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Interpreters unanimously read ἐνευλογηθήσονται in Gen 12:3b LXX as a passive. Good evidence, however, exists to challenge and problematize this conclusion. Recent linguistic studies on the ancient Greek middle voice reveal that aorist and future -θη- forms express a semantically middle domain. When we reexamine the word ἐνευλογέομαι within this light, a better option emerges for seeing its -θη- forms as manifestations of speech actions within this middle domain. In their own unique ways, the LXX as well as Philo, Paul, and Acts further corroborate this alternative. As a result, we may read ἐνευλογηθήσονται in Gen 12:3b LXX as a speech action middle: "to pronounce blessings." The proposed reading promotes a better understanding of Abraham within Genesis LXX. Rather than a means to an end, Abraham remains at the center of God's blessing as the earth's families cry out: "God make me like Abraham!" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early glottic cancer can be treated with laser resection or radiotherapy. In an earlier study, we found that voice function after laser resection was inferior to that after radiotherapy. This study was designed to determine if reduced margins at laser resection improved voice function without impairing oncologic results. A total of 268 patients with previously untreated T1–T2 glottic carcinoma were studied. They were primarily treated with either radiotherapy (n = 119) or laser resection (n = 149). Survival, need for additional treatment (radiotherapy and/or total layngectomi) and voice function was compared. Median follow up time was 7 years with range 0.5–16.6. There was no difference in the overall survival (p =.065) or disease-specific survival. (p =.126). After radiotherapy 32/119 patients and after laser resection 57/149 patients had recurrence. Total rate of laryngectomy was 24% in the radiotherapy group, and 8% in the laser resection group (p =.001). Voice analysis (T1A) showed more roughness in the radiotherapy group, otherwise no difference. By reducing the surgical margins, we have achieved a better voice function (T1A) but more patients have needed repeated laser excisions and some have also needed supplementary radiotherapy. The risk of laryngectomy and survival were apparently not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of effective treatment for idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (IUVFP). A better phonation was reported by patients after laryngeal nerve stimulation during our clinical examination. This study aims to investigate immediate effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation on phonation in patients with IUVFP. Sixty-two patients with clinically identified IUVFP underwent RLN stimulation with needle electrodes. Laryngoscopy, acoustic analysis, and voice perception assessment were performed for quantitative comparison of vocal function and voice quality before and after the intervention. Laryngoscopic images showed a larger motion range of the paralyzed vocal fold (p <.01) and better glottal closure (p <.01) after RLN stimulation. Acoustic analysis revealed that the dysphonia severity index increased significantly (p <.01) while the jitter and shimmer decreased after the intervention (p <.05). According to perceptual evaluation, RLN stimulation significantly increased RBH grades in patients with IUVFP (p <.01). Furthermore, the improvement in voice perception had a moderate positive correlation with the decrease in the glottal closure. This study shows a short-term improvement of phonation in IUVFP patients after RLN stimulation, which provides proof-of-concept for trialing a controlled delivery of RLN stimulation and assessing durability of any observed responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the research findings from a doctoral thesis which was presented at the 2023 SEA Annual Conference. A brief overview of the theoretical basis to the critical voice is offered, along with a wider review of relevant literature and existential perspectives. The methodology used in the study was heuristic elucidating the texture and grain of the critical voice, and the research question asked if there was a meaning or purpose to it. Novel findings are presented showing the interconnected nature of the critical voice, that it is ‘not all bad’ and can, in fact, be ‘a little friend’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Beyond the Other" discusses the ethical perspective according to gender, mentioning Carol Gilligan's thesis on the different ethical voice of women. The idea of separating the masculine from the feminine in ethical matters is criticized, and the difference between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care is addressed. The importance of recognizing the different perspectives and contributions of women in ethics, which have often been invisible, is highlighted. The need to find a balance between the universal and the contingent, and between the public and the private, is emphasized through dialogue and mutual understanding between men and women. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Patients with eating disorders report the experience of living with an eating disorder voice, a second‐ or third‐person, negative commentary about eating, weight, shape and their implications for self‐esteem. Qualitative and cross‐sectional studies suggest that the severity and characteristics of the eating disorder voice might play a role in the maintenance of eating disorder symptoms. The goal of this study was to expand the evidence base as to how the eating disorder voice changes over time and whether the characteristics of the voice are associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms during treatment. Method: Seventy‐two patients with anorexia nervosa receiving intensive eating disorder treatment were recruited. They completed self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress and eating disorder voice's severity and characteristics (e.g., malevolence, benevolence and omnipotence) at baseline and approximately 6 months later. Results: Over time, patients reported lower levels of eating and weight concern (small effect size), shape concern (large effect size) and anxiety (small effect size). They also reported a reduction in the severity, perceived malevolence (medium effect size) and omnipotence (small effect size) of the eating disorder voice. Greater severity and malevolence of the voice, and lower benevolence at baseline predicted greater reductions in eating disorder symptoms (i.e., restraint and shape concern). Conclusion: Beliefs about the eating disorder voice (i.e., malevolence) and severity of the voice appear to be malleable to treatment and are associated with a reduction of eating disorder symptoms. The potential of using dialogical approaches to target the eating disorder voice is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiment‐based voice parades often result in low hit‐rates and high false‐alarm rates. One contributing factor may be that the experimental procedures omit elements that might naturally occur in the memory formation process, such as the process of reflection. In Experiment 1 (N = 180, F = 92) we explored if a post‐encoding reflection manipulation, compared to a simple attention control task, prior to a five‐minute retention interval would improve identification performance. In Experiment 2 (N = 180, F = 93), we explored how the effects of this manipulation might change when the retention interval was 24‐h. The results show that the inclusion of a reflection manipulation did not meaningfully improve performance in either experiment. Importantly, we found no meaningful difference in performance when directly comparing the two retention interval durations. We consider theoretical explanations for these results and discuss implications for the design and validity of earwitness voice parade studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The voice and hearing can be affected to different degrees by aging, which can cause communication difficulties for elderly people. Vocal production requires effective temporal auditory processing at central levels within the nervous system, which can be compromised by the aging process. Objective To analyze the correlation between voice and temporal auditory processing in older adults. Materials and Methods A total of 40 elderly people aged 60 years or older were subdivided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of vocal symptoms measured by the Voice Symptom Scale. All of the participants were submitted to auditory temporal tests, vocal self-assessment, and acoustic and perceptual auditory analyses of voice. Results Most of the subjects assessed had decreased voice intensity and normal variability in terms of vocal quality. The performance was normal in the Pitch Pattern Sequence test and altered in the Random Gap Detection test. In the Masking Period Pattern test, the detection thresholds for the target signal were increased in the presence of masking in different temporal target signal positions. Only pitch differed between the two groups. There were differences between the genders regarding frequency, shimmer, the overall severity of the alteration, and roughness. There was a correlation regarding temporal resolution ability and the overall severity of the alteration and roughness of the voice. Conclusion There is a central auditory impairment in temporal resolution which is correlated with vocal alterations in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article establishes the need to develop new University disciplines to increase the creativity based on critical experiences (personal and literary). A definition for «the writer's voice» is proposed. The writer's voice comprehends selfknowledge, a way of perceiving reality and the arts, and, at the same time, it is the creative writing's driving force. The second part of the paper consists of a description of the Creative Writing Master at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, through several examples of literary exercises and teaching methods to stimulate and strengthen each student's voice. This proposal finds itself integrated into the renovation of teaching Humanities in the middle of the so-called Artificial Intelligence era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze, from the Critical Analysis of Lexicographic Discourse (ACDL) (Rodríguez Barcia, 2012), the Aymara word amauta in the Hispanic dictionaries of the Academy. For this purpose, we study the omission, incorporation, definitions and conceptions about this voice in the dictionaries of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) (1780-2014), the Diccionario de Americanismos (2010) and the Diccionario de Peruanismos of the Academia Peruana de la Lengua (2016). In methodological terms, we proceed methodologically to carry out a study of the evolution of definitions and comparative analysis. The research concludes that the lexicographic treatment has been dissimilar and through the voice, unclear representations of amauta have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After numerous trips through the Patagonian region, the Argentinian writer Liborio Justo (1901-2002) wrote and published in 1932 the volume entitled La tierra maldita. Throughout the twelve stories that make up the book, Justo proposes a singular way of seeing the region that dialogues with the tradition of the trip to Patagonia. The purpose of this article is to investigate how La tierra maldita can be thought of as a text that continues the Darwinian view of the trip to the extreme south, while incorporating other voices and arguments to reinvent the narrative about Patagonia after the so-called «Conquest of the desert». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability and quality of Internet information related to vocal health, voice disorders and voice therapy. This is a cross-sectional study. Eighty-two websites were included. Websites were then analyzed; their origin (clinic/hospital, non-profit, government), quality (Health On the Net [HON] certification and DISCERN scores) and readability (Ateşman readability formula and Bezirci-Yılmaz new readability formula) were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to examine differences between website origin and quality and readability scores and correlations between readability instruments. Of the 82 websites, 93% were of private clinic/hospital, 6% were of non-profit organisation and 1% were of government. None of the 82 websites were HON certification, and the mean score of the item determining the general quality measure in DISCERN was 1.83 in a five-point scale. The mean of Ateşman readability formula value was calculated as 50.46 (±8.16). This value is defined as 'moderately hard' according to the readability scale. The average of Bezirci-Yılmaz new readability formula value is 13.85 (±3.48). This value is defined as 13th and 14th grade. The quality of Internet-based health information about the voice is generally inadequate, and the sites examined in this study may be limited due to high readability levels. This may be a problem in people with poor literacy skills. For this reason, it is very important for speech and language therapists and other health professionals to evaluate and monitor the quality and readability of Internet-based information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate and compare the accuracy and robustness of the multiparametric acoustic voice indices (MAVIs), namely the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI), Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI), and Voice Wellness Index (VWI) measures in differentiating normal and dysphonic voices. The study group consisted of 129 adult individuals including 49 with normal voices and 80 patients with pathological voices. The diagnostic accuracy of the investigated MAVI in differentiating between normal and pathological voices was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Moderate to strong positive linear correlations were observed between different MAVIs. The ROC statistical analysis revealed that all used measurements manifested in a high level of accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and greater) and an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between normal and pathological voices. However, with AUC 0.99, the VWI demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy. The highest Youden index equaled 0.93, revealing that a VWI cut-off of 4.45 corresponds with highly acceptable sensitivity (97.50%) and specificity (95.92%). In conclusion, the VWI was found to be beneficial in describing differences in voice quality status and discriminating between normal and dysphonic voices based on clinical diagnosis, i.e., dysphonia type, implying the VWI's reliable voice screening potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The /ñ/ sound, which is one of the controversial sounds of Turkish, is a sound that many researchers deal with in terms of the degree of contact, after-apron, whether it is a phoneme, whether it is primary or not, and whether it is a combined sound. The sound in question can be detected in various proportions since the first written texts of Turkish. The /ñ/ sound can be seen in Turkish texts from historical periods to contemporary periods with special markings as a letter. In addition, the /ñ/ consonant is a sound that can be exemplified in many of the Altaic languages with its various variants. The study in question is based on the comparative analysis of the situation of this consonant, which is defined as one of the palatal consonants, in Contemporary Turkish dialects with the Old Turkish period. In the Old Turkish period, the words containing the sound in question were determined and the situations of this consonant at the beginning, in the word and at the end of the word were examined in Oghuz, Kipchak North East and Karluk group Turkish dialects with a simultaneous and comparative method. The study is a phonetic study based on the written languages of the dialects in question, and the dialects of these dialects are not included in the study. The results reached in the study were stated in the "Conclusion" section and the status of the sounds in question was shown schematically with tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The experiences of women who develop lymphoedema in the breast or trunk (BTL) after treatment for breast cancer have received little attention in either the academic or clinical setting. Consequently, women's support needs remain unrecognized. Objective and Design: As this study sought to gain an understanding of women's unheard experiences of a poorly understood condition, it was underpinned by The Silences Framework1 which facilitates research into sensitive or marginalized issues. Sample and Methods: Fourteen women with BTL participated in individual, unstructured interviews, some using photographs or drawings to reflect their experiences. The data was analyzed using the Listening Guide.2 Findings: Participants revealed that they were unprepared for the development of BTL; for many, the symptoms were unfamiliar and distressing. Furthermore, their concerns were often dismissed by healthcare professionals (HCPs), leading to long delays in obtaining an accurate diagnosis and treatment. For some women, the practical and emotional impact of developing BTL was profound. Practice Implications: Increased awareness and education about the risk of BTL as a potential side-effect of treatment for breast cancer is required for HCPs and patients. This will alleviate distress, better prepare patients, and ensure timely referral for treatment to manage this chronic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Here, we examine the possibility that memory consolidation during a period of postpractice rest or nocturnal sleep can bolster speech motor learning in the absence of additional practice or effort. Method: Using web-administered experiments, 74 typical, American English talkers trained in a nonnative vowel contrast then had a 12-hr delay with (SLEEP) or without nocturnal sleep (REST) or proceeded immediately (IMMEDIATE) to a posttraining production assessment. For ecological validity, 51 native Danish talkers perceptually identified the American English talkers’ productions. Results: We observed that practice resulted in productions that were more acoustically similar to the Danish target. In addition, we found that rest in the absence of further practice reduced the token-to-token variability of the productions. Last, for vowels produced immediately following training, listeners more accurately identified vowels in the trained context, whereas in the untrained context, listener accuracy improved only for vowels produced by talkers who slept. Conclusions: A single session of speech motor training promotes observable change to speech production behavior. Specifically, practice facilitates acoustic similarity to the target. Moreover, although a 12-hr postpractice period of rest appears to promote productions that are less variable, only the productions of those who slept are perceived as more accurate by listeners. This may point to sleep’s role in contextualizing the acoustic goal of the production to the learner’s own vocal tract and its role as a protective mechanism during learning. These results are unaccounted for under existing models and offer potential for future educational and clinical applications to maximize speech motor learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Talkers adapt their speech according to the demands of their listeners and the communicative context, enhancing the properties of the signal (pitch, intensity) and/or properties of the code (enhancement of phonemic contrasts). This study asked how mothers adapt their child-directed speech (CDS) in ways that might serve the immediate goals of increasing intelligibility, as well as longterm goals of supporting speech and language development in their children. Method: Mothers (N = 28) participated in a real-time interactive speech production/perception paradigm, in which mothers instructed their young (3- to 5-year-old) children, or an adult listener, to select the picture corresponding to a target word. The task was performed at low and high levels (56 vs. 75 dB SPL) of background noise to examine the Lombard effects of decreased audibility on speech production. Results: Acoustic–phonetic analyses of CDS and adult-directed speech (ADS) productions of target words and carrier phrase (e.g., “Find pig”) revealed that mothers significantly enhanced the mean pitch, pitch variability, and intensity of target words in CDS, particularly at higher background noise levels and for younger children. Mothers produce CDS with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than ADS. However, limited evidence was found for phonetic enhancement of the segmental properties of speech. Although increased category separation was found in the voice onset time of stop consonants, decreased vowel category separation (an anti-enhancement effect) was observed in CDS. Conclusions: Mothers readily enhance the suprasegmental signal properties of their speech in CDS, but not the acoustic–phonetic properties of phonemes. This study fails to provide evidence of phonetic enhancement in preschool children in a dyadic communication task under noisy listening conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Behavioral assays of feedforward and feedback auditory–motor control of voice and articulation frequently are used to make inferences about underlying neural mechanisms and to study speech development and disorders. However, no studies have examined the test–retest reliability of such measures, which is critical for rigorous study of auditory–motor control. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of assays of feedforward and feedback control in voice versus articulation domains. Method: Twenty-eight participants (14 cisgender women, 12 cisgender men, one transgender man, one transmasculine/nonbinary) who denied any history of speech, hearing, or neurological impairment were measured for responses to predictable versus unexpected auditory feedback perturbations of vocal (fundamental frequency, fo) and articulatory (first formant, F1) acoustic parameters twice, with 3–6 weeks between sessions. Reliability was measured with intraclass correlations. Results: Opposite patterns of reliability were observed for fo and F1; fo reflexive responses showed good reliability and fo adaptive responses showed poor reliability, whereas F1 reflexive responses showed poor reliability and F1 adaptive responses showed moderate reliability. However, a criterion-referenced categorical measurement of fo adaptive responses as typical versus atypical showed substantial test–retest agreement. Conclusions: Individual responses to some behavioral assays of auditory–motor control of speech should be interpreted with caution, which has implications for several fields of research. Additional research is needed to establish reliable criterion-referenced measures of F1 adaptive responses as well as fo and F1 reflexive responses. Furthermore, the opposite patterns of test–retest reliability observed for voice versus articulation add to growing evidence for differences in underlying neural control mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academics working in International Relations (IR) often portray the discipline as predominantly American. The traditional orthodox narrative of the discipline, told through the 'Great Debates', reinforces this, as it depicts the main scholars in the history of the discipline as primarily originating from either the United States or the United Kingdom. In fact, the most popular books covering key thinkers in the discipline feature virtually no Latin American theorists. The marginalization of voices from the global South, including women, and of non-traditional perspectives has created a knowledge gap within the discipline. To address this, this special section of International Affairs , 'Missing voices: Latin American perspectives in International Relations', delves into the rich tapestry of international thought on world affairs, encompassing the works of several intellectuals from Latin America. We are convinced that highlighting these perspectives is vital to dispelling myths and positioning IR in the path of a truly global discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the problems that arise when deepening the affiliation of Viaje del Parnaso to self-satire; issues such as autobiographical intention. On the one hand whom does the lyrical voice criticize, whom does it mock, if at all? OOn the other hand that of self-criticism and the quality of Cervantes' poetry, i.e., the question as to whether Cervantes recognizes his mediocriy as apjoet. It proposes an approach to the lyrical voice and its developments based on narratological notions, in order to achieve a reading of the Cervantine poem as a «commendation [...] under a sarcastic expression to the contrary», in the words of Márquez Villanueva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous research on voice in Parkinson's disease (PD) has consistently demonstrated alterations in acoustic parameters, including fundamental frequency (F0), maximum phonation time, Shimmer, and Jitter. However, investigations into acoustic parameter alterations in individuals with PD are limited. Methods: We conducted an experimental study involving 20 PD patients (six women and fourteen men). Subjective measures of voice (VHI-30 scale and GRBAS) and objective measures using the OnlineLAB App tool for analyzing biomechanical correlates of voice were recorded. The app analyzed a total of 22 biomechanical parameters of voice. Results: The results of subjective measures were consistent with findings from previous studies. However, the results of objective measures did not align with studies that employed acoustic measures. Conclusions: The biomechanical analysis revealed alterations in various parameters according to gender. These findings open up a new avenue of research in voice analysis for patients with PD, whether through acoustic or biomechanical analysis, aiming to determine whether the observed changes in these patients' voices are attributable to age or disease progression. This line of investigation will help elucidate the relative contribution of these factors to vocal alterations in PD patients and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Considering the conceptual migration from vocal load and vocal loading to vocal demand and vocal demand response, this review of literature aimed to identify physiological explanations, reported measurements, and associated factors (vocal demands) reported in the literature when considering the phonatory response to a vocal demand. Methods: A systematic review of literature, following the PRISMA Statement, was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Data were analyzed and presented in two parts. First, a bibliometric analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and content analysis were performed. Three criteria that got article inclusion were defined: (1) written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese; (2) published between 2009 and 2021; and (3) focused on vocal load and loading, vocal demand response, and voice assessment parameters. A total of 54 publications met the criteria and were included in this review. The second part included a conceptual framework based on the content analysis of three aspects of vocal demand response: (1) physiological explanations, (2) reported measurements, and (3) vocal demands. Results and Conclusion: As would be expected since vocal demand response is a relatively new term and not yet commonly used in literature when discussing way that the speakers respond to communicative scenarios, most of the studies reviewed (both historical and recent) still use the term of vocal load and vocal loading. Although there is a broad variety of literature discussing a wide range of vocal demands and voice parameters used to characterize the vocal demand response, results show that there is consistency across the studies. While vocal demand response is unique and intrinsic to the talker, associated factors that contribute to this response include both internal talker and external talker factors. Internal factors include muscle stiffness, viscosity in the phonatory system, vocal fold tissue damage, elevated sound pressure levels during occupational voice demands, extended periods of voice use, suboptimal body posture, difficulties in breathing technique, and sleep disturbances. Associated external factors include the working environment (noise, acoustics, temperature, humidity). In conclusion, although vocal demand response is intrinsic to the speaker, the speaker's response is affected by external vocal demands. However, due to the wide methods to evaluate vocal demand response, it has been difficult to establish its contribution to voice disorders in the general population and, specifically, among occupational voice users. This literature review identified commonly reported parameters and factors that may help clinicians and researchers define vocal demand response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Māori consultation and engagement processes in a development project framed as climate adaptation and carried out by a local council that sought to expel Māori from ancestral land. Drawing on a dialogue between Kaupapa Māori (KM) theory and the culture-centered approach (CCA), land is centered as the basis for everyday meanings of health. We depict the processes of culture-centered organizing in co-creating voice infrastructures at the "margins of the margins" of the community, which serve as the spaces for voicing Indigenous knowledge to resist the modern-day confiscation of ancestral Māori land. The dialogue between KM theory and the CCA foregrounds communicative inequalities within community spaces, working with the concept "margins of the margins" to center Māori voices that have historically been silenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How managers evaluate employees' ideas and when they endorse or reject them have always been concerns. Based on categorization theory, we theorize that middle managers with multiple responsibilities and limited resources tend to label excessive voices as threats instead of opportunities. We thus propose an inverted U‐shaped relationship between voice frequency and voice endorsement that sequentially influences job performance. Further, perceived task interdependence, related to how an individual makes sense of issues in the team, will influence voice content and moderate the curvilinear relationship between voice frequency and job performance through voice endorsement. A three‐wave time‐lagged survey of Chinese firms, including 299 employees and 37 supervisors, provided convergent support for this theoretical model. Our research contributes to the voice literature by exploring how middle managers' limited resources and multiple responsibilities influence their voice evaluation process. This research thus has practical implications for both organizations and employees, as it suggests organizations allocate resources to facilitate managers' implementation of voice and provides suggestions for effective voice experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to articles published within the issue is presented, including one on reading and writing literacy and instruction in Taiwan, another on vocabulary development for d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/DHH) learners in Hong Kong, China, and one on the current state of literacy instruction for d/DHH learners in South Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a concurrent working memory task on acoustic measures of speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: Individuals with PD and age- and sex-matched controls performed a speaking task with and without a Stroop-like concurrent working memory task. Cepstral peak prominence, low-to-high spectral energy ratio, fundamental frequency (fo) standard deviation, articulation rate, pause duration, articulatory-acoustic vowel space, relative fo, mean voice onset time (VOT), and VOT variability were calculated for each condition. Mixed-model analyses of variance were performed to determine the effects of group, condition (presence of the concurrent working memory task), and their interaction on the acoustic measures. Results: All measures except for VOT variability, mean pause duration, and relative fo offset differed between people with and without PD. Cepstral peak prominence, articulation rate, and relative fo offset differed as a function of condition. However, no measures indicated disparate effects of condition as a function of group. Conclusion: Although differentially impactful on limb motor function in PD, here a concurrent working memory task was not found to be differentially disruptive to speech acoustics in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Variability in auditory-perceptual ratings of voice limits their utility, with the poorest reliability often noted for vocal strain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an experimental method, called visual sort and rate (VSR), promoted stronger rater reliability than visual analog scale (VAS), for ratings of strain in two clinical populations: adductor laryngeal dystonia (ADLD) and vocal hyperfunction (VH). Method: Connected speech samples from speakers with ADLD and VH as well as age- and sex-matched controls were selected from a database. Fifteen inexperienced listeners rated strain for two speaker sets (25 ADLD speakers and five controls; 25 VH speakers and five controls) across four rating blocks: VASADLD, VSR-ADLD, VAS-VH, and VSR-VH. For the VAS task, listeners rated each speaker for strain using a vertically oriented 100-mm VAS. For the VSR task, stimuli were distributed into sets of samples with a range of severities in each set. Listeners sorted and ranked samples for strain within each set, and final ratings were captured on a vertically oriented 100-mm VAS. Intrarater reliability (Pearson's r) and interrater variability (mean of the squared differences between a listener's ratings and group mean ratings) were compared across rating methods and populations using two repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results: Intrarater reliability of strain was significantly stronger when listeners used VSR compared to VAS; listeners also showed significantly better intrarater reliability in ADLD than VH. Listeners demonstrated significantly less interrater variability (better reliability) when using VSR compared to VAS. No significant effect of population or interactions was found between listeners for measures of interrater variability. Conclusions: VSR increases intrarater reliability for ratings of vocal strain in speakers with VH and ADLD. VSR decreases variability of auditory-perceptual judgments of strain between inexperienced listeners in these clinical populations. Future research should determine whether benefits of VSR extend to voice clinicians and/or clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Participation in aphasia groups is associated with increased communication, reduced feelings of social isolation, and increased quality of life. Despite the growing popularity of online aphasia groups, little is known about how to manage conversation in this format. We examined online aphasia book club sessions to examine how the facilitator supported group members' participation in conversation. Method: Interactional sociolinguistic discourse analysis was used to analyze the behaviors and actions of the facilitator and group members. Qualitative data for this study were drawn from four recorded online aphasia book club sessions held through a university's free aphasia clinic on the Zoom web-conferencing platform. Results: Sociolinguistic discourse analysis revealed strategic facilitator behaviors that served to (a) give members with varying levels of verbal language abilities voice, (b) foreground or background aspects of voice, and (c) minimize her own voice to promote interactional symmetry between herself and group members. Conclusions: Identity formed the backdrop for facilitators' actions when leading online groups, guiding decisions about who got to talk, when, for how long, through what modality, and about what topics. A better understanding of the interactions that occur online, such as how to develop and protect the identities of group members, could equip facilitators with the tools necessary for facilitating positive, engaging aphasia therapy groups online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine relationships between vocal effort and (a) acoustic correlates of vocal output and (b) supraglottic compression in individuals with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD) and without voice disorders (controls) in the context of a vocal load challenge. Method: Twenty-six individuals with pMTD and 35 vocally healthy controls participated in a 30-min vocal load challenge. The pre- and postload relationships among self-ratings of vocal effort, various acoustic voice measures, and supraglottic compression (mediolateral and anteroposterior) were tested with multiple regression models and post hoc Pearson's correlations. Acoustic measures included cepstral peak prominence (CPP), low-to-high spectral ratio, difference in intensity between the first two harmonics, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level (dB SPL). Results: Regression models for CPP and mediolateral compression were statistically significant. Vocal effort, diagnosis of pMTD, and vocal demand were each significant variables influencing CPP measures. CPP was lower in the pMTD group across stages. There was no statistical change in CPP following the vocal load challenge within either group, but both groups had an increase in vocal effort postload. Vocal effort and diagnosis influenced the mediolateral compression model. Mediolateral compression was higher in the pMTD group across stages and had a negative relationship with vocal effort, but it did not differ after vocal loading. Conclusions: CPP and mediolateral supraglottic compression were influenced by vocal effort and diagnosis of pMTD. Increased vocal effort was associated with lower CPP, particularly after vocal load, and decreased mediolateral supraglottic compression in the pMTD group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of hospitalwide implementation of an above-cuff vocalization (ACV) protocol using ACVcapable tracheostomy tubes and its impact on patient speech in four intensive care unit (ICU) patient populations. Method: This research was an observational pre-post study that was conducted over a 26-month period and included 323 critically ill adult ICU patients who underwent tracheostomy in a 365-bed academic tertiary care hospital. ACV was assessed using a protocol developed by a multidisciplinary team. Presence of speech was defined as at least one comprehensible word spoken during a speech-language pathologist evaluation. Results: Median time-to-speech was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 8-20 days) before the intervention, compared to 9 days (IQR: 6-16 days) after the intervention (p = .0017). In the pre-intervention group, 101 out of 167 (60.5%) patients achieved speech within 60 days, compared to 83 out of 133 (62.4%) patients in the post-intervention group (p = .12). Of the 83 patients who achieved speech in the post-intervention group, 24 (28.9%) did so via ACV, with the remainder using a speaking valve or digital occlusion. Of those 24 patients, seven did not progress to using a speaking valve within the follow-up period. The median number of speech days gained by using ACV was 8 (IQR: 5-18 days). ACV was successful in facilitating speech in 24 out of 29 (82.8%) patients trialed, with no major complications. Conclusions: Routine implementation of ACV after tracheostomy is feasible, safe, and associated with earlier speech in a diverse population of critically ill patients. ACV is an important method to facilitate communication in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy cuff inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay investigates the alliance of ocularcentrism and cis-heteronormativity as canonical formations in Joseph von Eichendorff's 1819 novella Das Marmorbild, which enact a process of masculine subjectivity development through silencing the protagonist's queer voice of difference. Furthermore, this essay argues that the novella transposes the esthetic encounter of viewing and listening to mimoplastic performances such as tableaux vivants into the narrative and shows how the male protagonist's ability to articulate his desires vis-à-vis both male and female figures is calibrated through these mutual performances' queer temporality. Drawing on tropes from the Western visual canon, this essay demonstrates how the story's visual configurations work in tandem with a cis-heteronormativity to eliminate the disruptive potential of queer voices to cis-heteronormative sensory order. Nevertheless, this discussion problematizes the condition of the possibility of the canonical alignment and influence of cis-heteronormativity and visuality as it locates their motivation in patriarchal culture's organization around homosocial desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the canonical narratives and assumptions about German literature in German Studies. The authors argue that traditional German literary texts should be re-examined to focus on voices of difference, such as linguistic, queer, racial, religious, and sexual differences. The article discusses two major responses to the conservatism and dominance of canonicity: including neglected voices in classes and creating a counter canon. The authors emphasize the need for close re-readings of the traditional literary canon to decenter it and highlight the diversity of voices within it. The article includes case studies that examine how canonical texts juxtapose voices of difference from different perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

Mendelssohn's Jerusalem or on Religious Power and Judaism cites a passage from the Psalms as prooftext to demonstrate that one of the key canonical texts—the literary corpus serving as the repository for the church songs every German Christian of the period would know by heart and sing in church—supports his central philosophical argument. Mendelssohn does so by offering his own translation of the opening of Psalm 19. With the inclusion of his translation he counteracts the assimilatory force of Luther's canonical rendering. Inserting his own translation that recovers a canonical text as a voice of difference—in this case that of King David—Mendelssohn highlights the dynamics of canonical pressures and liberates an otherwise domesticated voice as that of political emancipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multisensory context often facilitates perception and memory. In fact, encoding items within a multisensory context can improve memory even on strictly unisensory tests (i.e., when the multisensory context is absent). Prior studies that have consistently found these multisensory facilitation effects have largely employed multisensory contexts in which the stimuli were meaningfully related to the items targeting for remembering (e.g., pairing canonical sounds and images). Other studies have used unrelated stimuli as multisensory context. A third possible type of multisensory context is one that is environmentally related simply because the stimuli are often encountered together in the real world. We predicted that encountering such a multisensory context would also enhance memory through cross-modal associations, or representations relating to one's prior multisensory experience with that sort of stimuli in general. In two memory experiments, we used faces and voices of unfamiliar people as everyday stimuli individuals have substantial experience integrating the perceptual features of. We assigned participants to face- or voice-recognition groups and ensured that, during the study phase, half of the face or voice targets were encountered also with information in the other modality. Voices initially encoded along with faces were consistently remembered better, providing evidence that cross-modal associations could explain the observed multisensory facilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to argue and provide support for the distinction between eventive and stative verbal predicates being encoded in the syntax. More specifically, following Travis (1991, 2010, MacDonald 2008, Kardos & Farkas 2022), I provide arguments for the existence of an aspectual functional projection situated between Voice and VP: AspP. I argue that eventive verbal predicates project AspP and stative verbal predicates do not. Its syntactic presence serves as input to semantics giving rise to a dynamic predicate, a predicate that entails (some amount of) change along a scale, based on scalar approaches to eventive verbal predicates (Hay et al. 1999, Kennedy & Levin 2008, Beavers 2011, 2013, among others). Empirically, I discuss two phenomena from Spanish: hacerlo "do so" substitution and verbal interfixes, like ot in fregotear "to scrub at" (vs. fregar "to scrub"). I argue that hacer selects for AspP while the verbal interfixes head Asp. Support for the main proposal that there is a syntactic distinction between eventives and statives emerges from the ungrammaticality of hacerlo when it takes a stative verbal antecedent and the fact that the output of interfixation does not give rise to stative verbal predicates, only eventive verbal predicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has shown that potential perpetrators and individuals high in psychopathic traits tend to body language cues to target a potential new victim. However, whether targeting occurs also by tending to vocal cues has not been examined. Thus, the role of voice in interpersonal violence merits investigation. Objective: In two studies, we examined whether perpetrators could differentiate female speakers with and without sexual and physical assault histories (presented as rating the degree of ‘vulnerability’ to victimization). Methods: Two samples of male listeners (sample one N = 105, sample two, N = 109) participated. Each sample rated 18 voices (9 survivors and 9 controls). Listener sample one heard spontaneous speech, and listener sample two heard the second sentence of a standardized passage. Listeners’ self-reported psychopathic traits and history of previous perpetration were measured. Results: Across both samples, history of perpetration (but not psychopathy) predicted accuracy in distinguishing survivors of assault. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential role of voice in prevention and intervention. Gaining a further understanding of what voice cues are associated with accuracy in discerning survivors can also help us understand whether or not specialized voice training could have a role in self-defense practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Movima (isolate, Bolivia) has two transitive clause patterns (direct and inverse), which are reminiscent of Austronesian-type symmetrical voice systems. Similar to undergoer voice and actor voice in Austronesian languages, the Movima direct and inverse voice permit the extraction of either the undergoer or the actor, respectively. In addition to the inverse, however, in Movima actor extraction can also be carried out with a detransitivizing (antipassive) voice. After a description of the system, this corpus-based study explores the factors that determine the use of either the antipassive or the inverse in the third person domain. It is shown that, unlike an Austronesian-type actor voice, the use of the Movima inverse is conditioned by the animacy and definiteness of the undergoer, while the antipassive can be employed irrespective of these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an original and timely contribution to current cutting-edge methodological debates by discussing the ongoing need to ensure communities in zones which are inaccessible through war, conflict or disease still have a voice and are not side-lined. As seen during Covid-19, traditional methods of gaining opinions from these communities, such as face-to-face interviews and focus groups, may be restricted and even impossible. Instead, remote methods using WhatsApp provide many additional benefits, providing qualitative and quantitative data (not always simultaneously provided by surveys or interviews), and allowing voice and text messages to be used. This article draws out the generic implications for the methodology using the substantive findings of a study conducted in the Sahel in 2019–20. Whilst also providing 'how to' discussions on this novel approach, the article critically reflects on the advantages and disadvantages of using WhatsApp as it relates to conducting social research in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the possibilities of analysing children's own designs to contribute to the design of inclusive paediatric mobility interventions. The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to develop a framework for child-centred design analysis, (2) to analyse children's designs to explore both quantitative and qualitative insights and (3) to explore how children's voice could be elevated through design research. A Child-centred Design Analysis Framework is developed in an interdisciplinary manner, comprising four dimensions including Child, Content, Context and Format. It is used as a vehicle to analyse and code 130 "Dream Wheelchair" designs by children. The children's "Dream Wheelchair" designs reference a range of features and priorities, which are gathered into themes through the framework, providing insights into children's individual and collective mobility narratives, values and requirements. Themes are explored through a qualitative interdisciplinary lens to understand the nature of children's lived experiences. The framework promotes child-centred framing through extracting meaning from children's own designs. It is suggested that child-centred framing and a rights-respecting approach to assistive technology design research can lead to more appropriate design outcomes and improved user experiences for children with disabilities. The design analysis framework developed and presented in this paper facilitates child-centred framing to elevate children's voice in a design process. Analysis of 130 children's visual and textual designs elicited narratives, values, and requirements around their "Dream Wheelchairs"; these findings contribute insights which can be used for designing inclusive paediatric mobility interventions. This paper invites industry practitioners and design researchers to use a child-centred and rights-respecting approach when designing with or for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verbal data provide researchers insight beyond that offered by text-based responses, including tone, reasoning elaboration, and experienced difficulty, among other processes. Additionally, it offers a less cognitively taxing way for participants to provide long responses. Verbal data collection methods are found in a variety of fields, mostly conducted in lab-based settings or requiring specialized hardware. Restricting verbal protocols to lab-based settings can have several drawbacks, including smaller sample sizes, biased populations, reduced adoption, and incompatibility with potential social distancing requirements. No method currently exists for researchers to collect verbal data within major online survey collection platforms. The current paper offers a user-friendly approach for collecting verbal data online, where a researcher can copy and paste JavaScript code into the desired survey platform. By providing a framework that does not require any advanced programming ability, researchers can collect verbal data in a scalable way using familiar modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential constructions is an understudied topic in western Austronesian languages. The focus is on Northern Amis (Formosan), with some crosslinguistic comparison. In Amis, experiential constructions are derived by a syncretic suffix –en, which is also an Undergoer Voice suffix. In experiential constructions, –en is suffixed to stative-intransitive verbs compatible with experiences, and functions as an applicative voice that licenses an extra-thematic experiencer marked as the nominative argument, generally with adverse meaning. Though reminiscent of adversative passives in some Asian languages, experiential constructions in Amis are not passives, nor are they standard Undergoer Voice –en constructions for two main reasons: (i) they are restricted to stative and intransitive stems; (ii) their argument structure and case-marking are different. It is argued that the source of Amis experiential constructions is a Proto-Austronesian adversative *ka- ... -an/-en construction (Blust, Robert. 1999. Notes on Pazeh phonology and morphology. Oceanic Linguistics 38(2). 321–365) and that Amis innovated by creating a verbal ma- ... -en experiential applicative construction from that originally non-finite construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rma (also called Qiang) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Northwestern Sichuan, China. In the literature on Rma, all documented varieties of Rma have been reported to have a three-way voice onset timing (VOT) distinction between voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and voiced unaspirated obstruents. This study reports a variety of Rma, which has a near merger of the voiceless unaspirated and voiced unaspirated stops. A pilot study was conducted with speakers from three different villages within Yonghe valley. The results of this empirical study suggest that the Lower Yonghe valley variety has innovated a near merger between voiced and voiceless unaspirated obstruents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angami has three-way laryngeal contrasts in stops, i.e., voiced, voiceless unaspirated, and voiceless aspirated. Apart from that, Angami also has four phonetically level tones. Due to the level nature of the lexical tones in Angami, consonantal perturbations could be investigated clearly. The results of the study showed that the extent of consonantal perturbation depended on the tonal categories. Voiceless consonantal perturbations were weaker as tone categories got higher. Conversely, voiced stop consonantal perturbations were weaker as tone categories got lower. This study also found a systematic relationship between tone height and VOT duration. High tones induced shorter VOT, while low tones induced longer VOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1907--1908, the Ladies Home Journal published a series of articles in which people could send questions to the famous voice teacher Mathilda Marchesi (1821--1913) to be answered in print. These articles are a rare glimpse at first-person, uninterpreted information. To the author's knowledge, this collection of articles had not been previously re-published in its entirety until this three-part series within Provenance, of which this installment is Part Two. While Marchesi fields a range of questions, a persistent theme in this installment involves the appropriate age to begin serious study of voice, as well as Marchesi's opinion of diaphragmatic, "lateral" and clavicular breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author Justin John Moniz addresses the evolving demands of operatic, musical theatre, and popular styles of singing, and the need for active recovery both during and after vocal activities. A discussion surrounding rate of perceived exertion as it relates to a singer's heart rate, breath rate, sweating, and fatigue, provides the framework for self-assessment principles which serve as tools to assist in cultivating longevity and success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing a research project which explores aspects of singing voice production can be a very rewarding endeavor or a very frustrating one, since high-quality research requires great care in the design and execution of the experimental protocol. In this article and the subsequent one, the authors address readers who seek to perform scientific studies on the voice. We discuss certain standards that need to be met for the results to be meaningful, including the types of equipment used to make measurements as well as their calibration, the control of experimental variables, issues concerning the subjects and subject populations, the experimental tasks the subjects perform, and statistical power. We present this in the form of "fatal flaws" to avoid in doing an experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship among Research and Development (R&D) expenditure, government effectiveness, and voice accountability in 15 Latin American countries. R&D expenditure is a crucial driver of innovation and economic growth, and effective governance and voice accountability are essential for promoting transparency and citizen participation in decision-making processes. The study utilizes a panel dataset from 2002 to 2021 and employs computer data analysis to estimate the effects of changes in government effectiveness and voice accountability on R&D expenditure. The findings reveal a positive impact of government effectiveness and voice accountability on R&D expenditure. A 1% increase in government effectiveness is associated with a 0.618% increase in research development expenditure, while a 1% rise in voice accountability corresponds to a 0.625% increase. These results highlight the importance of effective governance and citizen engagement in fostering R&D investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This mixed-methods study delves into rural community servicelearning (CSL) partnerships, shedding light on the complexities and dynamics of collaboration between colleges and rural communities. Through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research amplifies the voices of rural community partners, emphasizing the crucial role of trust, communication, and reciprocity. Challenges such as staff demands and organizational mismatches underscore the need for rural institutions to better prepare students and allocate resources to support their community partners effectively. The study advocates for transformative CSL approaches that prioritize community needs and nurture long-lasting collaborations. By providing insights into the impact of CSL on rural partners and organizations, this research offers valuable recommendations for improving future practices and fostering meaningful engagement in both rural and urban settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]