1,333 results on '"Shah Fahad"'
Search Results
352. Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria: Potential Bioagents for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture
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Niaz Ahmed, Fazli Wahid, Subhan Danish, Doğan Arslan, Huseyin Arslan, Muhammad Sharif, Rahul Datta, Muhammad Arif Ali, Rafiullah, Shah Fahad, Murat Erman, Muhammad Adnan, Fatemeh Gholizadeh, Shah Saud, Amjad Ali, and Ayman El Sabagh
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biology ,Agronomy ,Physiology ,Agriculture ,business.industry ,Plant Science ,Phosphorus management ,Mycorrhiza ,biology.organism_classification ,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria ,business ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2022
353. dep1 improves rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency simultaneously by enhancing nitrogen and dry matter translocation
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Li-ying HUANG, Xiao-xiao LI, Yun-bo ZHANG, Shah FAHAD, and Fei WANG
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Food Animals ,Ecology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biochemistry ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
354. A Hybrid Smart Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization for Multimodal Electromagnetic Design Problems
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Shah Fahad, Shiyou Yang, Shafi Ullah Khan, Shoaib Ahmed Khan, and Rehan Ali Khan
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General Computer Science ,General Engineering ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2022
355. Copper biosorption over green silver nanocomposite using artificial intelligence and statistical physics formalism
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Idrees, Fariha, primary, Sibtain, Fakhra, additional, Dar, M. Junaid, additional, Shah, Fahad Hassan, additional, Alam, Mahboob, additional, Hussain, Iqbal, additional, Kim, Song Ja, additional, Idrees, Jawaria, additional, Khan, Shahid Ali, additional, and Salman, Saad, additional
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- 2022
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356. Spatial Effects of Digital Transformation, PM2.5 Exposure, Economic Growth and Technological Innovation Nexus: PM2.5 Concentrations in China during 2010–2020
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Fenfen Ma, Shah Fahad, Mancang Wang, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, and Mohamed Haffar
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,PM2.5 exposure ,air pollution ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,digital transformation ,economic development ,spatial spillover effects - Abstract
Digital transformation can increase lending by commercial banks, which may have an impact on economic development and technological progress, thus affecting air pollution. However, a limited amount of literature has discussed the impact of the digital transformation of commercial banks (DTCB) on air pollution. Based on city-level data from 2010 to 2020, this study used a spatial Durbin model to explore the spatial effects of DTCB on air pollution. This study shows that DTCB significantly increases air pollution in local and surrounding cities. Heterogeneity analysis shows that DTCB increases local and surrounding city air pollution in non-innovative cities and cities with low digital economy development. However, in innovative cities and cities with high digital economy development, DTCB reduces PM2.5 emissions in local and surrounding cities. Mechanism analysis shows that DTCB has no significant impact on technological innovation, but significantly promotes economic development, thus increasing air pollution. From the perspective of DTCB, this paper deepens the research on digital finance and air pollution. Against the background of DTCB, the government should guide commercial banks to apply digital technology to increase lending for technology innovation and promote DTCB to achieve the dual goals of economic development and improvement in air quality.
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- 2023
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357. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Wheat to Low Light Intensity
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Xiu Li, Rui Yang, Liulong Li, Ke Liu, Matthew Tom Harrison, Shah Fahad, Mingmei Wei, Lijun Yin, Meixue Zhou, and Xiaoyan Wang
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Agronomy and Crop Science ,low light intensity ,photon ,wheat ,chlorophyll ,fluorescence ,proteomics ,genomics ,radiation ,use-efficiency - Abstract
Here we document physiological and molecular attributes of three wheat cultivars (ZM9023, YM158 and FM1228) under low light intensity with advanced technologies, including non-standard quantitative technology and quantitative proteomics technology. We found lower dry matter accumulation of YM158 compared with ZM 9023 and FM1228 under low light intensities due to up-regulation of photosynthetic parameters electron transport rate (ETR), Y(II), Fv/Fm, Chl (a + b) of YM158 and down-regulation of Chl a/b. ETR, Y(II) and Fv/Fm significantly decreased between ZM9023 and FM1228. The ETR between PSII and PSI of YM158 increased, while light use efficiency (LUE) of ZM9023 and FM1228 decreased. We found that YM158 had greater propensity to adapt to low light compared with ZM9023, as the former was able to increase photochemical electron transfer rate, enhance photosystem activity, and increase the light energy under low light. This meant that the YM158 flag leaf has stronger regulatory mechanism under low light environment. Through proteomic analysis, we found LHC protein (LHCB1, LHCB4, LHCA2, LHCA3) for YH158 was significantly up-regulated, while the PSII subunit protein of FM1228 and ZM9023 b559 subunit protein were down-regulated. We also documented enhanced light use efficiency (LUE) due to higher light capture pigment protein complex (LHC), photosystem II (PSII), PSI and cytochrome B6F-related proteins, with dry matter accumulation being positively correlated with Fv/Fm, ETR, and ΦPS(II), and negatively correlated with initial fluorescence F0. We suggest that Fv/Fm, ETR, and ΦPS(II) could be considered in shade tolerance screening to facilitate wheat breeding.
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- 2023
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358. Incorporation of Blockchain Technology for Different Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Prospects, and Challenges
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Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Arman Goudarzi, Shah Fahad, Intisar Ali Sajjad, and Pierluigi Siano
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Control and Optimization ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,smart grid ,blockchain ,cybersecurity ,home automation ,energy management ,electric vehicles ,cyberattacks ,denial-of-service (DoS) attack ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Building and Construction ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Smart grid integrates computer, communication, and sensing technologies into existing power grid networks to achieve significant informatization-related advantages. It will provide communication between neighbors, localized management, bidirectional power transfer, and effective demand response. Smart grids (SG) replace conventional grids by integrating various operational measures, including smart automation appliances, smart meters, and renewable energy sources. Regarding energy management and resolving energy issues, SG is one of the most cutting-edge and potentially game-changing innovations. Even still, its complexity suggests that decentralization may provide significant gains. Because of its increasing digitization and interconnectedness, it is also vulnerable to cyber threats. Blockchain, in this sense, is a potential SG paradigm solution that provides several great benefits. Even though blockchains have been widely discussed to decentralize and strengthen smart grid cybersecurity, they have not yet been researched in depth from an application and architectural standpoint. Blockchain-enabled SG applications are the subject of an in-depth research investigation. Electric vehicles (EVs), home automation, energy management systems, etc., are only a few of the many examples that have prompted the proposal of blockchain designs for their respective use cases. Information communication network security is of paramount importance. However, this evolving system raises cybersecurity issues. This paper aims to guide researchers in the right manner so they may build blockchain-based, secure, distributed SG applications in the future. This article also summarizes cybersecurity threats pertaining to smart grids. It starts with a description of a blockchain followed by the blockchain infrastructure, challenges, and solutions for different smart grid applications. A look back at the tried-and-true methods of securing a power grid is offered, and then it discusses the newer and more complex cybersecurity threats to the smart grid. In addition, models of common cyberattacks are presented, and the methods of defense against them are examined.
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- 2023
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359. Biochar as Soil Amendment for Mitigating Nutrients Stress in Crops
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Muhammad Adnan, Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Abdul Basir, Shah Fahad, Jamal Nasar, null Imran, Saif Alharbi, Adel M. Ghoneim, Guang-Hui Yu, Muhammad Hamzha Saleem, Shakeel Ahmad, Khadim Dawar, Iqbal Munir, Ayman El Sabagh, Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha, Taufiq Nawaz, Shah Saud, Shah Hassan, and Seema Zubair
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- 2023
360. Clarifying confusions over carbon conclusions
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Muleke, Albert, Harrison, Matthew T., Eisner, Rowan, Yanotti, María B., De Voil, Peter, Shah Fahad, Wang, Fei, Puyu Feng, Ferreira, Carla, Forster, Daniel, Xionghui Gao, Liu, Ke, Jianguo Man, Lixiao Nie, Jiangwen Nie, Zhiming Qi, Narasinha J. Shurpali, Weilu, Wang, Yang, Rui, Xiaogang Yin, Zhang, Feng, Yunbo Zhang, and Zhao, Jin
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- 2023
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361. Analysis of Down Falling Causes of Pakistan Economy
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Naushad Khan, Himayatullah Khan, Muhammad Zulfiqar, Inayatullah Jan, Malik Muhammad Shafi, Shah Zad, MUHAMMAD Adnan, Absar Ul Hassan, Fida Muhammad, Mahfooz Durani, Ahmad Noor, Shah Fahad, and Mahnoor Naushad
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2023
362. Biochar to Improve Crops Yield and Quality Under a Changing Climate
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Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Abdul Basir, Muhammad Adnan, Shah Fahad, Jawad Ali, Maria Mussart, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Manzoor Ahmad, Muhammad Hamzha Saleem, Wajid Naseem, Ayman El Sabagh, Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha, Muhammad Arif, null Amanullah, Shah Saud, Taufiq Nawaz, Said Badshah, Shah Hassan, and Iqbal Munir
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- 2023
363. Biochar from On-Farm Feedstocks for Sustainable Potassium Management in Soils
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Waqas Ali Akbar, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Arif, Hafeez Ur Rahim, Fazal Munsif, Muhammad Mudassir, Shah Fahad, Fazal Jalal, and Sajjad Zaheer
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- 2023
364. Exploring the potential of moringa leaf extract as bio stimulant for improving yield and quality of black cumin oil
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Abid Mehmood, Khalid Naveed, Qasim Ayub, Saud Alamri, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Chao Wu, Depeng Wang, Shah Saud, Jan Banout, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Wajid Nasim, Muhammad Mubeen, Farooq Shah, and Shah Fahad
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Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Science ,Medicine ,Plant sciences ,Article - Abstract
The history of plants to be utilized as medicines is thousands of years old. Black cumin is one of the most widely examined plant possessing naturally occurring compounds with antimicrobial potential. Foliar application of growth stimulators is a successful strategy to enhance yield and quality in many crops. A field study was planned to apply growth stimulator like moringa leaf extract on black cumin crop grown under field conditions using RCB design with three replications. All other agronomic inputs and practices were uniform. The treatments were moringa leaf extract concentrations (10%, 20%), growth stages (40 days after sowing, 80 DAS, 120 DAS, 40 + 80 DAS, 40 + 120 DAS, 80 + 120 DAS, 40 + 80 + 120 days after sowing) and two controls unsprayed check (i.e. no moringa leaf extract, no water) and sprayed check (no moringa leaf extract + water). Application of 20% moringa leaf extract at stage-7 (40 + 80 + 120 days after sowing) had significantly increased plant height, branches plant−1, essential oil content, fixed oil content, peroxidase value and iodine value of black cumin oil over unsprayed control. Application of moringa leaf extract showed maximum results and improves growth and yield of black cumin when applied at 40 + 80 + 120 days after sowing. As this study was only conducted using moringa leaf extract, it is advisable to conduct an experiment with various bio stimulants along with fertilizer combinations and growth regulators to check their synergistic effects for more reliable and acceptable recommendations in future.
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- 2021
365. Using space–time scan statistic for studying the effects of COVID-19 in Punjab, Pakistan: a guideline for policy measures in regional agriculture
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Saima Parveen, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Tahir, Ashfaq Ahmad, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Muhammad Mubeen, Behzad Murtaza, Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Sajjad Hussain, and Wajid Nasim
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Farmers’ perception ,Government ,Food security ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Supply chain ,Post COVID Green Supply Chain Opportunities and Challenges ,COVID-19 ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,language.human_language ,Agricultural economics ,Supply and demand ,STSS ,Food policy ,language ,Environmental Chemistry ,Production (economics) ,Livestock ,business - Abstract
Pakistan is included in top 50 countries which are estimated to face serious agriculture and food deficiency related challenges due to the worldwide pandemic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on food supply chain and agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan, by using space–time scan statistic (STSS). A survey was conducted at 720 points in different districts of the province. The STSS detected “active” and emerging clusters that are current at the end of our study area—particularly, 17 clusters were formed while adding the updated case data. Software ArcGIS 10.3 was used to find relative risk (RR) values; the maximum RR value was found to be 42.19 and maximum observed cases 53,265 during June 15–July 1, 2020. It was not always necessary that if the number of active cases in Punjab increased, there should be higher relative risk for more number of districts and vice versa. Due to the highest number of cases of COVID-19 and RR values during July, mostly farmers faced many difficulties during the cultivation of cotton and rice. Mostly farmers (72%) observed increase in prices of inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) during lockdown. If the supply chain of agriculture related inputs is disturbed, farmers may find it quite difficult to access markets, which could result in a decline in production and sales of crops and livestock in study area. It is suggested that to protect the food security and to decrease the effect of the lockdown, Punjab government needs to review food policy and analyse how market forces will respond to the imbalanced storage facilities and capacity, supply and demand and price control of products. The findings of this study can also help policy-makers to formulate an effective food security and agriculture adaptation strategy.
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- 2021
366. Methane Refinement by Iron Oxide, Packed Column Water Scrubbing, and Activated Charcoal Scrubbing Techniques
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Ram Sarup Singh, Waqas Ahmad, Shah Fahad Bin Masud, Faaz Ahmed Butt, Asif Hussain Khoja, Muhammad Hassan, and Mustafa Anwar
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Packed bed ,Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Scrubber ,Continuous stirred-tank reactor ,Pulp and paper industry ,Methane ,Volumetric flow rate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biogas ,chemistry ,Activated charcoal ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Data scrubbing - Abstract
In the current study, the biogas production was carried out by using a semi-continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR). Consequently, the producer biogas was scrubbed/enriched by the combination of three steps of scrubbing (H2S scrubber, packed column water scrubber (PCWS), and activated charcoal scrubber (CS)). In PCWS, the static water scrubbing (SWS) and flowing water scrubbing (FWS) techniques were employed. In SWS, the biogas was scrubbed at a defined water level for a defined time while in FWS, the biogas was scrubbed at different water/gas (w/g) flow rates. In case of SWS, removal of was up to 95% H2S removal, removal of was up to 89% CO2 removal and 97% methane refinement was achieved. While for FWS, 97% removal of H2S, 90% removal of CO2 and 97% methane refinement was achieved. Both processes proved remarkable impacts on methane refinement but FWS was found more practical because CO2 was found more soluble in flowing water as compared with static water scrubbing.
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- 2021
367. Kaolin and Jasmonic acid improved cotton productivity under water stress conditions
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Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Fiaz Ahmad, Shazia Anjum, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Nazim, Omaima Nasif, Muqarrab Ali, Subhan Danish, Fahim Nawaz, Rahul Datta, M. Amin, and Khurram Shahzad
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Irrigation ,Jasmonic acid ,Yield ,Vegetative reproduction ,QH301-705.5 ,Field experiment ,Kharif crop ,Water stress ,Randomized block design ,Cotton ,Biology ,Crop ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Original Article ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Kaolin ,Water content ,Gas exchange characteristics - Abstract
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split – split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB − 878 and SLH − 19 while sub – sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB − 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha−1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha−1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH − 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha−1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha−1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
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- 2021
368. A hybrid sequential approach for solving environmentally constrained optimal scheduling in co-generation systems
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Shah Fahad, Chunwei Zhang, Arman Goudarzi, and Ali Jafer Mahdi
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TLBO–IPSO ,Mathematical optimization ,Computer science ,Environmentally constrained energy systems ,020209 energy ,Electric potential energy ,Combined heat and power economic dispatch ,Particle swarm optimization ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmentally friendly ,TK1-9971 ,Power (physics) ,Constraint (information theory) ,Reduction (complexity) ,General Energy ,020401 chemical engineering ,Non-convex optimization ,Price penalty factors ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Minification ,0204 chemical engineering ,Sequential algorithm - Abstract
The ever-growing trend of electricity demand and environmental concerns have mandated the operation of electrical energy grids in a more economical and environmentally friendly manner. In the past few years, the integration of combined heat and power units has offered a promising solution to these concerns, however, at the same time a new challenging problem has revealed itself that is finding a simultaneous optimal solution between two competing criteria of power and heat. Furthermore, this problem will be more complex when the reduction of emission gasses is taken into consideration. Thus, to solve optimal scheduling of combined heat and power units, this study proposes an intelligent sequential algorithm based on the hybridization of teaching and learning-based optimization algorithm and an improved version of particle swarm optimization. The proposed algorithm is uniquely capable of the concurrent minimization of total generation costs and multi-pollutant gasses while several physical, operational, and environmental constraints are considered. Also, to ensure the safe maintenance of systems’ constraints, this study employs an adaptive violation constraint handling technique in conjunction with the proposed hybridized optimization algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the recently developed methods, in which the proposed algorithm of the study outperforms all the other algorithms and achieves up to 2.2% lower overall costs of operation in most of the studied cases.
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- 2021
369. Zinc nutrition and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and productivity
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R.Z. Sayyed, Shah Fahad, Niaz Ahmed, Subhan Danish, Abdul Saboor, Shabir Hussain, Hesham El Enshasy, Rahul Datta, Abdul Gafur, Sajjad Hussain, and Muhammad Arif Ali
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Mycorrhizal colonization ,Host (biology) ,QH301-705.5 ,fungi ,Stunted growth ,chemistry.chemical_element ,food and beverages ,Zinc ,Biology ,Micronutrient ,Arid ,Crop ,Extraradical hyphae ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Symbiosis ,chemistry ,Nutrient toxicity ,Nutrient deficiency ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Calcareous - Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required to enhance crop growth and yield. In the arid - semiarid region, Zn deficiency is expected due to alkaline calcareous soil. Contrarily, Zn toxicity is also becoming an environmental concern due to increasing anthropogenic activities (metal smelting, copper industry, etc.). Therefore, balanced Zn application is necessary to save resources and achieve optimum crop growth and yield. Most scientists suggest biological approaches to overcome the problem of Zn toxicity and deficiency. These biological approaches are mostly environment-friendly and cost-effective. In these biological approaches, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) symbiosis is becoming popular. It can provide tolerance to the host plant against Zn-induced stress. Inoculation of AMF helps in balance uptake of Zn and enhances the growth and yield of crops. On the other hand, maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop due to its multifarious uses. As maize is an effective host for mycorrhizae symbiosis, that's why this review was written to elaborate on the beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The review aimed to glance at the recent advances in the use of AMF to enhance nutrient uptake, especially Zn. It was also aimed to discuss the mechanism of AMF to overcome the toxic effect of Zn. We have also discussed the detailed mechanism and physiological improvement in the maize plant. In conclusion, AMF can play an imperative role in improving maize growth, yield, and balance uptake of Zn by alleviating Zn stress and mitigating its toxicity.
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- 2021
370. IoT-based smart infant baby cradle using IR IP-camera
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Ibrar Ahmad, Hussain, Syed Jabir, Safeer Ullah, Waqas Ali Shah, Ali, Hamid, Waqar, Umar, and Shah Fahad
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IR IP-Camera ,Mosquito-Net ,Ultrasonic Sensor ,PIR-Sensor ,Automatic Fan ,Power Bank ,Arduino AT MEGA 2560 ,HC-05 Blue-tooth Module ,GSM SIM900A-D57 Module ,Record history ,General Medicine - Abstract
With the evolution of the internet of things and headway technologies like android phones and sensors every single thing got coupled and get controlled through the internet distantly, but at the same time the number of family member workers is also incremented. infant baby needs parental aid 24/7 to monitor different actions and check different parameters distantly but it is impractical, especially for those Parents/Caretakers who work outside of the home. So, there is a need for a system through which Parents/Caretaker can aid their infant baby and see infant babies’ activities distantly in real time about different parameters and conditions of the infant baby. The proposed system is a smart infant Baby Cradle using IoT Technology that sends an alert notification to the Parent/Caretaker. In the proposed system IR IP-Camera is used to seize an infant baby in the real environment even at night. The proposed system is able to sense an infant baby’s scream using a Microphone Module for 10 seconds, the temperature of the infant’s environment, sense urine in meters ultrasonic sensor, automate the opening and closing of mosquitoes’ net to sense mosquitoes and other harmful parasites using PIR sensor, infant baby Mass using weighting Scale, automatic fan, toys and music to entertain infant baby. The power bank is used to aid infant baby’s in case of lack of electricity. Finally, all these sensors and components are physically connected through Arduino AT Mega 2560. When sensors sense then it updates data onto the database server and notifies her/his Parent/Caretaker using HC-05 Blue-tooth and GSM SIM900A-D57 Module. The proposed system is able to keep all recorded history for one month.
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- 2022
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371. Review of: 'Technological quality of wheat grains and flour as affected by nitrogen fertilization and weather conditions'
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Shah Fahad
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- 2022
372. Identifying Intention-Based Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Consumption Paradigm
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ShiYong Zheng, Hua Liu, Weili Guan, Yuping Yang, JiaYing Li, Shah Fahad, and Biqing Li
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,environmental knowledge ,sustainable consumption ,performance expectancy ,information overloaded ,behavioral intention ,willingness to pay for electric vehicles ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Abstract
In an effort to reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, the Chinese government strongly promotes the usage of electric vehicles. However, studies focusing on assessing consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for electric vehicles (EVs) are limited in the country. This research aims to address this research gap by examining influencing factors of consumers’ WTP for EVs in the Chinese perspective. Combined with the existing consumers’ intention factors, the current study further contributed by augmenting the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior by including three new dimensions (performance expectancy, information loaded, and perceived risk) to comprehensively analyze the willingness of Chinese consumers. Analysis is performed on survey data from 498 consumers using EVs in Beijing, China. To evaluate formulated hypotheses, structural equation modeling approach is employed. Empirical findings reveal that environmental knowledge and performance expectancy positively and significantly influence behavioral intention. In contrast, overloaded information has a negative impact on behavioral intention. Moreover, subjective norms are significantly and positively related to behavioral intention. The research outcomes further disclose that perceived risk is positively and significantly related to behavioral intention. Finally, behavioral intention has a significant and positive association with WTP for EVs. The study contributes to the literature on sustainable consumption behavior and provides academics and practitioners with essential future directions.
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- 2022
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373. Assessing the role of financial development and financial inclusion to enhance environmental sustainability: Do financial inclusion and eco-innovation promote sustainable development?
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Yaping Wang, Shah Fahad, Liqian Wei, Bowen Luo, and Jianchao Luo
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General Environmental Science - Abstract
In the context of increasing uncertainty in the international economic environment and changes in the labor market, it is imperative to pay proper attention to the environmental quality and sustainability. This paper theoretically analyzes the impact of financial development and financial inclusion on the environmental sustainability. Based on the survey data of 2093 households in Xunyi and Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China, the 2SLS model, and the instrumental variable quantile regression model are constructed to test the association of variables. The results show that the development of financial inclusion and financial development have an inverted “U” shaped nonlinear effect on the environmental quality and efficiency; Only after the development of financial inclusion reaches a certain degree can the environmental quality and sustainability be effectively improved. The results of the quantile regression of instrumental variables show that financial inclusion significantly improves the environmental quality with medium and high degrees but does not have a significant effect on the environmental quality and sustainability with low degrees. After considering the endogeneity and robustness test, the above conclusion still holds. Further research shows that inclusive financial development improves environmental quality and results in sustainable development. Improving the convenience and depth of use of financial services is the key to effectively reducing rural household economic vulnerability and improve the environmental quality. The heterogeneity analysis shows that financial inclusion development has a stronger effect on improving the environmental quality. This study provides empirical evidence and policy implications to better promote financial inclusion to improve the economic vulnerability of rural households, improve environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development. These findings provide policy support to better promote financial inclusion to improve the economic vulnerability of rural households, improve environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development, which can ameliorate environmental degradation, and create a safe, healthy and sustainable environment for achieving sustainable development goals.
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- 2022
374. Nickel toxicity alters growth patterns and induces oxidative stress response in sweetpotato
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Sunjeet, Kumar, Mengzhao, Wang, Yi, Liu, Shah, Fahad, Abdul, Qayyum, Sultan Akbar, Jadoon, Yanli, Chen, and Guopeng, Zhu
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Plant Science - Abstract
Nickel (Ni) contaminated soil is a persistent risk to plant growth and production worldwide. Therefore, to explore the Ni toxicity levels in sweetpotato production areas, we investigated the influence of different Ni treatments (0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg L-1) for 15 days on phenotype, Ni uptake, relative water content, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, osmolytes, antioxidants, and enzymes of sweetpotato plants. The results presented that Ni at higher levels (30 and 60 mg L-1) substantially reduced growth, biomass, and root morphological traits. The Pearson correlation analysis suggested that Ni toxicity causes oxidative injuries as persistent augmentation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and reduced RWC, gas exchange, and photosynthetic pigment. Furthermore, this study revealed that sweetpotato could tolerate moderate Ni treatment (up to 15 mg L-1) by reducing oxidative stress. The results also indicated that the increase in the activities of mentioned osmolytes, antioxidants, and enzymes is not sufficient to overcome the higher Ni toxicity. Based on these results, we suggest using low Ni-contaminated soil for better growth of sweetpotato and also could be used as a phytoremediator in moderate Ni-contaminated soil.
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- 2022
375. Chromium Induces Toxicity at Different Phenotypic, Physiological, Biochemical, and Ultrastructural Levels in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Plants
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Sunjeet Kumar, Mengzhao Wang, Shah Fahad, Abdul Qayyum, Yanli Chen, and Guopeng Zhu
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Inorganic Chemistry ,sweet potato ,chromium ,photosynthetic pigments ,stomatal traits ,oxidative damage ,antioxidant defense system ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Crop productivity is enormously exposed to different environmental stresses, among which chromium (Cr) stress raises considerable concerns and causes a serious threat to plant growth. This study explored the toxic effect of Cr on sweet potato plants. Plants were hydroponically grown, and treatments of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µM Cr were applied for seven days. This study exhibited that a low level of Cr treatment (25 µM) enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthesis, osmolytes, antioxidants, and enzyme activities. However, significant deleterious effects in growth, biomass, photosynthetic attributes, antioxidants, and enzymes were observed at higher levels of Cr treatment. The remarkable reduction in plant growth traits was associated with the over-accumulation of H2O2 and MDA contents (410% and 577%, respectively) under the highest rate of Cr (200 µM). Under 200 µM Cr, the uptake in the roots were 27.4 mg kg−1 DW, while in shoots were 11 mg kg−1 DW with the highest translocation rate from root to shoot was 0.40. The results showed that the higher accumulation of Cr negatively correlated with the phenotypic and physiological parameters. It may be proposed that Cr toxicity causes oxidative damage as sustained by augmented lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and reduced photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, and stomatal traits. The chloroplastic ultrastructure was damaged, and more apparent damage and size reduction were observed at higher Cr levels. Furthermore, aggregated Cr concentration positively correlates with the increase of osmolytes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves of sweet potato. Moreover, improved osmolytes and SOD do not help protect sweet potato against high Cr stress. Overall, these findings will improve the understanding of the defense mechanisms of sweet potato to Cr stress.
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- 2022
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376. Metabolic-based insecticide resistance mechanism and ecofriendly approaches for controlling of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua: a review
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Li Xiaowei, Zhijun Zhang, Muhammad Hafeez, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Musa Khan, Muhammad Imran, Mohammed A. Assiri, Muzammal Rehman, Nicolas Desneux, Farman Ullah, Yaobin Lu, G. Mandela Fernández-Grandon, and Sakhawat Shah
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Integrated pest management ,QL ,S1 ,biology ,Resistance (ecology) ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,QK ,fungi ,Biological pest control ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Hazard ,Biotechnology ,Cultural control ,Beet armyworm ,Exigua ,Environmental Chemistry ,PEST analysis ,business - Abstract
The beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua, is a widely distributed polyphagous pest of economically important crops worldwide.\ud The management of this pest insect continues to face many challenges. Despite synthetic chemicals posing a serious\ud threat to the environment, these remain the conventional approach for controlling S. exigua in the field. An over-reliance on\ud chemical control has not only led to selection for resistance to insecticides and to a reduction of natural enemies, but has also\ud polluted various components of ecosystem. Given these increasing pressures on the ecosystem, there is a need to implement\ud integrated pest management (IPM) approaches exploiting a wider range of tools (biotechnological approaches, microbial\ud control, biological control, cultural control, and use of host plant resistance) for an alternative to chemical control. The IPM\ud approach can not only reduce the hazard of chemical residues in the environment and associated health problems, but may\ud also provide best strategies to control insect pests. This review synthesizes published information on insecticide resistance\ud of S. exigua and explores alternative IPM approaches to control S. exigua.
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- 2021
377. Impact of renewable energy consumption, financial development and natural resources on environmental degradation in OECD countries with dynamic panel data
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Shah Fahad, Oluwasegun B. Adekoya, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Abdul Rehman, Vishal Dagar, and Rafael Alvarado
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Natural resource economics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Industrial production ,General Medicine ,Renewable energy consumption ,Oecd countries ,Carbon Dioxide ,Financial development ,Pollution ,Natural resource ,Natural Resources ,Environmental Chemistry ,Economic Development ,Renewable Energy ,Business ,Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ,Environmental degradation ,Environmental quality ,Panel data - Abstract
This research used panel data from 1995 to 2019 to examine the impact of financial development, natural resource, industrial production, renewable energy consumption, and total reserve on environmental degradation in (38) OECD countries by using dynamic panel data models, i.e., one-step difference GMM, one-step system GMM, and two-step system GMM model, respectively. The examined findings of one-step difference GMM, one-step system GMM, and two-step system GMM demonstrate that renewable energy consumption and natural resource help to reduce the environmental degradation while financial development, industrial production, and total reserve cause environmental degradation in OECD countries. Based on the examined results, significant policy implications are suggested to improve the environmental quality in OECD countries.
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- 2021
378. Synthesis of succinylated carboxymethyl starches and their role as adsorbents for the removal of phenol
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Lison Teng, Muhammad Haroon, Shah Fahad, Di Shen, Li Wang, Bilal-Ul-Amin, Alim Uddin, Sahid Mehmood, Fazal Haq, and Haojie Yu
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Thermogravimetric analysis ,Polymers and Plastics ,Succinic anhydride ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallinity ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,health services administration ,Pyridine ,Materials Chemistry ,Proton NMR ,Phenol ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,health care economics and organizations ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Phenol is the toxicant present in cigarette smoke that causes pulmonary diseases, eyes infection, and even various kinds of cancer. So, in this research, an attempt was done to prepare a suitable absorbent to remove phenol from cigarette smoke. A novel bio-based adsorbent succinylated carboxymethyl starch (S-CMS) was prepared by reacting carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with succinic anhydride (SA) in the presenting of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent and pyridine. The structure of the S-CMS was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques including proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared. The S-CMS crystallinity and thermal properties were checked by x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a decrease in thermal properties and crystallinity for S-CMS. The S-CMS were tested as adsorbents for the removal of phenol. The adsorption efficiencies of CMS, S-CMS1, S-CMS2, and S-CMS3 towards phenol were shown to be 0.297 g/g, 0.321 g/g, 0.322 g/g, and 0.324 g/g, respectively.
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- 2021
379. Integrated Use of Biofertlizers with Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus Sources Improve Dry Matter Partitioning and Yield of Hybrid Maize
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Izhar Ali, Shah Khalid, Nadia, Muhammad Adnan, Saif Ullah, Manzoor Ahmad, Abdel Rahman Al-Tawaha, Amanullah, Kamran Khan, Imran, Khezer Hayat, Faiq Ahmad, Mohammad Yar, Asim Muhammad, Shah Fahad, and Hafiz Muhammad Akram
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Compost ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Productivity (ecology) ,Yield (wine) ,Biochar ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Dry matter ,Organic matter ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Phosphorus (P) unavailability and lack of organic matter in calcareous soils under semiarid climates are major reasons for low maize productivity grown in these conditions. The hypothesis was teste...
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- 2021
380. Bio-diesel production of sunflower through sulphur management in a semi-arid subtropical environment
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Sajid Fiaz, Masood Iqbal Awan, Farhana Gul, Shah Fahad, Zafar Hayat, Ahmed Mukhtar, Athar Mahmood, Faran Muhammad, Habib Ali, Sana Sadaf, Sher Aslam Khan, and Xiukang Wang
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Biodiesel ,Achene ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Biomass ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Sunflower ,Energy crop ,Iodine value ,Agronomy ,Bioenergy ,Biofuels ,Seeds ,Helianthus ,Plant Oils ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Energy source ,Sulfur - Abstract
Energy security is a prime focus of policy makers to support agriculture, industrialisation, and transportation. Due to limited conventional energy sources, there is a need to harness non-conventional energy sources. In this regard, one of the proposed approaches is using biomass (e.g. energy crops) to produce biofuel—a renewable source of energy. Sunflower has several agronomic features to be exploited for a renewable, non-conventional, and environment-friendly source of bioenergy. Sulphur (S) fertilisation holds key for realising sunflower potential for seed and oil yield. In response to variable S supply rates, here we compared and quantified sunflower yield (seed, oil, and biodiesel) and biodiesel quality according to the ASTM international standards. We used a combined approach of field experimentation and rigorous lab analysis. Firstly, in a field experiment laid out in randomised complete block design with split-plot arrangement, response of two local sunflower hybrids (FH-331 and FH-689) to four S supply rates (0, 25, 50, 75 kg S ha−1) was evaluated in terms of agronomic traits. Experimental data showed that fertilisation of S significantly influenced growth and yield (seed, oil) traits; the response was different between two hybrids which also interacted with S supply rate. FH-331 recorded the highest achene yield at S fertilisation of 75 kg S ha−1, whereas FH-689 recorded the highest achene yield at 50 kg ha−1; achene yield of FH-331 was 13.6% higher than FH-689. Compared to control, S at 75 kg S ha−1 increased oil yield of FH-331 by 22% whereas S at 50 kg ha−1 increased oil yield by 23% of FH-689. Seed samples were analysed for different biodiesel quality parameters. The ranges of all quality parameters of sunflower biodiesel such as viscosity, calorific values, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, cetane number, and pour point were in ASTM standard range. We conclude that sunflower is a promising and sustainable option for producing biodiesel, the potential of which can be increased by optimal S management under field conditions.
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- 2021
381. An evaluation of subsidy policy impacts, transient and persistent technical efficiency: A case of Mongolia
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Narangerel Ganbold, Shah Fahad, Tumendemberel Gungaa, and Hua Li
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Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Soft loan ,Developing country ,Subsidy ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Production–possibility frontier ,Agricultural economics ,Stochastic frontier analysis ,Agriculture ,Production (economics) ,Business ,Productivity - Abstract
Agricultural sector is the backbone of economy in an developing country. Farm households living in rural areas are particularly small-scale farmers and mainly rely on agriculture. Agriculture sector is the highly supported sector by governmental agencies in Mongolia. Although the subsidy–efficiency relationship has been extensively studied in other country contexts, limited studies have discussed that how farm efficiency and productivity are influenced by subsidies; in all studies subsidies are treated as exogenous. In order to fulfill the research gap, this paper specifically analyzes the subsidy payment effects on technical efficiency (TE) of wheat farmers in Mongolia. An unbalanced farm-level data of central arable region farmers from 2013 to 2018 were utilized in this study. We use a four-component stochastic frontier analysis approach that specifically separates the persistent and transient components, by controlling the heterogeneity. The findings of production frontier results indicate that wheat sown area, seed and labor were the main driving inputs for production growth. The investment in machinery has no impact on the output with insignificant technical changes. The overall estimated mean TE was 60% and mean persistent and transient TE were 0.778 and 0.765 respectively, that implies the possible growth in production without increasing the inputs under current technology. Our results further reveal that cash incentives and soft loans for the purchase of inputs have positive affect on overall TE and its transient components. The farm households technical skills toward efficient use of inputs and farming practices need to be improved. The government should take necessary measures related to technology innovations and disaster risk management and further promote the current subsidy policy, efficiency and technical up-gradation in wheat farming.
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- 2021
382. Linking Plants Functioning to Adaptive Responses Under Heat Stress Conditions: A Mechanistic Review
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Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Mahmood Ul Hassan, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman, Tassaduq Rasool, Chandni Iqbal, Mehmood Ali Noor, Shah Fahad, Adnan Arshad, and Alam Sher
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Abiotic component ,Resistance (ecology) ,Abiotic stress ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Extreme weather ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Cultivar ,Adaptation ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Intensity (heat transfer) - Abstract
The general circulation models estimated an average increase in global surface temperature about 4 °C (2.9 to 5.5 °C). Escalating temperature and extreme weather events are causing higher variations in substantial grain yield losses in cereal crops leading to food insecurity. Temperature flux, more notably high temperature,, affects plants' physio-biochemical processes, resulting in serious yield reduction and quality due to poor agronomic management in plants. Despite the impact of global insecurity on world food production, limited success has been achieved to heat stress adaptation. Extensive research has been made to assess the consequences of abiotic stresses in early growth stages and endurance under subsequent intensity. However, the consequences of abiotic, especially heat/high-temperature stress on reproductive growth, development, and phenology of cereals, received comparatively less consideration, though it has a significant effect on grain yields. Hence, it is imperative to recognize and focus on the most exposed traits of growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions. Among the abiotic stresses, heat stress adversely affects the chlorophyll and grain filling mechanisms in plants. Thus, the preservation of grain weight throughout the heat stress period is also a signal of heat tolerance at the grain filling stage. High potential grain weight under heat stress may also be a better decisive factor for the selection of cultivars for heat tolerance and resistance to changing future climatic conditions. This review summarizes the alterations in the development systems of plants in response to heat stress with a focus on integrated morpho-anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptations. It also provides information about advanced heat tolerance mechanisms in various plant species applying different tactics together with genetic techniques for plant growth and development.
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- 2021
383. Integrated Foliar Nutrients Application Improve Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Productivity under Calcareous Soils in Drylands
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Shah Khalid, Izhar Ali, Saif Ullah, Brajendra Parmar, Shah Fahad, Manzoor Ahmad, Amanullah, Abdel Rahman Al-Tawaha, Muhammad Ilyas, Asim Muhammad, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Muhammad Adnan, and Haider Nabi
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Soil Science ,World population ,Micronutrient ,complex mixtures ,Water scarcity ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Desertification ,Soil retrogression and degradation ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Productivity ,media_common - Abstract
The increase in world population especially in developing countries, where soil fertility and health are decreasing continuously, leading to soil degradation and desertification. Water scarcity in ...
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- 2021
384. Evaluation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as an industrial crop: a review
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Feihu Liu, Kailei Tang, Guanghui Du, Gang Deng, Xia Cheng, Lijun Liu, Shah Fahad, Yang Yang, and Muzammal Rehman
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education.field_of_study ,Agroforestry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Biomass ,General Medicine ,Livelihood ,Pollution ,Natural resource ,Adaptability ,Biofuel ,Bast fibre ,Environmental Chemistry ,Production (economics) ,Business ,education ,media_common - Abstract
Rising human population has increased the utilization of available resources for food, clothes, medicine, and living space, thus menacing natural environment and mounting the gap between available resources, and the skills to meet human desires is necessary. Humans are satisfying their desires by depleting available natural resources. Therefore, multifunctional plants can contribute towards the livelihoods of people, to execute their life requirements without degrading natural resources. Thus, research on multipurpose industrial crops should be of high interest among scientists. Hemp, or industrial hemp, is gaining research interest because of its fastest growth and utilization in commercial products including textile, paper, medicine, food, animal feed, paint, biofuel, biodegradable plastic, and construction material. High biomass production and ability to grow under versatile conditions make hemp, a good candidate species for remediation of polluted soils also. Present review highlights the morphology, adaptability, nutritional constituents, textile use, and medicinal significance of industrial hemp. Moreover, its usage in environmental conservation, building material, and biofuel production has also been discussed.
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- 2021
385. Heavy metals immobilization and improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) growth amended with biochar and compost
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Shah Saud, Muhammad Mudassir, Shah Fahad, Sagher Ahmed, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Rahul Datta, Khadim Dawar, Dost Muhammad, Beenish Ali, Shah Alam Khan, Muhammad Jamal Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Taufiq Nawaz, Subhan Danish, Sidra Mubeen, Jan Banout, Zafar Hayat, Sartaj Alam, Raf Dewil, and Waqas Ali
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Pollution remediation ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,Science ,WASTE ,Amendment ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Article ,Biochar ,ACCUMULATION ,SPINACH ,Soil health ,Cadmium ,Science & Technology ,MANURE ,REMEDIATION ,Multidisciplinary ,Abiotic ,Compost ,AVAILABILITY ,Soil organic matter ,Phosphorus ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,SOIL ,CONTAMINATION ,Environmental sciences ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,MOBILITY ,Plant stress responses ,Shoot ,engineering ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Medicine ,Plant sciences - Abstract
Soil with heavy metals contamination, mainly lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) is a progressively worldwide alarming environmental problem. Recently, biochar has been used as a soil amendment to remediate contaminated soils, but little work has been done to compare with other organic amendments like compost. We investigated biochar and compost's comparative effect on Pb, Cd, and Cr immobilization in soil, photosynthesis, and growth of maize plants. Ten kg soil was placed in pots and were spiked with Pb, Cd, and Cr at concentrations 20, 10, 20 mg kg-1. The biochar and compost treatments included 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% were separately applied to the soil. The crop from pots was harvested after 60 days. The results show that the highest reduction of AB-DTPA extractable Pb, Cd, and Cr in soil was 79%, 61% and 78% with 4% biochar, followed by 61%, 43% and 60% with 4% compost compared to the control, respectively. Similarly, the highest reduction in shoot Pb, Cd, and Cr concentration was 71%, 63% and 78%with 4% biochar, followed by 50%, 50% and 71% with 4% compost than the control, respectively. The maximum increase in shoot and dry root weight, total chlorophyll contents, and gas exchange characteristics were recorded with 4% biochar, followed by 4% compost than the control. The maximum increase in soil organic matter and total nitrogen (N) was recorded at 4% biochar application while available phosphorus and potassium in the soil at 4% compost application. It is concluded that both biochar and compost decreased heavy metals availability in the soil, reducing toxicity in the plant. However, biochar was most effective in reducing heavy metals content in soil and plant compared to compost. In the future, more low-cost, eco-friendly soil remediation methods should be developed for better soil health and plant productivity. ispartof: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS vol:11 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published
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- 2021
386. Biochar coupling with phosphorus fertilization modifies antioxidant activity, osmolyte accumulation and reactive oxygen species synthesis in the leaves and xylem sap of rice cultivars under high-temperature stress
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Hesham F. Alharby, Shah Fahad, and Atif A. Bamagoos
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Antioxidant ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Xylem ,Plant Science ,APX ,Horticulture ,Human fertilization ,Biochar ,medicine ,Cultivar ,Proline ,Molecular Biology ,Research Article - Abstract
Increasing temperature poses a serious threat to rice productivity. This study investigated the impact of various biochar treatments and phosphorous (P) fertilization on osmolyte accumulation, ROS development, and antioxidant activity in two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan) under high-temperature stress. All plants of both cultivars were grown in a controlled environment under ambient temperatures (AT), high day temperatures (HDT) or high night temperatures (HNT). The different fertilization treatments were biochar alone, P alone and biochar + P with control. In the leaves and xylem sap of both rice cultivars, particularly in the susceptible cv. IR-64, high-temperature stress increased the production of MDA and H(2)O(2). HDT and HNT decreased total soluble sugars, protein, and proline levels in both rice cultivars. HNT was observed as more harmful compared to HDT during most of the studied characteristics. The response of antioxidant enzyme activities, viz, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, ASC, GSH, GR, and GSSC activities, to the temperature treatments varied between the two cultivars. Antioxidant activities decreased in the leaves and xylem sap of IR-64 but increased in those of Huanghuazhan upon exposure to high-temperature stress. Huanghuazhan exhibited better heat tolerance compared to IR-64, which was linked to its increased antioxidant enzyme activation and metabolite synthesis. As compared to the control, all soil fertilization treatments considerably reduced the adverse impacts of high temperature on the rice cultivars. The combination of biochar and P resulted in better performance compared to the other treatments in terms of all studied attributes.
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- 2021
387. Gibberellic acid and urease inhibitor optimize nitrogen uptake and yield of maize at varying nitrogen levels under changing climate
- Author
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Haroon Ilahi, Aman Ullah, Muhammad Adnan, Taufiq Nawaz, Khadim Dawar, Ikram Ullah, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Sharif, Shah Fahad, Mukhtar Alam, and Muhammad Tariq
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Urease ,Nitrogen ,Climate Change ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zea mays ,Soil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Urea ,Environmental Chemistry ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Fertilizers ,Gibberellic acid ,Stover ,biology ,General Medicine ,Ammonia volatilization from urea ,Pollution ,Gibberellins ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,biology.protein - Abstract
Worldwide, nitrogen (N) deficiency is the main yield limiting factor owing to its losses via leaching and volatilization. Urease inhibitors slow down urea hydrolysis in soil by inhibiting urease enzyme activities whereas gibberellic acid is growth regulator. That is why, we evaluated the role of urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl)thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT)] and gibberellic acid (GA3) in improving nitrogen uptake and yield of maize under different N levels (120 and 150 kg ha−1) along with control. Both N levels alone and in combination with GA3 and NBPT significantly increased yield and yield components of maize over control. In addition, 150 kg N ha−1 + NBPT + GA3 produced highest biological, grain, and stover yields, 1000 grain weight, plant height, and N uptake exhibiting 33.15%, 56.46%, 27.56%, 19.56%, 23.24%, and 78% increase over 150 kg N ha−1, respectively. The sole use of gibberellic acid or NBPT with each level of N also improved the yield and yield components of maize compared to sole N application and control. Furthermore, application of 120 kg N ha−1 along with NBPT and GA3 performed at par to 150 kg N ha−1 + NBPT + GA3 but it was superior than sole applied 150 kg N ha−1 for all the studied traits. These results imply that application of GA3 and/or NBPT can reduce dependence on urea and improve the yield and N uptake in maize by slowing urea hydrolysis in calcareous soils and shall be practiced.
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- 2021
388. Polypyrrole nanotube/ferrocene-modified graphene oxide composites: From fabrication to EMI shielding application
- Author
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Tengfei Lin, Shah Fahad, Sergey Z. Vatsadze, Alim Uddin, Zhikun Huang, Bilal Ul Amin, Xiaowei Liu, Li Wang, Yun Wang, Haojie Yu, and Shuning Ren
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Nanotube ,Materials science ,Graphene ,Mechanical Engineering ,Composite number ,Oxide ,Polypyrrole ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Electromagnetic shielding ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Polypyrrole nanotube/ferrocene-modified graphene oxide composites (PNT/GO-Fc, PNT/GO-Fc-GO, PNT/GO-EDA-Fc and PNT/GO-EDA-Fc-EDA-GO) were fabricated via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The prepared composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman, TGA, SEM, TEM and EDS. The electromagnetic interference shielding performance of the prepared composites was evaluated by a coaxial method within the frequency range of 1.0–4.5 GHz. The results demonstrated that the composite of PNT/GO-EDA-Fc-EDA-GO-7:1 exhibited the best electromagnetic interference shielding property with 28.73 dB (at the frequency of 1.0175 GHz with the thickness of 3.0 mm) of total shielding effectiveness by adding 50 wt% of the composite in the paraffin matrix. And the composite of PNT/GO-EDA-Fc-EDA-GO-7:1 exhibited good conductivity with a value of 1.320 S/cm. The relationship between the conductivities of prepared samples and the EMI shielding performance was investigated.
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- 2021
389. Effect of annealing dynamics on the ion-engineered CdTe/ZnTe solar cells
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Masroor Ali, S. M. Alam, B. A. Khan, Ahmed Shuja, Shah Fahad, and Gul Hassan
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Band gap ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Fermi level ,Activation energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Cadmium telluride photovoltaics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Ion ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ternary compound ,symbols ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Abstract
Cd1−xZnxTe (CZT)-based matrices have highest absorption capabilities and tunable band gap, so it can be utilized as the central most significant photon absorption layer. In this research, we have briefly investigated the effect of annealing dynamics over the phosphorus ion (P+) implanted Cd1−xZnxTe on different stoichiometric ratios. The P+ ions are introduced at 800 keV in order to tailor/tune the electro-optical characteristics of said ternary compound matrix for its utilization as an active medium in photovoltaic and related application. In this specific study, the annealing dynamics of P+ implanted Cd1−xZnxTe scheme have been studied, and three temperature ranges were chosen ~ 300, 350, and 400 °C for such purpose. The impact of annealing behavior has been envisaged by electrical and electro-optical characterization techniques, i.e., current–voltage (I–V), activation energy, charge-based deep-level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) and transient of photo-voltage (TPV). From Q-DLTS study, one has obtained different defect levels that may limit the overall performance of the as-implant CZT matrix. By adopting RTA process, the damage content in form of trap levels has shifted themselves near premises to their respective band edges i.e., for as-implant cases, the trap level placed near the Fermi level and when the RTA process subjected the trap levels localized themselves to the close proximity to either of its band edge (valance/conduction level), e.g., the trap level of CdTe shift from 0.123 to 0.005 eV, i.e., near the valance band edge which may enhance the trap characteristics. Also, the activation energy and transient of photo-voltage analysis direct the physical importance of RTA process because this process may provide significant increase of carrier’s generation by reduction in activation energy and elevation of photo-voltage by utilizing the appropriate annealing sequence to subject CZT crystal. The TPV analysis of Cd0.75Zn0.25Te sample shows higher extent of physical voltages ~ 63 mV at 400 °C annealing sequences, whereas for as-implant case provides just ~ 10 mV.
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- 2021
390. Optimizing nutrient use efficiency, productivity, energetics, and economics of red cabbage following mineral fertilization and biopriming with compatible rhizosphere microbes
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Deepranjan Sarkar, Shah Fahad, Sonam Singh, O. Siva Devika, Shikha, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Abdul Gafur, Ardith Sankar, Manoj Parihar, R. Z. Sayyed, Amitava Rakshit, Rahul Datta, and Subhan Danish
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Nitrogen ,Science ,Plant Development ,Brassica ,engineering.material ,Article ,Soil ,Nutrient ,food ,Plant symbiosis ,Fertilizers ,Plant Physiological Phenomena ,Rhizosphere ,Minerals ,Multidisciplinary ,Red cabbage ,biology ,Nutrient management ,Microbiota ,Trichoderma harzianum ,Soil carbon ,Nutrients ,biology.organism_classification ,food.food ,Carbon ,Crop Production ,Agronomy ,Fertilization ,engineering ,Medicine ,Fertilizer ,Soil fertility ,Energy Metabolism ,Plant sciences - Abstract
Conventional agricultural practices and rising energy crisis create a question about the sustainability of the present-day food production system. Nutrient exhaustive crops can have a severe impact on native soil fertility by causing nutrient mining. In this backdrop, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of bio-priming intervention in red cabbage production considering nutrient uptake, the annual change in soil fertility, nutrient use efficiency, energy budgeting, and economic benefits for its sustainable intensification, among resource-poor farmers of Middle Gangetic Plains. The compatible microbial agents used in the study include Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis. Field assays (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) of the present study revealed supplementing 75% of recommended NPK fertilizer with dual inoculation of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens increased macronutrient uptake (N, P, and K), root length, heading percentage, head diameter, head weight, and the total weight of red cabbage along with a positive annual change in soil organic carbon. Maximum positive annual change in available N and available P was recorded under 75% RDF + P. fluorescens + B. subtilis and 75% RDF + T. harzianum + B. subtilis, respectively. Bio-primed plants were also higher in terms of growth and nutrient use efficiency (agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, apparent recovery efficiency, partial factor productivity). Energy output (26,370 and 26,630 MJ ha−1), energy balance (13,643 and 13,903 MJ ha−1), maximum gross return (US $ 16,030 and 13,877 ha−1), and net return (US $ 15,966 and 13,813 ha−1) were considerably higher in T. harzianum, and P. fluorescens treated plants. The results suggest the significance of the bio-priming approach under existing integrated nutrient management strategies and the role of dual inoculations in producing synergistic effects on plant growth and maintaining the soil, food, and energy nexus.
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- 2021
391. Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
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Shah Fahad, Saif-ur-Rahman, Rahul Datta, Syed Sartaj Alam, Subhan Danish, Shah Alam Khan, Khadim Dawar, Atif Dawar, Uzma Younis, and Richard P. Dick
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Multidisciplinary ,Science ,Randomized block design ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,food and beverages ,Nitrous oxide ,equipment and supplies ,Nitrogen ,Article ,Environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Biochar ,Urea ,Medicine ,Nitrification ,Ammonium ,Plant sciences - Abstract
An important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4+ to NO3ˉ1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission. However, there is little information from semi-arid environments such as in Pakistan where conditions favor N2O emissions. Therefore, the object was to conduct field experiment to determine the impact of biochar rates in the presence or absence of urea amended soils on yield-scaled N2O emissions, and wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), had a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments: control, sole urea (150 kg N ha−1), 5 Mg biochar ha−1 (B5), 10 Mg biochar ha−1 (B10), urea + B5 or urea + B10. In urea amended soils with B5 or B10 treatments, biochar reduced total N2O emissions by 27 and 35%, respectively, over the sole urea treatment. Urea + B5 or + B10 treatments had 34 and 46% lower levels, respectively, of yield scaled N2O over the sole urea treatment. The B5 and B10 treatments had 24–38%, 9–13%, 12–27% and 35–43%, respectively greater wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, total N uptake, and NUE, over sole urea. The biochar treatments increased the retention of NH4+ which likely was an important mechanism for reducing N2O by limiting nitrification. These results indicate that amending soils with biochar has potential to mitigate N2O emissions in a semi-arid and at the same time increase wheat productivity.
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- 2021
392. Physio-chemical characterization of indigenous agricultural waste materials for the development of potting media
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Fatma Bibi, Shah Fahad, Javed Iqbal, Syed Inam Ullah Shah Bukhari, Omaima Nasif, Subhan Danish, Allah Bakhsh, Sidra Kiran, Rahul Datta, Khaled D. Alotaibi, and Ali Tan Kee Zuan
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Potting media ,biology ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemical attributes ,Physical attributes ,Particle size ,Plant litter ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Potting ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Environmental science ,Original Article ,Aeration ,Coir ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Agricultural waste - Abstract
Organic residues are an important factor that directly affects fruiting tree seedlings' health at earlier stages. It provides a suitable environment for seedling growth by providing better nutrient ions, water, and aeration. However, low organic contents and high shrinkage of most organic materials mostly deteriorate ideal potting media characteristics. Low aeration, high water, and nutrients leaching decrease seedling growth and cause a significant loss of valuable resources. That is why the current study was conducted to screen out the best indigenous materials based on particle size to produce good characteristics bearing potting media. For that, eight different ingredients, i.e., “sugarcane”, “coconut coir”, “wheat straw”, “rice straw”, “corn cob”, “leaf litter”, “farmyard manure”, and “sunflower heads” were collected. Initially, all the materials were air-dried and processes as per requirement. After grinding, three particles size (fine = < 2 mm, medium = 3 mm and coarse = 5 mm) were separated by sieving. Results showed that decreasing particle size in “rice straw”, “corn cob”, “farmyard manure,” and “sunflower head” decreased leachate pH. Higher EC in leachates was negatively correlated with particle size in all potting media ingredients. Except for farmyard manure, fine particle size increases the water-holding ability of potting media ingredients. However, air-filled porosity was associated with a decrease in particle size of potting media in gradients. In conclusion, farmyard manure, “sunflower heads”, “leaf litter” and “sugarcane” should be incorporated while making a combination for potting media. More investigations are suggested by mixing different particle size ingredients to prepare potting media.
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- 2021
393. Constructing Social Networks from Unstructured Group Dialog in Virtual Worlds
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Shah, Fahad, Sukthankar, Gita, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Salerno, John, editor, Yang, Shanchieh Jay, editor, Nau, Dana, editor, and Chai, Sun-Ki, editor
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- 2011
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394. Vanadium Stress Alters Sweet Potato (
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Sunjeet, Kumar, Mengzhao, Wang, Yonghua, Liu, Zhixin, Zhu, Shah, Fahad, Abdul, Qayyum, and Guopeng, Zhu
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Vanadium (V) is a heavy metal found in trace amounts in many plants and widely distributed in the soil. This study investigated the effects of vanadium concentrations on sweet potato growth, biomass, root morphology, photosynthesis, photosynthetic assimilation, antioxidant defense system, stomatal traits, and V accumulation. Sweet potato plants were grown hydroponically and treated with five levels of V (0, 10, 25, 50, and 75 mg L
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- 2022
395. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and health risks in okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) and spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) fertigated with wastwater
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Mian Abdul Khaliq, Muhammad Tariq Javed, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Mubeen, Wajid Nasim, Shah Fahad, Shankar Karuppannan, Wafa’a A. Al-Taisan, Hussein Almohamad, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Motrih Al-Mutiry, Mona Alrasheedi, and Hazem Ghassan Abdo
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Food Science - Abstract
In many countries like Pakistan, where crops are irrigated by wastewater, the accumulation of heavy metals is a serious problem, especially when such an irrigation is a widespread practice. The focus of this study was to know the highly toxic metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in water, agricultural soil, and crops, besides their probable risk to human health in the area of Vehari district. The physicochemical parameters were determined for the samples, including organic matter, organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity. Water used for irrigation, samples of vegetables for Cd, Cr, and Pb concentration, as well as transfer factor from soil to plants (TF) were analyzed for calculating the daily intake of metals (DIM) and their health risk index (HRI). The results show that the wastewater used for irrigation was contaminated with Cr (0.07mg/kg), Cd (0.054mg/kg), and Pb (0.38mg/kg). In the tube well, the concentrations of heavy metals were: Cd (0.053mg/kg), Pb (0.01mg/kg), and Cd (0.03mg/kg). Application of wastewater increased heavy metals concentration in soil and vegetables. Heavy metals concentrations in wastewater irrigated soil before sowing vegetables in mg/kg were: Pb (0.91), Cd (0.12), and Cr (0.48). After the application of wastewater, significant enrichment of wastewater was observed in Pb (1.93mg/kg), Cd (0.07mg/kg), and Cr (0.34mg/kg). Our study showed a high-risk index of food crops polluted with heavy metals and resultantly greater health risk to humans and animals. That is why preventive measures should be adopted to reduce heavy metals pollution to irrigation water and soils to protect both humans and animals in the Vehari district.
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- 2022
396. WEIGHTED OSTROWSKI'S TYPE INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES FOR MAPPING WHOSE SECOND DERIVATIVE IS BOUNDED
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Muhammad ARSLAN, Muhammad Amir MUSTAFA, Shah FAHAD, Irfan WAHEED, and Ather QAYYUM
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General Medicine - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the domain of L_{∞}, L_{p}, and L₁ norms of inequalities and their applications for some special weight functions. For different weights some previous results are recaptured. Applications are also discussed.
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- 2022
397. Whole farm planning raises profit despite burgeoning climate crisis
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Albert Muleke, Matthew Tom Harrison, Rowan Eisner, Peter de Voil, Maria Yanotti, Ke Liu, Xiaogang Yin, Weilu Wang, Marta Monjardino, Jin Zhao, Feng Zhang, Shah Fahad, and Yunbo Zhang
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Farms ,Multidisciplinary ,Climate Change ,Australia ,Water ,Agriculture ,Edible Grain ,Droughts - Abstract
The climate crisis challenges farmer livelihoods as increasingly frequent extreme weather events impact the quantum and consistency of crop production. Here, we develop a novel paradigm to raise whole farm profit by optimising manifold variables that drive the profitability of irrigated grain farms. We build then invoke a new decision support tool—WaterCan Profit—to optimise crop type and areas that collectively maximise farm profit. We showcase four regions across a climate gradient in the Australian cropping zone. The principles developed can be applied to cropping regions or production systems anywhere in the world. We show that the number of profitable crop types fell from 35 to 10 under future climates, reflecting the interplay between commodity price, yield, crop water requirements and variable costs. Effects of climate change on profit were not related to long-term rainfall, with future climates depressing profit by 11–23% relative to historical climates. Impacts of future climates were closely related to crop type and maturity duration; indeed, many crop types that were traditionally profitable under historical climates were no longer profitable in future. We demonstrate that strategic whole farm planning of crop types and areas can yield significant economic benefits. We suggest that future work on drought adaptation consider genetic selection criteria more diverse than phenology and yield alone. Crop types with (1) higher value per unit grain weight, (2) lower water requirements and (3) higher water-use efficiency are more likely to ensure the sustainability and prosperity of irrigated grain production systems under future climates.
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- 2022
398. Abundance, spatial distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in agricultural soils and their relationship with contributing factors
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Muhammad Amjad Khan, Qing Huang, Sardar Khan, Qingqing Wang, Jingjing Huang, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Sajjad, Yin Liu, Ondřej Mašek, Xiaohui Li, Junfeng Wang, and Xiaomao Song
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Environmental Engineering ,General Medicine ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Agro-ecosystem contamination with microplastics (MPs) is of great concern. However, limited research has been conducted on the agricultural soil of tropical regions. This paper investigated MPs in the agro-ecosystem of Hainan Island, China, as well as their relationships with plastic mulching, farming practices, and social and environmental factors. The concentration of MPs in the study area ranged from 2800 to 82500 particles/kg with a mean concentration of 15461.52 particles/kg. MPs with sizes between 20 and 200 μm had the highest abundance of 57.57%, fragment (58.16%) was the most predominant shape, while black (77.76%) was the most abundant MP colour. Polyethylene (PE) (71.04%) and polypropylene (PP) (19.83%) were the main types of polymers. The mean abundance of MPs was significantly positively correlated (p 0.01) with all sizes, temperature, and shapes except fibre, while weakly positively correlated with the population (p = 0.21), GDP (p = 0.33), and annual precipitation (p = 0.66). In conclusion, plastic mulching contributed to significant contamination of soil MPs in the study area, while environmental and social factors promoted soil MPs fragmentation. The current study results indicate serious contamination with MPs, which poses a concern regarding ecological and environmental safety.
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- 2022
399. The impact of digital technology use on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior under the background of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality goals
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Xiaohui Huang, Fei Yang, and Shah Fahad
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General Environmental Science - Abstract
In the digital economy era, as a new production factor, digital technology can break through the information blocking constraints on farmers’ behavior, become an important driving force affecting farmers’ low-carbon production behavior, and provide new opportunities for agricultural green low-carbon transformation and the realization of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the field survey data of 571 farm households in Jiangsu Province, China, this paper employs the Ordered Probit model and the mediating effect test method, and takes risk cognition as the mediating variable to empirically analyze the impact of digital technology use on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior and its path. The study results show that environmental risk cognition, health risk cognition, agricultural product safety risk cognition, and pesticide residue risk cognition have a significant positive impact on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior. Study findings also reveal that, on one side, the use of digital technology has a direct effect on the farmers’ low-carbon production behavior, on the other side, it indirectly affects the farmers’ low-carbon production behavior by affecting their risk cognition, that is, risk cognition plays a partial mediation role in this relationship. Furthermore, the results indicate that among the control variables, joint cooperative membership, food security knowledge, agricultural income, technical guidance, and following instructions have a significant and positive impact on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior. Based on study findings, the variable “number of the labor force” has a negative and significant impact on farmers’ low-carbon production behavior. Based on study findings, to effectively realize carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality goals and promote sustainable and high-quality agriculture development, agricultural policy makers should pay attention to the role of digital technology to actively promote low-carbon production behavior.
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- 2022
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400. A pathway towards the development and evolution of consumer behavior: Policy directions for sustainable development and improvement of nutrition
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Fang Su, Jiangbo Chang, Xing Zhang, Shah Fahad, and Shimza Bint Aslam
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Food Science - Abstract
IntroductionThe virtuality, concealment, uncertainty and complexity of online trading make the online food trading market have security risks, while the lack of information, information asymmetry and imperfect market system make the “lemon problem” in the market increasingly obvious.MethodsIn order to clearly understand and manage the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, we built an evolutionary game model involving the seller, buyers and online food trading platform, deeply analyzed the formation process of the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, and revealed the influencing factors and effects of each subject’s strategy choice from the perspectives of subsidy, punishment, cost, and benefit.ResultsFindings of this study reveal that: (1) In the online food trading market, the strategy of the seller, buyer and platform will be stable in six situations, and the “lemon problem” will emerge with the development and evolution of the online food trading market. (2) The strategy of each subject in the online food trading market will be affected by variables like cost difference between positive performance and negative performance of the seller, punishment from the buyer with positive participation to the seller with negative performance, subsidy from the platform with positive regulation to the seller with positive performance, etc., and different factors have different influence directions and degrees on the subject strategy. (3) In the online food trading market, cost, punishment, subsidy and benefit have different effects on the subject’s strategy. Among them, cost and cost difference have the most significant impact on the subject’s strategy, followed by punishment and benefit difference, and subsidy and additional benefit have less impact on the subject’s strategy.DiscussionBased on our study findings, it is proposed that by constructing a complete and standardized system of online food trading market from the aspects of examination and verification institution, reward and punishment institution, and supervision institution, it will be able to provide reference for managing the “lemon problem” in the online food trading market, promoting the sustainable development of the market, and ensuring the safety of online food.
- Published
- 2022
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