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Aims: An increasing body of evidence suggests that drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty represents a valuable option for revascularization in selected patients with coronary bifurcation disease. However, there remains a paucity of real-world observational evidence on the efficacy of DCB in left main (LM) true bifurcation lesion. We compared clinical and angiographic outcomes of hybrid [DCB + drug-eluting stent (DES)] versus DES-only strategy (provisional stenting or two-stent strategies) in de novo LM true bifurcated lesions., Methods: The primary endpoint was the 2-year composite rate of target lesion failure (TLF): cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR). A routine 1-year angiographic follow-up was scheduled. Propensity-score matching was utilized to assemble a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics., Results: Among 1077 eligible patients, 199 who received DCB treatment and 398 who were assigned to DES therapy had similar propensity scores and were included in the analysis. TLF within 2 years occurred in 13 patients (7.56%) assigned to DCB group, and 52 patients (14.36%) assigned to DES group (odds ratio: 0.487; 95% confidence interval: 0.258-0.922; P = 0.025; Log-rank P = 0.024). Compared with the DES group, the DCB group resulted in a lower rate of CD-TLR (2.91% vs. 9.42%; P = 0.007). Cardiac death, TVMI, all-cause mortality, and stent thrombosis were comparable between both groups. Patients treated with DES-only were associated with a higher late lumen loss (0.42 ± 0.62 mm vs . 0.13 ± 0.42 mm, P < 0.001) compared with the DCB group at 1 year. In sensitivity analysis, the DCB group also presented a lower incidence of TLF, CD-TLR and stent thrombosis both compared to the two-stent strategy and compared to provisional stenting ( P s < 0.05)., Conclusion: The 2-year results of PCI utilizing DCB for LM true bifurcation lesions are superior to employing DES alone in terms of safety and effectiveness., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Pan, Lu, Han, Pan, Wang, Shan, Peng, Qin, Sun, Zhang, Dong and Qiu.)

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB), alone or in combination with drug-eluting stents (DES), may be used to treat diffuse coronary lesions. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of DCB in patients with diffuse coronary lesions., Methods: Consecutive patients with diffuse coronary lesions (lesion length > 25 mm) who underwent DCB and/or DES between January 2015 and December 2019 were included in this prospective, observational, multicenter study. The DCB group included 355 patients (360 lesions), of which 142 patients (143 lesions, 39.7%) received the DCB-only strategy and 213 patients (217 lesions, 60.3%) received the hybrid strategy (DCB combined with DES). The DES group included 672 patients (831 lesions) treated with DES alone. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) during 3-year follow-up was the primary outcome of interest. The secondary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization., Results: The two groups had comparable baseline clinical and lesion characteristics. Lesion length was similar (43.52 ± 16.46 mm vs. 44.87 ± 15.80 mm, P = 0.181), but the stent length in the DCB group was significantly shorter (24.02 ± 23.62 mm vs. 51.89 ± 15.81 mm, P < 0.001). Ten lesions (2.8%) in the DCB group received bailout stents. Over 3 years of follow-up, no significant difference in TLR incidence between the groups (7.3 vs. 8.3%, log-rank P = 0.636) was observed. Incidence of MACE also did not differ significantly (11.3 vs. 13.7%, log-rank P = 0.324). No thrombosis events occurred in the DCB group, while four patients (0.6%) in the DES group experienced stent thrombosis (log-rank P = 0.193). Moreover, similar TLR and MACE rates were observed between DCB-only and hybrid strategies (TLR: 6.4 vs. 8.0%, log-rank P = 0.651; MACE: 11.4 vs. 11.2%, log-rank P = 0.884)., Conclusion: Long-term outcomes show that the efficacy and safety of the DCB strategy (DCB alone or combined with DES) are similar to those of DES alone in diffuse coronary lesions. These findings suggest that this strategy is a promising alternative for select patients with diffuse coronary lesions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yang, Lu, Pan, Han, Pan, Wang, Zhu, Shan, Peng, Qin, Zhang, Qin, Sun, Qin, Dong and Qiu.)

Zebrafish is one of the ideal model animals to study the structural and functional heterogeneities in development. However, the lack of high throughput 3D imaging techniques has limited studies to only a few samples, despite zebrafish spawning tens of embryos at once. Here, we report a light-sheet flow imaging system (LS-FIS) based on light-sheet illumination and a continuous flow imager. LS-FIS enables whole-larva 3D imaging of tens of samples within half an hour. The high throughput 3D imaging capability of LS-FIS was demonstrated with the developmental study of the zebrafish vasculature from 3 to 9 days post-fertilization. Statistical analysis shows significant variances in trunk vessel development but less in hyaloid vessel development., Competing Interests: The authors Guang Yang, Xin Jin, Yong Liang, Xiaohu Chen, Linbo Wang and Hui Li have filed a patent application, and they stand to benefit should the patent be awarded., (© 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

Backgrounds: Although drug-eluting stents are the most common interventional devices for patients with coronary disease, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) represent a novel therapeutic alternative in certain scenarios. This prospective, observational all-comers study explored the clinical outcomes of DCB use in patients with coronary lesions., Methods and Results: All patients treated with DCBs were enrolled in this study, including patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) or de novo lesions. The primary outcome was the target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at one year. We enrolled 2306 patients with 2660 lesions and performed DCB angioplasty in 399 patients (17.3%) with ISR and 1907 patients (82.7%) with de novo lesions. During follow-up (366 ± 46 days), the TLR rate was lower in the de novo lesion group (1.31%) compared to the ISR group (7.02%) [odds ratio (OR) 0.176, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.101-0.305, p < 0.001]. Patients with de novo lesions had a lower yearly incidence of MACE compared to ISR patients (2.73 vs. 9.27%, respectively, OR 0.274, 95% CI 0.177-0.424, p < 0.001) and a lower incidence of any revascularization (5.09 vs. 13.03%, OR 0.358, 95% CI 0.251-0.510, p < 0.001). No significant differences between groups were observed in the rates of cardiac death (OR 0.783, 95% CI 0.258-2.371, p = 0.655) or MI (OR 0.696, 95% CI 0.191-2.540, p = 0.573)., Conclusions: DCB angioplasty in this all-comers, real-world, prospective study was safe and efficient with low TLR and MACE rates. Thus, DCB appears to be an attractive alternative for the stent-less treatment of de novo coronary lesions. ISR in-stent restenosis; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; TLR target lesion revascularization; MACE major adverse cardiovascular events; MI myocardial infraction. MACE defined as the composite outcome of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. Any revascularization includes any percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting., (© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The growth of zebrafish's vessels can be used as an indicator of the vascular development process and to study the biological mechanisms. The three-dimensional (3D) structures of zebrafish's trunk vessels could be imaged by state-of-art light-sheet fluorescent microscopy with high efficiency. A large amount of data was then produced. Accurate segmentation of these 3D images becomes a new bottleneck for automatic and quantitative analysis. Here, we propose a Multi-scale 3D U-Net model to perform the segmentation of trunk vessels. The segmentation accuracies of 82.3% and 83.0%, as evaluated by the IoU (Intersection over Union) parameter, were achieved for intersegmental vessels and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels respectively. The growth of zebrafish vasculature from 42-62 hours was then analyzed quantitatively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this article., (© 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.)

There has been significant progress in skeleton-based action recognition. Human skeleton can be naturally structured into graph, so graph convolution networks have become the most popular method in this task. Most of these state-of-the-art methods optimized the structure of human skeleton graph to obtain better performance. Based on these advanced algorithms, a simple but strong network is proposed with three major contributions. Firstly, inspired by some adaptive graph convolution networks and non-local blocks, some kinds of self-attention modules are designed to exploit spatial and temporal dependencies and dynamically optimize the graph structure. Secondly, a light but efficient architecture of network is designed for skeleton-based action recognition. Moreover, a trick is proposed to enrich the skeleton data with bones connection information and make obvious improvement to the performance. The method achieves 90.5% accuracy on cross-subjects setting (NTU60), with 0.89M parameters and 0.32 GMACs of computation cost. This work is expected to inspire new ideas for the field., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its influence on personal hygiene behaviors and peritonitis rate in peritoneal-dialysis patients is unknown., Methods: A multi-center retrospective study was conducted. We reviewed all the cases of peritoneal-dialysis (PD) patients from four major PD centers in Wuhan before and after COVID-19. There were 567 patients enrolled in total. Information was collected on personal hygiene behaviors, basic clinical characteristics, lab results, peritonitis details. We used Chi-square analysis to compare the personal hygiene behaviors, and used Chi-square goodness-of-fit analysis to compare the peritonitis rates before and after COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for peritonitis rate., Results: There were no significant differences on peritonitis rates in six-month period before and after COVID-19 (p = 0.0756, Fig. 2 and Table 3). But Gram-positive infections decreased dramatically (p = 0.0041, Table 4). Personal hygiene behaviors such as length of time for washing hands when performing PD treatment, the frequency of washing hands before PD treatment and six general behaviors had significant differences (P < 0.05 Table 2). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed never washing hands before PD treatment and serum albumin level were the risk factors of peritonitis during COVID-19 (OR 14.408, 95%CI 3.930 -52.821, P = 0.0002; OR 4.681, 95% CI 1.755 -12.485, P = 0.002, Table 5)., Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant positive influence on personal hygiene behaviors. Peritonitis rate did not significantly decrease but Gram-positive infections dramatically decreased. Never hand washing before PD treatment and serum albumin were the risk factors for peritonitis. We should emphasize hand washing before PD treatment in training and re-training program., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Background: Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) allografts are commonly used in the surgical treatment of complex and irreparable rotator cuff tears. Multiple studies report that superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using ADM has resulted in short-term clinical success as assessed via radiographic and patient-reported outcomes. However, limited information is available regarding the biologic fate of these grafts in human subjects. This case series describes histologic results from 8 patients who had reoperations, during which the previously implanted ADMs were removed. These explanted ADMs were subjected to histologic analysis with the hypothesis that they would have evidence of recellularization, revascularization, and active remodeling., Methods: Eight patients, 38-82 years old, underwent reoperation 6-38 months after undergoing SCR. ADM explants were voluntarily shipped to the manufacturer for histologic analysis. Each graft's structure and composition were qualitatively evaluated by 1 or more of the following histologic stains: hematoxylin and eosin, safranin O, and Russell-Movat pentachrome. Pan-muscle actin staining also assessed the level of neovascularization, potential myoblast or myocyte infiltration, and muscle tissue development in the graft, and was analyzed to determine the proportion of graft that had been recellularized in situ., Results: Grafts showed varying levels of gross and microscopic incorporation with the host. An uneven, but high, overall degree of recellularization, revascularization, and active remodeling was observed. The degree of remodeling correlated with implant duration. These results are consistent with successful biologic reconstruction of the superior shoulder capsule., Conclusions: The present histologic analysis suggests that ADMs used in SCR undergo active recellularization, revascularization, and remodeling as early as 6 months after implantation, and that graft recellularization positively correlates with duration of implantation. These results represent a significant advancement in our knowledge regarding biologic incorporation of ADMs used in SCR., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Although drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty is an effective therapy for drug-eluting stent- in stent restenosis (DES-ISR) after coronary stenting, recurrent ISR after DCB angioplasty still occurs. Different patterns of DES-ISR responding to DCB are largely unknown. This study sought to assess outcomes of different patterns of DES-ISR treated with DCB. From December 2014 to December 2016, a total of 160 DES-ISR lesions treated with DCB were retrospectively evaluated. Restenosis patterns were classified into two groups according to Mehran classification: focal, defined as < 10 mm, 58 lesions (36.3%); non-focal, which were diffuse, proliferative, or obstructive, 102 lesions (63.7%). The primary endpoint was binary restenosis rate at 9-month angiographic follow-up. Secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 24-month follow-up. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Angiographic follow-up rate was 93.7% (93.1% in the focal group and 94.1% in the non-focal group). The focal group had a lower recurrent restenosis rate compared to the non-focal group (3.7% vs. 33.3%, respectively; P = 0.003) at an average angiographic follow-up of 10 (10.4 ± 6.2) months. There was no difference in MACE between the two groups (6.9% vs. 11.8%, respectively; P = 0.70) at (22.7 ± 9.1) months clinical follow-up. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, focal pattern (OR 13.033; 95% CI 2.441-69.573, P = 0.003) and post-procedure DS% (OR 1.142; 95% CI 1.070-1.218, P = 0.000) were predictive factors of binary restenosis after DCB angioplasty. On multivariate analysis, focal pattern of ISR was a predictive factor of MACE (OR 0.260; 95% CI 0.071-0.959, P = 0.043), and diabetes mellitus (DM) was an independent predictor of MACE after DCB angioplasty (OR 5.045; 95% CI 1.179-21.590, P = 0.029). The present study suggests that DCB provides much better clinical, angiographic outcomes in patients with focal DES-ISR than non-focal DES-ISR.

Acellular human dermal allograft commonly is used in the surgical treatment of complex rotator cuff tears, but little information is known about the biological fate of these grafts in human subjects. In this case report, the authors describe a patient who presented with a radiographically healed acellular human dermal allograft superior capsular reconstruction but had humeral head avascular necrosis. The healed superior capsular reconstruction, including graft-bone interfaces, was explanted after 7 months and sent for histologic analysis. A successful biological reconstruction of the superior capsule was found. The graft demonstrated gross and microscopic incorporation with the host, including a tendon-like structure, aligned collagen fibers, fibroblast-like cells, and no clear graft-host distinction. Cellular infiltration ranged from 5% to 14% (central graft) to 65% to 92% (sutured attachment points). Neovascularization and active graft remodeling were confirmed histologically. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, case report., (Copyright © 2019 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The copper(II) ion (Cu 2+ ) has played an indispensable role in diverse kinds of functional physiological processes of organisms, which has become of growing interest. Despite the fact that numerous Cu 2+ test papers using fluorescent probes have been fabricated, sensors featuring the ratiometric property that integrates quenched probes and an inner standard dye are rarely reported. Herein, a two-component ratiometric sensor in a paper-based device is proposed to realize highly selective Cu 2+ detection. To overcome shortcomings such as low signal-to-noise ratio and incorrect response of the quenching probe, a novel BODIPY-based turn-off probe (P2017) is designed and introduced into the paper-based device with better water solubility and selectivity for Cu 2+ detection. Furthermore, a reference dye (B001), exhibiting an emission at 690 nm when the excitation wavelength is 480 nm, is also introduced into the paper-based device. These two components can enhance the quality of the signal as P2017 is sensitively quenched by Cu 2+ , while B001 with a photostable property, serving as an internal benchmark, is unable to react with Cu 2+ . The results indicated that the two components provided a new concept for optimizing paper-based device fabrication and developing accurate, simple, and inexpensive Cu 2+ detection methods, which could be potentially applied to monitor human health and the environment in remote areas. Graphical abstract.

A photoelectrochemical (PEC) method is described for aptamer-based detection of ofloxacin (OFL). It is making use of a TiO 2 nanotube array (NTA) that is sensitized with a structure composed of polydopamine and silver sulfide nanoparticles. The NTA were prepared by a two-step synthetic method. First, the TiO 2 nanotube electrode was covered with Ag 2 S nanoparticles via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction strategy. Next, they were coated with a thin film of polydopamine (PDA) by in-situ polymerization. The inorganic/organic nanocomposites exhibit distinctly enhanced visible-light PEC activity. This was exploited to fabricate a PEC aptasensor. The PDA film serves as both the sensitizer for charge separation and as a support to bind the aptamer against OFL. The aptasensor undergoes a decrease in photocurrent due to the formation of the aptamer-OFL complex. Under the optimized conditions and at a typical working potential of 0 V (vs. Hg/Hg 2 Cl 2 ), the NTA has a linear response in the 5.0 pM to 100 nM OFL concentration range and a 0.75 pM detection limit (at S/N = 3). The aptasensor was successfully applied to the determination of OFL in spiked milk samples. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration for the preparation and mechanism of the photoelectrochemical aptasensor for ofloxacin. TiO 2 NTs: TiO 2 nanotube arrays; PDA: polydopamine; MCH: 6-mercapto-1-hexanol; OFL: ofloxacin; PEC: photoelectrochemistry; CB: conduction band; VB: valence band; LUMO: the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; HOMO: the highest occupied molecular orbital; AA: ascorbic acid.

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was designed for detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) based on graphene quantum dots-sensitized TiO 2 nanotube arrays (GQDs/TiO 2 NTs). The GQDs/TiO 2 NTs nanohybrids were prepared by a coupling technique of linker molecule binding and electrophoretic deposition. It exhibited significantly enhanced visible-light photoelectrochemical activity, which was firstly employed as the photoactive material for fabrication of PEC aptasensor. As the recognition unit, the aptamers of CAP were immobilized on GQDs/TiO 2 NTs photoelectrode via π-π stacking interaction between GQDs and the nucleobases of the aptamer. In this signal-on proposal, the aptasensor was used for the label-free analysis of CAP by monitoring the increase in photocurrent that resulted from the formation of aptamer-CAP bioaffinity complexes with ascorbic acid as an efficient electron donor for scavenging photogenerated holes. Under the optimized conditions, the aptasensor showed a wide linear range from 0.5 nM to 100 nM for CAP detection with a low detection limit of 57.9 pM (S/N = 3). With good selectivity and sensitivity, the PEC aptasensor was applied to the determination of CAP in spiked honey samples with satisfactory results, suggesting that the GQDs/TiO 2 NTs photoelectrode has a promising application in constructing PEC sensor platform., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We developed a facile and feasible fluorescent nanoswitch assay for reversible recognition of glutamate (Glu) and Al 3+ in human serum and living cell. The proposed nanoswitch assay is based on our recently developed method for controlled synthesis of fluorescent polydopamine dots (PDADs) at room temperature with dopamine as the sole precursor. The fluorescence of nanoswitch assay could be quickly and efficiently quenched by Glu (turn-Off), and the addition of Al 3+ could recover the fluorescence of the PDADs-Glu system (turn-On). Meanwhile, the reversible recognition of Glu and Al 3+ in this nanoswitch system was stable after three cycles. Additionally, the system displayed excellent performance for Glu and Al 3+ determination with a low detection limit of 0.12 and 0.2 μM, respectively. Moreover, PDADs are successfully applied to determine Glu and monitor Al 3+ in human serum. Noteworthy, the nanoswitch assay is transported into HepG2 cells and realized "Off" detection of Glu and "On" sensing Al 3+ in the living cells. Therefore, this PDADs-based nanoswitch assay provides a strategy to develop reversible recognition biosensors for intracellular and external molecular analysis.

A visible-light driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor is described that is capable of detecting chloramphenicol (CAP). It is based on the use of a TiO 2 based nanorod array (NRA) sensitized with Eu(III)-doped CdS quantum dots. The NRA absorbs visible-light and while strongly depressing the recombination of photogenerated charges, thereby improving photo-to-current conversion efficiency. The introduction of Eu(III) ions promotes the charge transformation and utilization, and this results in a further increase of photocurrent. The NRA was employed as the photoactive material for the fabrication of a PEC aptasensor. CAP-binding aptamers were immobilized on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode that was modified with the NRA. The aptasensor was applied to the determination of CAP by monitoring the decrease in photocurrent (at a typical voltage of 0 V) that is caused by the formation of the aptamer-CAP complex. Under optimal conditions, the response is linear in the 1.0 pM to 3.0 nM CAP concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.36 pM (at S/N = 3). The method was applied to the determination of CAP in spiked milk samples where it gave satisfactory results. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the fabrication of a visible-light driven photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on the use of a TiO 2 nanorod array sensitized with Eu(III)-doped CdS quantum dots. It was applied to the determination of chloramphenicol with good selectivity and high sensitivity. TiO 2 NRA: TiO 2 nanorod array; FTO: fluorine-doped tin oxide; CdS:Eu 3+ QDs: Eu(III)-doped CdS quantum dots; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CAP: chloramphenicol.

Human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are used successfully in a variety of procedures, including sports medicine related, wound repair, and breast reconstructions, but the mechanism of repair is still not fully understood. An opportunity to explore this mechanism presented itself when a patient experienced a rerupture of the native tendon due to a fall that occurred 2 months after undergoing an Achilles tendon repair using Matracell treated ADM. The ADM was removed and an extensive histology analysis was performed on the tissue. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to determine the mechanism of ADM integration into the tendon structure and explore if differences in this mechanism exist for different types of human ADMS. The histology analysis demonstrated that the healing process during a tendon reconstruction procedure is similar to that of wound healing. Furthermore, the literature review showed that differences exist in the mechanism for integration among various human ADMs and that these differences may be due to variances in the methods and technologies that manufactures use to process human ADMs.

We examined the interaction between chitosan-based nanocapsules (NC), with average hydrodynamic diameter ∼114-155nm, polydispersity ∼0.127, and ζ-potential ∼+50mV, and an E. coli bacterial quorum sensing reporter strain. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) allowed full characterization and assessment of the absolute concentration of NC per unit volume in suspension. By centrifugation, DLS, and NTA, we determined experimentally a "stoichiometric" ratio of ∼80 NC/bacterium. By SEM it was possible to image the aggregation between NC and bacteria. Moreover, we developed a custom in silico platform to simulate the behavior of particles with diameters of 150nm and ζ-potential of +50mV on the bacterial surface. We computed the detailed force interactions between NC-NC and NC-bacteria and found that a maximum number of 145 particles might interact at the bacterial surface. Additionally, we found that the "stoichiometric" ratio of NC and bacteria has a strong influence on the bacterial behavior and influences the quorum sensing response, particularly due to the aggregation driven by NC., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cells respond to their surroundings through an interactive adhesion process that has direct effects on cell proliferation and migration. This research was designed to investigate the effects of TiO2 nanotubes with different topographies and structures on the biological behavior of cultured cells. The results demonstrated that the nanotube diameter, rather than the crystalline structure of the coatings, was a major factor for the biological behavior of the cultured cells. The optimal diameter of the nanotubes was 20 nm for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in both glioma and osteosarcoma cells. The expression levels of vitronectin and phosphor-focal adhesion kinase were affected by the nanotube diameter; therefore, it is proposed that the responses of vitronectin and phosphor-focal adhesion kinase to the nanotube could modulate cell fate. In addition, the geometry and size of the nanotube coating could regulate the degree of expression of acetylated α-tubulin, thus indirectly modulating cell migration behavior. Moreover, the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were influenced by the topography. In conclusion, a nanotube diameter of 20 nm was the critical threshold that upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 and obviously decreased the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. This information will be useful for future biomedical and clinical applications.

This paper introduces the research progress related to the antioxidant activity of bamboo leaf flavonoid (EOB-f) and its pharmacological activity of heart and cerebral vessels. The paper studied what role EOB-f played in the diagnosis of heart and cerebral vessels, based on the in vitro, in vivo and animal model as well as the pharmacological research experiment. 1) The in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that EOB-f has the function of anti-reactive-oxide species, anti-aging and anti-fatigue; 2) The research of animal model indicated that EOB-f can significantly decrease the triglyceride (TG) content in serum, significantly increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in serum, regulate blood lipids and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis; 3) The pharmacological study showed that EOB-f has the effect to resist the whole animal anoxia, can effectively dilate coronary vessels, increase coronary flow, increase myocardial contractility, obviously improve myocardial ischemia and diminish the myocardial infarction scope, inhibit the coagulation process and reduce platelet aggregation, and has certain protective effect on cerebral ischemia. EOB-f has the potential to develop as the natural drug and functional foods for prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.