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In this study, selective laser melting (SLM), an additive manufacturing technology, is used to fabricate Co-Cr-Mo/diamond (10 vol%) composite samples for application in the field of diamond tools. To obtain suitable SLM processing parameters, the samples were optimized in terms of the three-dimensional roughness, microhardness, relative density, and bending strength. The results indicated that the optimal SLM processing parameters were a laser power of 220 W, scanning speed of 750 mm/s, and layer thickness of 0.05 mm, and the bending strength of the samples reached 1000 MPa. Furthermore, the influence of the laser energy on the melting of the mixed powder, expansion of the melt pool, and bonding of Co-Cr-Mo/diamond composites during the SLM process was determined simultaneously. In addition, the abrasion resistances of the Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-Mo/diamond-composite samples were compared using frictional wear tests. The results showed that the mass-loss of the Co-Cr-Mo samples equalled 2.1%, and the friction coefficient increased continuously from 0.13 to 0.75 before stabilizing. The mass-loss of the Co-Cr-Mo/diamond-composite sample equalled 0.3%, and the coefficient of friction maintained a dynamic equilibrium of approximately 0.3, which indicated that the Co-Cr-Mo/diamond-composite sample had better abrasion resistance. This study provides a new method for fabricating complex diamond tools with a high concentration of diamond in a refractory metal matrix. • Co-Cr-Mo/diamond (10 vol%) composite was formed by selective laser melting. • Diamonds were firmly enfolded in the alloy matrix. • Diamonds were mitigated thermal damage due to the protecting of matrix. • Co-Cr-Mo/diamond composites had better frictional resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fatigue performance of repaired Al alloy is recovered to original state. • The bonding mode was transformed from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding. • Massive Al 2 O 3 reinforcements of nano/micro size were formed in the coating. • Laser shock peening is used to optimise the residual stress distribution. The cold spray (CS) process has been demonstrated to be an attractive additive manufacturing technology for the development of freeforms and coatings from temperature-sensitive materials. However, owing to the lower bonding strength and inhomogeneous residual stress field distribution, the fatigue performance of CS deposition cannot satisfy the requirements of numerous engineering conditions. This study proposes a novel and promising approach to recover the fatigue performance of CS-repaired Al alloy components using two laser beam modulations. In the treatment, a millisecond laser is used during the CS process to heat the impact location in situ, by which the bonding mode is transformed from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding, and massive Al 2 O 3 reinforcements of nano/micro size are formed in the coating. Thus, the bonding strength is significantly improved. Next, another nanosecond laser is used as a post-treatment to act on the area except the repaired region of the sample, which optimised the residual stress distribution around the repaired zone by the mechanical effects of the laser-induced ultra-high shock waves. Through the combination of these two lasers, the fatigue performance of CS-repaired Al alloy samples is successfully restored to its original condition. This study demonstrates that this compound process of CS technology and laser processing presents a wide range of possibilities for further development of advanced repair technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced surface-strengthening technology that improves the anti-fatigue performance of metallic components. However, there is a significant barrier to the application of thin-walled components because the high-energy laser causes deformation and nonuniformity of compressive residual stress, thereby reducing fatigue performance. In this study, an LSP technology based on a low-pulse-energy laser was developed. We applied it to a thin-walled AA7075 aluminium alloy specimen (∼4 mm thickness) and achieved an improvement in the high-cycle fatigue limit of 20.4 and 37.0% for the smooth and pre-cracked fatigue specimens, respectively, in the absence of deformation. It was discovered that the enhanced dynamic nanoscale precipitation and dislocation multiplication effects of the high-pressure shock wave contribute to microstructure stability under cyclic loading, resulting in high compressive residual stress stability. Moreover, the unique heterogeneous grain structure on the surface layer subjected to LSP at low pulse energy effectively restrains crack initiation and propagation. Because these findings apply to a wide range of alloys, the current results create new avenues for improving the fatigue performance of thin-walled components. [Display omitted] • Laser shock peening at a low pulse energy can improve the fatigue strength of thin-walled parts. • More nanoprecipitations are formed because of the intensified dynamic precipitation effects. • Heterogeneous grain structure are introduced into the materials. • Molecular dynamic simulation is conducted to understand non-uniform grain refinement phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the adhesion and anti-corrosion properties of hydroxyapatite coating (HA) on the surface of implant magnesium alloy, carbon interface (C) was successfully introduced by resin carbonization method. The adhesion and anti-corrosion properties of the coatings were characterized. After introducing PyC interface, the adhesion of the coating increased by 173%. The corrosion current in the polarization curve decreased by three orders of magnitude, meaning that the corrosion resistance was improved significantly. The microcracks on carbon interface layer surface provided enough bonding strength between the hydroxyapatite coating and carbon coating, due to forming the mortise and tenon embedding structure. The introduction of PyC interface layer improved the overall density of the coating and effectively isolated the contact between the corrosion solution and the magnesium alloy matrix, resulting in that the corrosion resistance was significantly improved. [Display omitted] • HA/C composite coating is prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy. • The composite coating is complete without crack after sintering. • The bonding force and corrosion resistance are greatly improved. • A mechanism model for improving bonding force of the coating is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The micro-extracting system effectively extracts subcutaneous interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive manner. • The negative pressure can enrich biomacromolecules and improve their concentration correlation with blood. • The micro-extracting system enables the broad use of MN-based microdevices for biomarkers capture and analysis. Interstitial fluid (ISF) is considered an underutilized source of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, biomacromolecular markers cannot be enriched in ISF due to the restriction of capillary walls, which limits the wide use of ISF in biomarkers analysis. Here, an integrated micro-extracting system (MES) that includes a multimicrochannel microneedles (MMNs) array and a bilayer suction cup is presented. The system coupled with negative pressure (NP) realizes high-efficiency extraction of ISF and in-situ recruitment of biomacromolecular markers in a minimally invasive manner. By high-precision laser microfabrication technology, internal microchannels are created through pyramidal microneedles (MNs), which convey a concentrated, safe NP around the local dermal capillaries to increase their filtration and permeability, realizing the enrichment of biomacromolecular markers in ISF; meanwhile, the excellent mechanical properties of MMNs promise stable outlets for ISF under NP, achieving high-efficiency extraction. More importantly, compared to the lasting damage caused by applying NP directly to the skin surface, skin tissue is well-tolerated to our MES. The biomacromolecular enriching effect is confirmed by fluorescent substances with different molecular weights in vivo and bone turnover markers in osteoporosis mice model. The system broadens the vision of MN-based microdevices for minimally invasive disease diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The well-bonded W/316L was firstly fabricated by selective laser melting. • Heat treatment reduced defects greatly by releasing the thermal stress. • W/316L exhibited secondary Fe 3 W 3 C and Fe 6 W 6 W phase after heat treatment. • Dislocation blocking of precipitate facilitated to the enhancement of micro-hardness. W/316L multi-materials can realize the function of W as the plasma facing material and 316 L as the structural material in nuclear fusion reactors. In this study, well-bonded W/316L multi-material was firstly manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical property of W/316L was investigated. Results showed that the pores and cracks located at the bonding region could be reduced significantly by heat treatment at 1200 oC for 1 h. There was an obvious static recrystallization phenomenon of equiaxed sub-crystals among the bonding region and the existence of secondary Fe 3 W 3 C, Fe 6 W 6 C intermetallic compounds initiated from primary Fe 2 W and Fe 7 W 6 matrix. In terms of mechanical properties, 22% increase in micro-hardness obtained at the W/316L bonding region, as well as an increase from 5.2% to 22.8% of the elongation after heat treatment was attributed to the precipitation of more secondary Fe 3 W 3 C, Fe 6 W 6 phases, which introduced more nucleation sites and limited the slip of dislocations. This work provides a novel approach to fabricate and optimize W/316L multi-material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The aging of polyetheretherketone powder has double-edged effects. • Aging can improve the powder morphology and crystalline structure. • The macromolecular Figure 1 cross-linking after aging reduces the crystallinity of powders. Variations of the properties of virgin and recycled powders are still important challenges in high-temperature laser powder bed fusion, which directly affect the processing parameters and the ultimate quality of the product. The key factor is the aging mechanism of powder during the layer-wise infrared radiation process of laser powder bed fusion. Therefore, the evolution of physico-chemical structure under different infrared radiation temperatures is thoroughly studied in this paper, and the aging mechanism is proposed for polyetheretherketone powder. On the one hand, the layer-wise infrared radiation can promote the spheroidization of particle edges and corners, and the fusion of slits inside the powder. Meanwhile, more ordered crystalline structure, smaller interplanar spacing, and reduced lattice volume emerge with the deepening of powder aging. The sintering window is widened accompanied by the disappearance of the exothermic peak. On the other hand, although the chain does not break after aging, the macromolecular has been cross-linked to form a biphenyl structure, which can directly reduce the crystallinity of polyetheretherketone powder. This research is of guiding significance for the development of anti-aging polyetheretherketone powder and the consistent powder management of laser powder bed fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effect of laser energy density on formation of Ni 4 Ti 3 of SLM NiTi was investigated. • The formation and evolution of Ni 4 Ti 3 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. • Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates better combined with NiTi matrix at a lower energy density. • A tensile strength of 801.7 MPa and elongation of 7.64% of NiTi was achieved. This research investigated the influence of laser energy density on the formation and evolution of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitate, together with the property of NiTi shape memory alloys fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The variant and its evolution mechanism of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitate was qualitatively analyzed by Gibbs free energy and quantitatively determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, the evaluation of coherency relation between B2 and Ni 4 Ti 3 phase was well discussed. Larger Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates due to higher laser energy density lost their coherent relation with matrix and was unable to strengthen the matrix. Therefore, the matrix could better combine with Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates at a lower energy density. Furthermore, different variants of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates owing to laser energy density and stress assisted re-aging effect during SLM process affected the mechanical property of NiTi sample. Finally, SLM NiTi sample with an ultrahigh compressive strength of 3053.45 MPa, tensile strength of 801.7 MPa and elongation of 7.64% were achieved. This work provides a novel approach to optimize the performance of SLM NiTi sample by tailoring the Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates through the laser energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During metal additive manufacturing, porosity is one of the main quality defects of products. Laser post-processing is an effective method of reducing porosity of the metal surface and sub-surface. Herein, the evolution mechanism of multi pores during this process is studied. Two samples for each alloy, Ti6Al4V and AlSi10Mg, were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and the upper surface of one sample of each alloy was scanned using a laser beam for comparison. Then, the inner layer morphology and pores distribution of these four samples were measured by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) technology. It was found that the porosity reduced from 0.7961% to 0.6034% for Ti6Al4V and from 3.7105% to 3.6287% for AlSi10Mg after laser post-processing and the phenomenon of combination of pores was obvious for AlSi10Mg alloy. Next, the laser post-processing mechanisms of Ti6Al4V and AlSi10Mg alloys, including heat transfer, Marangoni flow, mass transfer related to recoil pressure and other phenomena, were numerically simulated, and the evolution of pores was tracked by the level-set method. Moreover, the effects of preheating temperature on porosity reduction were discussed. • The porosity of Ti6Al4V alloy and AlSi10Mg alloy with and without laser post-processing was detected by micro-computed tomography. • The evolution of multi pores during laser post-processing was discussed. • The differences between Ti6Al4V alloy and AlSi10Mg alloy during laser post-progressing were analyzed. • The effects of preheating temperature on porosity reduction during laser post-processing was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-material 4D printing programmable electroactive shape-color dual-response strategy were reported. The shape-color dual-response is controlled by the electricity, thus, making the shape-color dual-response devices more concise, efficient and programmable. A variety of bionic functions are realized, including biomimetic mimosa leaf closing in turn, biomimetic starfish area changing color, and biomimetic shape-color dual-changing wings. [Display omitted] The extraordinary potential of 4D printing regarding shape-changing, property-changing and functionality-changing could be widely utilized in the biomedical, aerospace, and robotics fields. Shape-color double-responsive 4D printing further expands the connotation of 4D printing by integrating both shape-changing and visual-changing, thereby providing new ideas and methods for actualizing active functions. However, current shape-color double-responsive 4D printing utilizes an external heat source, which is a sizeable limitation for actualizing the programmable shape-color dual-response function. Here, to overcome this issue, an electroactive shape-changing material, and thermal shape-color dual-response material are prepared, integrated, and printed with a double-nozzle multi-material printer. After preparing the materials, programmable electrothermal effects in different regions are actualized by controlling their resistances. Furthermore, multi-material printing allows for electroactive shape-changing materials to be embedded into thermal shape-color dual-response materials, thus actualizing programmable electroactive shape-color double-responsive 4D printing. This ingenious design concept and high-performance materials involved are demonstrated by mimicking biological functions such as mimosa leaves closing in turn, colorful starfish, and shape-color dual-changing wings. This study paves the way for development of programmable multi-functionality actuators with simultaneous fast responses and easy-fabrication for utilization in promising applications on biomedical devices and bioinspired robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• B-modified SiC/HfC-SiC composite has been fabricated by the combination of PIP and CVD. • The bending strength of cyclic ablated SiC/HfC-SiC and B-modified SiC/HfC-SiC composites have been characterized. • Effective residual thickness is proposed in this paper to present ablative dimensional stability. • After introducing boron, the effective residual thickness of ablated SiC/HfC-SiC composite increased significantly. The B-modified SiC/HfC-SiC composites were prepared by the combination of precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. The microstructure, cyclic ablation and bending strength tests of the SiC/HfC-SiC composites with and without B were investigated. The results showed that the B-modified composites had a better cyclic ablation resistance than that of the composites without B. The effective residual thickness of the B-modified composites was also higher than that of the composites without B after cyclic ablation. The residual bending strength of the B-modified composites was slightly lower than that of the composites without B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 316 L/CuSn10 bimetallic multi-material lattice structures were successfully fabricated by SLM process. • Re-melting and recrystallization refinement promoted mechanical strengthening of the fusion zone. • Difference in physical properties of materials and copper penetration caused crack initiation. • The 316 L/CuSn10 composites have good interfacial bonding strength proven by mechanical tests. Adopting selective laser melting (SLM), a typical technology of additive manufacturing (AM), to form multi-material metallic composites is a challenging and promising field. In this study, SLM 316 L/CuSn10 multi-material composites was an innovative attempt to develop functional and structural materials with excellent properties of steel and copper alloys. Dense 316 L/CuSn10 specimens with no interfacial macrocracks were successfully fabricated. Results showed that the Vickers microhardness gradually decreased from 329.5 ± 12.5 HV in 316 L region to 172.8HV ± 7.4 in CuSn10 region. The ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength of 316 L/CuSn10 specimen were between 316 L and CuSn10. The shear stress of 316 L/CuSn10 sample was 210 MPa, which was higher than the steel/copper alloys fabricated by other methods. It indicated an ideal interfacial bonding condition of 316 L/CuSn10 multi-material, which was benefited from sufficient agitation of the molten pools and elements diffusion in the term of continuous distribution of elements and the enrichment of the heterogeneous alloy phases. Also, the grain refinement by re-melting and recrystallization upgraded the bonding performance at the interface. Finally, the 316 L/CuSn10 lattice structure was formed by SLM, hinting at the prospects for industrial applications of steel/copper multi-material by SLM in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of free silicon content in inner SiC-Si coating to thermal cycle ablation behaviour outer CVD-ZrC coating, SiC-Si inner coatings with different free silicon content were prepared by pack cementation on the surface of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. These three kinds of coatings are named as PC-5, PC-7.5 and PC-10, of which the inner coatings are prepared with three different raw material powders (mass ration Si:C:Al 2 O 3 , PC-5 (5:1:0.5), PC-7.5 (7.5:1:0.5), PC-10 (10:1:0.5)). It can be observed that a gradient distribution tendency exists between the ZrC and SiC layers both in specimens (PC-7.5 and PC-10). Among three kinds of samples, PC-7.5 exhibited the best cyclic ablation resistance. The amount of Zr-Si-O glass on the surface of ablated specimens increases with free silicon content in inner coating. Interestingly, when the Si element in inner coating was excessive, Zr-Si-O glass would exhibit a spherical structure accompanied with the ablation resistance decreasing. Meanwhile convex structure ZrO 2 was formed after the ablation process of ZrC/SiC-Si coating. The amount of convex ZrO 2 structures gradually decreased with the increase of silicon content. The size of ZrO 2 grains increased with the increase of the silicon content or the time of cyclic ablation. • ZrC/SiC-Si coatings with different free silicon contents were fabricated by in situ reaction and chemical vapor deposition. • The PC-7.5 samples possessing gradient distribution tendency at ZrC/SiC interface exhibited best cyclic ablation resistance. • Excessive Si leads to spherical structure Zr-Si-O glass generating under ablation, limiting cyclic ablation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising techniques for the sutureless tissue sealing of internal organs. However, most existing in situ bioprinting methods are limited by the complex and confined printing space inside the organs, harsh curing conditions for printable bioinks, and poor ability to suturelessly seal injured parts. The combination of in situ bioprinting and 4D printing is a promising technique for tissue repair. Herein, the in situ 4D printing of polyelectrolyte/magnetic composites by gastroscopy for sutureless internal tissue sealing is reported. Using gastric perforation as an example, a gelatin/sodium alginate/magnetic bioink is developed, which can be precisely located by a gastroscope with the assistance of an external magnetic field, solidified in gastric fluid, and firmly adhered to tissue surfaces. The solidified bioink along the defect can be attracted by an external magnetic field, resulting in sutureless sealing. A demonstration using a porcine stomach with an artificial perforation confirms the feasibility of sutureless sealing using 4D printing. Moreover, an in vivo investigation on gastric perforation in a rat model identifies the biocompatibility by H&E and CD68+ staining. This study provides a new orientation and concept for functionality-modified in situ 4D bioprinting., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The causality between circulating proteins and thyroid cancer (TC) remains unclear. We employed five large-scale circulating proteomic genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with up to 100,000 participants and a TC meta-GWAS (n Case  = 3,418, n Control  = 292,703) to conduct proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian colocalization analysis. Protein and gene expressions were validated in thyroid tissue. Through MR analysis, we identified 26 circulating proteins with a putative causal relationship with TCs, among which NANS protein passed multiple corrections ( P BH  = 3.28e-5, 0.05/1,525). These proteins were involved in amino acids and organic acid synthesis pathways. Colocalization analysis further identified six proteins associated with TCs (VCAM1, LGMN, NPTX1, PLEKHA7, TNFAIP3, and BMP1). Tissue validation confirmed BMP1, LGMN, and PLEKHA7's differential expression between normal and TC tissues. We found limited evidence for linking circulating proteins and the risk of TCs. Our study highlighted the contribution of proteins, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism, to TCs., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Exposure to metal mixtures compromises the immune system, with the complement system connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Herein, we sought to explore the relationships between blood cell metal mixtures and the third and fourth components of serum complement (C3, C4). A total of 538 participants were recruited in November 2017, and 289 participants were followed up in November 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis at baseline and a longitudinal analysis over 4 years. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was employed to identify the primary metals related to serum C3, C4; generalized linear model (GLM) was further used to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of the selected metals and serum C3, C4. Furthermore, participants were categorized into three groups according to the percentage change in metal concentrations over 4 years. GLM was performed to assess the associations between changes in metal concentrations and changes in serum C3, C4 levels. At baseline, each 1-unit increase in log 10 -transformed in magnesium, manganese, copper, rubidium, and lead was significantly associated with a change in serum C3 of 0.226 (95% CI: 0.146, 0.307), 0.055 (95% CI: 0.022, 0.088), 0.113 (95% CI: 0.019, 0.206), - 0.173 (95% CI: - 0.262, - 0.083), and - 0.020 (95% CI: - 0.039, - 0.001), respectively. Longitudinally, decreased copper concentrations were negatively associated with an increment in serum C3 levels, while decreased lead concentrations were positively associated with an increment in serum C3 levels. However, no metal was found to be primarily associated with serum C4 in LASSO, so we did not further explore the relationship between them. Our research indicates that copper and lead may affect complement system homeostasis by influencing serum C3 levels. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) usually suffer lifelong disability as a result. Considering this, SCI treatment and pathology study are urgently needed. Metformin, a widely used hypoglycemic drug, has been indicated for its important role in central nervous system diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of metformin on remyelination after SCI. In the present study, we established a cervical contusion SCI model and metformin treatment was applied after SCI. Biomechanical parameters and behavioral assessment were used to evaluate the severity of injury and the improvement of functional recovery after SCI, respectively. The immunofluorescence and western blot were performed at the terminal time point. Our results showed that treating with metformin after SCI improved functional recovery by reducing the white matter loss and promoting Schwann cell remyelination, and the Nrg1/ErbB signaling pathway may be involved in promoting remyelination mediated by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In addition, the area of spared tissues was significantly increased in the metformin group. However, metformin had no significant effects on the glial scar and inflammation after SCI. In summary, these findings indicated that the role of metformin in Schwann cell remyelination after SCI was probably related to the regulation of the Nrg1/ErbB pathway. It is, therefore, possible to suggest that metformin may be a potential therapy for SCI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Stable interfaces between immiscible solvents are crucial for chemical synthesis and assembly, but interfaces between miscible solvents have been less explored. Here the authors report the spontaneous water-on-water spreading and self-assembly of polyelectrolyte membranes. An aqueous mixture solution containing poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) spreads efficiently on acidic water, leading to the formation of hierarchically porous membranes. The reduced surface tension of the polyelectrolyte mixture solution drives the surface spreading, while the interfacial polyelectrolytes complexation triggered by the low pH of water mitigates water-in-water mixing. The synergy of surface tension and pH-dependent complexation represents a generic mechanism governing interfaces between miscible solvents for materials engineering, without the need for surfactants or sophisticated equipment. As a proof-of-concept, porous polyelectrolyte hybrid membranes are prepared by surface spreading, exhibiting exceptional solar thermal evaporation performance (2.8 kg/m 2 h) under 1-sun irradiation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

A significant requirement for a bone implant is to replicate the functional gradient across the bone to mimic the localization change in stiffness. In this work, continuous functionally graded porous scaffolds (FGPSs) based on the Schwartz diamond unit cell with a wide range of graded volume fraction were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The micro-topology, strut dimension characterization and effect of graded volume fraction on the mechanical properties of SLM-processed FGPSs were systematically investigated. The micro-topology observations indicate that diamond FGPSs with a wide range of graded volume fraction from 7.97% to 19.99% were fabricated without any defects, showing a good geometric reproduction of the original designs. The dimensional characterization demonstrates the capability of SLM in manufacturing titanium diamond FGPSs with the strut size of 483-905µm. The elastic modulus and yield strength of the titanium diamond FGPSs can be tailored in the range of 0.28-0.59GPa and 3.79-17.75MPa respectively by adjusting the graded volume fraction, which are comparable to those of the cancellous bone. The mathematical relationship between the graded porosity and compression properties of a FGPS was revealed. Furthermore, two equations based on the Gibson and Ashby model have been established to predict the modulus and yield strength of SLM-processed diamond FGPSs. Compared to homogeneous diamond porous scaffolds, FGPSs provide a wide range of mutative pore size and porosity, which are potential to be tailored to optimize the pore space for bone tissue growth. The findings provide a basis of new methodologies to design and manufacture superior graded scaffolds for bone implant applications., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)