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This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements and challenges in scalable modular antenna arrays for 5G Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) networks, a pivotal technology for the next-generation wireless communication. Tracing the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 4G, the paper contextualizes the paradigm shift brought by 5G, characterized by enhanced spectral efficiency, massive device connectivity, and higher frequency bands. Focusing on Massive MIMO, the paper explores its role in augmenting network capacity and signal quality via advanced techniques like beamforming and spatial multiplexing. It delves into the intricacies of designing and implementing scalable modular antenna arrays, essential for the flexibility and optimization of rapidly evolving 5G networks. The review also covers mathematical modeling, advantages of Massive MIMO, and the challenges in integration, performance under diverse conditions, and cost-complexity balance. Concluding with insights into the commercialization trajectory of MIMO technology and its integration into modern telecommunications, the paper highlights the ongoing research directions and future potential of scalable modular antenna arrays in meeting the ambitious demands of 5G and beyond.

Introduction: Telenursing is the effective strategic in nursing intervention. It gives benefits in many chronic cares, especially in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to gather evidences about application of telenursing and its benefits for DM patients. Methods: integrative literature review was conducted in this study. PRISMA flowchart used as guidance in literature searching. Online databases were Pubmed, ProQuest, EbscoHost, and Sciencedirect. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined in gaining the related literature..Summarizing the literature was showed in the table. Results: Total of 7 articles were selected in this study. Five articles were from developing country, one article as from developed country, and the other was not stated clearly. Five articles also used RCT design, one article used quasy experiment, and remain article used longitudinal mixed method case study design Conclusion: there are several telenursing-based intervention applied in clinical setting. Telenursing-based intervention used some modalities including telephone or video conference in giving the education for patients with diabetes mellitus

The need for a communication system with a higher data rate and mobility grows along with information and communication technology development. Combining MC-CDMA with the MIMO system and supporting the system with a good transmit diversity technique is a promising idea to provide the needed communication system, especially in high mobility conditions. MC-CDMA can support ubiquitous communications without affecting the achievable BER and is more capable of high-speed mobility. It integrates the benefit of both OFDM and CDMA. On the other hand, QO-STBC increases the bit rate without using additional bandwidth to transmit diversity in the MIMO system. So, this study proposed a system combining the MIMO MC-CDMA system with QO-STBC. The proposed system is investigated under high mobility conditions to see the system's performance. The simulation results show that our system performs better than the MC-CDMA STBC system and the QOSTBC system but not better than the MC-CDMA multilevel coding scheme. To reach the value of BER 10−3, MC-CDMA multilevel Coding requires less power, around 5 dB, than the proposed system.

Membership in the G-20 forum is both a threat and an opportunity for Indonesian agricultural commodities. Indonesia must be able to take advantage of this great opportunity to increase international trade activities, especially exports. Although the G-20 market is a potential market, Indonesia faces challenges because it is considered not ready to compete and threatened to become a market for other countries. In 2020, Indonesia's agricultural exports (HS 01-24) are in ninth place compared to its competitors in G-20 market. In order to increase the export share, the purpose of this study is to analyze the development of exports from Indonesia to the G20 market and the competitiveness of agricultural products. The analyzes used are descriptive analysis, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). The results showed that 63.25% of the five selected agricultural export commodities had comparative competitiveness in the G-20 market. From the trend of increasing exports, several countries that become non-traditional markets have the potential as a market diversification destination, including Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Turkey, and Argentina. DRCA analysis shows that the dynamics of the G-20 market are quite large, and some of them are experiencing a decline. The strategy to increase exports to the G-20 market is to maintain the competitiveness of commodities in the rising star quadrant, as well as increase the competitiveness of commodities that are in the lagging opportunity and lost opportunity quadrant due to high global demand for these commodities.

The aims of this study was to analyze the role of schools in inculcating multicultural values, the driving and inhibiting factors for inculcating multicultural values, and the pattern of inculcating multicultural values in State Senior High School 1 Kendal. This research used a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology. Data collection techniques are interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results show that schools have a socialization role, providing knowledge about multicultural values; the role of education is to educate and provide an example of multicultural behavior; and the role of evaluation is to provide corrections for violations of multicultural values in schools. The driving factor for the cultivation of multicultural value is an open student family environment, teachers' knowledge of multicultural values, high school curriculum policies that accommodate student differences, as well as school programs that support the cultivation of values. The inhibiting factors are harsh environmental factors, and problematic student family environmental factors and uneven teacher knowledge related to the concept of multicultural education. The pattern of cultivating multicultural values at State Senior High School 1 Kendal is a contribution and additive pattern, by introducing multicultural values in learning indirectly by introducing heroes or figures who come from different cultural, religious and regional backgrounds. In addition, by adapting multicultural values into the material in the subject.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical and psychological impact on school-age children. Parents also have the challenge of shaping the behavior of school-age children regarding the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of school-age children in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. This is a cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique and distributed a questionnaire survey to parents who have school-age children that are 6-12 years old, and the total was 474 people. The questionnaire assesses school-age children's behavior by applying the Health Belief Model theory. Multiple logistic regression tests found that parental age, parental education level, parental knowledge, and residence had a significant influence on the prevention of COVID-19 transmission in school-age children (P-value < 0.05). Four variables having a chance in good prevention of COVID-19 transmission at school-age children, there were elderly parents had a 5.6-time (95% CI OR 2.8-11.5), parents with higher education had 2.9 times (95% CI OR 1.9:4,3), parents with good knowledge had 2.6-time (95% CI OR 1.7-4.1), urban areas also had 1.86-time (95% CI OR 1.18-2.95). Parental age, parental level education, parental knowledge, and residence have a significant influence on the prevention of COVID-19 transmission behavior in school-age children.

This study aims to analyze the impact of gender construction in married millennial couples, particularly in career and household role distribution. It was a qualitative study using phenomenology format. The data collection was done by applying observation and in-depth interview. The data analyses used construction theory and qualitative analysis. Based on the multiple analyses, women living in the Graha Surya and Vila Dawung act both as office workers and housewives. Besides supporting the family economy, they are allowed to work to avoid getting bored at home, gain experience outside, and make friends. Gender bias in the household life of millennial couples seems blurred as wives are also required to help meet family needs. Married couples who synergistically work also provide flexibility in the financial management of their respective salaries. This way, family decisions depend not only on the husband; discussions on various issues due to equal position. Constraints faced by career married couples are the limited time to gather with family and take care of the household.

An expedition to Lasitae Protected Forest in District of Barru, South Sulawesi was undertaken to collect living plants for Pucak Botanic Garden, South Sulawesi. The aims were to investigate the diversity of the plants and as a dedication to the Expedition of the Republic of Indonesia Corridor Sulawesi. Using an explorative method, we collected the plants and recorded all data in the field following the tracks assisted by the field guide. A total of 179 collection-numbers have been collected from this dry lowland forest including the data for the local names. Many potential and valuable plants occur in the forest, 13 plants were highlighted in this paper for its conservation status, the potentiality for various purposes or its uniqueness: Diospyros celebica Bakh. or streak ebony (Ebenaceae), Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr. (Arecaceae), Phyllanthus lamprophyllus Mull.Arg. (Phyllanthaceae), Cycas rumphii Miq. (Cycadaceae), Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), Garcinia celebica L. (Clusiaceae), Nervilia aragoana Gaud. (Orchidaceae), Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume (Orchidaceae), Ophioglossum reticulatum L. (Ophioglossaceae), Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr. (Dilleniaceae), Derris trifoliata Lour., Phytocrene bracteata Wall. (Icacinaceae), and Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume and Ardisia elliptica Thunb. can easily be found and widely spread.

ABSTRAK Untuk memastikan sistem antena MIMO memiliki kapasitas kanal yang diharapkan, maka rancangan antenanya harus memenuhi indikator kinerja optimum, yang ditentukan oleh karakteristik dari elemen penyusun dan konfigurasi susunan antena MIMO. Polarisasi antena merupakan aspek yang mempengaruhi mutual coupling antar elemen antena pada MIMO. Sebagai salah satu parameter penting, maka konfigurasi polarisasi elemen antena pada proses desain harus dikaji dengan baik. Pada paper ini sebagai kontribusi penelitian, dilakukan kajian secara mendalam mengenai susunan linear elemen mikrostrip dengan polarisasi sirkular untuk antena MIMO pada frekuensi sub-6 GHz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi B dan C yang merupakan konfigurasi polarisasi silang yang memiliki rentang frekuensi 2,04 x dan 2,08 x lebih lebar dibandingkan konfigurasi A, yang memiliki rentang frekuensi terendah berdasarkan Envelope Cross Correlation (ECC), dan memiliki rentang frekuensi 3,9 x dan 3,87 x lebih lebar dibandingkan konfigurasi E yang memiliki rentang frekuensi terendah berdasarkan Diversity Gain (DG). Kata kunci: MIMO, antena, polarisasi sirkular, konfigurasi.  ABSTRACT To ensure MIMO antenna system has the expected channel capacity, antenna design needs to meet the requirement of MIMO antenna optimal performance indicators, that are determined by the characteristics of the constituent elements and the configuration of the MIMO antenna array. Antenna polarization is a feature that affects the mutual coupling between antenna elements in MIMO. Therefore, the configuration of antenna element polarization in the design process needs to be well studied. Our research contribution in this paper is an in-depth study of the linear arrangement of circularly polarized microstrip elements for MIMO antennas at sub-6 GHz frequencies. The simulation results show that B and C configuration as cross-polarizing configuration have 2,04 x and 2,08 x wider bandwidth than A configuration, that has narrowest bandwidth based on Envelope Cross Correlation (ECC), and have 3,9 x and 3,87 x wider bandwidth than E configuration, that having narrowest bandwidth based on Diversity Gain (DG). Keywords: MIMO, antenna, circular polarization, configuration.

Abstract The performance of communications is determined by the channel, therefore knowledge of channel model of a country is important. This paper proposes (i) the fifth telecommunication generation (5G) Indonesia channel model and (ii) a framework to derive the channel model of any locations in Indonesia. We consider operating frequency of 3.3 GHz with bandwidth of 40 MHz with real-field parameters of several cities in Indonesia. We also present a theoretical outage performance evaluated for the proposed Indonesia 5G channel model validated by block error rate (BLER) performances of cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) numerology zero with 5G complex binary phase shift keying (C-BPSK) and Polar coding scheme. Sub-optimal Polar codes are used in this research, where better performances are expected in the future. We found that the Indonesia 5G channel model has 17 paths for the case of without foliage effect and has less than 15 paths for the case of with foliage effect. The results show that foliage attenuation causes performance degradations indicated by smaller number of paths and worse theoretical outage performances. The obtained outage performances from the proposed Indonesia 5G channel model in this paper are expected to be a reference for 5G implementations in Indonesia. Abstrak Kinerja sistem komunikasi ditentukan oleh kanal, sehingga pengetahuan model kanal suatu negara menjadi penting. Makalah ini mengusulkan (i) model kanal telekomunikasi generasi ke-lima (5G) Indonesia dan (ii) kerangka kerja untuk menghitung model kanal di lokasi lain di Indonesia. Model kanal dalam makalah ini diciptakan untuk bandwidth 40 MHz pada frekuensi 3,3 GHz dengan parameter riil lapangan. Makalah ini juga menampilkan teori outage performance yang diperoleh dari model kanal 5G Indonesia, kemudian memvalidasi teori outage performance tersebut menggunakan block error rate (BLER) pada cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) numerology zero dengan complex binary phase shift keying (C-BPSK) standard 5G dan Polar coding. Semua hasil numerik diperoleh dari simulasi komputer menggunakan parameter riil lapangan untuk alam Indonesia. Makalah ini menemukan bahwa kanal 5G Indonesia dapat dimodelkan power delay profile (PDP) dengan 17 path untuk kanal tanpa efek dedaunan dan kurang dari 15 path untuk kanal dengan dedaunan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa redaman daun menyebabkan penurunan kinerja, yang ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah path dan memburuknya outage performance. Kurva outage performance yang diperoleh dari model kanal 5G Indonesia diharapkan menjadi referensi untuk implementasi sistem 5G di Indonesia dalam pengembangan 5G di Indonesia secara optimal, terutama untuk lokasi yang memiliki dedaunan lebat.

Maraknya perdagangan perempuan dan anak (trafficking) menjadi fenomena yang menggelisahkan. Di berbagai daerah selalu ditemukan kasus perdagangan perempuan dan anak yang berkedok pencarian pekerjaan. Banyak pihak yang terlibat dan mendukung terjadinya kasus trafficking, antara lain agen penyalur tenaga kerja, calo, dan oknum aparat baik imigrasi maupun kepolisian itu sendiri. Penanganan kasus trafficking juga sudah diintensifkan di berbagai daerah, namun selalu saja kasus makin hari makin banyak. Kerawanan kasus makin tampak nyata di daerah perbatasan antar negara, karena ini merupakan jalur pintas untuk migrasi para pencari kerja terutama pekerja perempuan dan anak yang rawan menjadi korban trafficking. Penelitian ini mengambil kasus di perbatasan Kalimantan barat (Entikong) dengan Malaysia (Tebedu). Data diambil secara kualitatif dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa trafficking terjadi pada para pelintas batas terutama TKI/TKW sejak dari keberangkatan dengan pola dan sitem yang menyalahi atruran. Media untuk menanggulangi terjadinya kasus trafficking juga masih minim. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba menyusun sebuah panduan dan usulan untuk meminimalisi terjadinya kasus trafficking. Panduan berupa buku yang berisi tentang cara penanganan dan model yang diusulkan utk meminimalisi kasus trafficking ini dapat digunakan oleh siapa saja yang membutuhkan karena hanya buku singkat penuh dengan gambar sehingga mudah dipahami. Saran yang bisa direkomendasikan adalah melakukan tindak pencegahan terjadinya kasus dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat sekitar perbatasan termasuk di jalan setapak/jalan tikus, juga PJTKI . Media sosialisasi juga masih sangat minim, oleh karenanya penelitian ini berlanjut untuk menciptakan media Sosialisasi penanggulangan Trafficking di perbatasan.

Digital broadband communications require a fast, functional and efficient system. In a digital communication system, a long sequence of bits '0' or '1' will inherits the loss of bit synchronization, and hence it can cause the false detection on the receiver. To avoid this, long sequence of bits will be randomized first so that long sequence of bits '0' or '1' can be removed. This randomization process is called scrambling and the circuit that works for the process is a scrambler. In the receiver there is a descrambler that serves to return the bits to their original information. This paper presents a design of scrambler and descrambler using a combination of Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) with 15 registers, XOR logic gates, and Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) generator structure with polynomial 1 + x14 + x15. One of the two main parts of LFSR is the shift register while the other is the feedback. In LFSR, the bits contained within the selected position in the shift register will be combined in a function and the result will be put back into this register's input bit. Feedback also makes the system more stable and no error occurrence. Then special tap is taken from a certain point in XOR and returned as a feedback register. The system is implemented on FPGA board Altera De0-Nano EP4CE22F17C6 Cyclone IV E. Resource memory required