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O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se o tipo e a quantidade remanescente de cimento endodôntico interferem na adesão do cimento resinoso à dentina. Para isso, foram utilizadas 25 coroas de dentes bovinos com três corpos de prova em cada coroa. Os espécimes foram divididos em 4 grupos experimentais (n=15): Grupo EF (+) – cimento Endofill com superfície parcialmente coberta de cimento endodôntico (n=15), Grupo AHP (+) – cimento AH Plus com superfície parcialmente coberta de cimento endodôntico (n=15), Grupo EF (-) – cimento Endofill com cimento endodôntico removido em uma politriz semiautomática com disco de lixa de granulometria #800 por 30 segundos, Grupo AHP (-) – cimento AH Plus com cimento endodôntico removido em uma politriz semiautomática com disco de lixa de granulometria #800 por 30 segundos, e um grupo controle (n=15): Grupo C – sem cimento endodôntico. Sobre a superfície de dentina foram posicionadas matrizes de silicone de cateter cirúrgico que foram preenchidas com cimento resinoso. Após a polimerização do cimento, os espécimes foram submetidos à ensaios mecânicos de resistência ao cisalhamento em uma máquina de ensaio universal. Foi registrada a força necessária para o deslocamento do corpo de prova. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demostraram que houve diferenças estatística entre o grupo controle e os grupos experimentais, e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos experimentais. Pode-se concluir que a presença de cimento endodôntico interfere na adesão do cimento resinoso à dentina, independente do tipo de cimento endodôntico utilizado e da quantidade remanescente.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar variação de volume, porcentagem de áreas não instrumentadas e de debris após o preparo de canais longo ovais com o sistema WaveOne® Gold (WOG) com duas técnicas: uso cada instrumento dos sistema (single-file - SF) e uso de todas as limas do sistema de modo sequencial (multiple-file - MF). Foram selecionados 50 incisivos inferiores humanos, distribuídos em cinco grupos (n = 10). Após verificação da dimensão radicular com limas manuais, todos os espécimes foram submetidos à microtomografia computadorizada (μCT) para análise de variação de volume, porcentagem de áreas não instrumentadas e de debris após o preparo. Os espécimes foram preparados com instrumentos WOG, de modo SF e MF. Os dados foram analisados quanto à normalidade e homogeneidade de variância. Conforme o desfecho, foram aplicados os testes de One-Way ANOVA seguido de Games-Howell ou Tukey, e Kruskal-Wallis seguido de Dunn. Todos os grupos apresentaram variação de volume total e independentemente da técnica utilizada, o terço cervical teve maior ampliação quando comparado ao apical (p < 0.05). Em relação à porcentagem de áreas não instrumentadas e de debris foram observadas diferenças significativas para WOG Medium versus WOG Small a WOG Medium (p < 0.05). Ambas as técnicas, SF e MF, proporcionaram variação de volume após o preparo, com persistência de áreas não instrumentadas e de debris. Contudo, melhores resultados ocorerram quando houve maior ampliação do canal radicular.

The effect of feeding spray-dried plasma (SDP) during the starter period was evaluated with a commercial broiler integrator on performance and overall health of broilers. The I See Inside (ISI) methodology assessing gut health in broilers was used as a tool to evaluate the impact of dietary interventions under commercial conditions. One hundred farms with approximately 1.1 million broilers were used at a Brazilian broiler integrator. Two groups of farms were fed either a control or an SDP diet containing 1% SDP, from 0 to 10 d of age. Diets were formulated to have similar nutritional density, containing zinc bacitracin and CuSO4 from 0 to 28 d. After 10 d, both groups were fed common commercial diets. Performance data were analyzed together or by type of ventilation system: positive pressure or negative pressure. Birds were sent to market as they reached 3.05 kg; therefore, age at slaughter (AS) was evaluated as a dependent variable along with other performance measures. From the 100 farms in the trial, 35 (16 control and 19 SDP farms) were selected for the assessment of broilers health, biosecurity, and local management. For that, 6 broilers per farm at 14 ± 2 d of age were necropsied and ileum sampled for the ISI methodology evaluation. Biosecurity and management were also evaluated to obtain the influence of those parameters on animal health. SDP-fed birds demonstrated improved feed conversion ratio, reduced mortality, and 1 d less for AS (P < 0.05) vs. control group (P < 0.05) regardless of the type of ventilation. During necropsy, birds fed SDP showed lower coccidiosis and locomotor system lesions as the overall ISI score compared to controls. Histologic intestinal alterations were also lower in SDP-fed broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding 1% SDP in the starter period to broilers resulted in improved performance and health under both good and bad management and biosecurity standards independent of the type of ventilation. Overall, there was good agreement between the ISI method and performance improvements observed.

Background Subcutaneous implants of heat–coagulated egg white (egg white implants, EWI) induce intense local eosinophilia and prime for hyperreactivity following airway ovalbumin challenge. The roles of allergen sensitization, surgical trauma–induced glucocorticoids, and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway were hitherto unexplored in this model, in which quantitative recovery and large-scale purification of the eosinophils from the inflammatory site for functional and immunopharmacological studies are difficult to achieve. Methods We overcame this limitation by shifting the implantation site to the peritoneal cavity (EWIp), thereby enabling quantitative leukocyte retrieval. Results By day 7 post–surgery, eosinophil counts reached ~ 30% of all leukocytes recovered. Eosinophilia was prevented by: a) induction of allergen–specific oral tolerance to ovalbumin, the main allergen in egg white; b) inactivation of the 5–lipoxygenase pathway; c) blockade of endogenous glucocorticoid signaling by pretreatment with metirapone plus mifepristone before surgery. Highly purified eosinophils (~99% pure) could be obtained from the peritoneal exudate of EWIp–carrier mice in 2 simple, antibody–free steps. Preparative-scale yields, suitable for most biochemical, pharmacological, and molecular applications, were routinely obtained, and could be further enhanced through addition of pre–or post–surgery immunization steps (active or adoptive). The recovered eosinophils were fully functional in vivo, as demonstrated by the transfer of purified eosinophils into eosinophil–deficient Δdbl–GATA–1-KO mice, which upon subsequent challenge with eotaxin-1 present secondary accumulation of neutrophils, but not of mononuclear phagocytes. Conclusion These findings document glucocorticoid−, allergen– and 5–lipoxygenase–dependent eosinophilia, which makes EWIp carriers an abundant source of pure, nontransgenic eosinophils for immunopharmacological studies.

Considering the potential application of electrospun nanofibers as drug delivery systems and the advantages of controlled releases of nonsteroidal drugs (e. g. aceclofenac), which are harmful to the gastric system, producing nanofibers based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and butylene poly (butylene adipate)-co-(butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) for transdermal release of aceclofenac was the goal of this work. The incorporation of aceclofenac into the nanofibers changed the initial interaction between PLA and PBAT, leading to a smoother surface. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the interaction between the drug and the matrix and suggested the formation of a solid solution. It was confirmed by DSC analysis, along with a remarkable crystallinity decrease promoted by the drug/matrix interaction. The fibers promoted an initial fast release of aceclofenac (~80% within 10 min), followed by a slightly slower step, ensuring immediate pain relief and a sustained treatment in comparison to the oral administration route. Hence, the material would potentialize the treatment of inflammations and prevent the side effects caused by aceclofenac.

Dental trauma affects mainly children, teenagers and young adults and the anterior teeth. In dental avulsion, the teeth are completely displaced out of the socket. This dentoalveolar lesion is that causing the most severe functional, esthetic, and psychologic damage to the patient. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge level of Dentistry undergraduates on tooth avulsion and verify whether the course period would be associated with the knowledge level. Material and methods: A questionnaire adapted from Fujita et al.. [5], was applied, consisting of three parts, Part 1: general demographic data; Part 2: questions about the experience in tooth trauma Part 3: knowledge about tooth avulsion. The questionnaire was applied to 706 Dentistry undergraduates from Positivo University (PR), in June, 2015. The chi-square test was used to identify differences in responses for different variables, with significance level of 5%. Results: Most of the students were at the age range from 16 to 20 years-old (47.1%), were female (74.7%), were not trained on first-aid care in cases of tooth trauma (73.9%), and never faced a case of tooth avulsion (68.8%). The course period was statistically and positively associated with the knowledge on dental avulsion. Conclusion: The evaluated Dentistry undergraduate students knew how to manage cases of tooth avulsion. Statistically significant differences occurred in relation to the course period and the knowledge on tooth avulsion.

Dens invaginatus, a developmental malformation resulting from the invagination of enamel, has been associated with increased prevalence of pulpal and periapical diseases. Case report: This anomaly is classified according to the severity (types I-III). Management of type III dens invaginatus is complex and an endodontic challenge. This case report describes the management of the endodontic retreatment type III dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor. Conclusion: Nonsurgical treatment can be effective to treat type III dens invaginatus. CBCT is an important diagnostic tool that allowed the management of such case.

O objetivo deste artigo e compreender o fenomeno da propaganda indirecta no cinema enquanto dispositivo ideologico de controlo da vida privada, identificando a forma como foram tratados os papeis do feminino e do masculino no que a intriga amorosa conducente ao casamento diz respeito.Para o efeito, foram analisados, a luz do contexto sociocultural e politico das duas primeiras decadas do Estado Novo em Portugal, sete filmes de ‘comedia a portuguesa’ marcantes do chamado ‘periodo de ouro’ do cinema portugues.A analise comparada do enredo faz emergir um paradoxo: por um lado, o casamento, tido a luz da epoca como epicentro da vida privada e unidade primaria da vida social e afetiva, e naturalmente um dos topicos centrais nessas narrativas - tudo se encaminha para ele como concretizacao e realizacao individual. Porem - salvo rarissimas excecoes -, nada dele e retratado. A sua vivencia exterior ou social, e sobretudo quotidiana, privada, e omissa. Tratado dessa forma, o casamento nao e mais do que um “desfecho ornamental” e uma utopia: o circulo da vida comum a dois nunca e invadido pelo espetador.

The research project carried out aimed to establish guidelines for urban design, especially adjusted to specific climatic conditions and to local design practice. With the aid of a simulation program, Townscope III, several urban scenarios were characterized in what concerns solar access. Some results are presented for the specific case of a block in Espinho. Four different building models were tested. Solar access was evaluated and its repercussion on heating and cooling energy needs of the buildings was estimated. A virtual scenario with an increase of the density of the urban surrounding area was also assessed.

Augmented reality (AR) is the fusion of computer-generated and real-time images. AR can be used in surgery as a navigation tool, by creating a patient-specific virtual model through 3D software manipulation of DICOM imaging (e.g., CT scan). The virtual model can be superimposed to real-time images enabling transparency visualization of internal anatomy and accurate localization of tumors. However, the 3D model is rigid and does not take into account inner structures' deformations. We present a concept of automated AR registration, while the organs undergo deformation during surgical manipulation, based on finite element modeling (FEM) coupled with optical imaging of fluorescent surface fiducials.Two 10 × 1 mm wires (pseudo-tumors) and six 10 × 0.9 mm fluorescent fiducials were placed in ex vivo porcine kidneys (n = 10). Biomechanical FEM-based models were generated from CT scan. Kidneys were deformed and the shape changes were identified by tracking the fiducials, using a near-infrared optical system. The changes were registered automatically with the virtual model, which was deformed accordingly. Accuracy of prediction of pseudo-tumors' location was evaluated with a CT scan in the deformed status (ground truth). In vivo: fluorescent fiducials were inserted under ultrasound guidance in the kidney of one pig, followed by a CT scan. The FEM-based virtual model was superimposed on laparoscopic images by automatic registration of the fiducials.Biomechanical models were successfully generated and accurately superimposed on optical images. The mean measured distance between the estimated tumor by biomechanical propagation and the scanned tumor (ground truth) was 0.84 ± 0.42 mm. All fiducials were successfully placed in in vivo kidney and well visualized in near-infrared mode enabling accurate automatic registration of the virtual model on the laparoscopic images.Our preliminary experiments showed the potential of a biomechanical model with fluorescent fiducials to propagate the deformation of solid organs' surface to their inner structures including tumors with good accuracy and automatized robust tracking.

This paper deals with the experience of archive and memory as key aspects in the photographic work of the Portuguese artist Juliao Sarmento. Taking the installation entitled 1947 — based on the appropriation of an ensemble of found photographs — as the central object of study, this paper seeks to discuss the relationship between archive, memory and the photographic, or the filmic. It is argued that in Juliao Sarmento’s artistic work the problematic of the archive acquires an autographical dimension, allowing us to think over the role of both archive and memory as creative processes involving distinct supports and temporalities of the image. It is through the articulation of the psychoanalytical theory regarding recurrence and the unconscious and crucial references whose authors directly or indirectly approach the theme of the archive (J. Derrida, G. Didi-Huberman, H. Foster, A. Buchanan and J. Schwartz, among others) that we will be able to understand the way the archive structure acquires, in Juliao Sarm...

The TC system, developed in 2002, allows the endodontic filling by means of a non-conventional technique that uses gutta-percha at alpha phase, thermoplasticized in its own oven, placed into canal through a McSpadden compactor, without using a main cone. Objective: The aim of this case report was to show the TC system used for root canal filling. Case report: Three teeth of a patient was indicated for endodontic treatment, so TC system was used for the root filling. Conclusion: This technique showed to be effective for the root canal filling.

Artificial marker mapping is a useful tool for fast camera localization estimation with a certain degree of accuracy in large indoor and outdoor environments. Nonetheless, the level of accuracy can still be enhanced to allow the creation of applications such as the new Visual Odometry and SLAM datasets, low-cost systems for robot detection and tracking, and pose estimation. In this work, we propose to improve the accuracy of map construction using artificial markers (mapping method) and camera localization within this map (localization method) by introducing a new type of artificial marker that we call the smart marker. A smart marker consists of a square fiducial planar marker and a pose measurement system (PMS) unit. With a set of smart markers distributed throughout the environment, the proposed mapping method estimates the markers&rsquo, poses from a set of calibrated images and orientation/distance measurements gathered from the PMS unit. After this, the proposed localization method can localize a monocular camera with the correct scale, directly benefiting from the improved accuracy of the mapping method. We conducted several experiments to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The results show that our approach decreases the Relative Positioning Error (RPE) by 85% in the mapping stage and Absolute Trajectory Error (ATE) by 50% for the camera localization stage in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods present in the literature.

Although the existence of building energy efficiency policies for several years, studies show that up to 74% of the participant consider their house uncomfortable. European policies favored construction solutions focused on insulating materials rather than other solutions which traditionally were used and proved to be effective. Construction system that uses earth as construction material showed for centuries that it can offer high levels of thermal comfort in a passive way, with a highly sustainable and quasi-neutral environmental impact. With this paper, a study on the thermal performance of three contemporany rammed earth buildings is presented. The aim is to analyze thermal comfort over a critical period of time. It is expected that earth construction proves to be a good choice, creating a sustainable and better integration with the local environment, with almost zero energy incorporation, promoting the local work craftmen and with a construction range price below the common construction systems.

espanolLas imagenes que construyen el ideal de la 'nueva' mujer del Estado Novo portugues, establecen una guia importante para entender como se utilizo la fotografia como medio de inculcacion de un modelo femenino de acuerdo con la ideologia del regimen. Estas revelan una intrinseca dialectica entre temas / formas 'tradicionalistas' y 'modernistas'. Tomando como tema las fotos publicadas en el "Boletim de la Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina" (1939-1947), el objetivo de este articulo es entender como esta dialectica se lleva a cabo al servicio de la propaganda del Estado Novo EnglishThe images that outlined the 'new' women ideal of the Portuguese New State government (Estado Novo), set an important guide to understand how the photography was used to establish a female role model consentaneous with the regime ideology. At first glance these images appear odd and contradictory, but a closer look one can identify an intrinsic dialectic between 'tradition' and 'modernist' themes and forms. Taking as case study the Boletim de Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina (Portuguese Women’s Youth Bulletin) (1939-1947), the aim of this work is to analyze how this dialectic was operated at the service of the New State propaganda. portuguesAs imagens que constroem o ideal de 'nova' mulher do Estado Novo Portugues estabelecem um importante guia para compreender a forma heterodoxa e 'contraditoria' como foi usada a fotografia enquanto meio de inculcacao de um modelo feminino consentâneo com a ideologia do regime. Estas revelam uma intrinseca dialetica entre temas / formas 'tradicionalistas' e 'modernistas'. Tomando como objecto de analise as fotografias publicadas no Boletim da Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina (1939-1947), o objectivo deste artigo e compreender de que modo esta dialetica e realizada ao servico da propaganda do Estado Novo.

EnglishWhat space can the portrait preserve in a structure that increasingly places such emphasis on the body? Would it be fair to say that the body, starting from the last decades of the twentieth century, has developed into such a despotic signifier that it now overshadows any form of artistic expression to the point of affecting the very practice of portraiture, daring to eclipse what was central to it, the image of the face? Based on the notion of visageite (faciality), developed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and Jose Gil's contributions towards concepts such as “body-landscapes”, “face-landscapes” and “face-becoming”, this essay intends to reflect on a process called “transference of functionality”, to ponder how the body becomes a 'face'. portuguesQue espaco ocupa o retrato num panorama que da tanta enfase ao corpo? E caso para dizer que o corpo, a partir das ultimas decadas do seculo XX, se tornou num significante despotico que subordina qualquer expressao artistica chegando mesmo ao ponto de afectar a pratica do retrato ousando eclipsar daquilo que com ele estava mais conotado: a imagem de um rosto. Partindo do conceito de visageite de Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari e das nocoes “paisagens-corpos”, “paisagens-rostos” e “devir-rosto” desenvolvidas por Jose Gil, predentemos com este ensaio reflectir sobre um processo que aqui designamos de “transferencia de funcionalidade”, atraves da qual o corpo se torna “rosto”.

The problems of environmental sustainability and energy saving are universal and common to all countries and regions worldwide. The interdependence with climatic and environmental factors is a reality that makes all countries and all citizens equally responsible for the present ecological problems, which will inevitably worsen if we are not all aware and supportive to their mitigation, if not prevention.

This chapter presents the various typologies that can be found in vernacular architecture across Portugal. It will be shown how these variations result from an adaptation to the local contexts, including climatic characteristics. Considerations will also be taken on other aspects of sustainability, including refurbishment, environmental performance, and cultural issues. The chapter consists of the National Survey on Regional Architecture, Regional Variations: Context Considerations, Minho, Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Cova da Beira, Estremadura and Ribatejo, Inland Alentejo, Coastal Alentejo, Lower Alentejo and Algarve, Vernacular revival, Conclusions, and References.

The case of Martinique offers some new insights on the capacity of diversification as a way out of recessions. Economic accounting of Martinique shows that diversification in service activities can have a causal and long effect on macroeconomic growth but not necessarily on per income capita growth. Reflecting on the last half century of this small island, an Overseas Region of France, using the models of the New Development Structuralist Approach suggests that diversification can be a consequence of a development strategy and a macroeconomic growth accelerator as well, if the territory itself is considered as a product: “a strategic invisible service”.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Reabilitação e Acessibilidade Humana presentada à Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Devido à quantidade e tamanho, não se fez o upload dos anexos

Resumo O início da década de 1980 caracteriza-se pelo esgotamento dos regimes autoritários na América do Sul. O longo processo de transição que passaram alguns países, ou a abrupta ruptura institucional de outros, marcou o retorno dos partidos à arena de disputa política. Como diversos autores pontuaram, desde então, tem-se assistido a emergência de novos atores políticos ou transformações de partidos anteriormente consolidados. Neste trabalho, investigamos as dinâmicas do surgimento de novos partidos no subcontinente. Os mesmos são tratados enquanto organizações que se apresentam pela primeira vez em pleito nacional. Consideramos todas as eleições (91) realizadas no período de 1979 até 2015, no sentido de observar as variações do número de novos partidos que surgiram em cada pleito, a partir de fontes secundárias (outros trabalhos) e primárias (bancos de dados dos respectivos tribunais eleitorais). A literatura que trata do surgimento de novos partidos, em democracias consolidadas ou emergentes, aponta distintas variáveis que impactam nos incentivos à gênese de novas organizações. Crises políticas ou sociais, atores políticos e/ou incentivos institucionais. Em nosso caso, a partir da análise estatística multivariada, buscamos perceber quais são as variáveis que têm mais efeito sobre o surgimento de novos partidos. Os resultados apontam que existem diferenças significativas entre os países, sendo os Andinos muito mais propensos à emergência de novos partidos, devido a alterações Constitucionais específicas. Causas sociais, como alto desemprego e baixo crescimento econômico, também foram significantes para explicar por que em alguns contextos surgiram mais novos partidos do que em outros. Abstract The opening of the 1980s was characterized by the exhaustion of authoritarian regimes in South America. The long transition process that some countries have undergone, or the abrupt institutional rupture of others countries, marked the return of the parties to political arena. Thenceforth, as several authors have pointed out, there has been the emergence of new political actors or transformations of previously consolidated political parties. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of the emergence of new parties in the subcontinent. We thought these parties as organizations that participated for the first time in general elections. We take account of the general elections (91) carried out in the period from 1979 to 2015 through secondary (scholar’s works) and primary sources (databases of the respective courts elections), observing the variations in the number of new parties that arose in each election. The literature concerned with the emergence of new parties in consolidated or emerging democracies points out different variables that influence in the genesis of new organizations, as political or social crises, political actors and / or institutional incentives. In our case, through multivariate statistical analysis, we seek to understand which are the variables that have the greatest impact on the emergence of new parties. The outcomes indicate that there are significant differences between countries, with Andean countries being much more prone to the emergence of new parties due to specific constitutional changes. Social causes, such as high unemployment and low economic growth, were also significant in explaining why in some contexts appeared more new parties than in others.

We describe the potent effect of myriadenolide (Myr), a naturally occurring labdane diterpene, in promoting the production of eosinophils in cultured bone-marrow from several inbred mouse strains. This enhancing effect is lineage-selective and requires the eosinophil growth factors, Interleukin(IL)-5 or GM-CSF. Myr acts over a very low concentration range (10-10-10-14 M), if added at the beginning of the cell cultivation. Its enhancing effect increases between 24 h and 10 days of culture. We used both pharmacological and genetical tools to analyze its mechanism of action. Several lines of evidence show that the enhancing effect of Myr requires functional integrity of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, and of CysLT1 receptors, which transduce the effects of cysteinyl-leukotrienes generated through this pathway. Myr also protects developing eosinophils from apoptosis induced by exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but not by NO, indicating that it acts upstream of NO in the PGE2-initiated proapoptotic pathway which requires iNOS and CD95. Exposure to NO concentrations insufficient to induce apoptosis abolished the ability of eosinophils to respond to Myr, suggesting the involvement of a NO-sensitive cellular target. Myr has potential as a chemically defined research tool, which can be used to generate large numbers of eosinophils, thereby overcoming current limitations in the biochemical and molecular biological study of murine eosinophils, which has so far depended on complex, labor-intensive and long-term culture protocols for in vitro expansion. SUMMARY: Potent enhancing effects of Myr on eosinophil production in bone marrow stimulated by GM-CSF and IL-5 are mediated by the 5-LO pathway.

Learning a gesture pertains to learning a expression of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head, and/or body. In this work, we propose to employ haptic feedback as an additional tool in the gesture following/evaluation loop. Accordingly, the user wears a haptic wearable device in the form of a bracelet which vibrates according to the trajectory error. Our research hypothesis is then to investigate whether such haptic device aids the user in correcting his movement in relation to the prerecorded trajectory.

Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) act as potent regulators in many aspects of mammalian reproduction, development, repair, and maintenance of differentiated tissue functioning. Unlike other vitamins, Vitamin A and retinoids, which have hormonal actions, present significant toxicity, which plays roles in clinically relevant situations, such as hypervitaminosis A and retinoic acid ("differentiation") syndrome. Although clinical presentation is conspicuous in states of insufficient or excessive Vitamin A and retinoid concentration, equally relevant effects on host resistance to specific infectious agents, and in the general maintenance of immune homeostasis, may go unnoticed, because their expression requires either pathogen exposure or the presence of inflammatory co-morbidities. There is a vast literature on the roles played by retinoids in the maintenance of a tolerogenic, noninflammatory environment in the gut mucosa, which is considered by many investigators representative of a general role played by retinoids as anti-inflammatory hormones elsewhere. However, in the gut mucosa itself, as well as in the bone marrow and inflammatory sites, context determines whether one observes an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory action of retinoids. Both interactions between specialized cell populations, and interactions between retinoids and other classes of mediators/regulators, such as cytokines and glucocorticoid hormones, must be considered as important factors contributing to this overall context. We review evidence from recent studies on mucosal immunity, granulocyte biology and respiratory allergy models, highlighting the relevance of these variables as well as their possible contributions to the observed outcomes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare root preparation of deciduous teeth with WaveOne Large (WO) and ProTaper F4 (PT) instruments with or without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Methods and Materials: Forty-eight deciduous teeth were scanned before and after root preparation and divided in four groups (n=12): WO+EDTA (WO); WO+EDTA with PUI (WOPUI); PTF+EDTA (PT); and PT+EDTA with PUI (PTPUI). Root canal enlargement by micro-computed tomography and root canal cleaning by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were analyzed. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests to analyze the root canal volume variation, and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate the cleaning efficacy. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: No significant difference occurred in total volume between groups (P>0.05). On analysis by thirds of the root canal, there was a difference in volume between WO (cervical) compared to WO and PT (apical), and PTPUI (middle and apical) (P

O aumento do uso de redes sem fios e a constante miniaturizacao dos dispositivos permitiram o desenvolvimento das redes de sensores corporais sem fio (do ingles, wireless body area networks — WBANs). Nessas redes, diversos sensores sao posicionados sobre ou sob a pele do usuario. Os sensores de uma WBAN coletam dados sobre batimentos cardiacos, temperatura corporal ou ate mesmo um prolongado cardiograma. Atraves do uso de WBAN, os usuarios terao um monitoramento nao invasivo e que pouco afeta a sua mobilidade. Essas caracteristicas, no entanto, abrem portas para diversos problemas. Por transmitir informacoes criticas, a comunicacao e sensivel a latencia e a perda de pacotes. De fato, alta latencia e perda de dados vitais podem acarretar em serias consequencias na vida dos pacientes e, em casos extremos, levando ao obito. As caracteristicas inerentes em uma comunicacao sem fio geram problemas para redes corporais. Com sua popularizacao e alta mobilidade, e razoavel considerar a existencia de ambientes medicos muito densos, em que duas ou mais redes corporais podem utilizar simultaneamente o mesmo canal de comunicacao sem fio. Essa situacao potencializa as interferencias, acarretando um maior numero de retransmissoes e perdas de pacotes, e, consequentemente, levando a um aumento da latencia. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta o PDAC (Protocol for Dynamic Channel AlioCation), um protocolo para alocacao dinâmica de canais, ciente dos requisitos de aplicacoes medicas. O PDAC oferece uma solucao para reduzir interferencias entre redes corporais sem fio tirando proveito da arquitetura de um ambiente hospitalar. No PDAC, diversas estacoes base trabalham de forma colaborativa para atender aos requisitos das aplicacoes medicas. Para uma alocacao livre de interferencias, o PDAC e inspirado por uma solucao gulosa de um problema de coloracao de grafos, oferecendo meios para evitar que estacoes base vizinhas utilizem o mesmo canal simultaneamente. Alem disso, o PDAC oferece, atraves da agregacao de canais, melhores vazoes. A avaliacao de desempenho do PDAC foi realizada em duas fases: por meio de experimentos de simulacao e analises formais. Os resultados de simulacao indicam que, em um ambiente medico realista, o PDAC e capaz de em media aumentar a vazao em 30% e reduzir a latencia em 40%, quando comparado com protocolos de alocacao de frequencia do estado da arte. A outra fase consiste na verificacao formal que por sua vez mostrou a coerencia do protocolo e que o mesmo satisfaz todas as propriedades de seguranca verificadas.

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os modelos que melhor explicam as relações entre as variáveis do scout dos jogos da Copa do Mundo de futebol de 2014. Foram analisados os 32 jogos da competição. Os dados foram retirados do site oficial da Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA). Os resultados indicaram que os modelos para as variáveis passes certos (r²=0,710), posse de bola (r²=0,679), cruzamentos (r²=0,639) e gols feitos (r²=0,608) foram significativos (p

The application of composite steel-concrete slabs with profiled steel sheeting has increased, due to the various advantages in relation to reinforced concrete slabs such as, the reduced thickness, the reduced amount of lost formwork needed, as well as the speed of execution. The loss of longitudinal shear resistance is, generally, the governing design mode for simply supported spans of common lengths. For common distributed loadings, the composite behaviour is influenced by the partial shear connection between the concrete and the steel sheeting. The present research work is intended to contribute to improving the ultimate limit state behaviour of composite slabs using end anchorage. Eurocode 4, Part 1.1 (EN 1994-1-1) provides an analytical methodology for predicting the increase of longitudinal resistance, achieved by using shear studs welded through the steel sheeting as the end anchorage mechanism. The code does not supply an analytical methodology for other kinds of end anchorage so, additional tests or studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of these types of anchorage. The influence of end anchorage mechanisms provided by transverse rebars at the ends of simply supported composite slabs is analysed in this paper. Two experimental programmes were carried out, the first to determine the resistance provided by the new end anchorage mechanism and the second to analyse its influence on the behaviour of simply supported composite slabs.

This study aimed to verify the viability of propagation material from coffee plants descended from germplasm susceptible to blister spot disease as well as its susceptibility to Colletotrichum sp. relative to commercial coffee cultivars. In the first experiment, fruits were harvested from plants with and without symptoms of blister spot and sowed in trays containing a commercial sterilized substrate. The percentages of germinated seeds, viable plantlets and seedlings were evaluated. In diseased tissues, pathogens were isolated and identified though a pathogenicity test. In the second experiment, ten commercial cultivars and one cultivar originating from plants with blister spot were inoculated with the pathogens to assess the severity of anthracnose. Significant differences were not observed with respect to seed germination. However, the viability of plantlets and seedlings was reduced in the cultivar originating from plants with blister spot (Genotype Originated from Diseased Plants-GODP). These plants showed characteristic symptoms of blister spot, including necrosis in the leaves and hypocotyls, wilting and death. In the necrotic lesions, we observed characteristic sporulation of Colletotrichum sp. The cultivar most susceptible to anthracnose in cotyledonary leaves was Catuaí Vermelho (GODP), which presented the highest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). In conclusion, the viability of propagation material from coffee plants that had descended from plants with symptoms of blister spot (GODP) was reduced compared with plants from other genotypes, although seed germination was not affected. Moreover, GODP species are more susceptible to Anthracnose on the cotyledonary leaves relative to the other analyzed commercial cultivars. This work is the first to report on different symptoms exhibited by seedlings originating from the seeds of plants with symptoms of blister spot.. Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a viabilidade de material propagativo de cafeeiro proveniente de germoplasma susceptível a Mancha manteigosa, assim como a sua susceptibilidade a Colletotrichum sp. em comparação a cultivares comerciais de cafeeiro. No primeiro experimento, frutos foram colhidos de plantas com e sem sintomas da mancha manteigosa e a semeadura realizada em bandejas contendo substrato esterilizado. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de sementes germinadas e de plântulas e mudas viáveis. Realizou-se o isolamento, a identificação do patógeno dos tecidos doentes e o teste de patogenicidade. No segundo experimento, inoculou-se o patógeno em dez cultivares de cafeeiro e em uma cultivar originada de plantas com Mancha manteigosa (GOPD) para a avaliação da severidade da antracnose. Não houve diferença quanto à germinação das sementes. Porém, a viabilidade das plântulas e das mudas, foi reduzida nos GOPDs. Estes apresentaram sintomas da mancha manteigosa, necrose nas folhas e nos hipocótilos, murcha e morte. Nas lesões necrosadas observou-se esporulação característica de Colletotrichum spp. A cultivar Catuaí Vermelho (GOPD) foi altamente suscetível à antracnose nas folhas cotiledonares apresentando a maior AACPD em relação aos outros genótipos testados. Conclui-se que a viabilidade de material propagativo de cafeeiro proveniente de sementes de plantas com Mancha manteigosa (GOPDs) é menor do que em plantas provenientes de outros genótipos, porém a germinação não foi afetada. Além disso, Os GOPDs são mais suscetíveis à Antracnose nas folhas cotiledonares do que em outras cultivares comerciais analisadas. Este trabalho foi o primeiro a relatar os diferentes sintomas apresentados pelas mudas originadas de sementes de plantas com sintomas da mancha manteigosa.

The impressive growth of cruise tourism in Dominica, inside highly competitive area of the Caribbean basin, gives the island an astonishing flavor of success. By adopting a systemic approach the article demonstrates that three agents concentrate more than 70% of the financial impact of the cruise activity in Dominica: the local travel agencies, souvenir shops and the cruise lines. The low dispersion of the beneficiaries is concomitant with a spatial concentration and a minimal macroeconomic benefit. This case study, devoted to Dominica, suggests a highly concentrated model of cruise tourism in the Caribbean underpinned by organized tours as the main mode of experiencing the stopovers and a source of revenue for cruise lines, whose subcontractor: the local travel agencies are the primary distribution channel of cruise tourism revenue, high level of economic and spatial concentration generating low trickle down macroeconomic effect.

Compounds isolated from essential oils play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Monoterpenes are natural products, and the principal constituents of many essential oils. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of p-menthane derivatives. Additionally, analogues of perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene with known anticancer activity, were evaluated to identify the molecular characteristics which contribute to their cytotoxicity, which was tested against OVCAR-8, HCT-116, and SF-295 human tumor cell lines, using the MTT assay. The results of this study showed that (−)-perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide exhibited the highest percentage inhibition of cell proliferation (GI = 96.32%–99.89%). Perillyl alcohol exhibited high cytotoxic activity (90.92%–95.82%), while (+)-limonene 1,2-epoxide (GI = 58.48%–93.10%), (−)-perillaldehyde (GI = 59.28%–83.03%), and (−)-8-hydroxycarvotanacetone (GI = 61.59%–94.01%) showed intermediate activity. All of the compounds tested were less cytotoxic than perillyl alcohol, except (−)-perillaldehyde 8,9-epoxide (IC50 = 1.75–1.03 µL/mg). In general, replacement of C-C double bonds by epoxide groups in addition to the aldehyde group increases cytotoxicity. Furthermore, stereochemistry seems to play an important role in cytotoxicity. We have demonstrated the cytotoxic influence of chemical substituents on the p-menthane structure, and analogues of perillyl alcohol.

Background and Purpose α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a pleiotropic immunomodulator with therapeutic potential in neoplastic, autoimmune and allergic diseases, activates invariant natural killer T-cells throughCD1-restricted receptors for α-GalCer on antigen-presenting cells, inducing cytokine secretion. However the haemopoietic effects of α-GalCer remain little explored. Experimental Approach α-GalCer-induced modulation of eosinophil production in IL-5-stimulated bone marrow cultures was examined in wild-type (BALB/c, C57BL/6) mice and their mutants lacking CD1, inducible NOS (iNOS), CD95 and IFN-γ, along with the effects of lymphocytes; IFN-γ; caspase and iNOS inhibitors; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and LTD4; and dexamethasone. Key Results α-GalCer (10−6–10−8M) suppressed IL-5-stimulated eosinopoiesis by inducing apoptosis. α-GalCer pretreatment in vivo (100 μg·kg−1, i.v.) suppressed colony formation by GM-CSF-stimulated bone marrow progenitors in semi-solid cultures. α-GalCer and dexamethasone synergistically promoted eosinophil maturation. Suppression of eosinophil production by α-GalCer was prevented by aminoguanidine and was undetectable in bone marrow lacking iNOS, CD95, CD28; or CD1d. Separation on Percoll gradients and depletion of CD3+ cells made bone marrow precursors unresponsive to α-GalCer. Responsiveness was restored with splenic lymphocytes. Experiments with (i) IFN-γ-deficient bone marrow, alone or co-cultured with spleen T-cells from wild-type, but not from CD1d-deficient, donors; (ii) IFN-γ neutralization; and (iii) recombinant IFN-γ, showed that these effects of α-GalCer were mediated by IFN-γ. Effects of α-GalCer on eosinophil production were blocked by LTD4 and NSAIDs. Conclusions and Implications α-GalCer activation of IFN-γ-secreting, CD1d-restricted lymphocytes induced iNOS-CD95-dependent apoptosis in developing eosinophils. This pathway is initiated by endogenous regulatory lymphocytes, antagonised by LTD4, NSAIDs and aminoguanidine, and modified by dexamethasone.

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a quantidade de fibras presentes em corpos de prova de concreto cilíndricos, com 100 mm de diâmetro e 200 mm de altura, reforçados com fibras de aço, utilizando o processamento digital de imagens (PDI) das seções transversais dos corpos de prova. O programa experimental consistiu na produção de 192 corpos de prova a partir de três diferentes teores de fibras de aço incorporadas a mistura do concreto (20 kg/m³, 30 kg/m³ e 40 kg/m³), sendo 64 corpos de prova para cada teor de fibra. Destes, 32 foram desmoldados ainda no estado fresco e as fibras foram separadas e 32 foram cortados transversalmente para obtenção de imagens das seções. A estimativa da quantidade de fibras presentes no concreto foi realizada com a utilização de uma rotina de programação desenvolvida em ambiente MatLAB, que fez a análise da imagem digital da seção transversal do corpo de prova, identificando a segmentação das fibras presentes. Os valores estimados para a quantidade de fibras utilizando o processamento de imagens foram comparados com as quantidades obtidas na desmoldagem dos corpos de prova no estado fresco. Os resultados para estimativa utilizando o PDI foram satisfatórios não havendo variação significativa para as duas formas de estimativas do volume de fibras. This work aims to estimate the amount of fibers present in cylindrical concrete specimens, 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm high, reinforced with steel fibers, using the digital image processing of the cross sections of the specimens. The experimental program consisted of the production of 192 specimens from three different levels of steel fibers (20 kg / m³, 30 kg / m³ and 40 kg / m³). fiber content. Of these, 32 were still demoulded in the fresh state and the fibers were separated and 32 were cut crosswise to obtain images of the sections. The estimation of the amount of fibers present in the concrete was carried out using a programming routine developed in MatLAB environment, which allows the analysis of the digital image of the cross section of the specimen, identifying and segmenting the fibers present. The estimated values for the amount of fibers using the image processing were compared with the quantities obtained in the demoulding of the specimens in the fresh state. The results for the estimation using the PDI were satisfactory, there was no significant variation for the two forms of fiber volume estimates. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Bufadienolides show a wide variety of biological activities, including antineoplastic activities. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic potential and mechanisms of action of two bufadienolides: bufalin (BUF-05) and 3-acetate bufalin (BUF-06). Cytotoxic potential was evaluated using seven human tumor cell lines, three normal murine cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Both bufadienolides were shown to be quite cytotoxic to all tumor cell lines (IC50 from 3 to 32 nM), with BUF06 being slightly more potent than BUF05. In PBMCs, bufadienolides showed IC50 values of about 25nM. The compounds showed no cytotoxicity towards normal murine. The PC-3 prostate cell line was chosen to elucidate the mechanism of action of the bufadienolides. Impedance based real-time growth assay analysis showed that both bufadienolides have a similar profile, increasing impedance in the first few hours, then reducing below the control curves, and finally reaching plateau shortly thereafter. Light scanning photomicrographs showed an increase in cell size for both bufadienolides. Cell viability by flow cytometry indicated a reduction in the number of cells and mebrane integrity at 24 and 48 hours. Morphological analysis by flow cytometry revealed that both compounds increased the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, morphological analysis using differential staining showed the emergence of apoptotic and necrotic cells. In order to confirm the apoptotic profile, phosphatidylserine externalization detection was performed, which showed an increase of initial apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis after 48 hours incubation for both bufadienolides. The compounds also showed mitochondrial depolarization for both incubation times. Western blot analysis revealed a discrete cleavage of PARP and caspase 8. However, effector caspases 3 and 7 were not activated. Low expression of antiapoptotic components Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, as well as decrease of proapoptotic Bax suggest non-induction of apoptotic cell death. Evaluation of nuclear DNA content showed that both bufadienolides provoked cell arrest in the G2/M phase after 24 and 48 hours incubation. When analyzing cyclin expression involved in the cell cycle, the absence of cyclin A2 and accumulation of cyclin B1 was observed for both compounds, possibly indicating arrest in M phase. DNA damage was accessed by comet assay and phosphorylated H2AX labeling, which showed that the compounds were not able to produce DNA damage. Evaluation of the involvement of DNA repair pathways using DT40 knockout cells suggested that PARP may be involved in the cell death caused by both bufadienolides tested. PARP hyperactivation is a hallmark of parthanatos, a regulated type of necrotic cell death. Furthermore, topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage assays showed the inhibition of topoisomerase II by both BUF-06 and BUF-05. In silico molecular docking assays revealed strong affinity of both bufadienolides for the ATPase portion of topoisomerase IIα, indicating possible catalytic inhibition. Overall, these results indicate that 3-acetate bufalin has a cytotoxic profile similar to bufalin. Os bufadienolídeos possuem uma grande variedade de atividades biológicas, incluindo atividade antineoplásica. O presente estudo avaliou o potencial citotóxico bem como o mecanismo de ação de dois bufadienolídeos: a bufalina (BUF-05) e seu análogo 3-acetato de bufalina (BUF-06). O potencial citotóxico foi avaliado em sete linhagens tumorais humanas, três linhagens murinas normais e em células mononucleadas do sangue periférico (CMSP) humano. Ambos os bufadienolídeos se mostraram bastante citotóxicos (IC50 3 a 32 nM), onde 3-acetato de bufalina se mostrou mais potente que bufalina. Em relação a CMSP, os bufadienolídeos também se mostraram citotóxicos (IC50 25 nM). Os bufadienolídeos não se mostraram citotóxicos para as linhagens murinas. A linhagem celular de próstata PC-3 foi escolhida para determinação dos mecanismos de ação dos bufadienolídeos. A análise do crescimento celular em tempo real por impedância mostrou que tanto BUF-06 como BUF-05 possuem perfil similar com aumento da impedância logo nas primeiras horas, reduzindo após 24 horas para abaixo da curva do controle negativo e atingindo platô em seguida. A viabilidade das células por citometria de fluxo indicou a redução do número de células e integridade de membrana em 24 e 48 horas. A análise morfológica por citometria de fluxo revelou aumento do número de células em padrão apoptótico. Já a análise morfológica por coloração diferencial, mostrou o surgimento de células tanto com padrão apoptótico quanto necrótico. No intuito de confirmar o perfil apoptótico, foi realizado a determinação da externalização de fosfatidilserina, a qual mostrou aumento significativo de apoptose inicial em 24 horas e apoptose tardia para 48 horas em ambos os bufadienolídeos. Os bufadienolídeos apresentaram, ainda, despolarização mitocondrial em ambos os tempos de incubação. As análises por western blot revelaram que houve clivagem discreta de PARP e caspase 8. No entanto, as caspases efetoras 3 e 7 não se mostraram ativadas. A diminuição da expressão dos componentes antiapoptóticos Bcl-2 e Bcl-xL, bem como dimuição do componente pró-apoptótico Bax sugere a não indução de morte por apoptose. A avaliação da quantidade de DNA nuclear revelou que ambos os bufadienolídeos causaram acúmulo de células na fase G2/M após 24 e 48 horas de incubação. Ao se analisar a expressão de ciclinas envolvidas no ciclo celular, foi observada ausência da ciclina A2 e acúmulo de B1 para ambos os compostos, podendo indicar acúmulo de células na fase M. As avaliações por meio do ensaio do cometa e marcação de H2AX fosforilado, os quais revelaram que os compostos não foram capazes de causar dano ao DNA. A avaliação do envolvimento das vias de reparo de DNA utilizando células DT40 knockout, mostrou que PARP pode estar envolvido no processo de morte promovido pelos bufadienolídeos. Além disso, os ensaios de clivagem de DNA mediados por topoisomerase mostraram a inibição de topoisomerase II tanto por BUF-06 como por BUF-05. Ensaios in silico por docking molecular revelaram forte afinidade para a porção ATPásica de topoisomerase IIα, indicando uma possível inibição catalítica. Desse modo, os resultados apontam que 3-acetato de bufalina possui perfil citotóxico semelhante a bufalina.

Portugal mainland has 1230 Km of coast, almost half of its borders. The human pressure upon the seacoast is a growing phenomenon – recent estimates show that more than 80% of the population will live in these coastal areas in the near future. This human pressure upon the coast is a true challenge in terms of sustainable development (cf. Fig. 6.1). It often leads to the degradation of the living space, and valuable natural resources. Also, global warming is a serious threat for seaside areas, with the increase in frequency and intensity of extreme phenomena such as strong winds and hurricanes, floods, and sea level rise. The following chapters will present an overview on the evolution and present situation of seaside building in Portugal, both at urban and building level, showing good and bad examples, and pointing out best practice design strategies.

Interdisciplinary collaborative design for culturally diverse and under-represented communities hinges on understanding cultural environments; building trusting relationships and fostering a respectful approach to community. It requires a diverse disciplinary knowledge and the capacity to take action by blurring the boundaries between disciplines. This chapter discusses the application of design-led research approach with a participatory design mind-set by bringing the users to the forefront of a design as active co-creators. It examines two projects – a Māori landscape regeneration project in the Wairarapa region of Wellington; and a Tokelau / Pasifika cultural museum exhibition. The research project is framed around three critical stages: design analysis, design exploration and design synthesis. This interdisciplinary collaborative research process can create new opportunities for architectural design education as it educates students and the wider community as active world-citizens.

The regulation of the oocyte epigenome is essential for meiosis and for the generation of a competent female gamete, yet many of the mechanisms behind such requirements are still poorly understood. In this article we will review our current understanding on the epigenetic regulation of the primary oocyte during prophase I-arrest over different species highlighting the differences and similarities between them. Our working hypothesis is that regardless of distinct reproductive strategies the regulation of oocyte epigenome is likely to be conserved across metazoans.

This chapter proposes that the philosophy of phenomenology is highly applicable, if not necessary, for a deeper and more integrated approach to spatial design disciplines in a world that aspire to be sustainable. The chapter develops upon the frameworks established by Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty, and the works since which have attempted integration of such ideas in architecture and design, such as those by Aalto, Norberg-Schulz, Pallasmaa, Frampton, and Zumthor. It evaluates key historical and more recent phenomenological concepts for their importance in contemporary spatial design. Reflecting on these diverse views this chapter focuses on two strands and evaluates their usefulness in facilitating the uptake of sustainability in architecture and design. Although the two notions explored are different, jointly they show that there are significant constructive implications for phenomenology within architecture and design.

Esta dissertação discute a inserção do vídeo nas aulas de matemática. O planejamento e a realização de um conjunto de cinco oficinas sobre vídeos e matemática, com participação de alunos do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio de Porto Alegre, RS, e a análise desse planejamento e do que ocorreu nessas oficinas constituíram o material empírico da pesquisa. Durante o planejamento, o professor definiu que os alunos iriam assistir vídeos de matemática pré-selecionados, que posteriormente seriam testados em algum formato de questionário. No entanto, antes que as oficinas ocorressem, o professor mudou seu planejamento e, a partir dessa modificação, os alunos passaram a ser os responsáveis por escolher os vídeos e agrupá-los em um conjunto, por assunto, com temas pré-estabelecidos pelo docente. Presumindo que esta mudança tenha sido um dos fatores para que o experimento ultrapassasse os limites cronológicos das oficinas, o professor sentiu-se instigado a buscar por ressonâncias da noção deleuziana de ideia no âmbito da Educação Matemática. Esta busca gerou uma questão potencial a respeito dessa modificação de rumo: seria a mudança feita no planejamento uma ideia em Educação Matemática? This thesis discusses the insertion of video in elementary school math classes. The empiric material of the study comprises the plans and execution of a set of five workshops concerning video and mathematics, with the participation of eighth grade students of an Elementary School located in Porto Alegre, RS, as well as the analysis of the plans and what took place in these workshops. The teacher‘s initial plan was for students to watch pre-selected videos, which would later be tested in some form of questionnaire. However, before the workshops began, the teacher changed his plan, giving the students the responsibility of choosing the videos and grouping them in a set determined by topic, with an overarching theme pre-established by the teacher. Presuming that such a change was one of the factors for the experiment to surpass the chronological limits of the workshops, the teacher felt urged to search for resonances of Deleuze‘s notion of idea in Math Education. This search generated a potential question regarding that change of plans: could the change made in planning be considered as an idea in Math Education?

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de 3 métodos utilizados na remoção de pasta hidróxido de cálcio em cavidades simuladas de reabsorção radicular interna (RRI); analisar 2 metodologias de confecção de reabsorção radicular interna in vitro e avaliar 2 métodos de avaliação - microscopia ótica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) – na visualização de hidróxido de cálcio remanescente nas RRI simuladas. Para isso, 82 incisivos centrais superiores com canal único foram selecionados. Os dentes foram instrumentados com Reciproc R50, clivados no sentido vestíbulo palatino e, então, cavidades simuladas de RRI foram criadas a 5mm do ápice com uma ponta diamantada esférica 1016. Doze dentes foram submetidos a um protocolo de desmineralização por ácido nítrico a 5% e 20% para a análise, através de MEV, da criação de irregularidades dentro das RRI. As demais amostras foram unidas com auxílio de cola cianoacrilato em gel. Cinco dentes foram deixados vazios (Controle Negativo) e cinco dentes foram preenchidos com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio e não foram submetidos a nenhum protocolo de irrigação (Controle Positivo). As 60 amostras restantes foram divididas em 5 grupos (n=12) de acordo com o instrumento utilizado para agitação de solução irrigadora: Ultrassom, EndoActivator, Eddy, XP-endo Finisher e XP-endo Shaper. Os dentes foram clivados e submetidos à análise por MO (aumento de 20X) e MEV (aumento de 100X). As cavidades de RRI dos 60 dentes foram limpas e submetidas a um protocolo de desmineralização por ácido nítrico a 20%, unidas e os métodos de agitação de solução irrigadora repetidos, assim como as análises por microscopia. A análise das imagens de hidróxido de cálcio remanescente nas cavidades simuladas de RRI após a irrigação foi realizada por dois examinadores calibrados, seguindo escore já previamente estabelecido na literatura e o teste Kappa ponderado foi realizado (nível de concordância maior que 90%). Foram realizados os testes de Kruskall Wallis para comparação entre os grupos e Mann Whitney para avalição aos pares (nível de significância 0,05). O teste de Wilcoxon foi realizado para avaliação entre os métodos de criação das cavidades (broca/ácido) e métodos de avaliação (MO/MEV). Houve diferença significativa na eficácia dos instrumentos em relação ao método de criação das cavidades assim como aos métodos de avaliação (p0,05). Os grupos XP endo Finisher e Eddy foram mais eficazes na remoção de hidróxido de cálcio, quando as cavidades de RRI foram criadas com o auxílio do protocolo ácido e analisadas por MEV. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 methods to remove of calcium hydroxide paste in simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities; to analyze 2 methods for creation IRR in vitro and to evaluate 2 methods of evaluation - optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) - in the visualization of calcium hydroxide remaining in the simulated IRR. For this, 82 upper central incisors with single root canal were selected. The teeth were shaping with Reciproc R50, splitted longitudinally and simulated IRR cavities were created 5 mm from the apex with a 1016 spherical diamond bur. Twelve teeth were submitted to a demineralization protocol with 5% and 20% nitric and analyzed through MEV to verify the creation of irregularities within the IRR. The specimens were joined with cyanoacrylate gel glue. Five teeth were left empty (Negative Control) and five teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide paste and were not submitted to any irrigation protocol (Positive Control). The remaining samples were divided into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the instrument used for activate solutions: Ultrasound, EndoActivator , Eddy, XP endo Finisher and XP endo Shaper. The teeth were cleaved and submitted to OM analysis (20X magnification) and SEM (100X magnification). The IRR cavities of the 60 teeth were cleaned and submitted to a 20% nitric acid demineralization protocol, and the methods for agitating irrigants was repeated as well as microscopic analysis. The analysis of the images of calcium hydroxide remaining in the simulated IRR cavities after irrigation was performed by two calibrated examiners, following a previously established score in the literature and the Kappa test was performed (concordance level greater than 90%). Kruskall Wallis tests were performed for comparison between the groups and Mann Whitney for peer evaluation (significance level 0.05). The Wilcoxon test was performed for evaluation between cavity creation (bur/acid) methods and evaluation methods (OM/SEM). There was a significant difference in the efficacy of the instruments in relation to the cavity creation method as well as to the evaluation methods (p0.05). The XP endo Finisher and Eddy groups were more efficient in the removal of calcium hydroxide when the IRR were created with the aid of the acid protocol and analyzed by SEM.

The aim of this study was to compare two irrigation techniques and four devices for endodontic sealer placement into the dentinal tubules. Ninety-nine single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and allocated to either the control (CO) (n=11) or experimental groups according to the irrigation method: syringe and NaveTip needle (NT) (n=44), and EndoActivator (EA) (n=44). These groups were subdivided according to sealer placement into K-File (KF), lentulo spiral (LS), Easy Clean (EC), and EndoActivator (EA) subgroups. Moreover, the distances of 5 mm and 2 mm from the apex were analyzed. The teeth were obturated with AH Plus and GuttaCore X3. Analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy associated to cathodoluminescence. The percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured. Data were evaluated by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Games-Howell test (p

A publicação deste número especial temático composto por onze estudos inéditos - intitulado Fotografia e Propaganda no Estado Novo - é a primeira iniciativa editorial do Projecto Fotografia Impressa. Imagem e Propaganda em Portugal (1934-1974) e resulta da chamada de trabalhos ocorrida em Janeiro de 2017, através da revista Comunicação Pública, da Escola Superior de Comunicação Social (ESCS), com o apoio do Instituto de História da Arte da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universida...