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Studying multiple human personality traits utilizing modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques has recently gained popularity. Past studies regarding human personality assessment have used paper pencil methods, self-reports, and questionnaires. Due to the proliferation of various technologies, advancement in the Internet and use of social media networks, the concept of utilizing images, text, and videos to model human personality is gaining popularity. This work utilizes an AI-based framework to predict human personality with respect to the Big-Five model based on the choice of images made in a real-world setting. For this, the current proposal uses a dataset of real-life images that are directly/indirectly related to positive and negative sides of each of the Big-Five personality traits. Using different image seeking tasks, a data is collected from 77 participants through a custom-built tool. For creating the ground truth (about the personality of these participants), the IPIP-NEO-120 (International Personality Item Pool Representation of the NEO) personality test is taken by the participants. Results recorded are later used to correlate with the trait percentile extracted through image selection tasks. Pearson correlation coefficient is used for computing the correlation between the personality profiles of the participants. The correlation test reveals that 82% of the results are positively correlated with a p-value of 0.02. Using this data, three AI classifiers, namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are trained for predicting the personality traits of the participants. Initially, these classifiers are trained to categorize a person being high, average, low or very low in a personality trait. Where, the maximum average accuracy of 83% is achieved by SVM for predicting agreeableness utilizing the polynomial kernel having degree six. Later, these classifiers are trained to predict the dominant personality trait, for which five class labels (i.e., O, C, E, A, and N) are assigned based on the highest percentile among all five traits. Where, SVM outperforms k-NN and ANN with an average accuracy of 70%. The results reveal that different aspects of human personality can be predicted with sufficient accuracy using an individual's choice of images in a real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of personality types is one of the activities commonly carried out by organizations to select human resources (HR). The personality type is adjusted to the job description that must be done by the selected individual. Maximum individual performance is the reason why personality tests are needed by organizations. The personality test method commonly used is to get a response in the form of a written answer from a questionnaire. Another method is proposed which takes into account individual facial expressions. Both methods use an iterative process to achieve consistency in individual responses. The repetition process is carried out with a limited frequency and the implementation takes a long time. This limited frequency has the potential to cause errors in inferring personality types. Inconsistent responses from individuals identified with personality types make the reliability level of personality tests less than optimal. Reliability that is not optimal can have a negative impact on decision-making in the selection of selected human resources. Based on these problems, this study proposes the use of electroencephalography (EEG) to confirm individual personality types. The EEG used is a stimulated wave because the individual sees a visual form known as Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). Visual stimulus is the user interface design of a job support application. The stimulus is generated with a lot of frequency so that it can be relied on in knowing the consistent response. It is hoped that the recorded VEP pattern will reach a very good permanent level. An excellent permanent VEP rate can be determined by comparing between recording sessions. The permanent level of the VEP becomes the actual individual VEP. VEP comparisons between individuals will be compared for the classification process. The resulting classification is expected to show that individual VEP corresponds to each individual's personality type from the results of personality tests carried out by conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundNearly half of individuals with substance use disorders relapse in the year after treatment. A diagnostic tool to help clinicians make decisions regarding treatment does not exist for psychiatric conditions. Identifying individuals with high risk for relapse to substance use following abstinence has profound clinical consequences. This study aimed to develop neuroimaging as a robust tool to predict relapse.Methods68 methamphetamine-dependent adults (15 female) were recruited from 28-day inpatient treatment. During treatment, participants completed a functional MRI scan that examined brain activation during reward processing. Patients were followed 1 year later to assess abstinence. We examined brain activation during reward processing between relapsing and abstaining individuals and employed three random forest prediction models (clinical and personality measures, neuroimaging measures, a combined model) to generate predictions for each participant regarding their relapse likelihood.Results18 individuals relapsed. There were significant group by reward-size interactions for neural activation in the left insula and right striatum for rewards. Abstaining individuals showed increased activation for large, risky relative to small, safe rewards, whereas relapsing individuals failed to show differential activation between reward types. All three random forest models yielded good test characteristics such that a positive test for relapse yielded a likelihood ratio 2.63, whereas a negative test had a likelihood ratio of 0.48.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that neuroimaging can be developed in combination with other measures as an instrument to predict relapse, advancing tools providers can use to make decisions about individualized treatment of substance use disorders.

Contemporary models of psychosocial development include domains of development for interpersonal relations and cognitive complexity. Integrating these two domains to conceptualize interpersonal complexity is a useful construct for research purposes. Furthermore, the analysis of interpersonal complexity can benefit from approaching it from both rational and non-rational dimensions. The former can be done through Jane Loevinger's conceptualization of adult ego development while the latter can be done through Gilbert Durand's conceptualization of the Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary. Furthermore, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test is an empirically sound instrument to test the rational aspects of interpersonal complexity while the Archetypal Test of Nine Elements is an empirically sound instrument to test the non-rational elements of it. This article will conclude with research implications and applications of approaching interpersonal complexity from both the rational and non-rational dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate premorbid temperaments to predict postpartum depression in pregnant women with no previous psychiatric history and to clarify the correlation between postpartum depression and the factors included in the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A)/Munich Personality Test (MPT).Methods: A total of 170 eligible pregnant women filled out both questionnaires, the first between the 8th and 23rd week of gestation, and the latter between the 34th and 38th week of gestation. Participants filled out The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) one month postpartum to measure for postpartum depression symptoms. All participants delivered full-term healthy babies.Results: Seventeen (10%) women met the criteria for postpartum depression with a score of 9 or higher on the EDPS. The factors significantly related to developing postpartum depression were schizoid and melancholic temperament on the TEMPS-A/MPT and marital dissatisfaction on the PDPI-R. The total score on the PDPI-R was significantly correlated with depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments on the TEMPS-A/MPT. A lack of social support on the PDPI-R was significantly correlated with depressive, irritable, and anxious temperaments on the TEMPS-A/MPT.Conclusion: The findings suggest that postpartum depression may be related to schizoid and melancholic temperaments and marital dissatisfaction. The hyperthymic temperament was identified as a significant predictor in preventing PPD. Careful observation during puerperium is recommended if a pregnant woman is likely to have these temperaments or psychological conditions. Temperament evaluation should be done during pregnancy as a form of postpartum depression screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in the dimensional assessment of personality functioning have made the implementation of latent measurement models increasingly attractive. In this study, we applied item response theory (IRT) to a well-established personality functioning instrument (the OPD Structure Questionnaire) to identify a unidimensional latent trait and to evaluate the feasibility of computer adaptive testing (CAT). We hypothesized that the use of IRT could reduce the test burden – compared to a fixed short form – while maintaining high precision over a wide range of the latent trait. The OPD-SQ was collected from 1235 patients in a psychosomatic clinic. IRT assumptions were fulfilled. A 9-factor model yielded sufficient fit and unidimensionality in exploratory factor analysis with bifactor rotation. Items were iteratively reduced, and a graded-response IRT model was fitted to the data. Simulations showed that a CAT with approximately 7 items was able to capture an OPD-SQ global severity score with an accuracy similar to that of a fixed 12-item short form. The final item bank and CAT yielded satisfactory content validity. Strong correlations with depression and anxiety replicated previous results on the OPD-SQ. We concluded that IRT applications could be useful to reduce the test burden of personality functioning instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic fowl have been demonstrated to individually differ in personality, dictating reactions to environmental stimuli. Free-range chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus , show individual range use variation, which may be related to personality differences. Enrichment can also modify behavioural traits. This study measured behavioural impacts of rearing enrichments across pullets and young adults, testing for personality differences and whether they predicted range use variation. Laying hens were reared for 16 weeks across nine pens under three conditions comparing control floor litter rearing with two enrichment types (novel objects or perching structures). At 16 weeks of age, 1386 pullets were transferred to a laying facility, housed in nine identical pens and given range access at 25 weeks. A sample of birds were tested at 9–11 weeks and 20–21 weeks with a series of tests: novel arena, adaptation to the arena with food present, open field, novel maze arena training with food and maze tests. Individual range use from 27 to 31 weeks was measured via radiofrequency identification technology. Enriched pullets were significantly quicker to first step in the adaptation with food present and structurally reared hens were significantly quicker to first step in the open field during testing, but there were no significant differences observed during maze arena training and testing. Of 16 correlations among test parameters, 11 were significant for control birds and six to seven were significant for the enriched treatments. Test parameter and range use correlations were significant for the control birds only. These results support the presence of different personalities in hens with enrichment reducing fear and increasing adaptation. Fewer correlations in the enriched hens suggest they developed a more plastic personality type. This response strategy may have fitness benefits for free-range birds or other captive-reared animals that undergo drastic environmental change across their lifetime. • Behavioural tests were conducted across pullet and adult laying hens. • Rearing enrichments reduced fear and increased adaptation in some tests. • Individual personality variation was confirmed across time. • Rearing enrichments reduced correlations among test parameters. • Test parameters predicted range use in control hens only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted to assess the correlation between five personality factors and the strength of anxiety symptoms in high school students. This is particularly significant because adolescent anxiety can lead to future mental deterioration. The research that has been conducted implements the Big Five Personality Test and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The five personality types, extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the anxiety levels are self reported on a continuum. The answers on the Big 5 Test range from “disagree” to “agree” with the statements while the BAI ranges from “not at all” to “severely” in terms of how intensely the symptoms are experienced. Based on the 146 responses from high school students in a suburban school district in South Carolina, there is a weak correlation between the factors. This does not support the hypothesis that students with high levels of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion will experience higher levels of anxiety symptoms, as well as the hypothesis that there would be no correlation between agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness with anxiety symptoms. The strength of these correlations was determined with the use of a linear regression t-test for statistical analysis. While the correlation coefficients were weak, the direction of the linear pattern for neuroticism and extraversion matched the hypothesis. The p-value between extraversion and anxiety, 0.003, indicates that the relationship is statistically significant, making its correlation less likely due purely to chance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological variables of a person (e.g., cognitive abilities, personality traits, emotional states, and preferences) are valuable information that can be utilized by social robots to offer personalized human–robot interaction. These variables are often latent and inferred indirectly from a third-person perspective based on an individual's behavioral manifestations (e.g., facial emotion expressions), and hence the true values of inferred psychological variables remain unknown to a robot observer. Although earlier studies have employed robot-administered psychological tests to infer psychological variables based on an individual's first-person responses, these tests were formally presented and could be tedious to some users. To leverage the validity and reliability of well-established psychological tests for user profiling with ease, the present study examined the possibility of asynchronously embedding psychological test questions into casual human–robot conversations. In our experiment using a big-five personality inventory, the verbal responses from users to these asynchronous test questions were then compared with the written responses to the same personality test. The personality measures estimated from the two approaches correlated strongly in a young adult population but only moderately in an older population. These findings demonstrate the validity of the proposed asynchronous method for psychological testing in human–agent interactions and suggest some caveats when this testing method is applied to older adults or other special populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In previous research, personality and exposure to psychiatry were independently shown to shape medical students attitudes towards psychiatry (ATP). This paper aims to investigate the role of psychiatry placements and personality types on medical student attitudes towards psychiatry (ATP). Design/methodology/approach: All medical students from four consecutive years at Cambridge University, UK were invited to take part in an online questionnaire including the ATP-30 Questionnaire and The Big Five Factor personality Inventory (BFI). Findings: Students who had completed their psychiatry placement had more positive ATP than students who had not (t = −3.24, adjusted p = 0.004). However, this was not reflected in an increased self-reported likelihood of choosing psychiatry as a career (t = 0.28, adjusted p = 0.78). Higher agreeable personality scores were associated with both a higher willingness to take up psychiatry as a career (linear model estimate 0.06; p = 0.03), and more positive ATP (linear model estimate 0.14; p < 0.0001). Originality/value: This work seems to confirm that exposure to psychiatry improves attitudes towards psychiatry. Agreeable personality traits were also associated with a higher willingness to take up psychiatry postgraduate training. These findings might help shape future campaigns to improve the profile of psychiatry training. Future research on this topic is needed to address whether improved ATP among medical students can longitudinally improve recruitment into post-graduate psychiatry training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Career selection and making decision for future careers for pursuing relevant higher education is one of the important turning points in the life of every high school student. Historically because of different influencing factors students pursue different careers irrespective of their choices and individual capabilities. In recent years more trends are observed to pursue careers based on individual personality and different tests available for that. This research work focuses on the importance of gamification in the analysis and evaluation of individual's personality. While analysing that and designing the gamification solid backbone of engaging and effective storytelling is very important. Interactive storytelling and gamification can help high school students for better career decision for their future life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spiritual Psychology & Counseling is the property of Halil Eksi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Theory of mind (ToM) impairments are well documented in schizophrenia, although it remains unclear whether these deficits exist among individuals with schizotypy. The current study sought to shed light on mixed findings in schizotypy by differentiating between various aspects of ToM, (cognitive/affective ToM and overmentalization/undermentalization). A three-group design (positive schizotypy, negative affect, and healthy control) was used to assess ToM performance on the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition. Results indicated that the positive schizotypy group made greater intent overmentalization errors than both control groups. The schizotypy and negative affect groups made greater emotion overmentalization errors relative to healthy controls. In addition, the authors explored the relationship between ToM, schizotypal traits, and psychosocial functioning. Results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between cognitive-perceptual schizotypal traits and intent overmentalization as well as a significant positive relationship between interpersonal traits and emotion overmentalization. Finally, intent and emotion overmentalization were both related to poorer psychosocial functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the current research is to identify the temperamental personality and its relationship to self-presentation among the students of the kindergarten department, as well as to identify the self-presentation and the relationship between the temperamental personality and the selfpresentation of the students of the kindergarten department. As to achieve the goals of the current research, the researcher built a temperamental personality test based on Cattell's theory and previous studies, as the test items in its final form reached (34) items, as for the Self Presentation Scale, the researcher adopted the (Al-Asimi, 2011) scale as the items of the scale in its final form reached (30) paragraphs, and the psychometric properties of the two scales were verified. The two tools were applied to a sample of (400) students, who were selected by a random stratified method from students of the kindergarten department at my university (Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriyah) for the year (2020-2021) and in light of the objectives of the current research, the following results were reached: 1-The research sample is characterized by temperamental personality. 2-The research sample has an average presentation. 3-There is no relationship between mood or temperamental personality and self-presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient" personality profile consistent across cultures. Proxy reports information was obtained from family and close friends of 239 U.S. centenarians from the Georgia Centenarians Study and 272 Japanese centenarians from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify personality profiles in centenarians from the United States and Japan. Two personality profiles were identified in both samples: a "resilient" personality profile and "nonresilient" personality profile. The "resilient" group had higher levels of positive personality traits with higher scores on agreeableness and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. The "nonresilient" group had higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Fifty percent of U.S. centenarians and 65% of Japanese centenarians were in the "resilient" group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to to analyze the relationship between the big five personality traits and adjustment to university by examining the extent to which the self-assessment of Turkish adolescents personality traits predict their adjustment to university. The study group consisted of 168 students: 101 females and 67 males. The study data was collected using The Adjustment to University Life Scale and the Adjective-Based Personality Test (ABPT). The findings of this study revealed that personal adjustment and academic adjustment predicts emotional instability/neuroticism and conscientiousness in a meaningful way. Also, social adjustment predicts agreeableness in a meaningful way. A number of recommendations were then presented based on our study's findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I (SCID-5-AMPD-I) assessing the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) in a heterogeneous sample of 282 nonpsychotic patients. Latent variable models were used to investigate the dimensionality of the LPFS. The results indicate that the LPFS, as assessed by the SCID-5-AMPD-I, can be considered as a unidimensional construct that can be measured reliably across a wide range of the latent trait. Threshold parameters for the 12 indicators of the LPFS increased gradually over the latent scale, indicating that the five LPFS levels were ordered as predicted by the model. In general, the increase of threshold parameters was relatively small for the shift from Level 2 to Level 3. A better distinction among the different severity levels might be obtained by fine-tuning the interview guidelines or the Level 2 indicators themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Big Five and the interpersonal circumplex are among the most extensively used structural frameworks in personality research. Of the five factors, extraversion and agreeableness are theorized to carry the most interpersonal context, however, all five factors are likely to have important interpersonal implications. In the present study, we evaluated the associations between domains of interpersonal functioning and the Big Five domains and facets using the bootstrapped structural summary method. Results suggested that all Big Five traits showed prototypical and specific interpersonal profiles, with variability observed across lower order facets and domains of interpersonal functioning. Several Big Five traits and facets not overtly related to interpersonal behavior nonetheless showed specific, prototypical associations to interpersonal profiles. Findings suggest that Big Five traits and facets are saturated with interpersonal content and even personality characteristics that are not explicitly interpersonal may still have specific interpersonal implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to discover whether psychological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was associated with changes in the big five personality traits and their facets. Method: Patients with GAD were randomized either to receive cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT, n = 28) or metacognitive therapy (MCT, n = 32). Before and after 12 sessions of treatment, 55 of the patients completed the full Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) (240 items). Results: Patients with GAD showed a personality profile with high Neuroticism and lower Extraversion and Openness. Treatment across conditions was associated with significant reduction in Neuroticism and increased Extraversion and Openness. There were no significant changes in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. However, their facets of Actions and Trust increased. Post‐treatment levels of neuroticism were associated with symptoms of worry before and after therapy, whereas post‐treatment extraversion was related to depressive symptoms after treatment. MCT was associated with greater reduction of Neuroticism than CBT. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that efficient treatment for a specific disorder resulted in changes across NEO‐PI‐R factors and facets and that more efficient treatment results in greater change. If this reflects a reduced trait vulnerability for mental disorder, this might provide evidence of relapse prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of Neutrosophic statistics is utilized for the analysis of the uncertainty observation data. Neutrosophic multiple regression is one of a vital roles in the analysis of the impact between the dependent and independent variables. The Neutrosophic regression equation is useful to predict the future value of the dependent variable. This paper to predict the students' performance in campus interviews is based on aptitude and personality tests, which measures conscientiousness, and predict the future trend. Neutrosophic multiple regression is to authenticate the claim and examine the null hypothesis using the F-test. This study exhibits that Neutrosophic multiple regression is the most efficient model for uncertainty rather than the classical regression models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flicker light stimulation can induce short-term alterations in consciousness including hallucinatory color perception and geometric patterns. In the study at hand, the subjective experiences during 3 Hz and 10 Hz stroboscopic light stimulation of the closed eyes were assessed. In a within-subjects design (N = 24), we applied the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (mood state), time perception ratings, the Altered State of Consciousness Rating Scale, and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. Furthermore, we tested for effects of personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-2 and Tellegen Absorption Scale) on subjective experiences. Such systematic quantification improves replicability, facilitates comparisons between pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques to induce altered states of consciousness, and is the prerequisite to study their underlying neuronal mechanisms. The resulting data showed that flicker light stimulation-induced states were characterized by vivid visual hallucinations of simple types, with effects strongest in the 10 Hz condition. Additionally, participants' personality trait of Absorption scores highly correlated with the experienced alterations in consciousness. Our data demonstrate that flicker light stimulation is capable of inducing visual effects with an intensity rated to be similar in strength to effects induced by psychedelic substances and thereby support the investigation of potentially shared underlying neuronal mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the evolution of the theory on occupational safety shows a trend towards the responsibility of the organization in this matter, there is no doubt about the importance of the individual human factor in the confrontation of dangers. Personality tests can help to know how each individual will face activities with possible associated risk. It is possible to integrate personality studies with risk perception studies. The objective of this work is to present a methodology that combines computerized personality test methods with the capabilities of a risk perception evaluation system that allows integrating aspects that are transcendental in the identification of weak points in individual safety, which are taxable to the design of training plans that promote safe attitudes towards occupational hazards. A key sector of occupational hazards is that of activities that use sources of ionizing radiation, including gammagraphy and radiological medicine practices. As an example of the application of the developed methodology, an individual study carried out on an industrial gammagraphy worker. The result shows that the worker risk perception and personality denote a marked propensity for accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4 serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1-4) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that infect humans. Live attenuated tetravalent DENV vaccines are at different phases of clinical testing. DENV vaccine developers have relied on neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) as a correlate of protection. A leading tetravalent vaccine (Dengvaxia) stimulated NAbs to the 4 DENV serotypes, yet overall vaccine efficacy was low in children who were DENV seronegative at baseline before vaccination. We compared the properties of (a) NAbs induced by WT DENV1 or DENV3 infections, which are strongly correlated with protection from repeat infections, and (b) NAbs induced by Dengvaxia in individuals who subsequently experienced DENV1 or DENV3 breakthrough infections. WT infections induced NAbs that recognized epitopes unique (type specific) to each serotype, whereas the vaccine stimulated qualitatively different NAbs that recognized epitopes conserved (crossreactive) between serotypes. Our results indicate that, among children who were DENV-seronegative at baseline, unbalanced replication of the DENV type 4 vaccine component in the tetravalent vaccine stimulates Abs capable of crossneutralizing DENV1 and DENV3 in vitro, but not protecting in vivo. In DENV-seronegative individuals who are vaccinated, we propose that type-specific NAbs are a better correlate of protection than total levels of NAbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The literature indicates the impact of psychological factors on the development and course of diabetes remains unclear. Aim To explore personality, depression, diabetes-related distress and illness beliefs in adults attending routine diabetes clinics and investigate whether the extent of these difficulties can predict foot self-care. Methods Participants were consecutive patients with diabetes attending diabetes outpatient and podiatry clinics in hospitals who completed self-administered questionnaires to access personality traits and evaluate them for personality disorders, depression, diabetes-related distress, beliefs about illness and foot self-care. Results Approximately 1 in 5 participants screened positive for Type D personality, personality disorders and diabetic- related distress; 8% screened positive for major depression. A standard multiple regression model determined whether foot self-care was predicted by these variables. The results were non-significant, F (13, 106) = 1.63, p = .09. Having macrovascular complications was significantly positively related to foot self-care (r(118) = .20, p = .027). Participants with a current and/or past history of DFU had higher BMI, longer duration of diabetes, were more likely to be on insulin therapy and to have concomitant microvascular complications. Conclusion Personality and mood disorders are prevalent in people attending diabetes clinics, but the variables measured here do not predict foot self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social behaviours are fundamental to gregarious animals and a dynamic force driving social structures, conflicts and cooperation. As a personality trait, sociability is defined as the individual reaction to the presence or absence of conspecifics and the motivation to associate with them. Research on sociability has been scarce compared to other personality traits, thus limiting our understanding of individual social behaviours which could potentially reflect it. To tackle this issue, we used a comprehensive approach, combining individual testing and Social Network Analysis. We designed a Novel Peer Test (NPT) to investigate sociability towards an unfamiliar conspecific. We conducted the NPT on 80 male domestic pigs at 6 weeks of age divided into 5 replicated groups over time. Each pig was confronted with an unfamiliar conspecific, separated by a fence in a familiar environment. To complement the NPT, we performed established personality tests, including an Open Field Test, Novel Object Test, Human Approach Test. All tests were repeated after two weeks. Pigs' social interactions in the home pen were recorded and used for Social Network Analysis, and the associated weighted degree and betweenness centrality were calculated. Through Principal Component Analysis, we found that the NPT highlighted pigs' motivation to interact with an unfamiliar conspecific, hence an aspect of sociability, and independently from novelty seeking. Additionally, the NPT may be a suitable personality test given that the behavioural profiles of the pigs were consistent over time. Pigs' network positions in the home pen for non-agonistic interactions did not predict behaviours in the NPT. Specifically, there were no links between nosing and play during the NPT and nosing and play in the home pen. This may be due to the different contexts, as the social interactions occurred dyadically with an unfamiliar conspecific during the NPT while the social networks are based on unrestrained social interactions with a group of familiar pen-mates. In contrast, walking close to the fence separating the focal and novel pig during the NPT was predicted by agonistic interactions in the home pen. This behaviour is ambiguous to interpret since it additionally loaded on the extracted sociability trait, thus, it could be driven by sociability and/or aggression. Understanding pigs' sociability will have implications for their welfare, highlighting the need for an adequate social environment to properly express different levels of sociability. • We extracted exploration and sociability as traits across four personality tests. • The Novel Peer Test was consistent over time, hence a suitable personality test. • Fight with pen-mates predicted more walking by the fence separating focal/novel pig. • Non-agonistic interactions with pen-mates did not predict those with a novel pig. • This study provides evidence for the multidimensionality of sociability in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special), Machiavellianism (Crafty), Psychopathy (Wild), and Sadism (Mean) traits. In total, 447 adults completed three tests: a bright-side, work-related, personality test (HPTI: High Performance Type Indicator), a dark-side test (Short Dark Tetrad) and a number of self-ratings. Correlations and regressions showed that all four dark traits were associated with low Adjustment (Neuroticism), but also with high Risk-Taking and Competitiveness (low Agreeableness). The various measures accounted for a third of the variance in explaining the Mean (Sadistic) score, and 40 % for Special (Narcissism). Trait Competitiveness was most closely associated with all four dark traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of new technology, traditional job interviews have been supplemented by asynchronous video interviews (AVIs). However, research on psychometric properties of AVIs is limited. In this study, 710 participants completed a mock AVI responding to eight personality questions (Extraversion, Conscientiousness). We collected self- and observer reports of personality, interview performance ratings, attractiveness, and AVI meta-information (e.g., professional attire, audio quality). Then, we automatically extracted the words, facial expressions, and voice characteristics from the videos and trained machine learning models to predict the personality traits and interview performance. Our algorithm explained substantially more variance in observer reports of Extraversion and Conscientiousness (average R 2 = 0.32) and interview performance (R 2 = 0.44), than self-reported Extraversion and Conscientiousness (average R 2 = 0.12). Consistent with Trait Activation Theory, the explained variance in personality traits increased when participants responded to trait-relevant, compared to trait-irrelevant, questions. The test-retest reliability of our algorithm was somewhat stable over a time period of seven months, but lower than desired reliability standards in personnel selection. We examined potential sources of bias, including age, gender, and attractiveness, and found some instances of algorithmic bias (e.g., gender differences were often amplified in favor of women). • Machine learning explains personality/interview performance variance in AVIs. • Trait-relevant questions increase explained personality variance of AVIs. • Algorithmic assessment of AVIs is generally free from algorithmic bias. • Verbal, not facial/voice, features explain most personality variance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational respondents often provide misleading or patently false information on job applications, personality tests, and other self-reports. Nevertheless, the degree to which socially desirable responding (SDR) threatens the validity of organizational self-reports remains controversial in academic research. The present research contends that the true level of SDR in organizational measures has often been underestimated because the SDR scales used to detect this bias (i.e., the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding and the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale) were never intended for use in organizational settings. We therefore develop and validate the SDR-O, which is a short, unidimensional scale designed to measure the impression management component of socially desirable responding in the workplace and other organizational contexts. We demonstrate that the SDR-O is a valid measure of the conscious tendency of organizational respondents to create an overly positive (i.e., inauthentic) impression via their answers to questions. Our research has important implications for academic and managerial research on the wide array of organizational topics that have a desirability component, including employee personality traits, performance, ethics, citizenship, and deviance. • The authors develop and validate a measure of socially desirable responding for organizations. • The scale reflects inauthentic impression management rather than self-deceptive enhancement. • The scale advances our understanding of the range of topics that have a desirability component. • The research finds that the new measure is superior to the BIDR-IM in organizational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Resolving the burning issues of personality psychology requires linguistic analysis. • Lexical-semantic analysis can uncover the folk meanings of personality words. • Corpus-assisted semantic analysis is used to examine selected personality words. • Semantic explications of shy and outgoing (the Extraversion domain) are showcased. • Linguistics can address language-specific biases in personality testing. This study addresses linguistic and cross-disciplinary issues connected with the study of personality trait words, e.g., shy , selfish , outgoing. Although the personality lexicon has long been seen as a primary concern for the field of psychology, it is argued here that the study of personality words belongs primarily within the domain of linguistics and can be performed by methods of lexical semantics and corpus analysis. To demonstrate this, two English personality adjectives representative of the personality dimension Extraversion (namely, shy and outgoing) are analysed using a corpus-assisted Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach. The results highlight the status of the English words as folk concepts. The risks of excessive reliance on such folk concepts in personality research are demonstrated by the brief comparison with Russian, and alternative ways forward are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 –Brief Form (PID-5-BF), and its relationship to aggression in 438 incarcerated Australian male offenders. Results provide support for the internal consistency and five-factor and bifactor structure of the PID-5-BF. The PID-5-BF total score, as well as the domains of Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Negative Affect (low), demonstrated significant relationships with aggression. These results provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF within prison settings, and suggest that a PID-5-BF assessment may be useful within forensic settings to screen for broad maladaptive personality characteristics that are indicative of a greater propensity for aggressive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing need to provide leadership development opportunities for graduate and professional students, this article discusses how to integrate leadership assessment and inventories within graduate and professional education. The DiSC personality test, insights discovery assessment, Myers–Briggs type indicator, and CliftonStrengths will be reviewed and described as tools to foster leadership identity development. Additionally, this article will discuss the need to connect these tools with existing theoretical frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]