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Background: Various root canal systems are available commercially with each manufacturer stating superior characteristics of their respective systems. Fifth generation root canal systems claim to have better flexibility and superior debris elimination due to their offset design. This study aims to compare the effects of fifth generation rotary systems on canal curvature, transportation and centering ratio of curved mesial root canals of mandibular molar via cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 mandibular first molars with an angle of curvature ranging from 20 to 40° of the mesiobuccal root were divided into three groups with 20 canals each. Before instrumentation, the groups were balanced with respect to the angle and radius of canal curvature based on CBCT images taken. All root canals were shaped to an apical size of 25: OneShape (OS) (Micro Mega, Besancon, France), ProTaper Next X2 (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer), Revo S(RS) (Micro Mega, Besancon, France). CBCT assessment was done post instrumentation. SPSS version 16 software was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at P = 0.05. Results: The OS system maintained better canal centricity and less transportation as compared to PTN and RS. There was no significant difference among the three groups in canal curvature after instrumentation. Conclusions: All file systems used straightened the root canal curvature similarly. OS instrumentation exhibited superior performance compared with the RS and PTN systems with respect to transportation and centering ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Although many transcription factors and regulatory proteins have been identified and functionally characterized in light signaling pathways, photoperception to transcription remains largely fragmented. The Z-box is one of the LREs (Light responsive elements) that plays important role in the regulation of transcription during light-controlled Arabidopsis seedling development. The involvement of photoreceptors in the modulation of the activity of the Z-box containing promoters has been demonstrated. However, the role of downstream signaling components such as SPA1 and MYC2/ZBF1, which are functionally interrelated, remains unknown. In this study, we have investigated the regulation of the Z-box containing synthetic and native promoters by SPA1 and MYC2 by using stable transgenic lines. Our studies suggest that SPA1 negatively regulates the expression of CAB1 native promoter. MYC2 negatively regulates the activity of Z- and/or G-box containing synthetic as well as native promoters irrespective of light quality. Moreover, MYC2 negatively regulates the expression of Z/G-NOS101-GUS even in the darkness. Furthermore, analyses of tissue specific expression in adult plants suggest that MYC2 strongly regulates the activity of Z- and G-box containing promoters specifically in leaves and stems. In roots, whereas MYC2 positively regulates the activity of the Z-box containing synthetic promoter, it does not seem to control the activity of the G-box containing promoters. Taken together, these results provide insights into SPA1- and MYC2-mediated transcriptional regulation of the Z- and G-box containing promoters in light signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective. Evidence based practice (EBP) is based on the combination of the best research finding and clinical skill to ease clinical decision-making procedure. Patients treated with evidence-based practices have much better results as compared to the other patients. In today’s world, EBP has attained global acceptance in physiotherapy sector. The objective of the study was to access the knowledge, attitude and implementation of EBP of physiotherapists in India via a cross sectional study. Method. A cross sectional survey was held with the help of a web based customized questionnaire and was sent to physiotherapists. Results. Most of the subjects were affirmative regarding EBP but did not have enough knowledge and expertise for its implementation. The chief barriers for EBP implementation was lack of time and the cost of information resources. Conclusions. Physiotherapists need to upgrade their perspective, knowledge, understanding and skills regarding EBP. Furthermore, EBP must be added to the academic curriculum for its early recognition among the medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Although many transcription factors and regulatory proteins have been identified and functionally characterized in light signaling pathways, photoperception to transcription remains largely fragmented. The Z-box is one of the LREs (Light responsive elements) that plays important role in the regulation of transcription during light-controlled Arabidopsis seedling development. The involvement of photoreceptors in the modulation of the activity of the Z-box containing promoters has been demonstrated. However, the role of downstream signaling components such as SPA1 and MYC2/ZBF1, which are functionally interrelated, remains unknown. In this study, we have investigated the regulation of the Z-box containing synthetic and native promoters by SPA1 and MYC2 by using stable transgenic lines. Our studies suggest that SPA1 negatively regulates the expression of CAB1 native promoter. MYC2 negatively regulates the activity of Z- and/or G-box containing synthetic as well as native promoters irrespective of light quality. Moreover, MYC2 negatively regulates the expression of Z/G-NOS101-GUS even in the darkness. Furthermore, analyses of tissue specific expression in adult plants suggest that MYC2 strongly regulates the activity of Z- and G-box containing promoters specifically in leaves and stems. In roots, whereas MYC2 positively regulates the activity of the Z-box containing synthetic promoter, it does not seem to control the activity of the G-box containing promoters. Taken together, these results provide insights into SPA1- and MYC2-mediated transcriptional regulation of the Z- and G-box containing promoters in light signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Telemedicine has revolutionized health care by significantly enhancing accessibility and convenience, yet barriers remain, such as providers' challenges with technology use. With advancements in telemedicine technologies, understanding the viewpoints of patients and providers is crucial for an effective and acceptable telemedicine service. This study reports the findings on the usability and effectiveness of the HelixVM artificial intelligence powered platform, analyzing key aspetcs like asynchronous health care, access, time efficiency, productivity, data exchange, security, privacy, and quality of care from patient and provider perspectives., Objective: This study aims to assess the usability and effectiveness of the HelixVM marketplace platform., Methods: We recruited 102 patients and 12 providers in a mixed methods study design involving surveys and in-depth structured interviews with a subset of the providers. The survey questionnaires are a modified version of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire. We analyzed patient data using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis to identify latent demographic patterns. For provider data, we used a deductive thematic analysis approach to identify key themes from the interviews and interpreted overall sentiments of the providers as negative, neutral, or positive. We also calculated percentages of different provider responses from the survey and interviews, where applicable., Results: Overall, 86.3% (88/102) of the patients reported satisfaction with HelixVM, and 89.2% (91/102) indicated that they would use the services again. A total of 91.1% (93/102) of the patients agreed that HelixVM improves access to health care and is an acceptable way to receive health care, and 98% (100/102) agreed it saves time. Chi-square tests demonstrated statistical significance for all survey questions (P<.001). The results from factor analysis show a higher propensity of middle-aged women, who had a fast-track encounter type, who self-reported a medium level of technology savviness, and who are residing in the South region of the United States rating the platform more positively. With regard to the providers, the thematic analysis identified themes of asynchronous medicine in terms of the accessibility and quality of care, time and productivity, integration within the workflow, data exchange, and artificial intelligence triage. Certain challenges regarding incomplete data in patient charts and its impact on provider time were cited. Suggestions for improvements included options to ensure the completeness of patient charts and better screening to ensure that only asynchronous, qualified patients are able to reach the provider., Conclusions: Overall, our study findings indicate a positive experience for patients and providers. The use of fast-track prescription was considered favorable compared to traditional telemedicine. Some concerns on data completeness, gaps, and accuracy exist. Suggestions are provided for improvement. This study adds to the knowledge base of existing literature and provides a detailed analysis of the real-world implementation of a telemedicine market-place platform., (©Ekta Jain, Srishti Gupta, Vandana Yadav, Stan Kachnowski. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 25.11.2024.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by infiltration of mast cells in various tissues like skin, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present a case report of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (pseudoxanthomatous type) in a neonate which is a rare presentation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Indian Journal of Dermatology.)

We study the velocity-force (V-F) relation for a Brownian ratchet consisting of a linear rigid polymer growing against a diffusing barrier, acted upon by a opposing constant force (F). Using a careful mathematical analysis, we derive the V-F relations in the extreme limits of fast and slow barrier diffusion. In the first case, V depends exponentially on the load F, in agreement with the well-known formula proposed by Peskin, Odell and Oster (1993), while the relationship becomes linear in the second case. For a bundle of two filaments growing against a common barrier, equal sharing of load in the corresponding V-F relation is predicted by a mean-field argument in both limits. However, the scaling behaviour of velocity with the number of filaments is different for the two cases. In the limit of large D, the validity of the mean-field approach is tested, and partially supported by a detailed and rigorous analysis. Our principal predictions are also verified in numerical simulations., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) protein is encoded by the PARP1 gene located on chromosome 1 (1q42.12) in human cells. It plays a crucial role in post-translational modification by adding poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) groups to various proteins and PARP1 itself by utilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) as a substrate. Since the discovery of PARP1, its role in DNA repair and cell death has been its identity. This is evident from an overwhelmingly high number of scientific reports in this regard. However, PARP1 also plays critical roles in inflammation, metabolism, tumor development and progression, chromatin modification and transcription, mRNA stability, and alternative splicing. In the present study, we attempted to compile all the scattered scientific information about this molecule, including the structure and multifunctional role of PARP1 in cancer and non-cancer diseases, along with PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis). Furthermore, for the first time, we have classified PARP1-mediated cell death for ease of understanding its role in cell death pathways., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2021.)

This study elucidated potential genetic variants and QTLs associated with clinical mastitis incidence traits in Bos indicus breed, Sahiwal. Estimated breeding values for the traits (calculated using Bayesian inference) were used as pseudo-phenotypes for association with genome-wide SNPs and further QTL regions underlying the traits were identified. In all, 25 SNPs were found to be associated with the traits at the genome-wide suggestive threshold ( p  ≤ 5 × 10 -4 ) and these SNPs were used to define QTL boundaries based on the linkage disequilibrium structure. A total of 16 QTLs were associated with the trait EBVs including seven each for clinical mastitis incidence (CMI) in first and second lactations and two for CMI in third lactation. Nine out of sixteen QTLs overlapped with the already reported QTLs for mastitis traits, whereas seven were adjudged as novel ones. Important candidates for clinical mastitis in the identified QTL regions included DNAJB9, ELMO1, ARHGAP26, NR3C1, CACNB2, RAB4A, GRB2, NUP85, SUMO2, RBPJ, and RAB33B genes. These findings shed light on the genetic architecture of the disease in Bos indicus , and present potential regions for fine mapping and downstream analysis in future., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestsAll the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2021.)

Leucas aspera (Wild.) Linn. (Family: Lamiaceae) is a commonly found weed throughout India, known for its pharmacological properties. Its white flowers and leaves are used in many Ayurvedic formulations for the treatment of chronic rheumatism, psoriasis, snake bites and skin eruptions (Prajapathi et al., 2010). During a survey of commercial flower crop fields in May 2018, a few L. aspera plants, growing as unwanted weeds in the fields and surrounding agricultural wastelands with the symptoms of phyllody, virescence and little leaves were observed in Emmekoppalu (12.2106, 76.2511; n= 1/26 plants) and Beerihundi (12.1630, 76.3225; n= 2/59 plants) localities of Mysuru district, and Srirangapatna in Mandya district (12.2541, 76.411; 1/67 plants), Karnataka- India(Figure 1). 'n' denotes the symptomatic/ asymptomatic samples observed. The disease incidence in the surveyed localities ranged less than four per cent. The total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaf midrib tissues of three representative symptomatic and two asymptomatic samples using the CTAB method. The phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene was amplified in nested PCR assay by P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primers using Long Amplification (LA) Taq polymerase (Takara, Japan). Additionally, the PCR assays were performed for the amplification of phytoplasma secA gene using the primers SecAfor1/SecArev3 and SecAfor2/SecArev3 (Hodgetts et al., 2008). The DNA templates from all the symptomatic samples generated amplicons of approximately 1.25kb (16S rRNA gene) and 480 bp (secA gene) revealing the association of phytoplasma strains. No amplifications were observed for the asymptomatic L. aspera samples. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences (MN223676, MT807111 and MZ093053) showed 97.96, 98.37 and 98.18 % sequence identity, respectively; with the 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia', strain 'WBDL (U15442) using EzBiocloud database. The NCBI-BLAST analysis revealed maximum identity to various Peanut witches' Broom (PWB) phytoplasma strains. The virtual RFLP tool, iPhyClassifier delineated the Leucas phyllody phytoplasma strains (MN223676, MT807111 and MZ093053) to group 16SrII (PWB, Peanut Witches' broom group) subgroup D with the similarity coefficient 1.0 (Zhao et al. 2009). The obtained secA gene sequences (MZ151944, MZ151945 and MZ151946) were 98.15 to 100 % similar to the strain sequences of PWB phytoplasma strains. Further, the clustering pattern in the phylogenetic trees (16S rRNA and secA genes) constructed using MEGA 7 confirmed that the Leucas phyllody phytoplasma sequences were closely related to PWB strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma with the phyllody disease of L. aspera. In India, many weeds and wild plants serve as alternative hosts of PWB phytoplasmas and aid in the emergence of related diseases in economically important crops (Thorat et al., 2016; Thorat et al., 2017). The close genetic association of phytoplasma strains found in L. aspera and many other crops indicates the presence of common insect vector(s) transmitting these phytoplasmas (Yadav et al. 2015). This report is an addition to the catalogue of the weed species harboring phytoplasma strains associated with economically important crop plants (Rao et al., 2017). The screening of phytoplasma strains in weeds, alternate hosts and known/ unknown insect vectors is therefore essential to develop management strategies and effective management of phytophagous insect vectors feeding on both weeds and crop plants.

The 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the carcinogenic pollutants listed by US EPA and has been detected in industrial wastewater. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of 4-NP with TiO 2 and boron (B)-doped TiO 2 nanostructures. The degradation on undoped and B-doped TiO 2 with various boron loadings (1-7%) was studied to establish a relationship between structure, interface, and photo-catalytic properties. The results of XRD, micro Raman, FTIR, and HRTEM show that the B doping has improved the crystallinity and induces rutile phase along with anatase (major phase). The N 2 adsorption-desorption, SEM-EDX, and XPS indicated that the B induced the formation of mesoporous nanostructures in TiO 2 and occupies interstitial sites by forming Ti-O-B type linkage. The surface area of pure TiO 2 was decreased from 235.4 to 63.3 m 2 /g in B-TiO 2 . The photo-physical properties were characterized by UV-Vis DRS, which showed decrease in the optical band-gap of pure TiO 2 (2.98 eV) to B-TiO 2 (2.95 eV). The degradation results demonstrated that the B doping improved the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 ; however, this improvement depends on the B concentration in doped TiO 2 . B-doped TiO 2 (> 5% B) showed 90 % degradation of 4-NP, whereas the undoped TiO 2 can degrade only 79 % of 4-NP. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with rate constant values of 0.006 min -1 and 0.0322 min -1 for pure TiO 2 and B-TiO 2 respectively. The existence of a reduced form of Ti 3+ on the surface of TiO 2 (as evidence from XPS) was found responsible for enhancement in photocatalytic activity.

The hormone auxin regulates growth largely by affecting gene expression. By studying Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) mutants deficient in AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs), we have identified three ARF proteins that are required for auxin-responsive hypocotyl elongation. Plants deficient in these factors have reduced responses to environmental conditions that increase auxin levels, including far-red-enriched light and high temperature. Despite having decreased auxin responses, the ARF-deficient plants responded to brassinosteroid and gibberellin, indicating that different hormones can act partially independently. Aux/IAA proteins, encoded by IAA genes, interact with ARF proteins to repress auxin response. Silencing expression of multiple IAA genes increased hypocotyl elongation, suggesting that Aux/IAA proteins modulate ARF activity in hypocotyls in a potential negative feedback loop., (© 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.)

Background: Various root canal systems are available commercially with each manufacturer stating superior characteristics of their respective systems. Fifth generation root canal systems claim to have better flexibility and superior debris elimination due to their offset design. This study aims to compare the effects of fifth generation rotary systems on canal curvature, transportation and centering ratio of curved mesial root canals of mandibular molar via cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging., Materials and Methods: A total of 60 mandibular first molars with an angle of curvature ranging from 20 to 40° of the mesiobuccal root were divided into three groups with 20 canals each. Before instrumentation, the groups were balanced with respect to the angle and radius of canal curvature based on CBCT images taken. All root canals were shaped to an apical size of 25: OneShape (OS) (Micro Mega, Besancon, France), ProTaper Next X2 (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer), Revo S(RS) (Micro Mega, Besancon, France). CBCT assessment was done post instrumentation. SPSS version 16 software was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at P = 0.05., Results: The OS system maintained better canal centricity and less transportation as compared to PTN and RS. There was no significant difference among the three groups in canal curvature after instrumentation., Conclusions: All file systems used straightened the root canal curvature similarly. OS instrumentation exhibited superior performance compared with the RS and PTN systems with respect to transportation and centering ratio.