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Sawing concrete with diamond saw blade is a complex process with alternating loading. However, due to the poor working conditions of the thin circular blade made of high manganese steel core, and the lack of research on its failure mechanism, a large number of used blade are abandoned every year in China and all over the world without steel core reused. Therefore, exploring the failure mechanism of diamond saw blade can improve the cutting quality and efficiency, and extend the service life of the saw blade. In this paper, the failure mechanism of diamond saw blade sawing concrete was analyzed through segment wear experiment and microstructure observation of segments and steel core of failed sawblade. The results showed that the stress concentration exited at the bottom of slot, where it became the most dangerous section. The crack at the bottom of the cooling hole caused the saw blade to deviate violently and bear unevenly. The microstructure is great different along the outer to the center of the steel core. The closer to the teeth of the saw blade, the more obvious the microstructure change, while the central core still retains the original structure. Under the same sawing area of 0.01m2, the stable dust adhesion of plain concrete is less than that of the steel fiber concrete. However, when the dust adhesion increases to more than the stable adhesion, the phenomenon of blockage will occur. Therefore, deflection, crack, wear and burn were the main failure reasons of diamond saw blade when sawing concrete.

Embedding heterocycles into the skeleton of g-C3N4 has been proved to be a simple and efficient strategy for improving light response and the separation of photo-excited charges. Herein, 2-thiobarbituric acid incorporated g-C3N4 (TBA/CN) with good photocatalytic efficiency for Rh B degradation and H2 production was successfully achieved via a facile thermal copolymerization approach. The incorporation of aromatics and S atoms into the skeleton of g-C3N4 was identified via systematic characterizations. This unique structure contributed to the narrowed band-gap, extended delocalization of lone pair electrons and changed electron transition pathway, which led to the enhanced visible light utilization, accelerated charge migration and prolonged electron lifetime, subsequently resulting in the significant boost of photocatalytic activity. The optimal TBA/CN-3 sample yielded the largest Rh B degradation rate constant k value of 0.0273 min−1 and simultaneously highest rate of H2 evolution of 0.438 mmol g−1 h−1, which were almost 3.5 and 3.8 folds as fast as that of the pristine CN, respectively. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for the detailed elucidation of the process of Rh B degradation coupled with H2 production.

Waterborne polyurethane resins (WPUs) were prepared from polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG) and PTMG/polyhydric alcohol liquefied lignin (LL) with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and ethylenediamine (EDA) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) were used as chain extenders. The effects of LL and the kind of chain extender on the properties of the WPU suspensions and dried films were studied. WPU suspensions prepared with PTMG/LL as the polyol had higher viscosity and larger average particle dimension than those with PTMG alone. WPU films prepared with EDA as the chain extender had higher tensile strength with less tensile deformation. LL can enhance the stiffness of WPU films, but the breaking deformation decreases. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) results showed that the main effect of LL was reduced thermal activity of the soft segment. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results showed WPU films prepared with EDA as the chain extender had better heat-resistance than those with 1,4-BD.

miRNA‐mediated pyroptosis play crucial effects in the development of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). Piperine (PIP) possesses multiple pharmacological effects especially in I/R condition. This study focuses on whether PIP protects MIRI from pyroptosis via miR‐383‐dependent pathway. Rat MIRI model was established by 30 minutes of LAD ligation and 4 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial enzymes, histomorphology, structure and function were detected to evaluate MIRI. Recombinant adenoviral vectors for miR‐383 overexpression or miR‐383 silencing or RP105 knockdown were constructed, respectively. Luciferase reporter analysis was used to confirm RP105 as a target of miR‐383. Pyroptosis‐related markers were measured by Western blotting assay. The results showed that I/R provoked myocardial injury, as shown by the increases of LDH/CK releases, infarcted areas and apoptosis as well as worsened function and structure. Pyroptosis‐related mediators including NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1, cleaved IL‐1β and IL‐18 were also reinforced after MIRI. However, PIP treatment greatly ameliorated MIRI in parallel with pyroptotic repression. In mechanistic studies, MIRI‐caused elevation of miR‐383 and decrease of RP105/PI3K/AKT pathway were reverted by PIP treatment. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed RP105 as a miR‐383 target. miR‐383 knockdown ameliorated but miR‐383 overexpression facilitated pyroptosis and MIRI. Moreover, the anti‐pyroptotic effect from miR‐383 silencing was verified to be relied on the RP105/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Additionally, our present study further indicated the miR‐383/RP105/AKT‐dependent approach resulting from PIP administration against pyroptosis in MIRI. Therefore, PIP treatment attenuates MIRI and pyroptosis by regulating miR‐383/RP105/AKT pathway, and it may provide a therapeutic manner for the treatment of MIRI.

BACKGROUND: Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) is widely used for the treatment of chronic arrhythmia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative complications and the risk factors in patients with PPI. METHODS: The clinical data of 124 patients who underwent PPI in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Data on sex, age, status of disease, and related complications of all patients were recorded, and differences were compared. The factors affecting postoperative complications in patients with PPI were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative complications in 124 patients with PPI was 8.06% (10/124), including 4 cases with capsular hematoma (3.23%), 2 cases with capsular rupture (1.61%), 3 cases with capsular infection (2.42%) and 1 case with venous thrombosis (0.81%). Unconditional single-factor logistic regression model showed that the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with PPI was significantly greater with older age, high body mass index (BMI), smoking history, poor nutritional status, and decreased platelet counts (P

Summary A 31-year-old man presented with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) without typical clinical characteristics, but with abnormal walking, difficult leg lifting and frequent falling. He was admitted to a hospital in Beijing for two months and then transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After multiple tests failed to identify the pathogen, single-cell sequencing (scS) was used to test the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparing the sequence obtained from single-cell sequencing with the reference database, it was found that the infection was caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto (AFLP4/VGI genotype). Cryptococcus is difficult to cultivate from complex body fluids. The etiological agent of this patient was identified and the patient was treated. This case is the first case in which scS was used to detect and identify fungal pathogen after conventional testing failed to identify the cause of the disease. This report demonstrates that the scS approach can be used to generate fungal genome sequences directly from the CSF of a CM patient. The scS technology could become a powerful tool to precise detect microscopically visible but uncultured pathogens in clinical samples.

Valganciclovir (VGCV) is the prodrug of ganciclovir (GCV). The objective of this study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic model (PPK) of GCV to investigate the PK characteristics of GCV after administration of VGCV in adult Chinese renal allograft recipients. Seventy Chinese renal allograft recipients were given 450 mg (n = 41) or 900 mg (n = 29) VGCV daily. Blood samples were drawn 0-24 hours after 5 days' therapy, and GCV plasma levels were determined. The PPK model was constructed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, and the Bayesian estimation of AUC0-24h was constructed for an individual patient based on limited plasma samples. The PK of GCV was best described by a 2-compartment model with a first-order absorption process. The CL/F, V2 /F, Q/F, V3 /F, Ka , and lag time of GCV were 15.8 ± 0.71 L/h, 10.9 ± 2.38 L, 3.98 ± 0.40 L/h, 167 ± 44.0 L, 0.23 ± 0.0078 1/h, and 0.93 ± 0.017 hours, respectively. Clearance of creatinine was found to have a significant impact on the CL/F of GCV (P < .01). Sampling strategies consisted of plasma concentrations 0 and 2 and 0, 2, and 4 hours after VGCV administration were shown to be suitable for the estimation of the GCV AUC0-24h . The PPK model was acceptable and can describe the PK of GCV in Chinese renal transplant patients administered VGCV. The AUC0-24h of GCV in Chinese renal transplant patients can be calculated by a limited sampling strategy method.

Background Pulmonary carcinosarcomas (PCSs) are a heterogeneous group of non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) with aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Although genetic mutations of some common lung cancer subtypes have been extensively studied, the molecular characteristics of PCSs and the existence of abnormal target genes are unknown. Methods In this study, the clinical and molecular characterization in 3 pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCs) were presented using microscope analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Results The results revealed a carcinosarcomas subtype presenting squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma components in all 3 cases. NGS analysis showed that 182, 316 and 230 shared mutations were detected between sarcoma and lung carcinoma from 3 patients. Two identical alterations in two genes (CSMD3 and RYR3) that were all shared by the two components in 3 patients. Tumor suppressor gene TP53 (5/6, 83%) showed the highest mutation frequency for driver genes here. Additionally, we focused on an LYST mutation which was mainly present in the sarcoma components. Moreover, the clonal evolution and signature analysis confirm that lung squamous cell carcinoma and sarcoma in each PCS patient may have come from a common ancestor, and mutagenesis was possibly related to indirect effects of tobacco, age or other unknown factors. Conclusion Our results indicate that genetic analysis and molecular targeted therapy are necessary for the identification and treatment of these rare lung tumors. CSMD3 and LYST, as common mutation genes, may be a potential therapeutic target in PCS.

There are approximately 1 million cryptococcal infections per year among HIV+ individuals, resulting in nearly 625,000 deaths. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two most common species that cause human cryptococcosis. These two species of Cryptococcus have differences in pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment. Cryptococcal infections are usually difficult to identify because of their slow growth in vitro. In addition, the long detection cycle of Cryptococcus in clinical specimens makes the diagnosis of Cryptococcal infections difficult. Here, we used positively charged silver nanoparticles (AgNPs+) as a substrate to distinguish between C. neoformans and C. gattii in clinical specimens directly via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and spectral analysis. The AgNPs+ self-assembled on the surface of the fungal cell wall via electrostatic aggregation, leading to enhanced SERS signals that were better than the standard substrate negatively charged silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The SERS spectra could also be used as a sample database in the multivariate analysis via orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. This novel SERS detection method can clearly distinguish between the two Cryptococcus species using principal component analysis. The accuracy of the training data and test data was 100% after a tenfold crossover validation.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most deadly cancer, and its incidence is still increasing year by year. Although the researches on the molecular mechanisms of EC have been widely carried out and incremental progress has been made, its overall survival rate is still low. There is cumulative evidence showing that the esophageal microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of EC. In precancerous lesions of the esophagus, high-risk environmental factors can promote the development of precancerous lesions by inducing the production of inflammatory factors and the recruitment of immune cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-promoting cells can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression through a variety of pathways, such as bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The formation of extracellular hypoxia and acidic microenvironment and the change of extracellular matrix stiffness are also important factors affecting tumor progression and metastasis. Simultaneously, primary tumor-derived cytokines and bone marrow-derived immune cells can also promote the formation of pre-metastasis niche of EC lymph nodes, which are beneficial to EC lymph node metastasis. Further research on the specific mechanism of these processes in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of each EC subtype will support us to grasp the overall pre-cancerous prevention, targeted treatment, and metastatic assessment of EC.

Background The recent outbreak of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, PR China, was caused by a novel beta coronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Purpose To summarize chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the early stage of COVID-19 infection and provide a piece of reliable imaging evidence for initial screening and diagnosis. Material and Methods From 10 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, we continuously observed chest CT imaging of 14 patients with clinically suspected new coronavirus infection in the two weeks after onset of symptoms. Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, reticular pattern, and ground-glass mimic nodules in each patient’s chest CT image were recorded. Results We enrolled 14 patients, of which nine patients had the infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Five patients were highly suspected of infection. All cases had epidemiological evidence. GGO was a dominant imaging manifestation in the initial days of infection. GGO performance accounts for 40% in 1– 2 days, 90% in 3– 6 days, and 85% in 7– 10 days. With disease progression, consolidation appeared on follow-up CT. Consolidation performance accounts for 0% in 1– 2 days, 40% in 3– 6 days, and 71% in 7– 10 days. The lesions are mostly near the pleura. The number of lesions and the extent of the lesions increased as the disease progressed. Conclusion Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have characteristic CT features in the initial stage of infection, which can be used as an essential supplement for nucleic acid examination.

Accurate delineation of cancer margins is critical for endoscopic curative resection. This study aimed to train and validate real-time fully convolutional networks for delineating the resection margin of early gastric cancer (EGC) under indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (CE) or white light endoscopy (WLE), and evaluated its performance and that of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI). We collected CE and WLE images of EGC lesions to train fully convolutional networks ENDOANGEL. ENDOANGEL was tested both on stationary images and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) videos. The accuracy and reliability of ENDOANGEL and NBI-dependent delineation were further evaluated by a novel endoscopy–pathology point-to-point marking. ENDOANGEL had an accuracy of 85.7% in the CE images and 88.9% in the WLE images under an overlap ratio threshold of 0.60 in comparison with the manual markers labeled by the experts. In the ESD videos, the resection margins predicted by ENDOANGEL covered all areas of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancers. The minimum distance between the margins predicted by ENDOANGEL and the histological cancer boundary was 3.44 ± 1.45 mm which outperformed the resection margin based on ME-NBI. ENDOANGEL has the potential to assist endoscopists in delineating the resection extent of EGC under CE or WLE during ESD.

Summary Background Colonoscopy performance varies among endoscopists, impairing the discovery of colorectal cancers and precursor lesions. We aimed to construct a real-time quality improvement system (ENDOANGEL) to monitor real-time withdrawal speed and colonoscopy withdrawal time and to remind endoscopists of blind spots caused by endoscope slipping. We also aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this system for improving adenoma yield of everyday colonoscopy. Methods The ENDOANGEL system was developed using deep neural networks and perceptual hash algorithms. We recruited consecutive patients aged 18–75 years from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in China who provided written informed consent. We randomly assigned patients (1:1) using computer-generated random numbers and block randomisation (block size of four) to either colonoscopy with the ENDOANGEL system or unassisted colonoscopy (control). Endoscopists were not masked to the random assignment but analysts and patients were unaware of random assignments. The primary endpoint was the adenoma detection rate (ADR), which is the proportion of patients having one or more adenomas detected at colonoscopy. The primary analysis was done per protocol (ie, in all patients having colonoscopy done in accordance with the assigned intervention) and by intention to treat (ie, in all randomised patients). This trial is registered with http://www.chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR1900021984. Findings Between June 18, 2019, and Sept 6, 2019, 704 patients were randomly allocated colonoscopy with the ENDOANGEL system (n=355) or unassisted (control) colonoscopy (n=349). In the intention-to-treat population, ADR was significantly greater in the ENDOANGEL group than in the control group, with 58 (16%) of 355 patients allocated ENDOANGEL-assisted colonoscopy having one or more adenomas detected, compared with 27 (8%) of 349 allocated control colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR] 2·30, 95% CI 1·40–3·77; p=0·0010). In the per-protocol analysis, findings were similar, with 54 (17%) of 324 patients assigned ENDOANGEL-assisted colonoscopy and 26 (8%) of 318 patients assigned control colonoscopy having one or more adenomas detected (OR 2·18, 95% CI 1·31–3·62; p=0·0026). No adverse events were reported. Interpretation The ENDOANGEL system significantly improved the adenoma yield during colonoscopy and seems to be effective and safe for use during routine colonoscopy. Funding Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Innovation Project, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the rate and volume of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) hospitalized during the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the VLBWIs with a gestational age of

Pregnancy-related intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP) is a serious complication with adverse perinatal outcomes of preterm labor, fetal distress, or stillbirth. As a result, it is important to investigate and identify the potential critical pathogenic mechanisms of ICP. First, we collected the placental tissues from the ICP with placental weight and fetal birth weight loss for the whole transcriptome sequencing. Then we analyzed the differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) by SRPBM, DElncRNAs by FRKM, DEmiRNAs by TPM, and DEmRNAs by TPM and RSEM. Based on differential expression of term pregnancy placental tissues from pregnancies impacted by ICP (n=7) as compared to gestational aged matched control tissues (n=5), the circ/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed. The ceRNA regulatory networks covered 3,714 events, including 21 DEmiRNAs, 36 DEcircRNAs, 146 DElncRNAs, and 169 DEmRNAs. According to the functional analysis, ICP complications were linked to the immune system, signal transduction, endocrine system, cell growth and death, and transport and catabolism. Further evidence suggested that the expression of immune-related genes KLRD1, BRAF, and NFATC4 might have a potential ceRNA mechanism by individual lncRNA sponging miR372-3p, miR-371a-3p, miR-7851-3p, and miR-449a to control downstream the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10, thereby regulating the pathophysiology of ICP. Furthermore, our results were validated by the qRT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA assays. In conclusion, this study is the first to evaluate placental ceRNA networks in pregnancies affected by ICP, showing alterations in immune regulatory networks which may impact fetal and placental growth. Overall our these data suggest that the ceRNA regulatory network may refine biomarker predictions for developing novel therapeutic approaches in ICP.

Tumor metastasis is still an insurmountable obstacle in tumor treatment. Lung cancer represents one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity worldwide. hnRNPA1 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of tumor metastasis, while its specific role in tumor metastasis seems to be controversial and its molecular mechanism in lung cancer metastasis remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that knockdown of the hnRNPA1 led to enhanced migration, invasion and EMT transition in lung cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis of the GSE34992 dataset revealed that hnRNPA1 may regulate the alternative splicing (AS) of LAS1L exon 9. Further AGE assays and RIP assays revealed that hnRNPA1 can directly bind to the LAS1L pre-mRNA to inhibit the splicing of LAS1L exon 9. The RNA pull-down assays showed that hnRNPA1 can specifically bind to the two sites (UAGGGU(WT1) and UGGGGU(WT3)) of LAS1L Intron 9. Further Transwell assays indicated that the expression ratio of LAS1L-L/LAS1L-S regulated by hnRNPA1 can further promote the migration, invasion and EMT transition in lung cancer cells. Moreover, hnRNPA1 expression showed significant heterogeneity in lung cancer tissues, which may contain new research directions and potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate that hnRNPA1 can affect the metastasis of lung cancer cells by modulating the AS of LAS1L exon 9, highlighting the potential significance of hnRNPA1 in lung cancer metastasis.

Melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Despite the breakthroughs in the clinical treatment of melanoma using tumor immunotherapy, many patients do not benefit from these immunotherapies because of multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the mechanisms of tumor-immune system interactions and their molecular determinants to improve cancer immunotherapy. In this study, combined analysis of microarray data and single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed the key interactions between immune cells in the melanoma microenvironment. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and malignant tissues were obtained using GEO2R. The DEGs were then subjected to downstream analyses, including enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis, indicating that these genes were associated with the immune response of melanoma. Then, the GEPIA and TIMER databases were used to verify the differential expression and prognostic significance of hub genes, and the relationship between the hub genes and immune infiltration. In addition, we combined single cell analysis from GSE123139 to identify immune cell types, and validated the expression of the hub genes in these immune cells. Finally, cell-to-cell communication analysis of the proteins encoded by the hub genes and their interactions was performed using CellChat. We found that the CCL5-CCR1, SELPLG-SELL, CXCL10-CXCR3, and CXCL9-CXCR3 pathways might play important roles in the communication between the immune cells in tumor microenvironment. This discovery may reveal the communication basis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and provide a new idea for melanoma immunotherapy.

Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector is an important component of China’s “dual carbon” goals. In recent years, the country’s direct carbon emissions in the building sector have hit a plateau while the total emissions still grow rapidly. Besides, the building materials for construction and refrigerants leaked during buildings’ operation also result in greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve the targets set for future low-carbon development, the building sector should feature “sufficient demand, decarbonized structure and flexible load.” According to the analysis of the emission reduction approaches adopted by different sectors, China’s building sector should make a ceaseless effort to promote building energy conservation, improve electrification, and load flexibility, reform the energy system in rural areas, optimize the heating structure in northern China’s urban areas, as well as reduce the emissions during construction and the non-CO2 gas emissions. In the 14th Five-Year period, it is suggested to clarify the total energy consumption and carbon emission targets, adjust the energy structure more vigorously, and draw up more measures to reduce the emissions related to construction and refrigerant leakage.

Although numerous publications on three-dimensional printing (3DP) in spine surgery have been published, bibliometric analysis studies are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to present a bibliometric analysis of the status, hot spots, and frontiers of 3DP in spine surgery and associated research disciplines.All publications relating to the utilization of 3DP in spine surgery from 1999 to May 9, 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science. The bibliometric analysis was performed using CiteSpace software, and information on the country, institution, author, journal, and keywords for each publication was collected.A total of 270 articles were identified. From 2016 onward, a significant increase in publications on spinal surgery was observed. China was the most productive and influential country (98 publications) and H-index (22), followed by the USA and Australia. The most productive institution was Capital Medical University (9 publications). P. S. D'urso (8 publications, 46 citations) and R. J. Mobbs (8 publications, 39 citations) were the most prolific authors. European Spine Journal contributed the highest number of publications. The eight main clusters were: "rapid prototyping" #0, "3D printed" #1, "spine fusion" #2, "scoliosis" #3, "spine surgery" #4, "patient-specific" #5, "nervous system" #6, and "neuronavigation" #7. The strongest keyword bursts in 3DP in spine surgery were "fixation," "drill template," "instrumentation," "fusion," "complication," and "atlantoaxial instability."This analysis provides information on research trends and frontiers in the application of 3DP in spine surgery, as well as research and collaboration partners, institutions, and countries.

Pandemics such as COVID-19 and their induced lockdowns/travel restrictions have a significant impact on people’s lives, especially for lower-income groups who lack savings and rely heavily on mobility to fulfill their daily needs. Taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, this study analysed the risk of returning to poverty for low-income households in Hubei Province in China as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. Employing a dataset including information on 78,931 government-identified poor households, three scenarios were analysed in an attempt to identify who is at high risk of returning to poverty, where they are located, and how the various risk factors influence their potential return to poverty. The results showed that the percentage of households at high risk of returning to poverty (falling below the poverty line) increased from 5.6% to 22% due to a 3-month lockdown. This vulnerable group tended to have a single source of income, shorter working hours, and more family members. Towns at high risk (more than 2% of households returning to poverty) doubled (from 27.3% to 46.9%) and were mainly located near railway stations; an average decrease of 10–50 km in the distance to the nearest railway station increased the risk from 1.8% to 9%. These findings, which were supported by the representativeness of the sample and a variety of robustness tests, provide new information for policymakers tasked with protecting vulnerable groups at high risk of returning to poverty and alleviating the significant socio-economic consequences of future pandemics.

Identifying biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis is important for the diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. The existing study has shown that miRNA is one of the most important biomarkers for diseases. However, few existing methods are designed for predicting Multiple Sclerosis-related miRNAs. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel computation framework for predicting Multiple Sclerosis-associated miRNAs. The proposed framework uses a network representation model to learn the feature representation of miRNA and uses a deep learning-based model to predict the miRNAs associated with Multiple Sclerosis. The evaluation result shows that the proposed model can predict the miRNAs associated with Multiple Sclerosis precisely. In addition, the proposed model can outperform several existing methods in a large margin.

Scutellaria baicalensis is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb. In this study, we identified the germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples based on trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences according to the available chloroplast genome sequencing results, and measured the content of baicalin by HPLC. Through the above means we determined the best DNA barcode that can be used to detect the germplasm resources and evaluate the quality of commercial S. baicalensis samples. A total of 104 samples were collected from 24 provinces, from which DNA was extracted for PCR amplification. The amplification efficiencies of trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences were 100%, 59.62%, and 25.96%, respectively. The results of sequence analysis showed that 5, 4, and 2 haplotypes were identified based on trnH-psbA, petA-psbJ, and ycf4-cemA sequences, respectively. However, the sequences of haplotypes in commercial samples were different from that of the wild type, and the joint analysis of three fragments of S. baicalensis only identified 6 haplotypes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance analysis indicated that trnH-psbA could be used to identify S. baicalensis from adulterants. The above analysis showed that trnH-psbA was the best fragment for identifying the germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples. We then analyzed the haplotypes(THap1-THap5) of commercial S. baicalensis samples based on trnH-psbA and found that THap2 was the main circulating haplotype of the commercial samples, accounting for 86.55% of the total samples, which indicated the scarce germplasm resources of commercial S. baicalensis samples. The content of baicalin in all the collected commercial S. baicalensis samples exceeded the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and had significant differences(maximum of 12.21%) among samples, suggesting that the quality of commercial S. baicalensis samples varied considerably. However, there was no significant difference in baicalin content between different provinces or between different haplotypes. This study facilitates the establishment of the standard identification system for S. baicalensis, and can guide the commercial circulation and reasonable medication of S. baicalensis.

BackgroundLimited studies have explored the difference of fatty acid profile between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results were inconsistent. Individual fatty acids tend to be interrelated because of the shared food sources and metabolic pathways. Thus, whether fatty acid patters during pregnancy were related to GDM odds needs further exploration.ObjectiveTo identify plasma fatty acid patters during pregnancy and their associations with odds of GDM.MethodsA hospital-based case-control study including 217 GDM cases and 217 matched controls was carried out in urban Wuhan, China from August 2012 to April 2015. All the participants were enrolled at the time of GDM screening and provided fasting blood samples with informed consent. We measured plasma concentrations of fatty acids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and derived potential fatty acid patterns (FAPs) through principal components analysis. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to evaluate the associations between individual fatty acids or FAPs and odds of GDM.ResultsTwenty individual fatty acids with relative concentrations ≥0.05% were included in the analyses. Compared with control group, GDM group had significantly higher concentrations of total fatty acids, 24:1n-9, and relatively lower levels of 14:0, 15:0, 17:0, 18:0, 24:0, 16:1n-7, 20:1n-9,18:3n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 22:5n-3. Two novel patterns of fatty acids were identified to be associated with lower odds of GDM: (1) relatively higher odd-chain fatty acids, 14:0, 18:0, 18:3n-3, 20:2n-6, 20:3n-6 and lower 24:1n-9 and 18:2n-6 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) (CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.42 (0.23–0.76), P-trend = 0.002], (2) relatively higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, 24:0, 18:3n-6 and lower 16:0 and 20:4n-6 [adjusted OR (95% CI) for quartiles 4 vs. 1: 0.48 (0.26–0.90), P-trend = 0.018].ConclusionOur findings suggested that two novel FAPs were inversely associated with GDM odds. The combination of circulating fatty acids could be a more significant marker of GDM development than individual fatty acids or their subgroups.

Timely identification and regular surveillance of patients at high risk are crucial for early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancer. However, traditional manual surveillance method is time-consuming, and current surveillance rate is below 50%. Here, we aimed to develop a surveillance system named ENDOANGEL-AS (automatic surveillance) for automatic identification and surveillance of high-risk patients.7874 patients from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between May 1 and July 31, 2021 were used as the training set, 6762 patients between August 1 and October 31, 2021 as the internal test set, and 7570 patients from two other hospitals between August 1 and October 31, 2021 as the external test sets. We first extracted descriptions of abnormalities from endoscopic and pathological reports based on natural language processing techniques to identify individuals. Then patients were classified at nine risk levels according to endoscopic and pathological findings, and a deep learning model was trained to identify demarcation line (DL) in gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) using 1561 white-light still images for risk stratification of gastric LGIN. Finally, patients undergoing upper endoscopy were classified and assigned one of ten surveillance intervals according to guidelines. The performance of ENDOANGEL-AS was evaluated and compared with physicians.Patient identification module achieved an accuracy of 100% and 99.91% in internal and external test sets, respectively. Risk level classification module achieved an accuracy of 100% and 99.85% in the internal and external test sets, respectively. DL identification module achieved an accuracy of 87.88%. ENDOANGEL-AS on surveillance interval assignment achieved an accuracy of 99.23% and 99.67% in internal and external test sets, respectively. ENDOANGEL-AS had significantly higher accuracy compared with physicians (99.00% vs 38.87%, p 0.001). The accuracy (63.67%, p 0.001) of endoscopists with the assistance of ENDOANGEL-AS was significantly improved.We established a surveillance system that can automatically identify patients and assign surveillance intervals with high accuracy and good transferability.This work was partly supported by a grant from the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Innovation Project (2018-916-000-008) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2042021kf0084).

Background Urban green infrastructure (GI) networks play a significant role in ensuring regional ecological security; however, they are highly vulnerable to the influence of urban development, and the optimization of GI networks with better connectivity and resilience under different development scenarios has become a practical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Taking Harbin, a megacity in Northeast China, as the case study, we set five simulation scenarios by adjusting the economic growth rate and extracted the GI network in multiple scenarios by integrating the minimal cumulative resistance model and the gravity model. The low-degree-first (LDF) strategy of complex network theory was introduced to optimize the GI network, and the optimization effect was verified by robustness analysis. Results The results showed that in the 5% economic growth scenario, the GI network structure was more complex, and the connectivity of the network was better, while in the other scenarios, the network structure gradually degraded with economic growth. After optimization by the LDF strategy, the average degree of the GI network in multiple scenarios increased from 2.368, 2.651, 2.189, 1.972, and 1.847 to 2.783, 3.125, 2.643, 2.414, and 2.322, respectively, and the GI network structure connectivity and resilience were significantly enhanced in all scenarios. Conclusions Economic growth did not necessarily lead to degradation of the GI network; there was still room for economic development in the study area, but it was limited under existing GI conditions, and the LDF strategy was an effective method to optimize the GI network. The research results provide a new perspective for the study of GI network protection with urban economic growth and serve as a methodological reference for urban GI network optimization.

In this work, an unprecedented and widely applicable strategy for the regioselective C-3 amination of indoles and C-2 amination of heteroarenes (pyrrole and benzofuran) is presented in a simple, high-efficiency way. This protocol is also one of the few methods for the efficient construction of C-N bonds of quinoneimides by the 1,6-addition reaction.

Economic resilience has been a popular issue in recent years. Along with the consideration of severe shocks caused by the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and globalization of industry and the upgradation of knowledge and technology, economic resilience has brought in much attention. About 50 years of development of planned industrial parks in Taiwan has resulted in considerable economic scale; however, due to changes in interior demands and the exterior environment with time, rearrangement and industrial transformation have made the development of industrial parks difficult. Accordingly, the resilience of planned industrial parks in Taiwan, when encountering a variety of shocks, need to be reviewed and examined. This study selects 12 planned industrial parks from Tainan and Kaohsiung, in southern Taiwan, as subjects and had a complete understanding of economic resilience and factors that influence economic resilience from literature reviews. Four quadrant model constituted by the indicators of economic resistance and recovery as well as discriminant analysis are implemented to analyze the resilience of industrial parks with different backgrounds and various shocks, as well as the elements influencing the resilience. Analytical results indicate that planned industrial parks with industrial structures based on specialized variety or with a steady input of knowledge and innovation to research and development benefited the industrial parks in better resilience, while complete infrastructure planning and governance are fundamental conditions for resilience.