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Public infrastructure, such as substations, is crucial for the advancement of the economy and society. However, the "not in my backyard" phenomenon is causing concern among the population, and these two things are at odds with one another. This study aims to investigate the driving mechanism that influences participation willingness of the public in order to promote the construction of substations, so the study proposes an integration model based on the planned behavior theory and the normative activation theory. Moreover, a structural equation model is created using the two dimensions, namely, social altruism and personal egoism, while data of 568 questionnaires are used for empirical research in combination with the "Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory" method; these data are collected in the surrounding areas of three 110kV substations in Jiaozuo city, China. The key factors that affect participation willingness of the public are discussed, and the study demonstrates that the model is most significantly impacted by public trust, which is an a priori variable. Furthermore, the direct path coefficient of personal norms on participation willingness is the largest, which confirms that increased moral responsibility has a beneficial effect on project execution, and subjective norms contribute to the improvement of the assessment model overall since they are the main variables with the largest centrality degree in the system. The findings of this research better our understandings about the mechanism of "not in my backyard" and offer practical implications for its dissolution. On the basis of this, we present pertinent policy proposals for the "not in my backyard" effect that develops during the construction of public infrastructure., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ma, Li, Guo, Cui, Chen, Xv and Wang.)

Tibetan medicine is one of the oldest traditional medicine systems in the world. Taking the Ruyi Zhenbao tablet (RYZB) as an example, which is a widely used classic oral Tibetan medicine, this article discusses the pharmacokinetics of single administration and long-term treatment and analyzed its metabolic properties and tissue distribution in vivo . After single administration, blood samples were collected before administration and at different time points after administration in different groups of rats. In the study of long-term treatment effects, blood samples were collected from the animals in each group on days 1, 15, and 30 and on day 15 after withdrawal. The results showed that after a single administration, the dose change had no significant effect on the T 1/2 and T max of agarotetrol, isoliquiritigenin, and piperine ( p > 0.05). There was a certain correlation between the increase in AUC 0-t and the C max of agarotetrol, isoliquiritigenin, piperine, and the increase in dosage, with a dose range of 0.225-0.900 g/kg. There were no significant differences in C max and AUC 0-t of ferulic acid at different doses ( p > 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant sex-based difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of these four components in rats. After long-term administration, the distribution agarotetrol in various tissues of rats was kidney > liver > heart > brain; the tissue distribution in low- and medium-dose groups of isoliquiritigenin was liver > kidney > heart > brain, and in the high-dose group, kidney > liver > heart > brain. The tissue distribution of piperine in each dose group was liver > kidney > heart > brain, and that of ferulic acid in each dose group was kidney > liver > heart > brain. Through the establishment of the previously developed methodology, the pharmacokinetic properties of RYZB were analyzed after a single administration and long-term administration. Our findings confirmed this approach for the exploration and establishment of a pharmacokinetic evaluation of Tibetan medicine, to support its guiding role in clinical application, but also to accelerate research into Tibetan medicine theory and medicine and to provide a solid foundation for the translation of Tibetan medicine throughout the world., Competing Interests: Authors FL and XC were employed by the company Gansu Cheezheng Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd. Authors BL and YW were employed by the company Yantai Saipute Analyzing Service Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hou, Chen, Xu, Yu, Wang, Liu, Peng, Yang, Li, Che, Li, Wang, Song, Gao, Ye and Zhang.)

Globally all countries encounter air pollution problems along their development path. As a significant indicator of air quality, PM 2.5 concentration has long been proven to be affecting the population's death rate. Machine learning algorithms proven to outperform traditional statistical approaches are widely used in air pollution prediction. However research on the model selection discussion and environmental interpretation of model prediction results is still scarce and urgently needed to lead the policy making on air pollution control. Our research compared four types of machine learning algorisms LinearSVR, K-Nearest Neighbor, Lasso regression, Gradient boosting by looking into their performance in predicting PM 2.5 concentrations among different cities and seasons. The results show that the machine learning model is able to forecast the next day PM 2.5 concentration based on the previous five days' data with better accuracy. The comparative experiments show that based on city level the Gradient Boosting prediction model has better prediction performance with mean absolute error (MAE) of 9 ug/m 3 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.25-16.76 ug/m 3 , lower compared with the other three models, and based on season level four models have the best prediction performances in winter time and the worst in summer time. And more importantly the demonstration of models' different performances in each city and each season is of great significance in environmental policy implications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Background: Varicocele (VC) is a relatively common and treatable cause of male infertility. Mailuoshutong pill (MLST), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, is widely used for treating varicose vein disease, but the underlying mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility is unclear. Objective: To reveal the phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility. Methods: The components in MLST were determined using UHPLC-MS/MS. Through network analysis, we constructed the "Drug-Components-Targets-Disease" network and predicted the potential biological functions and signaling pathways of MLST. Finally, the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of MLST were discovered by pharmacological experiments. Results: By network analysis, the "Drug-Components-Targets-Disease" network was constructed, 62 components such as apigenin, limonin, kaempferol, and obacunoic acid may be the main active components of MLST for varicocele-associated male infertility, 28 targets such as VEGFA, PIK3CA, AKT1, and MTOR are considered as hub targets, signaling pathways such as HIF-1, Estrogen, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR may be key pathways for MLST against varicocele-associated male infertility. Through pharmacological experiments, we found that MLST ameliorated VC-induced testicular atrophy. Further histomorphology showed that MLST reduced VC-induced damage to testicular spermatogonia and seminiferous tubule, while MLST reduced ROS and MDA levels and increased antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT) levels. TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence showed that MLST reduced VC-induced apoptosis in testicular tissue, decreased BAX, and increased BCL2. Western blot results showed that MLST decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins, and decreased the expression of HIF1α. Conclusion: The phytochemical characterisation and multitarget mechanism of MLST on varicocele-associated male infertility were discovered using network analysis and pharmacological experiments. We verified that MLST can inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, reduce the expression of HIF1α, and further attenuate VC-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testis. These findings provide evidence for the therapeutic role of MLST in varicocele-associated male infertility., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lv, Ji, Zhang, Shi, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Ren, Gao and Zhong.)

Neurophysiological research on the bilingual activity of interpretation or interpreting has been very fruitful in understanding the bilingual brain and has gained increasing popularity recently. Issues like word interpreting and the directionality of interpreting have been attended to by many researchers, mainly with localizing techniques. Brain structures such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been repeatedly identified during interpreting. However, little is known about the oscillation and synchronization features of interpreting, especially sentence-level overt interpreting. In this study we implemented a Chinese-English sentence-level overt interpreting experiment with electroencephalography on 43 Chinese-English bilinguals and compared the oscillation and synchronization features of interpreting with those of listening, speaking and shadowing. We found significant time-frequency power differences in the delta-theta (1-7 Hz) and gamma band (above 30 Hz) between motor and silent tasks. Further theta-gamma coupling analysis revealed different synchronization networks in between speaking, shadowing and interpreting, indicating an idea-formulation dependent mechanism. Moreover, interpreting incurred robust right frontotemporal gamma coactivation network compared with speaking and shadowing, which we think may reflect the language conversion process inherent in interpreting., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Kirk, Chen, O’Hagan and Waldie.)

Background: Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitate tumor progression by enabling inter-cellular communication. Tumor cell-derived exosomes can polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the role of exosomal circFARSA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms., Methods: In situ circFARSA expression in NSCLC tissues was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The in vitro migration of NSCLC cells was evaluated using a transwell assay or through indirect co-culture with M2 macrophages, as appropriate. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blotting, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays were conducted for mechanistic studies., Results: CircFARSA was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and the ectopic overexpression of circFARSA enhanced NSCLC cell metastasis. Furthermore, NSCLC cell-derived exosomal circFARSA polarized the macrophages to a M2 phenotype. The NSCLC cells co-cultured with macrophages transfected with circFARSA or pre-treated with exosomal circFARSA showed enhanced EMT and metastasis. Mechanistically, exosomal circFARSA induced M2 polarization via PTEN ubiquitination and degradation, which further activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, eIF4A3 promoted circRNA biogenesis and cyclization by binding to its flanking sequences., Conclusion: Exosomal circFARSA plays a crucial role in cross-talk between macrophages and NSCLC cells through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and is a promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for NSCLC., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background and Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of auscultation-assisted bedside postpyloric feeding tube (ABPFT) placement in early enteral nutritional support for critically ill patients., Methods and Study Design: A prospective observational study was conducted and 92 critically ill patients who met the inclusion criteria undergoing ABPFT placement after the intravenous injection of 10 mg of metoclopramide were included. Abdominal X-ray was performed to confirm the location of the catheter tip. End points investigated were the success rate of tube placement, rate of jejunal tube placement, duration of the procedure, length of insertion, and number of attempts. Operational-related adverse events or complications were also documented and evaluated., Results: The total success rate of postpyloric feeding tube implantation was 97.8% (90/92), among which, 89.1% (82/92) of the tubes were placed proximal to the jejunum. The first-attempt success rate was 91.3% (84/92) and the mean attempt per individual patient was 1.11±0.38 times. The mean operation time was 28.6±17.7 minutes, and the mean insertion length of tube was 106±9.6 cm. A total of 27 adverse events occurred in 19.6% (18/92) patients and there was no serious adverse events or complications during the study period., Conclusions: Assistance by auscultation can significantly improve the success rate of nasal feeding tube placement. This simple, safe and fast approach is feasible for the application among health practitioners in the intensive care unit.

Designing electrodes in a highly ordered structure simultaneously with appropriate orientation, outstanding mechanical robustness, and high electrical conductivity to achieve excellent electrochemical performance remains a daunting challenge. Inspired by the phenomenon in nature that leaves significantly increase exposed tree surface area to absorb carbon dioxide (like ions) from the environments (like electrolyte) for photosynthesis, we report a design of micro-conduits in a bioinspired leaves-on-branchlet structure consisting of carbon nanotube arrays serving as branchlets and graphene petals as leaves for such electrodes. The hierarchical all-carbon micro-conduit electrodes with hollow channels exhibit high areal capacitance of 2.35 F cm -2 (~500 F g -1 based on active material mass), high rate capability and outstanding cyclic stability (capacitance retention of ~95% over 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, Nernst-Planck-Poisson calculations elucidate the underlying mechanism of charge transfer and storage governed by sharp graphene petal edges, and thus provides insights into their outstanding electrochemical performance.

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a critical kinase for mitotic progression, is overexpressed in a wide range of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules and proposed to play important roles in the regulation of tumor progression and invasion. However, the relationship between PLK1 and miRNAs have remained unclear. In the present study, the association between PLK1 and miR-296-5p was investigated. The upregulation of PLK1 mRNA expression levels combined with the downregulation of miR-296-5p levels were detected in both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. Functional studies showed that knockdown of PLK1 by siRNA inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation. Impressively, overexpression of miR-296-5p showed the same phenocopy as the effect of PLK1 knockdown in NSCLC cells, indicating that PLK1 was a major target of miR-296-5p. Furthermore, using western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay, PLK1 protein expression was proved to be regulated by miR-296-5p through binding to the putative binding sites in its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Taken together, the present study indicated that miR-296-5p regulated PLK1 expression and could function as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC progression, which provides a potential target for gene therapy of NSCLC.

Background: Lung cancer is now the leading cause of malignant tumor-related deaths worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. Human Disabled-2 (DAB2) was reported to act as a tumor suppressor gene and was found downregulated in numerous cancer types. However, the expression of DAB2 in NSCLC and the mechanism of DAB2 expression regulation remain unclear., Methods: DAB2 expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot in 20 paired primary NSCLC tissues and corresponding normal lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed in paired NSCLC tissues from another 20 patients. Methylation status of DAB2 promoter was analyzed using bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction., Results: DAB2 messenger RNA level was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues than normal tissues in 95.0% of the group of patients under investigation. In addition, NSCLC tissues showed a significant reduction in DAB2 protein when compared with normal tissues. Importantly, 85% of NSCLC tissues (17/20) had high methylation in DAB2 promoter when compared with normal tissues., Conclusions: DAB2 expression is decreased in NSCLC, and the frequent methylation event at sites -86 to 226 of the DAB2 gene could contribute to the downregulation of DAB2.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Sheshang capsule on coagulation of the rabbits bitten by Trimeresurus stejnegeri and its mechanism., Methods: The changes in platelet aggregation rate was observed after the establishment of rabbits model by subcutaneously injection with 0.75, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 mL/kg of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom for 72 hours. Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, 10 rabbits in each group. Rabbit model was reproduced by subcutaneously injection with 0.75 mL/kg of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom. The rabbits in sham group were injected with 0.75 mL/kg normal saline(NS). The rabbits were gavaged with 5, 10, 15 mL × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ of the Sheshang concoction to the low, intermediate and high dose groups respectively after 6 hours, and 10 mL × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ NS was fed in the sham group and model group. The platelet aggregation rate, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) were determined after 1 week., Results: (1) With the increase in the concentration of Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom, 1-min, 3-min, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rates showed a gradual declining trends. (2) Compared with the sham group, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rate in the model group were significantly decreased [35.5 (24.2, 42.5)% vs. 43.0 (38.2, 58.5)%, 39.5 (29.0, 45.0)% vs. 46.5 (39.2, 60.2)%, both P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, 5-min and maximum platelet aggregation rate in the intermediate dose group were significantly increased [44.0 (39.8, 45.0) % vs. 35.5 (24.2, 42.5) %, 45.5 (43.5, 46.2) % vs. 39.5 (29.0, 45.0) %, both P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in platelet aggregation rate among the other groups. Compared with the sham group, PLT count in model group was obviously reduced (410.3 ± 155.3 × 10⁹/L vs. 724.5 ± 220.7 × 10⁹/L, P<0.01), so as MPV and PCT done [MPV: 5.11 ± 1.09 fl vs. 6.34 ± 1.16 fl, P<0.01; PCT: 21.9 (18.6, 26.8) % vs. 34.8 (24.8, 45.4) %, P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, PLT and PCT in the low, intermediate and high dose groups were significantly increased [PLT: 702.4 ± 166.3 × 10⁹/L, 648.5 ± 160.2 × 10⁹/L, 789.3 ± 86.2 × 10⁹/L vs. 410.3 ± 155.3 × 10⁹/L, PCT: 38.8 (35.7, 42.9)%, 36.0 (29.8, 44.4)%, 43.1 (40.5, 48.8)% vs. 21.9 (18.6, 26.8)%, all P<0.01], and MPV in the intermediate dose group was significantly increased (6.26 ± 1.05 fl vs. 5.11 ± 1.09 fl, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in PDW among groups (P>0.05). Compared with the sham group, cAMP (47.57 ± 12.76 nmol/L vs. 36.67 ± 10.54 nmol/L) and PKA (14.68 ± 5.80 μg/L vs. 9.23 ± 4.05 μg/L) in the model group were significantly increased (both P<0.05). Compared with the model group, cAMP and PKA of each dose group were decreased, while cAMP in low dose group [(36.33 ± 11.08) nmol/L] and PKA in the intermediate dose group [(10.21 ± 5.31) μg/L] were significant decreased (both P<0.05)., Conclusions: In the range of experimental concentration (0-3 mL/kg), the higher the concentration, and the stronger the inhibition of platelet aggregation rate was. The Sheshang capsule can raise platelet aggregation rate and PLT, increase MPV and PCT, and act against inhibition of platelet aggregation effect of the venom, thus improve the haemostatic function of platelet. Sheshang capsule can be used to treat the coagulopathy induced by Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom through regulating cAMP/PKA pathways.