters. The CP analysis was performed using available N and soil moisture at planting, and rainfall in function of MST and grain yield. Three CP were made for each parameter, with a full explanation of 90% and 96% of the MST and grain yield total variance. The NUE predictions used three CP with a high fit (R2 = 0.78 - 0.81) for MST and grain yield. However, the EUA predictions of MST and yield were low (R2 = 0.38 to 0.45), excluding from the model the CP highly influenced by the available N. The high variability in water availability did not allow a significant increase in the EUA by N application, showing that water is the most limiting factor in this environment. The use of CP as regressor variables allowed accurate models for EUN prediction of MST and grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nd 3+ ion doped LaF 3 dielectric nanoparticles have recently emerged as very attractive multifunctional nanoparticles capable of simultaneous sub-tissue heating and thermal sensing. Although they have been already used for selective photothermal treatment of cancer tumors in animal models, their real application as self-monitored photothermal agents require further optimization and development. Dynamic adjustment of the therapy parameters is mandatory for non-selective damage minimization. It would require real-time (sub-second) thermal sensing with a sub-degree thermal resolution. In this work we demonstrate that meeting this challenge is, indeed, possible by performing controlled thermal treatment on as-synthesized Nd 3+ doped LaF 3 nanoparticles. Temperature induced lattice ordering and defect re-combination have been concluded to induce, simultaneously, a line fluorescence narrowing, fluorescence brightness enhancement and a remarkable increment in thermal sensitivity. Ex-vivo experiments have demonstrated that, thanks to this multi-parameter optimization, Neodymium doped LaF 3 nanoparticles are capable of real time sub-tissue thermal reading with a temperature resolution as low as 0.7 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turnover rate of labile organic fractions varies continuously due to different soil uses and managements, weather conditions and sampling time. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different agricultural management, season and soil type on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its different fractions. The study was conducted on four sites located in the Argentinean Pampas. In each site, three treatments were defined: Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Poor Agricultural Practices (PAP) and Natural Environment (NE). During two consecutive years (2010 and 2011) and at two different times (February and September) undisturbed soil samples were taken at 0–20 cm depth. Variables assessed included: SOC and its organic fractions: coarse (POC c ) and fine (POC f ) particulate organic carbon, SOC associated with a mineral fraction (MOC), total (CHt) and soluble (CHs) carbohydrates, bulk density (BD), and large pores (P >30 ). Also, indices associated with soil and management variables were determined. SOC reductions caused by agricultural practices were mainly from POC c . This fraction represented 34–52% and 50–74% for PAP and GAP, respectively, of the observed in NE. The carbon pool index (CPI) shows that agricultural treatments induced greater variations in all the labile organic fractions compared with SOC and MOC. In turn, the magnitude of variability was different among fractions, where temporal fluctuations increased according to the following order MOC < SOC < POC f ≤ CHt < CHs ≤ POC c . Independently of the soil type, the CPI was a sensitive indicator of soil quality in these systems under no-tillage. The multivariate analysis has proven to be an efficient analytical methodology for the identification of soil indicators that respond to agricultural practices, in which chemical properties (POC f and CHt), physical (BD and P >30 ), and indices (SOC: clay, structural index and intensification sequence index) were the variables that best explained the total variance of information of the four sites. Therefore, these indicators/indices should be included in any minimum data set for evaluating the agricultural soil quality under no-tillage in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linoleic acid (LA) is known to activate G-protein coupled receptors and connexin hemichannels (Cx HCs) but possible interlinks between these two responses remain unexplored. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of action of LA on the membrane permeability mediated by Cx HCs in MKN28 cells. These cells were found to express connexins, GPR40, GPR120, and CD36 receptors. The Cx HC activity of these cells increased after 5 min of treatment with LA or GW9508, an agonist of GPR40/GPR120; or exposure to extracellular divalent cation-free solution (DCFS), known to increase the open probability of Cx HCs, yields an immediate increase in Cx HC activity of similar intensity and additive with LA-induced change. Treatment with a CD36 blocker or transfection with siRNA-GPR120 maintains the LA-induced Cx HC activity. However, cells transfected with siRNA-GPR40 did not show LA-induced Cx HC activity but activity was increased upon exposure to DCFS, confirming the presence of activatable Cx HCs in the cell membrane. Treatment with AKTi (Akt inhibitor) abrogated the LA-induced Cx HC activity. In HeLa cells transfected with Cx43 (HeLa-Cx43), LA induced phosphorylation of surface Cx43 at serine 373 (S373), site for Akt phosphorylation. HeLa-Cx43 but not HeLa-Cx43 cells with a S373A mutation showed a LA-induced Cx HC activity directly related to an increase in cell surface Cx43 levels. Thus, the increase in membrane permeability induced by LA is mediated by an intracellular signaling pathway activated by GPR40 that leads to an increase in membrane levels of Cx43 phosphorylated at serine 373 via Akt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new and recent advances in neuroelectric and neuroimaging technologies provide a new era for further exploring and understanding how brain and cognition function can be stimulated by environmental factors, such as exercise, and particularly to study whether physical exercise influences brain development in early ages. The present study, namely the ActiveBrains project, aims to examine the effects of a physical exercise programme on brain and cognition, as well as on selected physical and mental health outcomes in overweight/obese children. A total of 100 participants aged 8 to 11 years are randomized into an exercise group (N = 50) or a control group (N = 50). The intervention lasts 20-weeks, with 3–5 sessions per week of 90 min each, and is mainly focused on high-intensity aerobic exercise yet also includes muscle-strengthening exercises. The extent to what the intervention effect remains 8-months after the exercise programme finishes is also studied in a subsample. Brain structure and function and cognitive performance are assessed using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic recordings. Secondary outcomes include physical health outcomes (e.g. physical fitness, body fatness, bone mass and lipid-metabolic factors) and mental health outcomes (e.g. chronic stress indicators and overall behavioural and personality measurements such as anxiety or depression). This project will substantially contribute to the existing knowledge and will have an impact on societies, since early stimulation of brain development might have long lasting consequences on cognitive performance, academic achievement and in the prevention of behavioural problems and the promotion of psychological adjustment and mental health. Clinical trials. Gov identifier: NCT02295072 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldehydes can be α-alkylated with allenamides by the combined action of an organocatalyst and a gold complex. The reaction requires the simultaneous generation of an enamine and a gold-activated allenamide. Importantly, by using a chiral amine as organocatalyst it is possible to obtain aldehyde products featuring all-carbon quaternary stereocenter at their α-position, with moderate to good levels of enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the role of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on sources of job stress and mental health in 250 elementary school teachers from Jaén (Spain). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), sources of occupational stress and mental health; and (2) to determine whether PEI moderates the relationship between sources of occupational stress and mental health. An initial sample of 250 teachers was assessed Three questionnaires, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Sources of Stress Scale in Teachers and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey, were used to evaluate PEI, sources of occupational stress and mental health, respectively. Teachers with higher levels of emotional attention reported lower levels of mental health (r = -.30; p < .001), while teachers showing high emotional clarity reported better emotional role (r = .14; p < .05) and social functioning (r = .15; p < .05). Moreover, PEI components moderate the relationship between sources of occupational stress and emotional role. Specifically, each significant interaction (i.e., deficiencies x attention, adaptation x attention, and adaptation x clarity) made a small and unique contribution in the explanation of emotional role (all p < .05, all sr2 ~ .02). Finally, our results imply that PEI is an important moderator of teachers' occupational stressors on mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Skeletal muscle is a target organ in multiple sclerosis, a chronic debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by demyelination and axonal deterioration. Since the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model reproduces the relapsing-remitting course found in most multiple sclerosis patients, this model was used to compare the histological features of skeletal muscle at onset with those observed at the start of the second relapse. Material and methods Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes, as well as biochemical oxidative damage and antioxidant-system markers, were examined in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of Dark Agouti rats in which experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis had been induced by active immunization using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Results Histological examination at disease onset revealed ragged-red fibers and ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial degeneration. At the second relapse, neurogenic changes included a wide range of cytoarchitectural lesions, skeletal muscle atrophy and the appearance of intermediate fibers; however, differences were observed between soleus and extensor digitorum longus lesions. Biochemical tests disclosed an increase in oxidative stress markers at onset, which was more pronounced at the second relapse. Conclusions Microscopic findings suggest that two patterns can be distinguished at disease onset: an initial phase characterized by muscle mitochondrial alterations, and a second phase dominated by a histological muscle pattern of clearly neurogenic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high prevalence of women that do not reach the recommended level of physical activity is worrisome. A sedentary lifestyle has negative consequences on health status and increases health care costs. The main objective of this project is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a primary care-based exercise intervention in perimenopausal women. Methods/Design: The present study is a Randomized Controlled Trial. A total of 150 eligible women will be recruited and randomly assigned to either a 16-week exercise intervention (3 sessions/week), or to usual care (control) group. The primary outcome measure is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The secondary outcome measures are: i) socio-demographic and clinical information; ii) body composition; iii) dietary patterns; iv) glycaemic and lipid profile; v) physical fitness; vi) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; vii) sleep quality; viii) quality of life, mental health and positive health; ix) menopause symptoms. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post intervention. The data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis and per protocol. In addition, we will conduct a cost effectiveness analysis from a health system perspective. Discussion: The intervention designed is feasible and if it proves to be clinically and cost effective, it can be easily transferred to other similar contexts. Consequently, the findings of this project might help the Health Systems to identify strategies for primary prevention and health promotion as well as to reduce health care requirements and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity attenuates the symptoms of fibromyalgia, and its level is oftentimes associated with the perceived environment of fibromyalgia patients. Within this context, we aimed to study the reliability of the Spanish version of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) environmental questionnaire and the mode of commuting questionnaire. We also studied the association between the perceived environment and mode of commuting with physical activity levels among female fibromyalgia patients in Spain. Test–retest reliability was judged by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa statistic, Spearman correlations and the proportion of agreement. We calculated bivariate Pearson’s correlations between environmental sum scores and physical activity measured by both International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and accelerometry. More than 70% of the scales and items showed a good reliability regarding the ICC, the weighted kappa, the Spearman correlation and the percentage of inter-agreement (higher than 50%). The perceived environment assessed with the ALPHA showed a low correlation with both IPAQ and accelerometry. The Spanish version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire proved to be reliable and showed a weak degree of association with physical activity in female fibromyalgia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Physical activity attenuates the symptoms of fibromyalgia, and its level is oftentimes associated with the perceived environment of fibromyalgia patients. Within this context, we aimed to study the reliability of the Spanish version of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity (ALPHA) environmental questionnaire and the mode of commuting questionnaire. We also studied the association between the perceived environment and mode of commuting with physical activity levels among female fibromyalgia patients in Spain. Test–retest reliability was judged by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa statistic, Spearman correlations and the proportion of agreement. We calculated bivariate Pearson’s correlations between environmental sum scores and physical activity measured by both International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and accelerometry. More than 70% of the scales and items showed a good reliability regarding the ICC, the weighted kappa, the Spearman correlation and the percentage of inter-agreement (higher than 50%). The perceived environment assessed with the ALPHA showed a low correlation with both IPAQ and accelerometry. The Spanish version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire proved to be reliable and showed a weak degree of association with physical activity in female fibromyalgia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Antimicrobial therapy for sepsis caused by carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is not well established. We hypothesized that the early use of gentamicin in cases due to susceptible organisms would decrease the crude mortality rate of this infection. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined 50 cases of sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae occurring between June 2012 and February 2013 during an outbreak of K. pneumoniae ST512 producing KPC-3, SHV-11 and TEM-1. Survival curves categorized by the use of gentamicin were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Eight multivariate models using Cox regression were designed to study the risk factors for mortality and test the hypothesis. Results The 30 day crude mortality rate was 38%. The use of targeted gentamicin was associated with reduced mortality (20.7% versus 61.9%, P = 0.02). In all multivariate regression models, the use of gentamicin was independently associated with lower mortality until Day 30 (HR 0.17–0.29, P = 0.03–0.002 depending on the model) after controlling for other potential confounding variables such as age, optimal treatment, renal function, severity of infection, underlying disease, use of tigecycline and previous hospitalization. Conclusions Gentamicin reduced the mortality from sepsis caused by this K. pneumoniae ST512 clone producing KPC-3, SHV-11 and TEM-1. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background. The type III secretion system (TTSS) is a major virulence determinant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The objective of this study was to determine whether the TTSS genotype is a useful prognostic marker of P. aeruginosa bacteremia mortality. We also studied the potential association between TTSS genotypes and multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles, and how this interaction impacts the outcome of bloodstream infections. Methods. We performed a post hoc analysis of a published prospective multicenter cohort of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections. The impact in mortality of TTSS genotypes (exoS, exoT, exoU, and exoY genes) and resistance profiles was investigated. Cox regression analysis was used to control for confounding variables. Results. Among 590 patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 30% (175 patients), and 53% of them died in the first 5 days (early mortality). The unadjusted probabilities of survival until 5 days was 31.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.4%–49.4%) for the patients with exoU-positive isolates and 53.2% (95% CI, 44.6%–61.5%) for exoU-negative isolates (log rank P = .005). After adjustment for confounders, exoU genotype (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.90 [95% CI, 1.15–3.14]; P = .01) showed association with early mortality. In contrast, late (30-day) mortality was not influenced by TTSS genotype but was independently associated with MDR profiles (aHR,1.40 [95% CI, 1.01–1.94]; P = .04). Moreover, the exoU genotype (21% of all isolates) was significantly less frequent (13%) among MDR strains ( particularly among extensively drug-resistant isolates, 5%), but was positively linked to moderately resistant (1–2 antipseudomonals) phenotypes (34%). Conclusions. Our results indicate that the exoU genotype, which is associated with specific susceptibility profiles, is a relevant independent marker of early mortality in P. aeruginosa bacteremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are few, recent, well assessed, multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence surveys on European populations. This study sought to measure MS incidence in a Northern Lisbon population and assess it using capture-recapture methods (CRMs). Methods Among the population residing in the Northern Lisbon Health Area, registered MS diagnoses were obtained from general practitioners in three primary-care districts covering a population of 196,300, and a neurology unit at the main referral hospital. Cases with onset during the periods 1978-1997 and 2008-2012 were excluded due to perceived poor access to image-supported neurological diagnosis and administrative changes in patient referral respectively. Age- and sex-specific incidences for the period 1998-2007 were calculated using McDonald diagnostic criteria, and CRMs were used to correct age-specific incidence rates. The corrected figures were also adjusted for age using the European Standard Population as reference. Results When applied to 62 MS patients with onset in the period 1998-2007, the rates per 100,000 population were as follows for both sexes: crude, 3.16; age-adjusted, 3.09 (95% CI 2.32 to 3.87); CRM-adjusted, 4.53 (95% CI 3.13 to 5.94); and age- and CRM-adjusted, 4.48 (3.54-5.41). In general, the rates were 3-fold higher among women than among men. Negative source dependency and CRM impact were highest at ages 35-44 years, where a 60% rise led to a peak incidence. Conclusions MS incidence in Northern Lisbon, Portugal, is moderately lower than that yielded by surveys on European populations. CRMs, which in this instance suggest undercounts, are a potentially useful tool for case-finding assessment but their application may introduce bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α,β-Unsaturated N,N-dialkyl hydrazones undergo a mild [2+ 2] cycloaddition to allenamideswhen treated with a suitable gold catalyst. The method, which representsthe first application of N,N-dialkylhydrazones in gold catalysis, is compatible with a wide variety ofsubstituents at the alkenyl moiety of the hydrazone component, proceedswith excellent levels of regio- and diastereoselectivity, and providesdensely substituted cyclobutanes with good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements have been carried out on various types of natural fused silica (I301, Q310 and H102) irradiated with gamma-ray doses up to 14 MGy. Paramagnetic defects E′ γ as well as the non-bridging oxygen-hole centre (NBOHC), the peroxide radical (POR) and the aluminium oxygen-hole centre (AlOHC) account for all lines observed in the EPR spectra of irradiated samples. The growth kinetics of AlOHC has been followed and analysed. It is found that AlOHC defects are produced by two processes. One of them, called rapid process, saturates at low doses and has been related to the precursor {AlO 4 − /H + }, H + acting as charge compensator. The second one, called slow process, takes place up to the highest dose and has been related to the precursor {AlO 4 − /M + }, the compensator M + being an alkaline-earth ion Li + , Na + or K + . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are mostly present in the central nervous system (CNS) where they play important roles in modulating neuronal excitability. K2P channels give rise to background K + currents (IK SO ) a key component in setting and maintaining the resting membrane potential in excitable cells. Here, we studied the expression and relative abundances of K2P channels in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), combining molecular biology, electrophysiology and immunologic techniques. The CGN IK SO was very sensitive to external pH, as previously reported. Quantitative determination of mRNA expression level demonstrated the existence of an accumulation pattern of transcripts in CGN that encode K2P9 > K2P1 > K2P3 > K2P18 > K2P2 = K2P10 > K2P4 > K2P5 subunits. The presence of the major K2P subunits expressed was then confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, demonstrating robust expression of K2P1 (TWIK-1), K2P3 (TASK-1), K2P9 (TASK-3) and K2P18 (TRESK) channel protein. Based, on these results, it is concluded that K2P1, -3, -9 and -18 subunits represent the majority component of IK SO current in CGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this study was to validate the modified 2010 ACR preliminary criteria for FM in a Spanish population.Methods. Five hundred and seventy-nine (550 women) FM and 294 (240 women) control participants were enrolled in the study. FM patients were previously diagnosed by a rheumatologist. All participants underwent both the 1990 ACR criteria (1990c) and the modified 2010 ACR criteria (m-2010c).Results. The tender points count showed correlations of 0.69, 0.65 and 0.71 with the widespread pain index (WPI), symptoms severity (SS) and polysymptomatic distress (PSD) scales, respectively (all P < 0.001). The WPI, SS and PSD showed greater correlations with impact of FM health-related quality of life, general fatigue and depression than the tender points count. The 1990c showed sensitivity and specificity values of 84.1 and 97.6, respectively, whereas the m-2010c showed values of 88.3 and 91.8, respectively. Both criteria showed the same overall accuracy, with a value of 0.89. When the 1990c and m-2010c were combined and patients had to satisfy one of two criteria to be diagnosed with FM, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of questionnaires were 96.7, 89.8 and 0.94, respectively. The original cut-off points (WPI ≥ 7, SS ≥ 5 and PSD ≥ 12) showed the best test characteristics in the present study.Conclusion. The m-2010c, with the same cut-off points as the original version, are a valid tool for the diagnosis of FM in our population. Whenever possible, the combination of the 1990c and m-2010c is recommended (patients have to meet one of the two criteria to be diagnosed), since this approach showed the best diagnostic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A Rh-catalyzed intramolecular [3+2+2] cycloaddition is reported. The cycloaddition affords synthetically relevant 5,7,5-fused tricyclic systems of type 2 from readily available dienyne precursors. The transformation takes place with moderate or good yields, high diastereoselectivity, and total chemoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a methodology based on the combined use of a multilayer perceptron model fed using selected spectral information is presented to invert the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and to recover the spatial temperature profile inside an axisymmetric flame. The spectral information is provided by the measurement of the infrared CO2emission band in the 3-5 μm spectral region. A guided spectral feature selection was carried out using a joint criterion of principal component analysis and a priori physical knowledge of the radiative problem. After applying this guided feature selection, a subset of 17 wavenumbers was selected. The proposed methodology was applied over synthetic scenarios. Also, an experimental validation was carried out by measuring the spectral emission of the exhaust hot gas plume in a microjet engine with a Fourier transform-based spectroradiometer. Temperatures retrieved using the proposed methodology were compared with classical thermocouple measurements, showing a good agreement between them. Results obtained using the proposed methodology are very promising and can encourage the use of sensor systems based on the spectral measurement of the CO2emission band in the 3-5 μm spectral window to monitor combustion processes in a nonintrusive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding the dissemination and outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) klebsiella pneumoniae clones in Spain.

This paper presents the results of a survey at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario, in Argentina, to know the opinions about, and use of, Open Access (OA) by professors and researchers at the university, and their needs in relation to the use of the university Institutional Repository (IR). It is based on 783 replies to a survey implemented in 2012. The results of this survey show that 80% of professors and researchers at UNR, in all subject areas, agree with the OA dissemination of outputs in all academic areas. However, only 13% of professors and researchers use the IR for dissemination of its own scholarly output, mainly due to ignorance of its existence. The most frequent uses for dissemination in OA are open access journals, websites of the faculties and research centers or groups, as well as personal websites. What motivates professors and researchers to disseminate their work in the IR, is the use of it by their fellow professors/researchers, students and the general public. Moreover, they value from the IR the advance search facilities tailored to their needs and user profile, and the availability of usage statistics of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are rare tumors, etiologically related to occupational exposure to wood and leather dust. In spite of surgical and radiotherapeutic advances, the 5 year survival is still 30-50%. Therefore, alternative treatment options are needed. We report the establishment and characterization of six unique human sinonasal SCC cell lines, named SCCNC1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. In vitro growth and invasion characteristics were evaluated and genetic profiles were compared to those of the original primary tumors. The population doubling times ranged from 21 to 34 hours. Cell lines SCCNC2 and 7 were highly invasive in matrigel. Five cell lines carried a high number of copy number alterations, including amplifications and homozygous deletions, while one showed only three abnormalities. Sequence analysis revealed three cell lines with TP53mutation and none with KRASor BRAF. Overexpression of p53 was observed in five, and of EGFR in four cell lines. None of the cell lines showed strong immunopositivity of p16 or presence of human papilloma virus. In conclusion, we have created six new cell lines that are clinically and genetically representative of sinonasal SCC and that will be a useful tool for the preclinical testing of new therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Natalizumab is currently the most successful clinical treatment for multiple sclerosis. The use of this drug is associated with the reduction in the number of relapses and a slowing in disease progression, as well as an improvement in signs and symptoms displayed by the patients. To evaluate the effect of natalizumab on melatonin and its relationship with peripheral oxidative damage, we studied the serum melatonin levels in 18 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Natalizumab caused significant increases in serum melatonin concentrations. This change was associated with a rise in increase of antioxidants and a reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, these data may explain, at least in part, some of the beneficial effects exhibited by disease antibody such as its antioxidant capacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The mechanism of the gold-catalyzed intermolecular cycloaddition between allenamides and 1,3-dienes has been explored by means of a combined experimental and computational approach. The formation of the major [4+2] cycloaddition products can be explained by invoking different pathways, the preferred ones being determined by the nature of the diene (electron neutral vs. electron rich) and the type of the gold catalyst (AuCl vs. [IPrAu]+, IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene). Therefore, in reactions catalyzed by AuCl, electron-neutral dienes favor a concerted [4+3] cycloaddition followed by a ring contraction event, whereas electron-rich dienes prefer a stepwise cationic pathway to give the same type of formal [4+2] products. On the other hand, the theoretical data suggest that by using a cationic gold catalyst, such as [IPrAuCl]/AgSbF6, the mechanism involves a direct [4+2] cycloaddition between the diene and the gold-activated allenamide. The theoretical data are also consistent with the observed regioselectivity as well as with the high selectivity towards the formation of the enamide products with a Z configuration. Finally, our data also explain the formation of the minor [2+2] products that are obtained in certain cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: COVID-19; DRESS syndrome; hydroxychloroquine; patch tests EN COVID-19 DRESS syndrome hydroxychloroquine patch tests 50 51 2 12/11/20 20210101 NES 210101 Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, (formerly known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome) is an acute, idiosyncratic, and potentially life-threatening drug reaction, characterized by fever (>38.5°C), skin eruptions, and haematological abnormalities.1 The most frequently involved drugs are anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, allopurinol, and antibiotics,2 while hydroxychloroquine has been rarely reported as causative agent.2,3 CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman consulted the emergency department for itchy rash, facial edema, and fever (38.5°) developing in the course of 2 days. Hydroxychloroquine is considered to be safe and side-effects are generally mild and transitory.5 The most common adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine is a a skin rash; however, in our patient, DRESS syndrome caused by hydroxychloroquine was diagnosed, based on patch testing that proved useful for identifying the causative drug in this patient.6 In conclusion, we have presented the first case of DRESS syndrome due to hydroxychloroquine with a positive patch test. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: To analyze and review an ophthalmic manifestation of an uncommon pathology such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Methods: Single‐patient case report. Results: LCH is an uncommon disorder produced by mononuclear phagocyte system cell proliferation, resulting in antigen‐presenting cells similar to Langerhans cells invading bone, skin, bone marrow, lymphatic nodes, liver, spleen and central nervous system (CNS). The number and location of affected organs is key in treatment and prognosis. In this case report, a 16‐year‐old girl presented 10 day‐long superoexternal orbital pain associated with palpebral edema, making acute dacryoadenitis and preseptal cellulitis the most common differential diagnoses. After poor response to antibiotic and anti‐inflamatory oral treatment, CT scan was ordered, showing an osteolytic frontal mass at the superoexternal orbital roof, expanding to extraconal space and anterior cranial fossa. With a differential diagnosis of LCH, osteomyelitis, hematologic disease or vascular malformation, among others, a biopsy was performed, confirming the LCH diagnosis. An extension exam was performed, excluding new tumors, reaching a diagnosis of a monostotic bone form of LCH. Chemotherapy with prednisone and visblastine was advised due CNS affectation risk because of the tumor's location, with evident but incomplete response after six‐week induction and complete response after a second six‐week induction cycle. The patient is currently ongoing consolidation chemotherapy. Conclusions: Orbital tumors are not frequent in pediatric ages, but they must be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital cellulitis, since that can be the first manifestation of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on a cascade cycloaddition between allenamides and carbonyl-tethered alkenes in which gold catalysts play a role. The study evaluated the viability of a cascade cycloaddition between the bisalkene 4a and 1a. It was found that the presence of exo-enamide in oxa-bridged carbocycles allows various transformations. It also showed that chiral gold catalysts allow to produce oxa-bridged carbocycles with good to high enantioselectivities.

The article discusses research on intramolecular gold-catalyzed cycloadditions involving allenes, allenamides, and dienes. It acknowledges possible use of an internal nucleophile in the interception of carbocationic intermediate II. It reports experimental details performed including assessment of cascade cycloaddition viability, exploring alternative cascade processes, and use of phosphite/gold complex E. The scope of cycloaddition between allenamides and carbonyl-tethered alkenes is noted.

Abstract: The implementation of a 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT-3D) survey was carried out in El Pahñú archaeological site, Hidalgo State, Central Mexico. A combination of a new ERT arrays allowed studying the subsoil beneath the Main Pyramid built near the edge of a plateau, along with another important structure (the Tecpan), which was a smaller structure that lodged the governmental council in pre-Hispanic times. The recorded information was acquired through the combination of several electrodic designs: L-Corner (LC), Equatorial (Eq), and Minimum Coupling (MC). For the Main Pyramid, the electrodes were set up around the perimeter of the structure, since they were not permitted to be inserted over the edifice, thus preventing damages to the architectonic elements. The second structure allowed inserting electrodes on selected spots within the architectonic space. The combination of the different arrays made possible the acquisition of 1204 apparent resistivities beneath the Main Pyramid and 2460 resistivity data beneath the Tecpan. The apparent resistivity data were inverted to obtain a three dimensional display of the subsoil electrical resistivity beneath the archaeological structure. The interpreted resistivity model under the Main Pyramid displayed a highly resistive structure towards its northern face that could be associated with infill. Such material was employed by the ancient constructors to level the terrain close to the edge of the cliff. Another interesting anomaly was found towards the central portion of the structure that could be associated to a foundation offer. The interpretation of data beneath the Tecpan identified the structural foundations and other interesting anomalies related to the different occupational times. The investigation supported the archaeological investigation of the site, suggesting areas of potential geological risk and of archaeological interest. For example, the Main Pyramid presents serious stability problems, indicating that the infill has weakened, producing cracks threatening long-term pyramid integrity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ground-level tropospheric ozone is one of the air pollutants of most concern. Ozone levels continue to exceed both target values and the long-term objectives established in EU legislation to protect human health and prevent damage to ecosystems, agricultural crops and materials. Researchers or decision-makers frequently need information about atmospheric pollution patterns in urbanized areas. The preparation of this type of information is a complex task, due to the influence of several factors and their variability over time. In this work, some results of urban ozone distribution patterns in the city of Badajoz, which is the largest (140,000 inhabitants) and most industrialized city in Extremadura region (southwest Spain) are shown. Twelve sampling campaigns, one per month, were carried out to measure ambient air ozone concentrations, during periods that were selected according to favourable conditions to ozone production, using an automatic portable analyzer. Later, to evaluate the overall ozone level at each sampling location during the time interval considered, the measured ozone data were analysed using a new methodology based on the formulation of the Rasch model. As a result, a measure of overall ozone level which consolidates the monthly ground-level ozone measurements was obtained, getting moreover information about the influence on the overall ozone level of each monthly ozone measure. Finally, overall ozone level at locations where no measurements were available was estimated with geostatistical techniques and hazard assessment maps based on the spatial distribution of ozone were also generated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The first highly enantioselective intermolecular (4 + 2) cycloaddition between allenes and dienes is reported. The reaction provides good yields of optically active cyclohexenes featuring diverse substitution patterns and up to three stereocenters. Key to the success of the process is the use of newly designed axially chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-gold catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-(Propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)oxazolidin-2-one works as an efficient two-carbon partner in a variety of intermolecular gold-catalyzed [2+2] cycloadditions to alkenes. The transformation represents a simple and practical entry to highly substituted cyclobutane derivatives and takes place with complete regio- and stereocontrol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations or chromosome aberrations are considered alterations in the chromosome number or structure. They are mainly considered due to gametogenesis inborn error (meiosis) or during the zygote first cellular divisions. All these alterations might be observed during metaphase from the cellular cycle, where DNA loses are seen (clastogenic processes) due to DNA repair processes deficiency o total absence, among others. 4617 chromosomal studies were performed at Hospital Para El Niño Poblano (Pediatric Hospital) in Mexico. During 19 years period of time (from 1992 to 2011) were 34.6% (1596 patients) showed different chromosomal alterations. Among the studies population, male and female pediatric patients with different genetic diseases were chosen. These chromosome changes are classified as numeric or structural alterations, respectively. Another group of genetic alterations are known as mutations and can be inherited among generations. A wide variety of pediatric patients with genetic diseases due to chromosome aberrations are described in this study analyzing their clinical characteristics, medical or surgical treatments and their medical evolution according to the genetic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of project portfolio is a multi-objective problem that has a high impact on public and private organizations, and has generally been addressed by evolutionary algorithms. They often seek an approximation of the Pareto front, and then the decision maker must choose an only solution from the set. This is not a difficult task when you have to select a solution from a small set evaluated in two or three objectives. But when the set of solutions grows, or the number of objectives increases, the choice is often a complicated process. It is necessary to present the decision maker only the subset of the Pareto front according to your preferences. This paper describes an optimization algorithm that steers the search process towards such solutions. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with respect to the most related algorithm found in the state of the art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Healthcare management is oriented toward single diseases, yet multimorbidity is nevertheless the rule and there is a tendency for certain diseases to occur in clusters. This study sought to identify comorbidity patterns in patients with chronic diseases, by reference to number of comorbidities, age and sex, in a population receiving medical care from 129 general practitioners in Spain, in 2007. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a health-area setting of the Madrid Autonomous Region (Comunidad Autónoma), covering a population of 198,670 individuals aged over 14 years. Multiple correspondences were analyzed to identify the clustering patterns of the conditions targeted. Results: Forty-two percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.8-42.2) of the registered population had at least one chronic condition. In all, 24.5% (95% CI: 24.3-24.6) of the population presented with multimorbidity. In the correspondence analysis, 98.3% of the total information was accounted for by three dimensions. The following four, age- and sex-related comorbidity patterns were identified: pattern B, showing a high comorbidity rate; pattern C, showing a low comorbidity rate; and two patterns, A and D, showing intermediate comorbidity rates. Conclusions: Four comorbidity patterns could be identified which grouped diseases as follows: one showing diseases with a high comorbidity burden; one showing diseases with a low comorbidity burden; and two showing diseases with an intermediate comorbidity burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study sought to determine whether melatonin causes changes in neurotrophic factors and it protects against the mycotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in brain tissue. Methods: Rats were given 3-NP over four consecutive days (20mg/kg BW), while melatonin was administered over 21days (1mg/kg/BW), starting after the last injection of 3-NP. Results: Rats treated with 3-NP displayed significant changes in neurotrophic factor (BDNF and GDNF) levels, together with alterations in behavior; they also displayed extensive oxidative stress and a massive neuronal damage. Conclusions: Melatonin improved behavioral alterations, reduced oxidative damage, lowered neurotrophic factor levels and neuronal loss in 3-NP-treated rats. These results suggest that melatonin exerts a neuroprotective action. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have been carried out on KU1 and KS-4V high purity quartz glasses and commercial silica Infrasil 301, irradiated with gamma rays up to a dose of 11.6MGy and neutron fluences of 1021 and 1022 n/m2. Gamma irradiations produce a much higher concentration of defect centres (mainly E′, POR and NBOHC) for KU1 and I301 than for KS-4V silica. In contrast, neutron irradiation at the highest fluence produces similar concentrations in all silica types. These results agree to a good extent with those obtained in previous optical absorption measurements. Moreover, oxygen-related centres (POR and NBOHC) have been well characterized by means of electron paramagnetic resonance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This work reports a pioneer application of the bulk photovoltaic effect in the biomedical field. Massive necrotic cell death was induced in human tumour cell cultures grown on a bulk photovoltaic material (iron-doped lithium niobate, LiNbO3:Fe) after irradiation with visible light. Lethal doses (100% cell death) were obtained with low-intensity visible light sources (10–100 mW cm−2irradiances) and short exposure times of the order of minutes. The wavelength dependence to induce the lethal effect observed is consistent with that corresponding to the bulk photovoltaic effect generation in LiNbO3:Fe. Necrosis also occurred when cultured tumour cells were exposed to LiNbO3:Fe microparticles and visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a ruthenium-catalyzed (2 + 2) intramolecular cycloadclition of allenes and alkenes. We have found that the use of the ruthenium complex nH2Cl2(PiPr3)2., which has previously gone unnoticed in catalytic applications, is crucial for the observed reactivity. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is fully diastereoselective, providing a practical entry to a variety of bicydo[3.2.O]heptane skeletons featuring cyclobutane rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The impact of oseltamivir on mortality in critically ill patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) is not clear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the timing of antiviral administration and intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes. Methods Prospective, observational study of a cohort of ICU patients with confirmed 2009 H1N1 infection. Clinical data, treatment and outcome were compared between patients receiving early treatment (ET) with oseltamivir, initiated within 2 days, and patients administered late treatment (LT), initiated after this timepoint. Multivariate analysis and propensity score were used to determine the effect of oseltamivir on ICU mortality. Results Six hundred and fifty-seven patients were enrolled. Four hundred and four (61.5%) patients required mechanical ventilation (MV; mortality 32.6%). Among them, 385 received effective antiviral therapy and were included in the study group. All patients received oseltamivir for a median duration of 10 days (interquartile range 8–14 days). Seventy-nine (20.5%) ET patients were compared with 306 LT patients. The two groups were comparable in terms of main clinical variables. ICU length of stay (22.7 ± 16.7 versus 18.4 ± 14.2 days; P = 0.03), hospital length of stay (34.0 ± 20.3 versus 27.2 ± 18.2 days; P = 0.001) and MV days (17.4 ± 15.2 versus 14.0 ± 12.4; P = 0.04) were higher in the LT group. ICU mortality was also higher in LT (34.3%) than in ET (21.5%; OR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.06–3.41). A multivariate model identified ET (OR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.87) as an independent variable associated with reduced ICU mortality. These results were confirmed by propensity score analysis (OR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.22–0.90; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that early oseltamivir administration was associated with favourable outcomes among critically ill ventilated patients with 2009 H1N1 virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Oxidative stress is a known mechanism induced, among other things, by arsenic toxicity. As a response, the cell triggers the synthesis of antioxidant and stress response elements like glutathione and heme oxygenase. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a well-known antioxidant that confers protection to oxidative stress conditions. We analyzed the effect of ALA pretreatment on Nrf2-responsive gene expression of HepG2 cells exposed to As3+. Cells were treated with 5mM ALA and 8h later exposed to 50μM As3+ for 24h, analyzing MTT-activity, glutathione content, Nrf2 induction and antioxidant gene expression. As3+ increased glutathione (154%), heme oxygenase, glutamate cystein ligase, modifier subunit and metallothionein (35-fold, 10-fold and 9-fold, respectively). ALA prevented the strong expression of heme oxygenase by As3+ exposure (from 35- to 5-times of control cells), which correlated with the reduction of Nrf2 observed in As3+ group. ALA pretreatment can down-modulate the response mediated by Nrf2 and provide protection to As3+ exposed HepG2 cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although the eosinophiles are normal lung components, several lung eosinophilic syndromes are characterized by an increased number of eosinophiles in peripheral blood, pulmonary tissue, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage. These lung eosinophilic syndromes are generally characterized by respiratory symptoms, chest x - ray disturbances, and potential systemic manifestations. The eosinophile plays an important role in each one of these syndromes; it is often difficult to distinguish between them. However there are important clinical differences and treatment paradigms, so it is important to understand and to appreciate the features that distinguish each one of these conditions. This article summarizes the clinical manifestations of these syndromes, the differences between them and the diagnostic approach to the patient with eosinophilia and lung disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome prevalence related to uric acid levels is unknown. In patients with metabolic syndrome decreased renal excretion of urates may explain the increased frequency of hyperuricemia. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome related to different levels of uric acid. Patients and methods: A prevalence study done in users of Hospital Central Norte, Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico City, 18-65 years old. Patients with known metabolic syndrome, chronic renal diseases, septicemia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, pregnancy or current treatment of hyperuricemia were excluded. Levels of uric acid, triglycerides, HDL, glucose, blood pressure and waist circumference were determined. Patients were divided into four groups according to their levels of uric acid. Group 1: < 6 mg/dL; group 2: 6-7.9 mg/dL, group 3: 8-9.9 mg/dL and group 4: > 10 mg/dL. Results: 770 patients were studied: 460 women. Sixty-one percent of men and fourty-seven percent of women had metabolic syndrome. Lower levels (6 mg/dL) of uric acid were found in 28% and 7% of men and women, respectively. Seventy-five percent of men had levels of uric acid between 6 and 7.9 mg/dL and 20% of women. Levels of uric acid of 8-9.9 mm/dL were found in 100% and 20% of men and women. Levels higher than 10 mg/dL had a prevalence of 100% in both sexes. Conclusions: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is substancially increasing with elevated acid uric levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]