Search

We develop an algorithm for predicting the arrival times of a transit vehicle at signalized intersections, with a focus on meeting the accuracy requirement associated with signal priority control applications. The algorithm uses both historical and real-time Global positioning system (GPS) vehicle location data. There are no data from other detectors, such as loops or cameras. The arrival time prediction is formulated as an optimal a posteriori parameter estimation problem, where the model is consisted of a historical model and an adaptive model that adaptively adjusts its filter gain based on real-time data. The estimates generated by these two models are fused in a weighted average derived from the solution of the parameter estimation problem. The prediction algorithm adaptively adjusts its weight distribution using error variances obtained from the two models. We include some simulations of field test results and their statistics to demonstrate the performance and convergence of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the application of the National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transport Systems Protocol (NTCIP) standard for Transit Signal Priority (TSP) in California. It was showed how the various TSP elements could be organized in microscopic simulation in a structured and systematic fashion in compliance with the NTCIP. The advantage of the proposed simulation was demonstrated through a sample application on the state's 12 signalized intersections highway.

Focuses on the behavior and study of the A, alkaline or alkaline earth metals (AV6O11)-type compounds. Important information which can be obtained by studying their structures; Synthesization of NaV6O11 by De Roy and others; Methodology used for the synthesis; Discussion of crystal structure features.

Ribbon synapses of inner hair cells (IHCs) are uniquely designed for ultrafast and indefatigable neurotransmission of the sound. The molecular machinery ensuring the efficient, compensatory recycling of the synaptic vesicles (SVs), however, remains elusive. This study showed that hair cell knock-out of murine Dmxl2, whose human homolog is responsible for nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss DFNA71, resulted in auditory synaptopathy by impairing synaptic endocytosis and recycling. The mutant mice in the C57BL/6J background of either sex had mild hearing loss with severely diminished wave I amplitude of the auditory brainstem response. Membrane capacitance measurements of the IHCs revealed deficiency in sustained synaptic exocytosis and endocytic membrane retrieval. Consistent with the electrophysiological findings, 3D electron microscopy reconstruction showed reduced reserve pool of SVs and endocytic compartments, while the membrane-proximal and ribbon-associated vesicles remain intact. Our results propose an important role of DMXL2 in hair cell endocytosis and recycling of the SVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost and high safety are considered as an electrochemical energy storage technology suitable for large-scale energy storage. Hard carbon, which is inexpensive and has both high capacity and low sodium storage potential, is regarded as the most promising anode for commercial SIBs. However, the commercialization of hard carbon still faces technical issues of low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, and insufficient cycling stability, due to the intrinsically irregular microstructure of hard carbon. To address these challenges, the rational design of the hard carbon microstructure is crucial for achieving highperformance SIBs, via gaining an in-depth understanding of its structure--performance correlations. In this context, our review firstly describes the sodium storage mechanism from the perspective of the hard carbon microstructure's formation. We then summarize the state-of-art development of hard carbon, providing a critical overview of emergence of hard carbon in terms of precursor selection, microstructure design, and electrolyte regulation to optimize strategies for addressing practical problems. Finally, we highlight directions for the future development of hard carbon to achieve the commercialization of high-performance SIBs. We believe this review will serve as basic guidance for the rational design of hard carbon and stimulate more exciting research into other types of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by C. Cappelle and others on feasibility of integrating global positioning systems, one by K.-H. Choi and colleagues on methods to detect road features for video-based in-vehicle navigation systems, and one on freeway mobility index for roadway navigation.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on integrating steering angle sensor in vehicle positioning, one on multihypothesis road tracking in map-matching integrity, and one on new measure for travel time reliability.

Recently, roadside lidar sensors have been adopted as a reliable measure to extract high-resolution vehicle trajectory data from the field. The trajectory-level data can be extracted from roadside lidar detection using a series of data processing algorithms such as background filtering, object clustering, object classification, and object tracking. However, the results from current methods are associated with trajectory fluctuations, indicating that vehicle trajectory optimization remains a challenge. Previous studies used traditional Kalman filters to optimize vehicle trajectories, but there remains room for improvement in the smoothing effect. This paper addresses the issue by presenting an effective method for trajectory smoothing using the adaptive Kalman filter. The proposed method demonstrates two significant highlights: a multipoint matching algorithm for velocity estimation, and a robust adaptive strategy for Kalman filter. The performance of the proposed method was found to be satisfactory after evaluation using field data collected at a site in Reno, Nevada. Additionally, the method can be implemented under simple prior assumptions, making it user-friendly for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surrogate model is an effective way to connect the simulation and optimization models in groundwater flow numerical modeling; it could overcome the limitations of embedding and calling simulation models in the optimization model by conventional methods, which greatly reduces the computational load caused by directly calling the simulation model in the solving process of the optimization model. In this paper, the dual-response surface method and radial basis function artificial neural network method were applied to establish the surrogate model of groundwater flow numerical simulation in Jinquan Industrial Park, Inner Mongolia, China. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to determine random pumping load of the five pumping wells, which were taken as the input data groundwater flow numerical simulation model for calculating 10 observation wells drawdown data sets (output data sets). Based on the input and output data sets, the dual-response surface method and radial basis function artificial neural network method were used to establish the surrogate model of groundwater simulation model, and the validity of surrogate models were comparatively tested. The results showed that both the results of two surrogate models fit well with the results of the simulation model, which indicates that two surrogate models were capable of approaching the groundwater flow numerical simulation model; compared with the dual response surface model, the RBF neural network model had more advantages in terms of sample size requirements, fitting the accuracy of simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. We report here a diabetic patient who was diagnosed as toxoplasmosis with multiple cranial nerve palsies and cavernous sinusitis. A 37-year-old male presented with an 11-day history of gingival pain, one day history of ptosis and diplopia. He has been having diabetes mellitus for 6 years, and has a history of contact with cats. After admission, his symptoms worsened with right 3rd to 7th cranial nerve palsies. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cavernous sinusitis in the right sellar region. Serology for toxoplasma was positive for IgM and negative IgG. The patient was treated with oral clindamycin (900 mg/day) and dexamethasone (15 mg/day). The right visual acuity and lid-conjunctival swelling improved after 3 days. At follow-up after a month, the movement of the right eye significantly improved. This case demonstrate the rare occurrence of multiple cranial nerve (3rd to 7th) palsies from toxoplasmosis cavernous sinusitis, which is a potentially treatable condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) Dirac points inheriting relativistic effects from high-energy physics appear as gapless excitations in the topological band theory. Hosting fourfold linear dispersion, they play the central role among various topological phases, such as representing the degeneracy of paired Weyl nodes carrying opposite chiralities. While they have been extensively investigated in solid state systems for electrons, 3D Dirac points have not yet been observed in any classical systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate 3D photonic Dirac points in the microwave region with an elaborately designed metamaterial, where two symmetrically placed Dirac points are stabilized by electromagnetic duality symmetry. Furthermore, spin-polarized surface arcs (counterparts of Fermi arcs in electronic systems) are demonstrated, which opens the gate toward implementing spin-multiplexed topological surface wave propagation. Closely linked to other exotic states through topological phase transitions, our system offers an effective medium platform for topological photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological semimetals, representing a new topological phase that lacks a full band gap in bulk states and exhibiting nontrivial topological orders, recently have been extended to photonic systems, predominantly in photonic crystals and to a lesser extent metamaterials. Photonic crystal realizations of Dirac degeneracies are protected by various space symmetries, where Bloch modes span the spin and orbital subspaces. Here, we theoretically show that Dirac points can also be realized in effective media through the intrinsic degrees of freedom in electromagnetism under electromagnetic duality. A pair of spin-polarized Fermi-arc-like surface states is observed at the interface between air and the Dirac metamaterials. Furthermore, eigenreflection fields show the decoupling process from a Dirac point to two Weyl points. We also find the topological correlation between a Dirac point and vortex or vector beams in classical photonics. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is demonstrated by designing a realistic metamaterial structure. The theoretical proposal of the photonic Dirac point lays the foundation for unveiling the connection between intrinsic physics and global topology in electromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]