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Objective: This study aimed to explore the effective method of high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging for fresh cutting Aralia elata Seem. Methods: In order to explore the effects of high oxygen regulated packaging treatment on the sensory quality and physiological changes of fresh cutting A. elata, different combinations of high oxygen regulated packaging with carbon dioxide were carried out. Results: The results showed that 90% high-oxygen conditioning package treatment significantly reduced the changes of respiratory strength, hardness and color, inhibited the consumption of total sugar and total phenol, reduced the activities of enzyme browning related enzymes POD and PPO and MDA accumulation, and protected the dynamic balance of cell membrane system. Conclusion: 90% high oxygen combined with 10% carbon dioxide has the best effect, which can prolong the preservation period of fresh cutting and prickling buds.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has an extremely poor prognosis. We aimed to determine the latent relationships between TRIM36 regulation of apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to characterize the aberrant expression of TRIM36 in HCC and adjacent tissues. Clinical information was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox methods. RNA-seq of potential targets was conducted to detect the regulation of TRIM36. Apoptosis assays and cellular proliferation, invasion and migration were conducted in a loss- and gain-of-function manner in cultured cells to determine the biological functions of TRIM36. A rescue experiment was conducted to confirm the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TRIM36 regulation. Finally, in vivo experiments were conducted using cell line-derived xenografts in nude mice to validate the central role of TRIM36 in HCC. Results TRIM36 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. TRIM36 repressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells, whereas it stimulated apoptosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited by TRIM36, and rescue experiments highlighted its importance in HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments further confirmed the effects of sh-TRIM36 on HCC tumorigenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Our study is the first to indicate that TRIM36 acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC. TRIM36 activates apoptosis and inhibits cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may serve as an important biomarker and promising therapeutic target for HCC.

The title compound, C24H19NO, was obtained via the reaction of (1E,2E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one with ethyl 2-oxopropanoate, using NH4I as a catalyst. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a. In the molecule, the four rings are not in the same plane, the pyridine ring being inclined to the benzene rings by 17.26 (6), 56.16 (3) and 24.50 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...π interactions into a three-dimensional network. To further analyse the intermolecular interactions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most abundant contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (50.4%), C...H/H...C (37.9%) and O...H/H...O (5.1%) interactions.

Irrigation regimes should be chosen to maximize crop yield and water use efficiency. To realize high yield and efficient water use with the appropriate furrow irrigation regime, the effects of two regimes (alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation) and three lower soil moisture limits (60, 70, and 80%) were studied on winter wheat yield and water consumption using a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that under the two regimes, alternate furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation, when the lower limit of the soil moisture is 70%, the harvest index (0.45 and 0.39, respectively) and crop water productivity of winter wheat (1.86 and 1.90 kg m−3, respectively) are highest. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model considers multiple measures, including yield, harvest indices, irrigation volume, total water consumption, and crop water productivity – the index values are highest at the 70% condition, which are 0.3468 and 0.3432, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that a moderate water deficit is conducive to saving water resources and improving water use efficiency. In conclusion, a multi-level and multi-factor indices system of furrow irrigation regime was constructed based on ensuring winter wheat production. Conventional furrow irrigation is recommended in areas with sufficient irrigation water, while alternating furrow irrigation, which can reduce the total amount of irrigation required, is suitable for areas with water shortages.

Background In the social situation of "three child" policy opening and late marriage to become the norm, the topic of female reproduction and health has attracted increasing attention. As one of the important markers of ovarian reserve in women, the relationship between anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk indicators has become a hot research issue. Objective To establish a reference range of AMH in healthy women of reproductive age in Urumqi region, and to investigate the association between AMH and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods From May to July 2018, healthy women aged 19-50 years who met the criteria were selected from the natural population of a community-based epidemiological survey with four living residents area in Urumqi city by targeted sampling, and the serum AMH, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglyceride (TG), serum uric acid, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of the survey subjects were tested. Height, body mass, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and other indicators were measured to analyze the relationship between AMH and the above indicators related to cardiovascular risk factors. Results The median AMH among 855 healthy women of reproductive age was 1.58 (0.01, 8.78) μg/L. The reference range of AMH in healthy women of reproductive age in our region was established, that was, 0.89 to 10.94μg/L for 19-24 years old, 0.66 to 11.77 μg/L for 25-29 years old, 0.27 to 8.25μg/L for 30-34 years old, 0.01 to 6.87μg/L for 35-39 years old, 0.01 to 3.98μg/L for 40-44 years old, 0.05) . Conclusion In this study, the reference range of serum AMH in healthy women of reproductive age in Urumqi was established, which may provide a basis for the functional assessment of ovarian reserve in women of different ages. Low AMH levels in women of reproductive age are associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as increased age, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.

The adhesion molecule CD44 drives host defence in zebrafish by regulating apoptosis and autophagy.

Objective To observe the effect of bilirubin (Bil) on sorafenib (Sor) in the treatment of liver cancer and explore the involved molecular mechanisms. Methods In vitro, Huh7 cells were treated with different concentration of Sor (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 μmol/L), of Bil (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L) and of Sor (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 μmol/L) +Bil (20 μmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Huh7 cells were treated with Sor (4 μmol/L), Bil (20 μmol/L) and Sor (4 μmol/L)+Bil (20 μmol/L), cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry after 48 h, and the effects of drugs on cell proliferation were detected by clone formation assay after 14 d. In vivo, 16 mice bearing xenografts of Huh7 cells were divided into Con group, Bil group (25 mg·kg-1·d-1), Sor group (15 mg·kg-1·d-1) and Bil(25 mg·kg-1·d-1)+Sor(15 mg·kg-1·d-1) group (n=4), according to the S type sampling method. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) and carnitine palmityl transferase 1A (CPT1A) were detected by Western blotting and real time PCR. After etomoxir (Eto), the inhibitor of CPT1A, was added, CCK-8 and clone formation assay were used to verify the mechanisms correlated with PPARα/CPT1A. Results CCK-8 results showed that the inhibitory effect of Sor on Huh7 cells was in a dose and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and Bil had no significant effect on Huh7 cells (P>0.05). Compared with Sor group, the cell proliferation in Bil+Sor group was increased (P < 0.05), the relative cell colony formation rate was grown (P < 0.05), and the number of cells in S phase was decreased (P < 0.05). In vivo, results showed that the tumor volume and weight of Sor group were lower than that of Con group (P < 0.05), and the tumor volume and weight of Bil+Sor group were higher than those of Sor group (P < 0.05). Western blotting and RT-qPCR results showed that PPARα and CPT1A expression levels were increased in Bil+Sor group compared with Sor group (P < 0.05). After Eto was added, the cell proliferation and the relative cell clone formation rate of Bil+Sor+Eto group were decreased compared with Bil+Sor group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bil impairs the antitumor effects of sorafenib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma through fatty oxidation by up-regulating PPARα/CPT1A.

ABSTRACT Haze pollution has been a public health issue. The skin microbiota, as a component of the first line of defense, is disturbed by environmental pollutants, which may have an impact on human health. A total of 74 skin samples from healthy students were collected during haze and nonhaze days in spring and winter. Significant differences of skin fungal community composition between haze and nonhaze days were observed in female and male samples in spring and male samples in winter based on unweighted UniFrac distance analysis. Phylogenetic diversity whole-tree indices and observed features were significantly increased during haze days in male samples in winter compared to nonhaze days, but no significant difference was observed in other groups. Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae, etc. were significantly enriched during nonhaze days, whereas Trichocomaceae, Talaromyces, and Pezizaceae were significantly enriched during haze days. Thus, five Talaromyces strains were isolated, and an in vitro culture experiment revealed that the growth of representative Talaromyces strains was increased at high concentrations of particulate matter, confirming the sequencing results. Furthermore, during haze days, the fungal community assembly was better fitted to a niche-based assembly model than during nonhaze days. Talaromyces enriched during haze days deviated from the neutral assembly process. Our findings provided a comprehensive characterization of the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days and elucidated novel insights into how haze exposure influences the skin fungal community. IMPORTANCE Skin fungi play an important role in human health. Particulate matter (PM), the main haze pollutant, has been a public environmental threat. However, few studies have assessed the effects of air pollutants on skin fungi. Here, haze exposure influenced the diversity and composition of the skin fungal community. In an in vitro experiment, a high concentration of PM promoted the growth of Talaromyces strains. The fungal community assembly is better fitted to a niche-based assembly model during haze days. We anticipate that this study may provide new insights on the role of haze exposure disturbing the skin fungal community. It lays the groundwork for further clarifying the association between the changes of the skin fungal community and adverse health outcomes. Our study is the first to report the changes in the skin fungal community during haze and nonhaze days, which expands the understanding of the relationship between haze and skin fungi.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during combustion of organic matter, such as during cigarette smoking, and they exist widely in the environment. Exposure to 3,4-benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as the most widely studied PAHs, relates to many cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of its involvement remains largely unclear. In this study, we developed a myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury mouse model and an oxygen and glucose deprivation–reoxygenation H9C2 cell model to evaluate the effect of BaP in I/R injury. After BaP exposure, the expression of autophagy-related proteins, the abundance of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the degree of pyroptosis were measured. Our results show that BaP aggravates myocardial pyroptosis in a autophagy-dependent manner. In addition, we found that BaP activates the p53–BNIP3 pathway via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to decrease autophagosome clearance. Our findings present new insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity and reveal that the p53–BNIP3 pathway, which is involved in autophagy regulation, is a potential therapeutic target for BaP-induced myocardial I/R injury. Because PAHs are omnipresent in daily life, the toxic effects of these harmful substances should not be underestimated.