184 results on '"Zhang, Leying"'
Search Results
152. Development of Spatiotemporal Source-Sink, Stratified Nitrogen Water Quality Model
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Zhang, Leying, primary, Yu, Kwisun Park, additional, and Yoon, Jaewan, additional
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- 2007
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153. Cell selective cAMP induction of rat CYP1B1 in adrenal and testis cells. Identification of a novel cAMP-responsive far upstream enhancer and a second Ah receptor-dependent mechanism
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Zheng, Wenchao, primary, Brake, Paul B, additional, Bhattacharyya, Kalyan K, additional, Zhang, Leying, additional, Zhao, Dong, additional, and Jefcoate, Colin R, additional
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- 2003
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154. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulation of Cytochrome P4501B1 in Rat Mammary Fibroblasts: Evidence for Transcriptional Repression by Glucocorticoids
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Brake, Paul B., primary, Zhang, Leying, additional, and Jefcoate, Colin R., additional
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- 1998
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155. Characterization of the Mouse Cyp1B1 Gene
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Zhang, Leying, primary, Savas, Üzen, additional, Alexander, David L., additional, and Jefcoate, Colin R., additional
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- 1998
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156. Mapping sequence specific DNA-protein interactions: a versatile, quantitative method and its application to transcription factor XF1 1 1Edited by M. Yaniv
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Luo, Bo, primary, Perry, David J., additional, Zhang, Leying, additional, Kharat, Indira, additional, Basic, Mirjana, additional, and Fagan, John B., additional
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- 1997
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157. Complement regulation in ovine lymph nodes during early pregnancy.
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Zhang, Leying, Cao, Lidong, Feng, Pengfei, Han, Xu, and Yang, Ling
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- *
LYMPH nodes , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *COMPLEMENT (Immunology) , *PREGNANCY , *MATERNALLY acquired immunity - Abstract
A fetus changes immune responses in the uterus and the maternal immune system, and lymph nodes are associated with regulating maternal adaptive immunity. Complement activation is associated with abnormal pregnancy in mice and humans. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression levels of complement components in maternal lymph nodes during early pregnancy in sheep. Maternal inguinal lymph nodes were sampled on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation in ewes. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression levels of complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4a, C5b and C9 in the lymph nodes. The results revealed that the protein and mRNA levels of C1q, C1s and C5b were enhanced during early pregnancy, and that C1r and C4a were upregulated at day 25 of pregnancy. The mRNA and protein levels of C2 and C9 peaked at day 16 of pregnancy, but C3 was decreased at day 25 of pregnancy. C3 protein was located in the subcapsular sinuses and lymph sinuses of the maternal lymph node. In summary, the present study detected changes in the expression levels of complement components in maternal lymph nodes, which may be associated with maternal immune regulation during early pregnancy in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
158. Aryl hydrocarbon-induced interactions at multiple DNA elements of diverse sequence—a multicomponent mechanism for activation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) gene transcription
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Robertson, Richard W., primary, Zhang, Leying, additional, Pasco, David S., additional, and Fagan, John B., additional
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- 1994
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159. S100B attenuates microglia activation in gliomas: Possible role of STAT3 pathway.
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Zhang, Leying, Liu, Wei, Alizadeh, Darya, Zhao, Dongchang, Farrukh, Omar, Lin, Jeffrey, Badie, Sam A., and Badie, Behnam
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- 2011
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160. Mapping sequence specific DNA-protein interactions: a versatile, quantitative method and its application to transcription factor XF111Edited by M. Yaniv
- Author
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Luo, Bo, Perry, David J., Zhang, Leying, Kharat, Indira, Basic, Mirjana, and Fagan, John B.
- Abstract
We have developed a method for the qantitative, exhaustivesequencespecificitydeterminationof DNA-binding proteins. The QuESSD method overcomes the limitations inherent in other published in vitroselection methods, not only defining the consensus sequence, but also quantifying the effect on DNA-protein affinity of replacing each base in the recognition domain with every other base. The features distinguishing this method from other in vitroselection approaches are: (1) instead of synthesizing one target oligonucleotide population containing a long randomized domain, we synthesize several oligonucleotide populations, each randomized at two positions. (2) Instead of carrying out several cycles of selection and amplification, we carry out a single cycle. (3) We have developed data collection and analysis procedures that eliminate artifacts and allow generation of quantitative results. The QuESSD method yields accurate measures of: (a) the selectivity of the protein for each base at each position within the recognition domain (normalized relative selectivity), (b) the contributions of individual sites within the recognition domain to the binding affinity (selectivity variance), (c) the relative binding affinity of any given sequence (global selectivity). We confirmed results by (1) tabulating directly the frequency of appearance of individual species in the pool of protein-bound oligonucleotides by cloning and sequencing individual oligonucleotides, and (2) competition EMSA analysis of oligonucleotides designed on the basis of QuESSD data. We have used this method to map the sequence specificity of the nuclear protein XF1 and to distinguish the sequence specificities of XF1 and the AH receptor complex, both of which bind to XRE1, a xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) located upstream of the CYP1A1 gene. Using data obtained by the QuESSD method, we designed oligonucleotides specific for XF1 or for the AH receptor, and prepared CAT reporter gene constructs carrying these oligonucleotides, or wild-type XRE1, upstream of a minimal promoter. Transfection studies using these constructs indicated that XF1 can function as a weak activator of basal transcription, and can, under some circumstances, compete with the AH receptor for binding to XRE1.
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- 1997
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161. Pregnancy influences expression of interferon-stimulated genes, progesterone receptor and progesterone-induced blocking factor in ovine thyroid.
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Cao J, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Cai J, Zhang L, and Yang L
- Abstract
Objective: Embryonic interferon-tau (IFNT) and progesterone affect expression of interferonstimulated genes (ISGs), progesterone receptor (PGR) and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in the ovine thyroid., Methods: Thyroids of ewes were sampled at day 16 of nonpregnancy, days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of ISGs, PGR, and PIBF., Results: Free ISG15 protein was undetected, but ISG15 conjugated proteins upregulated at day 16 of pregnancy, and expression levels of ISG15 conjugated proteins, PGR isoform (70 kDa), PIBF, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 and myxovirusresistance protein 1 peaked, but expression level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 was the lowest at day 16 of pregnancy. In addition, the expression levels of PGR isoform (70 kDa) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) decreased, but levels of PGR isoform (43 kDa), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, IP-10 and MX1 increased at day 25 of pregnancy comparing with day 16 of the estrous cycle., Conclusion: Early pregnancy affects expression of ISGs, PGR, and PIBF in maternal thyroid through IFNT and progesterone, which may regulate thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid hormone secretion in ewes.
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- 2024
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162. Quantification of Central and Eastern China's atmospheric CH 4 enhancement changes and its contributions based on machine learning approach.
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Ai X, Hu C, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Zhang J, Chen X, Bai G, and Xiao W
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- Animals, China, Methane analysis
- Abstract
Methane is the second largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas, and changes in atmospheric methane concentrations can reflect the dynamic balance between its emissions and sinks. Therefore, the monitoring of CH
4 concentration changes and the assessment of underlying driving factors can provide scientific basis for the government's policy making and evaluation. China is the world's largest emitter of anthropogenic methane. However, due to the lack of ground-based observation sites, little work has been done on the spatial-temporal variations for the past decades and influencing factors in China, especially for areas with high anthropogenic emissions as Central and Eastern China. Here to quantify atmospheric CH4 enhancements trends and its driving factors in Central and Eastern China, we combined the most up-to-date TROPOMI satellite-based column CH4 (xCH4 ) concentration from 2018 to 2022, anthropogenic and natural emissions, and a random forest-based machine learning approach, to simulate atmospheric xCH4 enhancements from 2001 to 2018. The results showed that (1) the random forest model was able to accurately establish the relationship between emission sources and xCH4 enhancement with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.89 and a root mean-square error (RMSE) of 11.98 ppb; (2)The xCH4 enhancement only increased from 48.21±2.02 ppb to 49.79±1.87 ppb from the year of 2001 to 2018, with a relative change of 3.27%±0.13%; (3) The simulation results showed that the energy activities and waste treatment were the main contributors to the increase in xCH4 enhancement, contributing 68.00% and 31.21%, respectively, and the decrease of animal ruminants contributed -6.70% of its enhancement trend., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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163. Maternal nutrient metabolism in the liver during pregnancy.
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Fang H, Li Q, Wang H, Ren Y, Zhang L, and Yang L
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- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Growth Hormone metabolism, Glucagon metabolism, Nutrients, Liver metabolism, Insulin metabolism
- Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in nutrient metabolism, and correct hepatic adaptations are required in maternal nutrient metabolism during pregnancy. In this review, hepatic nutrient metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and protein and amino acid metabolism, is first addressed. In addition, recent progress on maternal hepatic adaptations in nutrient metabolism during pregnancy is discussed. Finally, the factors that regulate hepatic nutrient metabolism during pregnancy are highlighted, and the factors include follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, prostaglandins fibroblast growth factor 21, serotonin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, melatonin, adrenal hormone, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin glucagon and thyroid hormone. Our vision is that more attention should be paid to liver nutrient metabolism during pregnancy, which will be helpful for utilizing nutrient appropriately and efficiently, and avoiding liver diseases during pregnancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Fang, Li, Wang, Ren, Zhang and Yang.)
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- 2024
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164. Review of the therapeutic potential of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system: Active ingredients and mechanisms of action.
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Zhang L, Lang F, Feng J, and Wang J
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- Fruit chemistry, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, PPAR gamma, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Central Nervous System metabolism, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acetylcholinesterase, NF-kappa B
- Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional Chinese medicine has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway advantages in treating various diseases. Forsythiae Fructus, derived from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is one such traditional Chinese medicine with numerous in vivo and ex vivo therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Forsythiae Fructus contains more than 200 chemical constituents, with forsythiaside, forsythiaside A, forsythiaside B, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, and phillyrin being the most active ingredients. Forsythiae Fructus exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway., Aim of the Study: This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system and summarize the current knowledge on the active ingredients of Forsythiae Fructus and their effects on different pathways involved in neuroprotection., Materials and Methods: In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, local dissertations and books) up until June 2023 using key terms such as Forsythia suspensa, Forsythiae Fructus, forsythiaside, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, phillyrin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, aging, and herpes simplex virus encephalitis., Results: Our findings indicate that Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients own therapeutic effects on the central nervous system by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, the gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway., Conclusion: Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients have demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties. Future in vivo and clinical studies of Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients should be conducted to establish precise dosage and standard guidelines for a more effective application in the treatment of neurological disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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165. Effects of bisphenol A and tauroursodeoxycholic acid on maturation of porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic development of embryos.
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Yang L, Zhang Q, Cui M, Zhang L, and Ma Y
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- Animals, Swine embryology, Female, Gene Expression drug effects, Blastocyst drug effects, Mitochondria drug effects, Phenols toxicity, Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid pharmacology, Oocytes drug effects, Parthenogenesis drug effects, Benzhydryl Compounds pharmacology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques, Apoptosis drug effects, Embryonic Development drug effects, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress drug effects
- Abstract
Prolonged exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) has adverse effects on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, but treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can improve the IVM and development of embryos. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BPA and both BPA and TUDCA on IVM and parthenogenetic development of embryos. The results showed that BPA treatment adverse effects on the cumulus expansion index, survival rate, polar body rate, mitochondrial distribution of the oocytes after maturation culture, and that it also decreased the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of embryos after parthenogenetic develpoment. In addition, BPA treatment upregulated expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, while it decreased expression of genes related to cumulus expansion. However, the supplementation of TUDCA relieved these adverse effects of BPA except polar body rate, blastocyst rate, and expression of BCL2 and PTGS1. In conclusion, the supplementation of TUDCA can partly attenuate the negative effects of BPA on IVM and parthenogenetic development of embryos, possibly by modification of the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and cumulus expansion, intracellular ROS level, and mitochondrial distribution., (© 2024 Japanese Society of Animal Science.)
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- 2024
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166. Regulation of IkappaB Protein Expression by Early Gestation in the Thymus of Ewes.
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Meng Y, Yang Z, Quan Y, Zhao S, Zhang L, and Yang L
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The thymus is an essential component of maternal immune systems that play key roles in recognizing the placenta as immunologically foreign. The inhibitor of the NF-κB (IκB) family has essential effects on the NF-κB pathway; however, it is unclear whether early pregnancy modulates the expression of the IκB family in the thymus. In this study, maternal thymuses were sampled on day 16 of nonpregnancy and different gestation stages in the ovine, and the expression of IκB proteins was analyzed. The data showed that B cell leukemia-3 and IκBβ increased; however, IκBα, IκBε, and IKKγ deceased during gestation. Furthermore, there was an increase in IκBNS and IκBζ expression values on day 13 of pregnancy; however, this decreased on day 25 of gestation. In summary, the expression of the IκB family was modulated in the thymus during early gestation, suggesting that the maternal thymus can be associated with maternal immunologic tolerance and pregnancy establishment in ewes.
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- 2023
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167. Maternal hepatic immunology during pregnancy.
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Yang L, Meng Y, Shi Y, Fang H, and Zhang L
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- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Fatty Liver, Pre-Eclampsia, Cholestasis, Intrahepatic, Hyperemesis Gravidarum complications
- Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in immunologic responses, and correct hepatic adaptations in maternal immunology are required during pregnancy. In this review, we focus on anatomical and immunological maternal hepatic adaptations during pregnancy, including our recent reports in this area. Moreover, we summarize maternal pregnancy-associated liver diseases, including hyperemesis gravidarum; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; preeclampsia, specifically hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome; and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. In addition, the latest information about the factors that regulate hepatic immunology during pregnancy are reviewed for the first time, including human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, insulin like growth factor 1, oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal hormone, prolactin, melatonin and prostaglandins. In summary, the latest progress on maternal hepatic anatomy and immunological adaptations, maternal pregnancy-associated diseases and the factors that regulate hepatic immunology during pregnancy are discussed, which may be used to prevent embryo loss and abortion, as well as pregnancy-associated liver diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yang, Meng, Shi, Fang and Zhang.)
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- 2023
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168. Changes in expression levels of Nod-like receptors in the spleen of ewes.
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Wu J, Fang S, Feng P, Cai C, Zhang L, and Yang L
- Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD-like receptors, NLRs) have critical effects on interfaces of the immune and reproductive systems, and the spleen plays a key role in both innate and adaptive immune functions. It is hypothesized that NLR family participates in maternal splenic immune regulation during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, maternal spleens were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation (n = 6 for each group) in ewes. Expression of NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, class II transactivator (CIITA), NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich repeat and Pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3 and NLRP7, was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results revealed that expression levels of NOD1, NOD2, CIITA and NLRP3 were downregulated at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy, but expression of NLRP3 was increased at day 25 of pregnancy. In addition, expression values of NAIP and NLRP7 mRNA and proteins were improved at days 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and NLRP1 was peaked at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy in the maternal spleen. Furthermore, NOD2 and NLRP7 proteins were limited to the capsule, trabeculae and splenic cords. In summary, early pregnancy changes expression of NLR family in the maternal spleen, which may be related with the maternal splenic immunomodulation during early pregnancy in sheep., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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- 2023
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169. Expression of IkappaB Family in the Ovine Liver during Early Pregnancy.
- Author
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Cai C, Ren Y, Cao J, Fang S, Zhang L, and Yang L
- Abstract
During normal pregnancy, there is a dynamic regulation of the maternal immune system, including the liver, to accommodate the presence of the allogeneic foetus in the uterus. However, it was unclear that the expression of the IkappaB (IκB) family was regulated in the ovine maternal liver during early pregnancy. In this study, sheep livers were collected at day 16 of the oestrous cycle (NP16), and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation (DP13, DP16 and DP25), and RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyse the expression of the IκB family, including B cell leukemia-3 (BCL-3), IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε, IKKγ, IκBNS and IκBζ. The results revealed that expression of BCL-3, IκBβ, IκBε and IKKγ peaked at DP16, and the expression of IκBα was increased during early pregnancy. In addition, the expression of IκBζ peaked at DP13 and DP16, and IκBNS peaked at DP13. IκBβ and IKKγ proteins were located in the endothelial cells of the proper hepatic arteries and portal veins, and hepatocytes. In conclusion, early pregnancy changed the expression of the IκB family, suggesting that the modulation of the IκB family may be related to the regulation of maternal hepatic functions, which may be favourable for pregnancy establishment in sheep.
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- 2023
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170. Early Pregnancy Regulates Expression of IkappaB Family in Ovine Spleen and Lymph Nodes.
- Author
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Fang S, Cai C, Bai Y, Zhang L, and Yang L
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- Pregnancy, Female, Animals, Sheep, NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha genetics, NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha metabolism, Spleen metabolism, Lymph Nodes metabolism
- Abstract
Early pregnancy modulates the maternal immune system, including the spleen and lymph nodes, which participate in maternal innate and adaptive immune responses. Methods: Ovine spleens and lymph nodes were sampled at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation, and qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyze the expression of the IκB family, including BCL-3, IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε, IKKγ, IκBNS and IκBζ. Early pregnancy induced expression of BCL-3, IκBα, IκBε, IKKγ and IκBζ, and expression of BCL-3, IκBβ and IκBNS peaked at day 16 of pregnancy in the spleen. However, early pregnancy suppressed the expression of BCL-3 and IκBNS, but stimulated the expression of IκBβ and IκBζ, and expression levels of IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε and IKKγ peaked in lymph nodes at days 13 and/or 16 of pregnancy. Early pregnancy changed the expression of the IκB family in the maternal spleen and lymph node in a tissue-specific manner, suggesting that the modulation of the IκB family may be involved in regulation of maternal functions of the spleen and lymph nodes, which are necessary for the establishment of maternal immune tolerance during early pregnancy in sheep.
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- 2023
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171. Modulation of Nod-like Receptor Expression in the Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes.
- Author
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Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Cai J, Zhao S, and Yang L
- Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD-like receptors, NLRs) are involved in modulating the innate immune responses of the trophoblast and the placenta in normal pregnancy. The thymus participates in regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it is unclear whether expression of NLR is modulated in the maternal thymus during early pregnancy. In this study, thymuses were sampled at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation ( n = 6 for each group) from ewes after slaughter. Different stages were chosen because the maternal thymus was under the different effects of interferon-tau and/or progesterone or not. RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyze the expression of the NLR family, including NOD1; NOD2; major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA); NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP); nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and Leucine-rich repeat and Pyrin domain containing protein 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3 and NLRP7. The results showed that expression level of NOD1 was changed with the pregnancy stages, and expression levels of NOD2, CIITA, NAIP, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP7 mRNA and proteins were peaked at day 13 of pregnancy. The levels of NOD2 and CIITA were increased during early pregnancy. The stainings for NOD2 and NLRP7 proteins were located in epithelial reticular cells, capillaries and thymic corpuscles. In summary, pregnancy stages changed expression of NLR family in the maternal thymus, which may be related to the modulation of maternal thymic immune responses, and beneficial for normal pregnancy in sheep.
- Published
- 2022
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172. Early Pregnancy Modulates Expression of the Nod-like Receptor Family in Lymph Nodes of Ewes.
- Author
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Cao J, Fang H, Zhang L, and Yang L
- Abstract
NOD receptors (NLRs) mediate adaptive immune responses and immune tolerance. Nevertheless, it is not clear if gestation modulates the NLR signaling pathway in lymph nodes of ewes. In this study, lymph nodes of ewes were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation ( n = 6 for each group). RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyze the expression of the NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, CIITA, NAIP, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP7. The data showed that early gestation enhanced expression of NOD1, CIITA, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP7 mRNA, as well as proteins at day 16 of gestation, and the expression levels of NOD2, CIITA, NLRP1 and NLRP7 were higher at days 13 and 25 of gestation than day 16 of the estrous cycle. However, NOD1 expression was lower on days 13 and 25 of gestation compared to day 16 of the estrous cycle, and early gestation suppressed NAIP expression. In summary, early pregnancy modulated expression of the NLR family in ovine lymph nodes, which participates in immune regulation, and this modulation may be necessary for pregnancy establishment in ewes.
- Published
- 2022
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173. Changes in expression of nuclear factor kappa B subunits in the ovine thymus during early pregnancy.
- Author
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Yang L, Cai C, Fang S, Hao S, Zhang T, and Zhang L
- Subjects
- Sheep genetics, Animals, Female, Pregnancy, Thymus Gland metabolism, RNA, Messenger, NF-kappa B metabolism, NF-kappa B p52 Subunit metabolism
- Abstract
There is a pregnant maternal immunological tolerance that protects the fetus and promotes its growth, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family participates in the regulation of innate immune and adaptive immune responses. The thymus is related to establishing central tolerance, and early pregnancy has effects on expression of a good number of genes and proteins in the maternal thymus in sheep. However, it is unclear whether early pregnancy changes expression of NF-κB subunits in the ovine thymus. In this study, the thymic samples were collected from day 16 of non-pregnant ewes, and days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnant ewes, and the expression of NF-κB members (NF-κB1, NF-κB2, RelA, RelB and c-Rel) was analyzed through real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that c-Rel mRNA and protein upregulated at day 25 of pregnancy, and NF-κB1 mRNA and proteins increased at days 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and RelB mRNA and proteins enhanced during early pregnancy. However, expression levels of NF-κB2 and RelA were decreased during early pregnancy, but upregulated from day 13 to 25 of pregnancy. In addition, the RelA protein was located in the epithelial reticular cells, capillaries and thymic corpuscles. This paper reported for the first time that early pregnancy induced expression of NF-κB1, RelB and c-Rel, but inhibited expression of NF-κB2 and RelA in the maternal thymus during early pregnancy, which is involved in the central immune tolerance, and helpful for successful pregnancy in sheep., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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174. Anthropogenic CO 2 emission reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nanchang City, China.
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Hu C, Griffis TJ, Xia L, Xiao W, Liu C, Xiao Q, Huang X, Yang Y, Zhang L, and Hou B
- Subjects
- Bayes Theorem, Carbon Dioxide analysis, China epidemiology, Humans, Pandemics, COVID-19
- Abstract
China is the largest CO
2 emitting country on Earth. During the COVID-19 pandemic, China implemented strict government control measures on both outdoor activity and industrial production. These control measures, therefore, were expected to significantly reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, large discrepancies still exist in the estimated anthropogenic CO2 emission reduction rate caused by COVID-19 restrictions, with values ranging from 10% to 40% among different approaches. Here, we selected Nanchang city, located in eastern China, to examine the impact of COVID-19 on CO2 emissions. Continuous atmospheric CO2 and ground-level CO observations from January 1st to April 30th, 2019 to 2021 were used with the WRF-STILT atmospheric transport model and a priori emissions. And a multiplicative scaling factor and Bayesian inversion method were applied to constrain anthropogenic CO2 emissions before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We found a 37.1-40.2% emission reduction when compared to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the same period in 2019. Carbon dioxide emissions from the power industry and manufacturing industry decreased by 54.5% and 18.9% during the pandemic period. The power industry accounted for 73.9% of total CO2 reductions during COVID-19. Further, emissions in 2021 were 14.3-14.9% larger than in 2019, indicating that economic activity quickly recovered to pre-pandemic conditions., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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175. Selection of early pregnancy specific proteins and development a rapid immunochromatographic test strip in cows.
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Han X, Wang S, Ren Y, Lin T, Zhang L, and Yang L
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Chromatography, Affinity methods, Chromatography, Affinity veterinary, Female, Gold Colloid chemistry, Insemination, Artificial veterinary, Interferons, Pregnancy, Complement C1q, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
- Abstract
The most of embryo losses occur before the day 16 after artificial insemination, but there is no low cost and easy operation that can detect pregnancy with high accuracy within three weeks post-insemination in cattle. In this study, blood samples were collected at day 18 of the estrous cycle, and days 18, 25 and 35 of pregnancy, and relative levels of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), Toll-like receptor (TLRs), complement components, early pregnancy factor (EPF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) proteins were analyzed through Western blot. In addition, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was developed using the selected antibody, and the test was used for early pregnancy diagnosis. The results showed that there were changes in relative levels of plasma ISGs, TLRs, complement components, EPF and PAPPA proteins during early pregnancy in cattle, and complement component 1q (C1q) could be used as an ideal marker to develop a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip for early pregnancy diagnosis. In addition, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by this test strip was 91.67% (11/12) for pregnant cows and 80% (8/10) nonpregnant cows at day 18 after insemination. In conclusion, the changes in plasma ISGs, TLRs, complement components, EPF and PAPPA proteins may be related to the maternal systemic immune modulation during early pregnancy, and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was developed for early pregnancy diagnosis using C1q as the ideal marker in cows. However, this colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip needs further studies to improve the accuracy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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176. Expression of nuclear factor kappa B in ovine maternal inguinal lymph nodes during early pregnancy.
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Zhang L, Zhang T, Yang Z, Cai C, Hao S, and Yang L
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Lower Extremity, Pregnancy, Sheep, Lymph Nodes, NF-kappa B metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-induced immunological changes contribute to the maternal immune tolerance. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway participates in regulating both innate and adaptive immunities, and lymph nodes play key roles in adaptive immune reaction. However, it is unclear whether early pregnancy changes the expression of NF-κB family in maternal lymph node in sheep., Methods: In this study, the samples of inguinal lymph nodes were collected from ewes on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and expression of NF-κB family, including NF-κB p105 (NFKB1), NF-κB p100 (NFKB2), p65 (RELA), RelB (RELB) and c-Rel (REL), were analyzed through real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis., Results: The expression levels of NF-κB p105 and c-Rel downregulated, but NF-κB p100 upregulated on day 25 of pregnancy. The expression levels of p65, RelB and c-Rel peaked at day 13 of pregnancy, and expression level of RelB was higher during early pregnancy comparing to day 16 of the estrous cycle. In addition, p65 protein was located in the subcapsular sinus and lymph sinuses., Conclusion: This paper reported for the first time that early pregnancy has effects on the expression of NF-κB family, which may contribute to the maternal immunoregulation through blood circulation and lymph circulation during early pregnancy in sheep., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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177. RAGE Inhibitors as Alternatives to Dexamethasone for Managing Cerebral Edema Following Brain Tumor Surgery.
- Author
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Liu S, Song Y, Zhang IY, Zhang L, Gao H, Su Y, Yang Y, Yin S, Zheng Y, Ren L, Yin HH, Pillai R, Nath A, Medina EF, Cosgrove PA, Bild AH, and Badie B
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Injuries complications, Dexamethasone therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Brain Edema drug therapy, Brain Edema etiology, Brain Neoplasms surgery, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Resection of brain tumors frequently causes injury to the surrounding brain tissue that exacerbates cerebral edema by activating an inflammatory cascade. Although corticosteroids are often utilized peri-operatively to alleviate the symptoms associated with brain edema, they increase operative morbidities and suppress the efficacy of immunotherapy. Thus, novel approaches to minimize cerebral edema caused by neurosurgical procedures will have significant utility in the management of patients with brain tumors. We have studied the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands on inflammatory responses to neurosurgical injury in mice and humans. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation were characterized by Nanostring, flow cytometry, qPCR, and immunoblotting of WT and RAGE knockout mice brains subjected to surgical brain injury (SBI). Human tumor tissue and fluid collected from the resection cavity of patients undergoing craniotomy were also analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing and ELISA. Genetic ablation of RAGE significantly abrogated neuroinflammation and BBB disruption in the murine SBI model. The inflammatory responses to SBI were associated with infiltration of S100A9-expressing myeloid-derived cells into the brain. Local release of pro-inflammatory S100A9 was confirmed in patients following tumor resection. RAGE and S100A9 inhibitors were as effective as dexamethasone in attenuating neuroinflammation. However, unlike dexamethasone and S100A9 inhibitor, RAGE inhibition did not diminish the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioma-bearing mice. These observations confirm the role of the RAGE axis in surgically induced neuroinflammation and provide an alternative therapeutic option to dexamethasone in managing post-operative cerebral edema., (© 2022. The American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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178. Effects of early pregnancy on the complement system in the ovine thymus.
- Author
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang H, Feng P, Yang G, and Yang L
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Pregnancy, Sheep, Up-Regulation, Complement C1q metabolism, Epithelial Cells
- Abstract
The complement system is crucial for the innate immune system, and complement activation is related to abnormal pregnancy in mice and humans. It is hypothesized that the complement system participates in maternal thymic immune regulation during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, maternal thymuses were sampled on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation in sheep. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to analyze the expression of the complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4a, C5b and C9 in the maternal thymus. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of C1r, C1s, C2, C3 and C4a was inhibited by early pregnancy, and the pregnancy recognition signal induced upregulation of C1q, C5b and C9 expression at day 16 of gestation. Furthermore, C3 protein was mostly located in epithelial reticular cells and thymic corpuscles, which may be involved in immune regulation. In summary, early pregnancy inhibits the complement system in the maternal thymus, which may be essential for the maternal immune regulation and successful pregnancy in sheep., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2022
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179. Targeting PUS7 suppresses tRNA pseudouridylation and glioblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Cui Q, Yin K, Zhang X, Ye P, Chen X, Chao J, Meng H, Wei J, Roeth D, Li L, Qin Y, Sun G, Zhang M, Klein J, Huynhle M, Wang C, Zhang L, Badie B, Kalkum M, He C, Yi C, and Shi Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinogenesis genetics, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Humans, Mice, Pseudouridine genetics, RNA, Transfer genetics, Glioblastoma genetics, Intramolecular Transferases chemistry
- Abstract
Pseudouridine is the most frequent epitranscriptomic modification. However, its cellular functions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that pseudouridine synthase 7 (PUS7) is highly expressed in glioblastoma versus normal brain tissues, and high PUS7 expression levels are associated with worse survival in patients with glioblastoma. PUS7 expression and catalytic activity are required for glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, we identify PUS7 targets in GSCs through small RNA pseudouridine sequencing and show that pseudouridylation of PUS7-regulated transfer RNA is critical for codon-specific translational control of key regulators of GSCs. Moreover, we identify chemical inhibitors for PUS7 and show that these compounds prevent PUS7-mediated pseudouridine modification, suppress tumorigenesis and extend the life span of tumor-bearing mice. Overall, we identify an epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanism in glioblastoma and provide preclinical evidence of a potential therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
- Published
- 2021
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180. Early pregnancy affects the expression of toll-like receptor pathway in ovine thymus.
- Author
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Li N, Wang L, Cao N, Zhang L, Han X, and Yang L
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Gestational Age, Immune Tolerance genetics, Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases genetics, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 genetics, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger analysis, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 genetics, Thymus Gland chemistry, Toll-Like Receptor 2 genetics, Toll-Like Receptor 5 genetics, Gene Expression Regulation physiology, Sheep, Signal Transduction genetics, Thymus Gland metabolism, Toll-Like Receptors genetics
- Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participates in regulation of the maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy, and the thymus is critical for the adaptive immune system. This study hypothesized whether early pregnancy affected the expression of toll-like receptor pathway in the thymus of ewes. In this study, expression of TLRs, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) was detected in maternal thymus during early pregnancy in sheep. Ovine thymuses were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and expression of TLR members was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results revealed that there were decreases in the expression of the mRNA and proteins of TLR2, IRAK1, TRAF6 and MyD88, but increase in TLR5 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, expression of TLR3 and TLR4 proteins peaked at days 13 and 16 of gestation, and MyD88 protein was located in the epithelial reticular cells and thymic corpuscles. In summary, TLR signaling is implicated in regulation of maternal thymic immune, which may be via downregulation of TLR2, IRAK1, TRAF6 and MyD88 during early pregnancy in sheep., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2020
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181. Relative abundance of interferon-stimulated genes STAT1, OAS1, CXCL10 and MX1 in ovine lymph nodes during early pregnancy.
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Zhang L, Cao L, Yang F, Han X, Wang Y, Cao N, and Yang L
- Subjects
- 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase genetics, Animals, Chemokine CXCL10 genetics, Female, Gene Expression Regulation physiology, Lymph Nodes, Myxovirus Resistance Proteins genetics, Myxovirus Resistance Proteins metabolism, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, STAT1 Transcription Factor genetics, 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase metabolism, Chemokine CXCL10 metabolism, Interferons metabolism, Pregnancy, Animal physiology, STAT1 Transcription Factor metabolism, Sheep physiology
- Abstract
Lymph nodes have functions in the adaptive immune response, and interferon-tau (IFNT), a primary pregnancy recognition signal in domestic ruminants has effects on immune regulation. It, however, is unclear whether early pregnancy induces an increase in the abundance of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) mRNA transcripts and proteins in lymph nodes of sheep. In this study, lymph nodes were obtained on day 16 of the estrous cycle from non-pregnant ewes and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation from pregnant ewes, and the abundance of ISG mRNA transcripts, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS1), myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MX1) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted to assess relative abundance of proteins encoded by these genes. The results indicated that there was a larger abundance of STAT1 mRNA transcript and protein, and p-STAT1 protein in the maternal lymph node at days 16 and 25 of gestation, and that abundances of OAS1, MX1 and CXCL10 mRNA transcripts and protein were greatest on day 16 of gestations. In addition, STAT1 protein was located in the subcapsular sinus, lymph sinuses, B cells and T cells. The larger relative abundances of STAT1, p-STAT1, OAS1, MX1 and CXCL10 mRNA transcripts and/or protein in the lymph nodes of ewes may be associated with maternal immunoregulation through blood circulation and lymph circulation during early pregnancy., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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182. Effect of early pregnancy on the expression of prostaglandin synthases in the ovine thymus.
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Yang L, Lv W, Liu Y, Chen K, Xue J, Wang Q, Wang B, and Zhang L
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Female, Organ Size, Pregnancy, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases genetics, Thymus Gland anatomy & histology, Up-Regulation physiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic physiology, Pregnancy, Animal physiology, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases metabolism, Sheep physiology, Thymus Gland metabolism
- Abstract
Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, must adapt to the presence of fetal alloantigens. Prostaglandins (PGs) have diverse effects to activate or inhibit the immune response, but effects of early pregnancy on the expression of PG synthases in ovine maternal thymus are unclear. In this study, ovine thymic samples were obtained at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy. The expression of PG synthases, including cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), COX-2, PGE2 synthase (PTGES), and a prostaglandin F2α synthase (Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1, AKR1B1), was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, the thymus/body ratio was also calculated. Our results showed that the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, AKR1B1 mRNA and dimer were up-regulated on day 25 of pregnancy (P < 0.05), and expression of COX-1, PTGES mRNA and protein, AKR1B1 monomer and thymus/body ratio were similar at different stages of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the COX-2 and AKR1B1 proteins were located in the stromal cells, capillaries and thymic corpuscles. This is the first study to report that expression of COX-2 and AKR1B1 dimer is up-regulated in the maternal thymus during early pregnancy, suggesting that early pregnancy exerts its effects on maternal thymus, which is involved in immunomodulation during early pregnancy in sheep., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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183. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) synthesis, preparation, labeling, and functionalization.
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Kateb B, Yamamoto V, Alizadeh D, Zhang L, Manohara HM, Bronikowski MJ, and Badie B
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- Animals, Cell Line, Implants, Experimental, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nanotubes, Carbon ultrastructure, Plasmids genetics, RNA, Small Interfering metabolism, Nanotechnology methods, Nanotubes, Carbon chemistry, Staining and Labeling methods
- Abstract
Nanomedicine is a growing field with a great potential for introducing new generation of targeted and personalized drug. Amongst new generation of nano-vectors are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can be produced as single or multi-walled. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be fabricated as biocompatible nanostructures (cylindrical bulky tubes). These structures are currently under investigation for their application in nanomedicine as viable and safe nanovectors for gene and drug delivery. In this chapter, we will provide you with the necessary information to understand the synthesis of MWCNTs, functionalization, PKH26 labeling, RNAi, and DNA loading for in vitro experimentation and in vivo implantation of labeled MWCNT in mice as well as materials used in this experimentation. We used this technique to manipulate microglia as part of a novel application for the brain cancer immunotherapy. Our published data show this is a promising technique for labeling, and gene and drug delivery into microglia.
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
184. Carbon nanotube uptake and toxicity in the brain.
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Zhang L, Alizadeh D, and Badie B
- Subjects
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Brain metabolism, Cell Line, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nanotubes, Carbon chemistry, Tissue Distribution, Biocompatible Materials pharmacokinetics, Biocompatible Materials toxicity, Brain drug effects, Nanotubes, Carbon toxicity
- Abstract
The development of novel drug delivery systems is essential for the improvement of therapeutics for most human diseases. Currently used cellular delivery systems, such as viral vectors, liposomes, cationic lipids, and polymers, may have limited clinical efficacy because of safety issues, low gene transfer efficiency, or cytotoxicity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered much interest as possible biological vectors after the recent discovery of their capacity to penetrate cells. Inspite of the prominence of CNT studies in the nanotechnology literature, exploration of their application to central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics is at a very early stage. Before CNTs are used for treatment of brain and spinal cord disorders, however, several issues such as their CNS penetration and toxicity need to be addressed. Here, we discuss methods by which CNT uptake and toxicity can be assessed in animal models.
- Published
- 2010
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