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401. Lossless quantum data compression and variable-length coding

Author

Bostroem, Kim and Felbinger, Timo

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In order to compress quantum messages without loss of information it is necessary to allow the length of the encoded messages to vary. We develop a general framework for variable-length quantum messages in close analogy to the classical case and show that lossless compression is only possible if the message to be compressed is known to the sender. The lossless compression of an ensemble of messages is bounded from below by its von-Neumann entropy. We show that it is possible to reduce the number of qbits passing through a quantum channel even below the von-Neumann entropy by adding a classical side-channel. We give an explicit communication protocol that realizes lossless and instantaneous quantum data compression and apply it to a simple example. This protocol can be used for both online quantum communication and storage of quantum data., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

Published
2001
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402. Patterns of periodic holes created by increased cell motility

Author

Chen, Ting-Hsuan, Guo, Chunyan, Zhao, Xin, Yao, Yucheng, Boström, Kristina I, Wong, Margaret N, Tintut, Yin, Demer, Linda L, Ho, Chih-Ming, and Garfinkel, Alan

Subjects
Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, pattern formation, cell motility, adult stem cells, self-organization, Turing instability
Abstract

The reaction and diffusion of morphogens is a mechanism widely used to explain many spatial patterns in physics, chemistry and developmental biology. However, because experimental control is limited in most biological systems, it is often unclear what mechanisms account for the biological patterns that arise. Here, we study a biological model of cultured vascular mesenchymal cells (VMCs), which normally self-organize into aggregates that form into labyrinthine configurations. We use an experimental control and a mathematical model that includes reacting and diffusing morphogens and a third variable reflecting local cell density. With direct measurements showing that cell motility was increased ninefold and threefold by inhibiting either Rho kinase or non-muscle myosin-II, respectively, our experimental results and mathematical modelling demonstrate that increased motility alters the multicellular pattern of the VMC cultures, from labyrinthine to a pattern of periodic holes. These results suggest implications for the tissue engineering of functional replacements for trabecular or spongy tissue such as endocardium and bone.

Published
2012

403. A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.

Author

Palmer, Nicholette D, McDonough, Caitrin W, Hicks, Pamela J, Roh, Bong H, Wing, Maria R, An, S Sandy, Hester, Jessica M, Cooke, Jessica N, Bostrom, Meredith A, Rudock, Megan E, Talbert, Matthew E, Lewis, Joshua P, DIAGRAM Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Ferrara, Assiamira, Lu, Lingyi, Ziegler, Julie T, Sale, Michele M, Divers, Jasmin, Shriner, Daniel, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Rotimi, Charles N, Ng, Maggie CY, Langefeld, Carl D, Freedman, Barry I, Bowden, Donald W, Voight, Benjamin F, Scott, Laura J, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Morris, Andrew P, Dina, Christian, Welch, Ryan P, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Huth, Cornelia, Aulchenko, Yurii S, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, McCulloch, Laura J, Ferreira, Teresa, Grallert, Harald, Amin, Najaf, Wu, Guanming, Willer, Cristen J, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, McCarroll, Steve A, Langenberg, Claudia, Hofmann, Oliver M, Dupuis, Josée, Qi, Lu, Segrè, Ayellet V, van Hoek, Mandy, Navarro, Pau, Ardlie, Kristin, Balkau, Beverley, Benediktsson, Rafn, Bennett, Amanda J, Blagieva, Roza, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Boström, Kristina Bengtsson, Bravenboer, Bert, Bumpstead, Suzannah, Burtt, Noël P, Charpentier, Guillaume, Chines, Peter S, Cornelis, Marilyn, Couper, David J, Crawford, Gabe, Doney, Alex SF, Elliott, Katherine S, Elliott, Amanda L, Erdos, Michael R, Fox, Caroline S, Franklin, Christopher S, Ganser, Martha, Gieger, Christian, Grarup, Niels, Green, Todd, Griffin, Simon, Groves, Christopher J, Guiducci, Candace, Hadjadj, Samy, Hassanali, Neelam, Herder, Christian, Isomaa, Bo, Jackson, Anne U, Johnson, Paul RV, Jørgensen, Torben, Kao, Wen HL, Klopp, Norman, Kong, Augustine, Kraft, Peter, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lauritzen, Torsten, Li, Man, Lieverse, Aloysius, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Marre, Michel, Meitinger, Thomas, and Midthjell, Kristian

Subjects
DIAGRAM Consortium, MAGIC Investigators, Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Genotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, African Americans, Female, Male, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Validation Studies as Topic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Science & Technology
Abstract

African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P

Published
2012

404. Lossless quantum coding in many-letter spaces

Author

Bostroem, Kim J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Based on the concept of many-letter theory, an observable is defined measuring the raw quantum information content of single messages. A general characterization of quantum codes using the Kraus representation is given. Compression codes are defined by their property of decreasing the expected raw information content of a given message ensemble. Lossless quantum codes, in contrast to lossy codes, provide the retrieval of the original data with perfect fidelity. A general lossless coding scheme is given that translates between two quantum alphabets. It is shown that this scheme is never compressive. Furthermore, a lossless quantum coding scheme, analog to the classical Huffman scheme but different from the Braunstein scheme, is implemented, which provides optimal compression. Motivated by the concept of lossless quantum compression, an observable is defined that measures the core quantum information content of a particular message with respect to a given a priori message ensemble. The average of this observable yields the von Neumann entropy., Comment: 14 pages, no figures. Version 2.3 beta

Published
2000

405. Concepts of a quantum information theory of many letters

Author

Bostroem, Kim J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A theoretical framework is presented allowing the treatment of quantum messages with components of variable length. To this aim a many-letter space, similiar to the Fock space, is constructed, generalizing the standard quantum information theory of block messages of fixed length. In the many-letter space a length operator can be defined measuring the length of a quantum message, whose eigenspaces are the block Hilbert spaces used in the standard theory., Comment: 9 pages, revtex, no figures. Version 2.1 beta. The original paper has been splitted into two pieces. This is the first part

Published
2000

406. Time symmetry in Rigged Hilbert Spaces

Author

Bostroem, Kim J.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Despite the fact that the fundamental physical laws are symmetric in time, most observed processes do not show this symmetry. Especially the phenomenon of decay seems to involve a kind of irreversibility that makes the definition of a microscopic arrow of time possible. Such an intrinsic irreversibility is incorporated within the Rigged Hilbert Space quantum mechanics of the Brussels School, contrasting to the statements of standard quantum mechanics. As shown in this paper, the formalism bears significant advantages in the description of decaying systems, however the breaking of time symmetry can be avoided., Comment: REVTEX, 14 pages, 10 figures

Published
2000

407. Abcc6 Deficiency Causes Increased Infarct Size and Apoptosis in a Mouse Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Model

Author

Mungrue, Imran N, Zhao, Peng, Yao, Yucheng, Meng, Haijin, Rau, Christoph, Havel, Jocelyn V, Gorgels, Theo GMF, Bergen, Arthur AB, MacLellan, W Robb, Drake, Thomas A, Boström, Kristina I, and Lusis, Aldons J

Subjects
Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Activin Receptors, Type I, Animals, Apoptosis, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, Disease Models, Animal, Endoglin, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Growth Differentiation Factor 2, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, Myocardial Infarction, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Myocytes, Cardiac, Signal Transduction, Smad Proteins, Transforming Growth Factor beta, ABC transporter, apoptosis, cardiovascular disease prevention, genetically altered mice, reperfusion injury, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

ObjectiveABCC6 genetic deficiency underlies pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) in humans, characterized by ectopic calcification, and early cardiac disease. The spectrum of PXE has been noted in Abcc6-deficient mice, including dystrophic cardiac calcification. We tested the role of Abcc6 in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods and resultsTo determine the role of Abcc6 in cardioprotection, we induced ischemic injury in mice in vivo by occluding the left anterior descending artery (30 minutes) followed by reperfusion (48 hours). Infarct size was increased in Abcc6-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls. Additionally, an Abcc6 transgene significantly reduced infarct size on the background of a naturally occurring Abcc6 deficiency. There were no differences in cardiac calcification following I/R, but increased cardiac apoptosis was noted in Abcc6-deficient mice. Previous studies have implicated the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in directing calcification, and here we showed that the BMP responsive transcription factors pSmad1/5/8 were increased in hearts of Abcc6 mice. Consistent with this finding, BMP4 and BMP9 were increased and activin receptor-like kinase-2 and endoglin were downregulated in cardiac extracts from Abcc6-deficient mice versus controls.ConclusionsThese data identify Abcc6 as a novel modulator of cardiac myocyte survival after I/R. This cardioprotective mechanism may involve inhibition of the BMP signaling pathway, which modulates apoptosis.

Published
2011

408. Description of Scottnema lindsayae Timm, 1971 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from Taylor Valley, Antarctica and its phylogenetic relationship

Author

Boström, Sven, Holovachov, Oleksandr, and Nadler, Steven A.

Subjects
Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, Plant Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography, Antarctica, Cephalobidae, Description, Morphology, Nematoda, Phylogeny, Scottnema, SEM, Taxonomy, Taylor Valley
Abstract

The endemic Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayae is described from specimens collected in Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Victoria Land. The recently collected material is compared with the original description and other subsequent descriptions of the species. A more complete scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the species is presented. The phylogenetic position of S. lindsayae is inferred using a secondary structure-based alignment of a partial sequence of nuclear Large Subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using base-paired substitution models implemented in PHASE 2 software and Bayesian inference, and show S. lindsayae as the sister group to Stegelletina taxa.

Published
2011

409. Giant chiral magnetoelectric oscillations in a van der Waals multiferroic

Author

Gao, Frank Y., Peng, Xinyue, Cheng, Xinle, Viñas Boström, Emil, Kim, Dong Seob, Jain, Ravish K., Vishnu, Deepak, Raju, Kalaivanan, Sankar, Raman, Lee, Shang-Fan, Sentef, Michael A., Kurumaji, Takashi, Li, Xiaoqin, Tang, Peizhe, Rubio, Angel, and Baldini, Edoardo

Abstract

Helical spin structures are expressions of magnetically induced chirality, entangling the dipolar and magnetic orders in materials1–4. The recent discovery of helical van der Waals multiferroics down to the ultrathin limit raises prospects of large chiral magnetoelectric correlations in two dimensions5,6. However, the exact nature and magnitude of these couplings have remained unknown so far. Here we perform a precision measurement of the dynamical magnetoelectric coupling for an enantiopure domain in an exfoliated van der Waals multiferroic. We evaluate this interaction in resonance with a collective electromagnon mode, capturing the impact of its oscillations on the dipolar and magnetic orders of the material with a suite of ultrafast optical probes. Our data show a giant natural optical activity at terahertz frequencies, characterized by quadrature modulations between the electric polarization and magnetization components. First-principles calculations further show that these chiral couplings originate from the synergy between the non-collinear spin texture and relativistic spin–orbit interactions, resulting in substantial enhancements over lattice-mediated effects. Our findings highlight the potential for intertwined orders to enable unique functionalities in the two-dimensional limit and pave the way for the development of van der Waals magnetoelectric devices operating at terahertz speeds.

Published
2024
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412. Comparing effects of two higher intensity feedback interventions with simple feedback on improving staff communication in nursing homes—the INFORM cluster-randomized controlled trial

Author

Hoben, Matthias, Ginsburg, Liane R., Easterbrook, Adam, Norton, Peter G., Anderson, Ruth A., Andersen, Elizabeth A., Boström, Anne-Marie, Cranley, Lisa A., Lanham, Holly J., Weeks, Lori E., Cummings, Greta G., Holroyd-Leduc, Jayna M., Squires, Janet E., Wagg, Adrian S., and Estabrooks, Carole A.

Published
2020
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414. Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies coastal restoration success

Author

Temmink, Ralph J. M., Christianen, Marjolijn J. A., Fivash, Gregory S., Angelini, Christine, Boström, Christoffer, Didderen, Karin, Engel, Sabine M., Esteban, Nicole, Gaeckle, Jeffrey L., Gagnon, Karine, Govers, Laura L., Infantes, Eduardo, van Katwijk, Marieke M., Kipson, Silvija, Lamers, Leon P. M., Lengkeek, Wouter, Silliman, Brian R., van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I., Unsworth, Richard K. F., Yaakub, Siti Maryam, Bouma, Tjeerd J., and van der Heide, Tjisse

Published
2020
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419. Hypertriglyceridemia and Recurrent Pancreatitis following Splenectomy.

Author

Butman, Michael, Taylor, David, Boström, Kristina, Quinones, Manuel, and Nicholas, Susanne B

Subjects
Pancreatitis, Splenectomy, Triglycerides
Abstract

Hyperlipoproteinemia represents a constellation of clinical syndromes that frequently includes hypertriglyceridemia. Because of the degree of elevation in the triglyceride levels frequently seen in these syndromes, they are associated with complications not generally observed among those patients with essential hypertriglyceridemia, including as in this case report, recurrent pancreatitis. Here, we present a case of a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia who developed acute worsening of his hypertriglyceridemia and onset of acute panceatitis that became recurrent following elective splenectomy for suspected lymphoma. In particular, we discuss the dietary management of hypertriglyceridemia which significantly reduced the number of episodes of acute pancreatitis in this patient.

Published
2007

428. Subjective Mental Health, Peer Relations, Family, and School Environment in Adolescents with Intellectual Developmental Disorder: A First Report of a New Questionnaire Administered on Tablet PCs

Author

Boström, Petra, Johnels, Jakob Åsberg, Thorson, Maria, and Broberg, Malin

Abstract

Few studies have explored the subjective mental health of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, while proxy ratings indicate an overrepresentation of mental health problems. The present study reports on the design and an initial empirical evaluation of the Well-being in Special Education Questionnaire (WellSEQ). Questions, response scales, and an application for tablet PCs were developed in cooperation with students and teachers in special education schools. One hundred and thirteen students (age 12-16) and their parents and teachers participated. Positive results in terms of test-retest reliability, internal consistency of scales, and response rates were obtained. Level of reading appeared to affect the students' understanding of items. Teachers' and parents' ratings on the WellSEQ correlated well with established measures. Correlations between proxy ratings and students' reports varied. The questionnaire and technology of WellSEQ may enable students with IDD to participate independently in research with good completion rates and reliable responding.

Published
2016
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430. Longitudinal screening of HLA‐risk and HLA‐nonrisk children for celiac disease to age 15 years: CiPiS study

Author

Boström, Michaela, Brundin, Charlotte, Björck, Sara, and Agardh, Daniel

Abstract

Autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) are serological markers of celiac disease. The aim was to study the applicability of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐genotyping and tTG autoantibodies in the screening of celiac disease in a longitudinal birth cohort followed to age 15 years. Included were 13,860 HLA‐DQ‐genotyped children at birth and previously invited to a screening at age 3 and 9 years, respectively. HLA‐DQB1*02 and/or DQB1*03:02 (HLA‐risk) children were compared with non‐HLA‐DQB1*02 and non‐DQB1*03:02 (HLA‐nonrisk) children. The present study reinvited 12,948/13,860 (93.4%) children at age 15 years of whom 1056/2374 (44.5%) participated in screening at both age 3 and 9 years. Both immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) autoantibodies against tTG were analyzed separately in radiobinding assays. Persistently tTG autoantibody‐positive children were examined with intestinal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease. At age 3 years, celiac disease was diagnosed in 56/1635 (3.4%) HLA‐risk children compared with 0/1824 HLA‐nonrisk children (p< 0.001). By age 9 years, celiac disease was diagnosed in 72/1910 (3.8%) HLA‐risk children compared with 0/2167 HLA‐nonrisk children (p< 0.001). Screening at age 15 years detected 14/1071 (1.3%) HLA‐risk children positive for IgA‐tTG and/or IgG‐tTG of whom 12/1071 (1.1%) remained persistently positive. Among those, 10/1071 (0.9%, 95% confidence interval: 0.4%–1.7%) HLA‐risk children were diagnosed with celiac disease compared with 0/1303 HLA‐nonrisk children (p< 0.001) and 5/491 (1.0%) were negative in screenings at both 3 and 9 years of age. Screening for celiac disease needs to be performed at multiple timepoints to detect all cases but can be restricted to children at HLA‐risk. Celiac disease (CD) is often clinically silent and could be difficult to detect.Tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies are serological markers of CD and can be used in screenings. Celiac disease (CD) is often clinically silent and could be difficult to detect. Tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies are serological markers of CD and can be used in screenings. Screening for CD can be restricted to HLA at‐risk individuals.Most cases of screening‐detected CD are detected during the first decade of life. Screening for CD can be restricted to HLA at‐risk individuals. Most cases of screening‐detected CD are detected during the first decade of life.

Published
2024
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431. Long-term secondary prevention and outcome following acute coronary syndrome: real-world results from the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database

Author

Bentzel, Sara, Ljungman, Charlotta, Hjerpe, Per, Schiöler, Linus, Manhem, Karin, Bengtsson Boström, Kristina, Kahan, Thomas, and Mourtzinis, Georgios

Abstract

In this real-world retrospective observational study, we followed 3765 elderly patients for up to 8 years after incident acute coronary syndrome.Only a low proportion of the studied population had yearly measured blood pressure and cholesterol, a low proportion had satisfied risk factor control (blood pressure and cholesterol), and adherence to secondary prevention medication was low.In this elderly population (mean age 75 years), higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with a higher risk of recurrent coronary event and death.Graphical Abstract

Published
2024
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432. Individual and contextual factors in the Swedish Nutrition Care Process Terminology implementation

Author

Lövestam, Elin, Orrevall, Ylva, and Boström, Anne-Marie

Abstract

Background Standardised terminologies and classification systems play an increasingly important role in the continuous work towards high quality patient care. Currently, a standardised terminology for nutrition care, the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) Terminology (NCPT), is being implemented across the world, with terms for four steps: Nutrition Assessment (NA), Nutrition Diagnosis (ND), Nutrition Intervention (NI) and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation (NME).Objective To explore associations between individual and contextual factors and implementation of a standardised NCPT among Swedish dietitians.Method A survey was completed by 226 dietitians, focussing on: (a) NCPT implementation level; (b) individual factors; and (c) contextual factors. Associations between these factors were explored through a two-block logistic regression analysis.Results Contextual factors such as intention from management to implement the NCPT (OR (odds ratio) ND 15.0, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.9–57.4, NME 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–13.0) and electronic health record (EHR) headings from the NCPT (OR NI 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–10.7, NME 3.8, 95% CI 1.1–11.5) were associated with higher implementation. A positive attitude towards the NCPT (model 1 OR ND 3.8, 95% CI 1.5–9.8, model 2 OR ND 5.0, 95% CI 1.4–17.8) was also associated with higher implementation, while other individual factors showed less association.Conclusion Contextual factors such as intention from management, EHR structure, and pre-defined terms and headings are key to implementation of a standardised terminology for nutrition and dietetic care.Implications for practice Clinical leadership and technological solutions should be considered key areas in future NCPT implementation strategies.

Published
2024
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435. SORLA regulates endosomal trafficking and oncogenic fitness of HER2

Author

Pietilä, Mika, Sahgal, Pranshu, Peuhu, Emilia, Jäntti, Niklas Z., Paatero, Ilkka, Närvä, Elisa, Al-Akhrass, Hussein, Lilja, Johanna, Georgiadou, Maria, Andersen, Olav M., Padzik, Artur, Sihto, Harri, Joensuu, Heikki, Blomqvist, Matias, Saarinen, Irena, Boström, Peter J., Taimen, Pekka, and Ivaska, Johanna

Published
2019
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