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The technology and sophistication of social media is growing very fast, marketing is increasingly growing in proportion to the information needs of the community. Therefore we need an appropriate strategy to deliver information well, and be able to achieve success. The purpose of this study was to help MTS Al-Husna YPIHN in an effort to focus on new prospective students. The problem that occurs in marketing MTS Al-Husna YPIHN is the lack of effective media in delivering messages. The marketing used is only using a brochure, brochures and there is no media video profile that explains in full about the school profile, excellence, vision, mission, school achievements and school facilities. The method used is the method of data collection (Observation, Interview, Library Study) and the method of the Concept of Media Production (KPM). The results of this study were in the form of Vidio Profile of the MTS Al-Husna YPIHN school, which included all school profiles designed using Adobe Premier Pro and Adobe Photoshop software. Through the design of promotional media using this video profile will increase the interest of new prospective students to join MTS Al-Husna YPIHN every year and can be useful as a medium of information for the community.

The role of promotion in introducing various educational institutions especially at universities is very important, so that the public can get to know the message conveyed. This is evidenced by the growing type of promotion applied at several universities today, such as promotional videos, company profile videos, banners, brochures and others. With the various types of promotions, a university has a wider opportunity to be known by the public. Likewise with Raharja University, one of which has a type of Student Get Student (SGS) scholarship promotion. Raharja University is a private university with a concentration in management and computer science teaching located in Cikokol, Tangerang City. However, the SGS program still does not have its own promotional video. Therefore the SGS promotional video is needed so that the SGS program is increasingly known, especially by Raharja Students themselves and interested in joining the SGS scholarship program. By applying data collection methods and stages of the concept of media production consisting of stages of pre-production, production and post-production. And also using supporting applications, Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 and Adobe After Effect CC 2017. Video This scholarship program SGS is expected to help the marketing department in increasing the target of new student admissions each year.

Educational games can be used as an effective learning method, especially for children, because children can gain knowledge in a fun way. Here the game is designed for young children to practice arithmetic and knowledge to separate organic and inorganic wastes. This game is based on Android using Construct 2 software, design using UML and Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC). At the end of the manufacturing process, software tests or tests consist of unit tests, integration tests and system tests. From the test results, the game "Math & Trash" can be run on several versions of Android with a variety of different screen sizes. The educational game "Math & Trash" is expected to have a positive impact on children on the importance of math subjects and the importance of protecting the surrounding environment.

— Education is one of the main foundations in shaping one's personality. Learning to pray must be instilled in children from an early age. Prayer is a weapon of believers, a pillar of religion, light in the sky and on earth. Prayers can prevent vile and morbid deeds. Prayers can be judged if they fulfill all the conditions and pillars. The obligation to perform prayer as well as by carrying out other obligations according to the Islamic Shari'ah. This research was conducted using the Adobe Flash application program, using the method of developing Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) software, the data collection method used in this study were Observation, Interview, and Library methods. From the results of this study, obtained an Interactive Animation of Five Times Prayer Learning using Adobe Flash CS6 as a learning vehicle for students and facilitating RA Ataufiq students at Cikarang in obtaining material information, especially for prayer learning.

The purpose of this research are : 1) knowing the process of developing interactive with using Adobe Flash CS3 Professional media, 2) knowing the effectiveness of interactive learning with using Adobe Flash CS3 Professional media, 3). knowing the ability of students' mathematical understanding after using the Adobe Flash CS3 Professional media. The type of research is Research and Development (R & D) with One-Group Pretest-Posttest. The research was conducted at Mardi Waluya 2 Sukabumi Junior High School in the 2018/2019 semester event. The writer take the population of this study is on VII class. The sample used simple random sampling and for the instruments used were validation questionnaires media and tests. Data analysis techniques are using the Likert scale for validation questionnaires media, using the T test to determine effectiveness, and N-Gain to determine the increase in students' mathematical understanding skills. Interactive learning media are valued by media experts and material experts, with the results obtained that are valid so that they can be used in learning. The results of the effectiveness test are Thit (8.78)> T table (1,699) with a significant level used which is 5%. With high criteria of N-Gain test results are 75.61. Based on the results of these studies, interactive learning with using Adobe Flash CS3 Professional media can be effective in learning and can improve students' of mathematical understanding skills.

Prototip koji prikazuje korisnički interfejs ima zadatak da simulira interakciju između korisnika i interfejsa, može da uštedeti velike količine novca i vremena koje bi bilo izgubljeno u razvoju pogrešnog interfejsa i pozadinske arhitekture. U radu su predstavljene teorijske osnove važnosti izrade prototipa, tehnike i alati za izradu. U praktičnom delu rada izrađen je prototip za aplikaciju koristeći softver Adobe Experiance Design.

The purpose of this experimental research was to establish optimal compositions for adobe-brick masonry, masonry mortar and plaster, such as the identification of treatments applied to the clay surface to improve its water resistance. The maximum values of mechanical resistances are obtained for mixture with clay, sand, and a solution of bones glue, flexural tensile strength is improved by adding hemp fibers. The thermal conductivity is improved by adding straw. The optimal mixture for mortar is clay and sand with grains of a maximum size 0-2 mm, admixed with lime. The surface treatment identified is by impregnation with linseed oil.

Resumen Las soluciones constructivas tradicionales y contemporáneas han demostrado tener serias limitaciones en la solución del déficit cualitativo y cuantitativo de la vivienda y el equipamiento, de igual manera, las evidencias del desempeño térmico son igualmente desalentadoras. Es por lo que se indaga sobre la capacidad de la tierra alivianada de brindar confort térmico en los edificios, considerando los diferentes climas del territorio peruano y comparándola con los sistemas constructivos más comunes en el medio: el adobe y la albañilería de ladrillo. A partir de la caracterización previa de las cualidades térmicas de los componentes y de la realización de simulaciones térmicas dinámicas, comparando el desempeño de diferentes prototipos digitales, se identificaron las virtudes de la tierra alivianada por el marcado equilibrio entre una masa térmica media y una conductividad térmica relativamente baja, siendo los únicos que logran cumplir con las exigencias de la actual norma peruana de eficiencia energética para el caso de los climas más fríos. Adicionalmente de destaca la composición a partir de materiales naturales, renovables y biodegradables que son ventajas ecológicas. Palabras clave: arquitectura bioclimática; arquitectura sostenible; climatización pasiva; confort térmico; inercia térmica; simulación térmica; sistema constructivo; transmitancia térmica Abstract Traditional and contemporary construction systems have shown serious limitations in the solution of the qualitative and quantitative deficit of housing and equipment, in the same way, the evidence of thermal performance is equally discouraging. That is why we inquire about the ability of the land relieved to provide thermal comfort in buildings, considering the different climates of the Peruvian territory and comparing it with the most common construction systems in the environment: adobe and brick masonry. From the previous characterization of the thermal qualities of the components and the realization of dynamic thermal simulations, comparing the performance of different digital prototypes, the virtues of the earth alleviated by the marked balance between a medium thermal mass and a conductivity were identified relatively low thermal, being the only ones that manage to meet the requirements of the current Peruvian energy efficiency standard in the case of colder climates. In addition, the composition from natural, renewable and biodegradable materials that are ecological advantages stands out. Keywords: bioclimatic architecture; sustainable architecture; passive air conditioning; Thermal comfort; thermal inertia; thermal simulation; construction system; thermal transmittance. Recibido: febrero 25 / 2019 Evaluado: septiembre 20 / 2019 Aceptado: noviembre 23 / 2019 Publicado en línea: noviembre de 2019 Actualizado: noviembre de 2019

In most research, scientists have been interested in the mechanical impact of sawdust on adobe bricks, mainly compressive strength. This present paper is devoted to the characterization of the thermal transport properties of clay-sawdust materials. To evaluate the thermal impact of sawdust on earthen building envelopes, clayey composites with different sawdust percentage additions were developed. The results show that sawdust positively affects the thermal properties of earthen blocks. Indeed, adding 10% of sawdust decreases the thermal conductivity of composites of 30% and improves the thermal resistance of earthen building envelopes of 31%, while reducing their density. Sawdust can therefore be used in smart lightweight brick manufacturing. The experimental results were used to analyze the thermodynamic behaviors of a residential building using Energy-Plus software. Findings results demonstrate that clay-sawdust composites can reduce the energy consumption of conventional and traditional residential buildings by 21% and 5.3%, respectively.

The adobe is a widely used traditional material in popular building construction in rural areas of Northeastern, Nigeria and more generally in African countries. In order to increase comfort and energy efficiency of buildings, it is necessary to better consider the thermal properties of the adobe. Adobes at different locations as a function of moisture content have been studied. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity were measured by means of a single probe method. Density was estimated by the ratio of mass to volume. The measured values of thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity of adobe soil are varying between 0.191 to 0.428 W/m K and 2.34 to 5.23 mK/W in the moisture content range 5-20% wet basis. However, the effect of moisture content increase by increasing the thermal conductivity and decreases the resistivity of soil samples. Regression analysis was carried out which could be used to reasonably estimate the values of the thermal conductivity and resistivity as a function of specified moisture content. For the adobe soils studied, thermal properties increased with increasing soil moisture content.

This paper presents a case study of the effect of adobe bricks stabilized with gypsum, sugarcane molasses and both combinations improving compressive strength. These bricks were produced by a hand-made process, which was empirical and had not been analysed before. All samples had the same unit weight and aspect ratio to obtain accurate data. An extensive series of test were conducted on adobe bricks stabilized with gypsum (5%, 10% and 15%), sugarcane molasses (5%, 10% and 15%), and gypsum in combination with sugarcane molasses (5%, 10% and 15%) which were cured for one month. The results of the tests have shown that the grain size distribution was not optimum, which meant that samples stabilized with gypsum or sugarcane molasses did not exceed the resistance of the control sample. The former increased the strength, but the later decreased. Despite this, the sample stabilized with 2.5% gypsum and 2.5% sugarcane molasses had the best strength (2.15 MPa). This case study can contribute to better understanding the compressive strength of stabilized adobe bricks, which depends on the percentage of the clay and sand fraction, the moisture content of the soil, and the percentage of stabilizer. In summary, natural stabilizers could be an environmental solution to improve mechanical behaviour.

Thermal resistance of wall constructions plays a key role in determining the cooling load of buildings especially in regions with extreme ambient temperatures. With the construction industry having several options for wall material, selection of the best alternative is mainly based upon their thermal resistance. Experimental data presently available on wall resistances are based on steady state measurements which are not real indicators of their performance. Onsite real time thermal performance data under summer conditions of four commonly used wall constructions in Saudi Arabia have been collected using experimental study in a test room maintained under similar conditions for all the wall. The time lag, decrement factor and their relative thermal resistance values indicate that Insulated brick walls and Adobe walls are the most suited candidates in terms of thermal performance for decreasing the cooling load. This study will help construction engineers to select the appropriate building wall material and also to estimate the air conditioning system capacity.

Presents an interview conducted with Liz Bond Crews. Crews began her career as a systems analyst in Los Angeles, CA, USA, for RCA. She soon joined the Xerox Electro-Optical Division in Pasadena, CA, where she led a group building special systems for National Geographic magazine, Ginn & Company, and University Microfilm. In her final position at Xerox, she licensed high-quality typeface designs from Mergenthaler Linotype, among others, for use on Xerox’s high-performance 9700 laser printer. In the early 1980s, the Adobe cofounder John Warnock recruited Crews to Adobe Systems, where her first task was to license high-quality typeface designs to be rendered as Adobe Type 1 fonts for PostScript printers. While at Adobe, she was responsible for bringing high-quality typography to the Adobe PostScript pagedescription language, running corporate marketing, hiring graphics designers, and putting Adobe on a firm footing with professional designers and printers, greatly enhancing the value of their product. After Adobe, she helped found Electronics for Imaging and, after some consulting, retired in 1993.

La intervención arqueológica preventiva dirigida en el año 2009 por M.L. Lavado puso al descubierto la existencia de un horno cerámico púnico y diversas fosas y testares en el área central de la actual ciudad de San Fernando (Cádiz), en el territorio insular meridional de la antigua Gadir/Gades. Este trabajo presenta un avance de los resultados del estudio de los materiales (esencialmente cerámicos) recuperados en la intervención, centrando la atención en los descubiertos en el interior del horno sobre la parrilla. Además de una clasificación tipológica y cronológica de estos contextos inéditos, que permiten establecer interesantes conexiones con otros alfares y yacimientos de la bahía gaditana activos entre los siglos V-III a.C., el excepcional estado de conservación del horno permite plantear algunas reflexiones sobre sus rasgos arquitectónicos, típicos de época púnica tardía. The salvage archaeological excavation conducted in 2009 by M.L. Lavado revealed the exis-tence of a Punic ceramic kiln and various pits and middens in the central area of the present-day city of San Fernando (Cadiz), in the southern insular territory of ancient Gadir/Gades. This work presents the preliminary results of the study of the material culture (essentially ceramics), focusing on the finds recorded inside the kiln on the holed-floor. In addition to a typological and chronological classification of these unpublished contexts, which allows to establish interesting connections with other kiln areas and sites in the bay of Cadiz that were active between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC, the outstanding state of preservation of the kiln makes it possible to reflect on the typical features of kiln design of the Late Punic period. Junta de Andalucía US-1266376

Aim of this research to describe: 1) There are difference between math learning stake and ability solution to math problem which taught by Course Review Horay method Adobe Flashes aided, 2) Math learning stake and ability solution to math problem which taught by Course Review Horay method Adobe Flashes aided better than only Course Review Horay method. Data analysis technique that used are Right Side Proportion Test, T-tes One Right Side, Manova Test, and τ^2- Hotelling. Result of this research are: 1) There are difference between math learning stake and ability solution to math problem which taught by Course Review Horay method Adobe Flashes aided with only Course Review Horay method, 2) Math learning stake and ability solution to math problem which taught by Course Review Horay method Adobe Flashes aided better than only Course Review Horay method.

Provision of affordable construction materials will drastically reduce the housing deficit being experienced in developing countries. This study aimed at investigating the properties of ado...

Tarihi Kütahya evleri, Anadolu’da kentsel konut dokusuna sahip başka tarihi kent merkezlerinde de görüldüğü üzere, yerel mimari gelenekler kullanılarak, barınma ihtiyacına cevap verecek şekilde inşa edilmişlerdir. Bu evlerin mimari karakteristiği; coğrafi ve iklimsel özellikler, yakın çevredeki hammadde kaynakları, halkın sosyal ve kültürel yapısı ve sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri gibi etkenlerle biçimlendirilmiştir. Kütahya tarihi kent dokusunda yer alan evler, iki ya da üç katlı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Evlerin yapım sisteminde ahşap konstrüksiyon ve kerpiç malzeme kullanılmıştır. Evin ana katında çıkmalara yer verilmiştir. Kırma veya beşik tipteki çatıların kaplama malzemesi kiremit olup, saçaklar geniş tasarlanmıştır. Birçok araştırmaya göre kerpiç, tarihi süreçte diğer yapı türlerine nazaran dünyada en fazla tercih edilen yapı malzemelerindendir. Ahşap ve taş hammadde kaynaklarının zengin olmadığı yerlerde, kerpiç en yoğun kullanılan inşaat malzemesi olmuştur. Bu durumun nedeni, kerpiç üretimi için uygun toprağın hemen hemen dünyanın her yerinde bulunmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kütahya’nın ‘’geren’’ adı verilen toprağı, kerpiç imalatı için kullanılan toprakların en iyilerinden biridir . Isıyı koruması, sağlıklı, ekonomik, ateşe dayanıklı olması gibi olumlu nitelikler taşıyan kerpicin en önemli olumsuz yönlerinden biri ise sudan ve ıslak olduğunda dondan etkilenen bir malzeme olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde kerpiç ile inşa edilen ve yapı geleneğimizin önemli örneklerini oluşturan mimari mirasın korunması için zamanında gerekli önlemlerin alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Kütahya Belediyesine ait yerel mimari miras niteliği taşıyan kerpiç bir evin koruma projesi hazırlanması süreci ile ilgili bilgiler, tespitler, alınan kararlar ve üretilen çizimler irdelenmektedir. Tescilli ev, Ahi Evran Mezarlığının kuzeydoğu yönünde yer almaktadır. Doğu batı doğrultusunda konumlanan yapı, eğimli bir arazi üzerine üç katlı olarak inşa edilmiştir. Tarihi süreçte yapının farklı işlevler ve kişiler tarafından kullanılması sürecinde, yapı özgün halinden farklı dört bağımsız bölüme ayrılmıştır. Çalışmalar sırasında yapının planimetrik ve cephe özellikleri, kullanılan yapım tekniği ve malzemesi ile kullanım sürecinde maruz kaldığı müdahalelerden kaynaklanan değişmişlikler değerlendirilmiştir. Evin yapım tarihi 19. yy sonlarına tarihlendirilirken, yapının kullanım sürecinde gerçekleştirilen onarım müdahaleleri üç farklı dönemde analiz edilmiştir. Mülkiyeti Kütahya Belediyesine ait olan ve özgün “ev” kullanımını sürdüremeyen bu yapının, onarılarak kültürel işlevlerle yeniden kullanımına karar verilmiştir. Tarihi yapının, müze, sanat evi gibi kamusal işlevler ile yeniden kullanımına karar verilmesi, geçmişten gelen mimari geleneğin, yaratıcılığın, çağdaş yaşama uyarlanmasına olanak sağlayacaktır. No sponsor

Imagine the local print shop quotes you twice the amount you envisioned spending on the marketing materials you plan to use to announce your Grand Opening. Having marketing materials such as brochures, business cards, and flyers designed (the expensive part of the process) and printed can cut into the budget. As a business owner, wouldn’t it be nice to have the means to create your own marketing materials without breaking the bank? This chapter looks at a two free desktop publishing solutions that can aid in creating your own marketing materials (such as postcards, brochures, and newsletters). If you don’t need (or want) to go the route of Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher, or QuarkXpress, these solutions can be perfect for small businesses with tight marketing budgets.

El abandono de la arquitectura de tierra en México, ejemplificado en la vivienda de adobe tradicional, la tipología más representativa del país, es un fenómeno acuciante que se está intentando revertir debido al potencial sostenible de estas edificaciones y su importante legado cultural. Por otro lado, la vulnerabilidad sísmica de estas viviendas ha generado una mayor desconfianza por parte de la sociedad, que relega de estos sistemas desfasados y los asocia a las clases socioeconómicas más bajas y a una sensación constante de fragilidad estructural. Distintas estrategias han sido aplicadas en los últimos años para la salvaguarda y conservación de este patrimonio vernáculo, sin embargo, los datos nos indican que la construcción con tierra decrece a un alto ritmo año tras año. En este documento se presentan cuatro acercamientos a la vulnerabilidad sísmica de la vivienda de adobe: desde la geografía cultural y la percepción de sus usuarios, desde la caracterización tipológica y tecnológica-constructiva, desde el análisis estructural y los métodos de evaluación, y desde la caracterización del material en el laboratorio. Los resultados permitieron identificar aquellos patrones territoriales, socioculturales y constructivos de las viviendas a partir de cinco casos de estudio representativos; evaluar las herramientas de análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica para estas tipologías arquitectónicas y finalmente, desarrollar una metodología de caracterización de materiales de tierra que permita alcanzar un mayor conocimiento técnico de estos sistemas. Por último, todo el proceso quedó enmarcado dentro de algunos proyectos de investigación y de cooperación al desarrollo que pudieron generarse para la arquitectura vernácula del estado de Michoacán, generando dinámicas muy positivas respecto a la revalorización y divulgación de este valioso patrimonio. The abandonment of earthen architecture in Mexico, exemplified with the traditional adobe house, the most representative typology in the country, is an overwhelming phenomenon which we are trying to turn back due to the sustainable potential of these dwellings and their important cultural legacy. On the other hand, the seismic vulnerability of these constructions has provoked the mistrust of society, which relegates from these ancient systems and associate them with the lower socioeconomic levels and a sense of structural fragility. In recent years, different strategies have been applied for the safeguard and conservation of this vernacular heritage, however, the data shows us how the earthen construction decreases at a high rate year by year. In this document, four approaches to the seismic vulnerability of the adobe dwelling are presented: from the cultural geography and the conception of the users, from the typological and technological-constructive characterization, from the structural analysis and the evaluation methods, and from the material characterization in the laboratory. The results obtained allowed to identify those territorial, sociocultural and constructive patterns of the dwelling of five representative study cases; to evaluate the seismic vulnerability analytical tools for these architectural typologies and finally, to develop a methodology of characterization for earthen materials which helps to achieve a better scientific knowledge of these systems. At last, all the process was framed within some investigation and cooperation to development projects created for the preservation of the vernacular architecture of the State of Michoacan, generating positive dynamics regarding the reappraisal and dissemination of this meaningful heritage.

Mi propósito en este proyecto ha sido desarrollar una serie de vídeos explicativos para aclarar conceptos básicos de fotografía que muchos fotógrafos desconocen. Esta enseñanza básica e imprescindible será el inicio para crear una base sólida sobre conceptos fotográficos indispensables que todo fotógrafo, profesional o amateur, debería conocer. La ubicación de estos contenidos se ha hecho de manera estructurada, a través de una página web creada con la ayuda de un Sistema de Gestión de Contenidos (CMS) como WordPress, con la intención de aprovechar sus múltiples funcionalidades, sus plantillas y plugins. Con el fin de crear una estructura ordenada y sistemática, los vídeos gratuitos están integrados dentro de un curso básico ubicado en una página denominada Esenciales, con acceso libre para cualquier usuario, que servirá como atractivo o gancho para captar la atención de potenciales alumnos, con objeto de que se den de alta como usuarios en la plataforma y, por ende, se inscriban a otros cursos y contenidos de pago alojados en esta misma plataforma. El usuario tiene acceso, tanto a los contenidos gratuitos, como a los de pago, siempre que haya pasado previamente por la tienda para comprar los vídeos premium que desee visualizar. De este modo, el proyecto creado tendrá un rendimiento económico, probablemente seguro y estable. Gracias a la creación de una plataforma similar a la de un LMS , que permite el alta de usuarios, la creación de grupos, la gestión de las compras y el acceso a los contenidos restringidos, ha sido posible la realización de este proyecto. My purpose in this project has been to develop a series of explanatory videos to clarify basic concepts of photography that many photographers are unaware of. This basic and essential teaching will be the beginning to create a solid base on essential photographic concepts that every photographer, professional or amateur, should know. The location of these contents has been done in a structured way, through a web page created with the help of a Content Management System (CMS) such as WordPress, with the intention of taking advantage of its multiple functionalities, its templates and plugins. In order to create an orderly and systematic structure, the free videos are integrated into a basic course located on a page called Essentials, with free access for any user, which will serve as an attraction or hook to capture the attention of potential students, for the purpose of registering as users on the platform and, therefore, enroll in other courses and restricted content hosted on the same platform. The user has access to both free content and restricted content, provided that they have previously visited the store to buy the premium videos they wish to view. In this way, the project created will have an economic return, probably safe and stable. Thanks to the creation of a platform similar to an LMS2, which allows the registration of users, the creation of groups, the management of purchases and access to restricted content, it has been possible to carry out this project. El meu propòsit en aquest projecte ha estat desenvolupar una sèrie de vídeos explicatius per a aclarir conceptes bàsics de fotografia que molts fotògrafs desconeixen. Aquest ensenyament bàsic i imprescindible serà l'inici per a crear una base sòlida sobre conceptes fotogràfics indispensables que tot fotògraf, professional o amateur, hauria de conèixer. La ubicació d'aquests continguts s'ha fet de manera estructurada, a través d'una pàgina web creada amb l'ajuda d'un Sistema de Gestió de Continguts (CMS) com WordPress, amb la intenció d'aprofitar les seves múltiples funcionalitats, les seves plantilles i plugins. Amb la finalitat de crear una estructura ordenada i sistemàtica, els vídeos gratuïts estan integrats dins d'un curs bàsic situat en una pàgina denominada Essencials, amb accés lliure per a qualsevol usuari, que servirà com a atractiu o ganxo per a captar l'atenció de potencials alumnes, a fi de que es donin d'alta com a usuaris en la plataforma i, per tant, s'inscriguin a altres cursos i continguts de pagament allotjats en aquesta mateixa plataforma. L'usuari té accés, tant als continguts gratuïts, com als de pagament, sempre que hagi passat prèviament per la botiga per a comprar els vídeos premium que desitgi visualitzar. D'aquesta manera, el projecte creat tindrà un rendiment econòmic, probablement segur i estable. Gràcies a la creació d'una plataforma similar a la d'un LMS , que permet l'alta d'usuaris, la creació de grups, la gestió de les compres i l'accés als continguts restringits, ha estat possible la realització d'aquest projecte.

Adobe is a building material that has been used since ancient times, but is not as widely used as clay bricks or concrete for housing construction. In addition, it uses a construction technique that has been passed down and improved from generation to generation. In view of this, the present work aims to improve the properties of adobe by using PET bottle fibers in its composition. A mechanical test and two physical tests were carried out for adobe with 0% (standard adobe), 2%, 4% and 6% PET fibers, where it was observed that the adobe with 6% PET fibers obtained the best results, since it increased the compressive strength of the adobe by 19%, reduced the absorption percentage by 12% and finally reduced the density by 16.4%. Therefore, the addition of PET fibers in adobe is recommended, as it contributes to improve its mechanical and physical properties. Additionally, it reduces pollution in streets, rivers, parks, etc. because it promotes the recycling of PET bottles.

This research is focused on tulou, collective dwellings of Fujian (China), built with rammed earth and wood. Except for the evident variation in size and in shape between different tulou, all of them apparently share a similar design and layout features and also the scientific literature on this topic does not highlight substantial differences among them. Despite the generic uniformity, it is however possible to clearly distinguish two groups of tulou, built by different populations and reflecting different life styles and dwelling ideas: the Minnan and Hakka tulou. Starting from this new assumption and through a systematic analysis of eight significant case studies, in this paper it is proved for the first time that the functional differences, already partly recognized by previous studies, can be clearly linked to the typological and construction ones as well as. Thanks to this new methodological approach, in the future it will be possible to set up the analysis of this vast heritage in a more orderly manner, allow a greater integration of various disciplinary research and plan a “Manual on tulou restoration”, intended as a guide for restoration and dissemination of the knowledge regarding the original materials and techniques of tulou.

La actividad sísmica del mundo ha permitido comprobar el pobre desempeño sismorresistente de las edificaciones tradicionales de tierra. Las investigaciones que se han realizado con el objetivo de mejorar el comportamiento de éstas, han tenido como instrumento de estudio a: la unidad de adobe (ladrillo de adobe) y al muro de adobe (albañilería de adobe). La presente investigación está enfocada en el mejoramiento de las propiedades mecánicas de las “unidades” de adobe manufacturadas en los distritos ubicados a lo largo del Valle del Colca y subsecuentemente verificar si esa mejora se refleja en la “albañilería”. La investigación parte de la caracterización de la tierra utilizada en el Colca para la manufacturación de adobe. Para ello se han tomado muestras de viviendas designadas al azar y ubicadas en 3 distintos distritos: Yanque, Ichupampa y Cabanaconde. La caracterización de cada una de las muestras se realizó a través de los ensayos granulométricos correspondientes. Con las 3 granulometrías se conformó un huso granulométrico dentro del cual se ha ubicado a la tierra con la que se ha realizado los ensayos de esta investigación. Tal como se puede comprobar al revisar el estado del arte, a la fecha, se han llevado a cabo muchas investigaciones para el mejoramiento de las construcciones de tierra incorporando aditivos de distinta índole: naturales y artificiales. Por ejemplo, la incorporación de fibras al concreto se viene realizando desde tiempo atrás, con el objetivo de reducir su fisuración por contracciones. Este concepto ha sido llevado a la manufacturación de adobe dando lugar a una serie de investigaciones basadas en la incorporación de fibras de distinta índole. De otro lado, se cuenta con resultados de investigaciones preliminares relacionadas con la incorporación de biopolímeros; dichos resultados revelan mejoras sustanciales en las características mecánicas de las muestras de adobe. De acuerdo con estas investigaciones, los biopolímero reaccionan con el agua conformando cadenas de hidrogeles los cuales al deshidratar aumentan la cohesión de la tierra a través de una mejora de las condiciones de atracción a nivel molecular; lo que se traduce en un aumento de la resistencia. Para el desarrollo de la presente tesis, se tomaron dos investigaciones preliminares relacionadas con la incorporación de aditivos al adobe. Una que utiliza un aditivo artificial, el cual mejora las propiedades resistentes del adobe por acción mecánica: las fibras de polipropileno. Y la otra que utiliza un aditivo natural, el cual mejora las propiedades resistentes del adobe por acción química: el quitosano. El objetivo de nuestra tesis es llevar estas investigaciones preliminares a un nivel superior ensayando muretes de adobe estabilizados con estos aditivos que son de dos origines distintos, uno artificial y el otro natural; y utilizan dos acciones distintas para la mejora del adobe: la acción mecánica y la acción química. En conclusión, el objetivo es determinar si las mejoras registradas en las investigaciones preliminares se transfieren a la albañilería, la cual es en esencia el sistema estructural representativo de las edificaciones de adobe. Para ello, primero, se prepararon probetas, las cuales son representativas del material con el que se confeccionaron las unidades de adobe. Posteriormente se construyeron muretes con las unidades de adobe mejorado por la inclusión de los aditivos considerados por la investigación. Estos muretes son representativas de los muros de las edificaciones de adobe del Valle del Colca. El patrón de comparación fue el adobe sin aditivos. Nuestra investigación considera 3 casos: unidad y albañilería de adobe sin aditivos, unidad y albañilería de adobe en la que se ha incorporado fibras de polipropileno, unidad y albañilería de adobe en la que se ha incorporado quitosano. Con los resultados se concluye en: Primero. Con la incorporación de fibras de polipropileno, la resistencia de la “unidad” aumento en 59%, mientras que la resistencia del “murete” aumento en un 51%, respecto del adobe no estabilizado. Estos resultados nos permiten concluir en que las mejoras en la resistencia de la unidad se transfieren, prácticamente en igual proporción, a la albañilería. Segundo. Con la incorporación de quitosano, la resistencia de la “unidad” disminuyo en 10%, mientras que la resistencia del “murete” disminuyo en 64%, respecto del adobe no estabilizado. Los resultados prueban que las mejoras obtenidas en la resistencia de “probetas” estabilizadas con quitosano, no se transfieren ni a la unidad ni al murete. Este comportamiento se explica a través del efecto que tiene el quitosano en el proceso de hidratación del adobe.

The CIAC (Integrated Center for Community Action, translated from Portuguese) is an educational center designed mainly to promote early childhood education at a desely populated area in the city of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. The well-documented use of sustainable tecnologies in the construction of the CIAC, in particular the use of different earthen construction techniques to build non-load-bearing walls, is the subject of this article. The material use and embodied emissions of unfinished walls built using raw earth in rammed earthbags, adobe, and taipa de mão (wattle and daub) were calculated and compared. This study showcases the use of earthen construction techniques in a densely populated urban area and the benefits of the reuse of excavated materials to reduce embodied emissions in earthen construction., Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Non-conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT 2022)

Unutar ovoga završnoga rada istražit će se da li postoji značajna razlika između grafičkih programa Gimp te Photoshop. Njihova usporedba će se vršiti prema tri obrazovna video uradka tj. tutorijala u kojima su detaljno prikazani te pojašnjeni njihovi alati i tehnike. Sva tri video uradka su napravljena u sklopu izrade ovog završnog rada te su postavljena na web stranici YouTube, dostupna svima za gledanje. Ovi video uradci su namijenjeni isključivo za početničku grupu grafičkih dizajnera koji se tek upoznavaju s dizajnerskim svijetom te kroz ove video zapise mogu naučiti kako se snalaziti unutar korisničkog sučelja Gimpa i Photoshopa, kako upravljati njihovim opcijama te na koje sve načine se mogu primjenjivati njihovi alati. Putem ovih edukativnih video zapisa, korisnik može primijetiti koje su prednosti te nedostatci prilikom korištenja njihovih alata te može usavršiti sve potrebne vještine uz pomoć kojih može dalje samostalno kreirati svoje projekte. Osim uspoređivanja te prikaza uporabe ovih dvaju grafičkih programa, kroz rad će se opisivati neke njihove važne karakteristike. Ukratko će se opisati povijest njihova nastanka, tko su bili glavni tvorci ovih programa i koja je bila njihova ideja te na koji način su se ova dva programa globalno proširila. Također unutar ovoga rada će se spominjati na koje sve načine su ljudi manipulirali slikama kroz povijest krenuvši od nastanka prve fotografije pa do njezinog prvog manipuliranja kao i manipuliranja unutar politike i novinarstva pa sve do digitalnog načina manipuliranja fotografija. Uz negativne načine manipuliranja, unutar rada su dani primjeri pozitivnih načina manipulacija fotografija kao što je, na primjer, uradio Andy Warhol te uvelike utjecao na način dizajniranja u 20. stoljeću. Predstavit će se i moderni načini manipuliranja slikama kao što su internet memi. Within this final paper, users will be shown whether there is a significant difference between Gimp and Photoshop. The comparison will be made according to the three video tutorials in which their tools and tecniques are presented and explained in detail. All of these three video tutorials have been produced in the course of creating this final paper and they are available for viewing on the YouTube website. These video tutorials are mainly intended only for the beginner groups of designers who are just getting to know how to design and through these video tutorials, they will learn how to navigate within the user interface, how to manage program options and in what way users will apply program design tools. Through this training session, the user will notice the advantages and disadvantages of using program tools and they will improve all the necessary skills with which they can further independently create their future projects. In addition to comparing and using these two design programs, the final paper will describe some of important characteristics of and Photoshop. Characteristics such as describing their history, who were the main creators and influencers of these design programs and what was their main idea, and in what way these two programs have spreaded globally. Also within this final paper it will be mentioned in what kinds of ways people have physically manipulated images through history. It begins from the creation of the first photograph to its first manipulation, manipulation within politics and journalism, all the way to the new digital way of manipulating photographs. In addition to these negative ways of manpulating, the final paper gives examples of positive ways of manipulating photos such as manipulations by Andy Warhol who had a brilliant design vision wich changed the way of designing in the 20th century, all the way to the modern ways of manipulating such as internet memes.

In the world of education today the role of computers has become very much needed, almost all schools have used computer aids for administrative processes and other matters. This research is motivated by the lack of use of computers as a learning medium in SMK Negeri 1 Prabumulih, the delivery and explanation of the material still use previous methods such as, using books and explaining on the board. The purpose of this research is to make the Application of Learning Media for Introduction to Computer Networks for Multimedia students using Adobe Flash CS 3 Professional. The results of research in making instructional media are carried out through a process of analysis, production design, implementation, and evaluation. In the analysis process, edutainment aspects that must be present in the learning media are obtained, including an attractive, interactive display, using sound effects, pictures and videos of learning material. Furthermore, the learning media are packaged in a CD. So hopefully with this learning media, the learning system at SMK Negeri 1 Prabumulih can be even better. Keywords - Learning Media, Multimedia, Computer Network

1. Introduction Faced with the current environmental challenges about climate change and depletion of earth’s resources (UNEP/UNECE, 2016), the building sector needs to renovate its design practices and methods by taking into account economic, sanitary and comfort criteria. The development of materials that address these criteria and promotion of their use is put forward. Raw earth is one of these materials (Niroumand et al., 2017). Raw earth designates the earth used in construction unfired but simply dried. Earth construction techniques are very varied: adobe (the molded and sun dried brick), cob (construction made by stacking earth balls handmade), wattle and daub (the earth used in filling load-bearing structures, usually made of wood), rammed earth (earth compacted in a framework), and Compressed Earth Block (compacted earth, achieved using manual or mechanical presses) are the main ones (CRAterre et al. 1979; Houben & Guillaud, 1989). Raw earths can be used to produce compressed earth blocks (CEB) with ecological, thermal and economic advantages. However, the raw earth blocks have the disadvantage of deteriorating to humidity change or abrasion. This decreases its durability, i.e. resistance over time (Rigassi, 1995). Stabilization is a process to improve the impermeability (water resistance) and the hardness (impact and friction resistance, reduction of crumbling) of the earth block. There are more than a hundred products stabilizing the earth: sand, gravel, cement, l

This research aims to develop interactive learning media for adobe flash-based prayer procedures/Tara (Tata Cara Shalat). Interactive media can develop prayer skills that are taught in the habituation process since the first grade of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This research used development research (RD) methods. The development process in this study reached the stage of the formative evaluation process consisting of three steps, namely individual prototype material trials, small group trials, and field tryouts. This field trial involved subjects in a larger class, involving 15-30 (a whole class of learners) or larger groups, namely the available classes. The results of this field trial were used to make a product, material, or final design revisions. Interactive learning media can solve the problem of prayer skills regarding recitation and movement of prayer. Thus, interactive learning media made it easier for students to understand the procedures for prayer quickly; besides, the learning process will be more enjoyable

The need for treated water is essential for life. With the constant increase in population, the most common way to purify surface water is through conventional water treatment plants (WTPs). The high volume of residue (sludge) generated in this process is most often returned to the catchment site, negatively affecting the ecosystem. The sludge of WTPs is similar to soil because it is composed of inorganic solids. Adobe is a construction material made from water and soil without the burning process, so it is considered sustainable, recyclable, and energy-efficient and can be stabilized with various materials. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop adobes using the sludge of WTPs and to analyse their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Adobes were produced with five concentrations of sludge by mass: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7%. It was observed that with the increase in the sludge concentration, there was an increase in the capillarity and a decrease in mass, the water absorption was limited to 3% of sludge, and there was an increase in the bulk density. The linear shrinkage, thermal conductivity and compressive strength were not influenced. The addition of WTP sludge altered some properties of adobe. The use of WTP sludge in adobe is limited to 3%; above that, the adobe becomes unstable in relation to water. Therefore, the use of WTP sludge in the manufacture of adobe is feasible in controlled concentrations and is a sustainable use of the residue.

La utilización de la tierra como material de construcción ha cumplido un rol emancipador en comunidades y sociedades del mundo. El contexto nicaragüense cuenta con numerosos ejemplos que demuestran este hecho, sobre todo en el norte del país. En el proyecto de construcción del barrio “El Pantanal”, en Granada, este también ha sido el caso, donde una comunidad de mujeres constructoras, apoyadas por diferentes organismos e instituciones, ha autoconstruido decenas de viviendas de interés social de 60 m2 utilizando técnicas ancestrales mejoradas, como el adobe, con propiedades sismo-resistentes. Sin embargo, la escasa investigación al respecto en la región, con nula o poca realización de ensayos de mezclas para adobes y estudios pertinentes en laboratorios que comprueben la resistencia para su correcto uso, han alimentado una vez más, al imaginario de que las viviendas en adobe están obsoletas y no son resistentes. Estos factores llevaron a la realización de este trabajo, en el marco del Proyecto de Fortalecimiento de capacidades para la Gestión de la construcción segura en Nicaragua, coordinado por el Programa de Estudios Integrales, Habitabilidad y Territorio (PEI) de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI) y con el apoyo de la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación, COSUDE Nicaragua. Desde un enfoque participativo interdisciplinar, se diseñó una propuesta de innovación de mejora a los adobes que se venían usando en el proyecto del barrio “El Pantanal”, centrándose en la utilización de fibras naturales de bambú obtenidas fácilmente desde procesos manuales para ser aplicadas en las mezclas como estabilizantes de los mismos, con lo cual se obtuvieron resultados favorables en sus propiedades de resistencia a la compresión simple.

Earthen materials have been used in civil engineering construction worldwide with different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth and bricks. Compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) can be considered as a new member of the earthen building material family. Also, it can overcome the problems associated with fired bricks and cement blocks. Cement is the most commonly used as stabilizers to enhance the properties of CSEB. The governing factor which controls the properties of CSEB is the amount of clay content in the soil. Researches have concluded that about 25% of clay and silt (finer) content contributes to high compressive strength. However, controlling of larger particles is not addressed much. This study focused on controlling the finer content as well as larger particles with the use of construction waste (mostly with crushed concrete) and river sand. Selected soil was modified to get the finer content as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. This modification was done by adding river sand and construction waste to the soil to optimize the particle packing based on particle packing theories. Cement was used as the stabilizer with 6%, 8%, and 10%. (150 × 150 × 150) mm3 cubes were cast and tested for dry density, water absorption, 28 days wet and dry compressive strength, accelerated erosion and compared with SLS 1382; part 2 requirements. Block properties were conformed with SLS 1382 requirement when finer contents are 10% and 5% with 10% and 8% cement. Further, Industrial-scale blocks of (350 × 100 × 175) mm3 made with 10% finer and 8% cement satisfied the Grade 1 block properties. CSEB made mixing with construction waste contributes to manage the environmental pollution due to construction waste while giving a fair solution to the problem with the shortage of building materials.