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The functional impairment and numerical decline of CD8+ T cells during HIV infection has a profound effect on disease progression, but only limited microarray studies have used CD8+ T cells. To understand the interactions of HIV and host CD8+ T cells at different disease status, we used the Illumina Human-6 BeadChips to evaluate the transcriptional profile (>48,000 transcripts) in primary CD8+ T cells from HIV+ therapy-naive non-progressors and therapy-experienced progressors. 68 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 6 have been reported in HIV context, while others are associated with biological functions relevant to HIV pathogenesis. By GSEA, the coordinated up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes and interferon responses were detected as fingerprints in HIV progressors on HAART, whereas LTNP displayed a transcriptional signature of coordinated up-regulation of components of MAPK and cytotoxicty pathways. These results will provide biological insights into natural control of HIV versus HIV control under HAART.

WD repeat-containing protein 42A (WDR42A) is a member of the WD40-repeat proteins. Here, we investigated the localization pattern of WDR42A in living cells. By mutational analysis, a nuclear localization signal, 114PRRRVQRKR122, was for the first time determined. The dominant negative, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down results further demonstrated that the nuclear import of WDR42A was mediated by karyopherin-α1/β1 in conjunction with the GTPase Ran. Additionally, a nuclear export signal, 39IEVEASDLSLSL50, was verified to be a functional NES, which mediated the nuclear export through Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 dependent pathway. All these data suggest WDR42A is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein.Structured summary of protein interactionsKaryopherin alpha-1 physically interacts with WDR42A by anti tag co-immunoprecipitation (View interaction) WDR42A physically interacts with Karyopherin alpha-1 by pull down (View interaction) Karyopherin beta-1 physically interacts with WDR42A by anti tag co-immunoprecipitation (View interaction) WDR42A physically interacts with CRM1 by anti tag co-immunoprecipitation (View interaction) WDR42A and RAN colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 regulates mRNA genesis. It shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Its shuttling signal is a 38-residue sequence M9. We studied the nuclear import and export of M9 by mutational analysis. Heterokaryon assay indicated that the 19-residue sequence SNFGPMKGGNFGGRSSGPY (M9 core) is necessary and sufficient for shuttling. Moreover, M9 core mutation revealed that in addition to the hitherto characterized N-terminal motif SNFGPMK, the C-terminal motif PY is crucial for nuclear import as well as for binding to transportin. Key residues of the motifs are conserved in the shuttling signals of hnRNP D and JKTBP.

Poésies d'André-Marie AMPERE

En la línea de investigación que relaciona la actividad emprendedora con el desarrollo económico, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las condiciones del entorno emprendedor con las distintas etapas de desarrollo económico de los países. Para su realización se han utilizado los datos procedentes de la encuesta a los expertos (NES) del proyecto GEM de los 67 países que han participado en la edición de 2013. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la existencia de relación entre las condiciones del entorno emprendedor y distintas etapas de desarrollo económico de los países. La principal aportación del trabajo es la caracterización de un patrón de condiciones del entorno emprendedor de cada grupo de países, según su etapa de desarrollo., In the line of research linking entrepreneurship to economic development, this paper aims to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial framework conditions with different stages of economic development of countries. To do it data from the national experts survey (NES) of the GEM project of the 67 countries participating in the edition of 2013 has been used. The results confirm the existence of relationship between entrepreneurial framework conditions and different stages of economic development of countries. The main contribution of this paper is the creation of a pattern entrepreneurial framework conditions for each group of countries according to their stage of development.