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[Display omitted] • Bi, tri & tetradentate Schiff base ligands of salicylaldehyde and their derivatives. • Bi, tri & tetradentate Schiff bases having different donor sets of N & O- atoms. • Coordination chemistry of Schiff bases complexes with 3d-block transition metals. • Interpretation of structures, characterization & applications of SB-metal complexes. Schiff bases have been of continued interest in coordination chemistry for a long time because they provide new ligand platforms that make reactivity easier and their metal complexes represent one of the most adaptable and well-established fields of research. Because of their numerous uses in analytical, pharmaceutical, organic, bioinorganic and metal catalysis, as well as material science, there is a notable interest in Schiff bases and their metal complexes. For these applications, the Schiff bases must have an azomethine group that can link with various metal ions. Recognizing the accessibility and simplicity of multidentate Schiff bases and related metal complexes, it is essential to investigate these compounds so that we can understand structure–property connections in an effort to maximize and enhance their applications in a variety of domains, such as catalysis, energy materials, supramolecular chemistry, electrochemistry, magnetism, nanoscience, and biological applications. This review underlines the current progress of bi, tri and tetradentate Schiff bases originating from salicylaldehyde and their derivatives having different donor sets of N and O- atoms and their complexes with 3d-block transition metal ions in addition to describing synthetic procedures and fascinating structures of complexes designed by the transition metals. The present review article is split into three core units, each consistent with Schiff bases having one type of denticity and their metal complexes including an outline of their synthesis, characterization and applications. The present paper containing 262 references would provide important knowledge for investigators which are concerned with this field and inspire them for further research in this attractive field of Schiff base complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 1-Aminopyrene and 5-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde based Schiff base PY-SB was synthesized. • The AIEE (Aggregation Induced enhanced emission) PY-SB showed 24 folds enhancement in fluorescence intensity in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water mixtures (50:50). • PY-SB was found to be a highly selective and sensitive tool for the "turn-on" detection of Sn2+ ion with the detection limit of 1.63 µM. • The complexation stoichiometry was found to be 2:1 (Sn2+:PY-SB), which was further confirmed by DFT analysis. • In vitro studies on lung adenocarcinoma cells were successfully carried out. Schiff bases are an important class of compounds that are highly instrumental in complex formation as well as act as sensors for various metal ions. Herein, 1-aminopyrene was reacted with 5-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde to synthesize a designed Schiff base, PY-SB (N-((5-bromothiophen-2-yl) methylene) pyrene-2-amine) as a condensation product. The authenticity of the synthesized Schiff base compound was established using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS techniques. Among the optoelectronic investigations, the AIEE (Aggregation Induced enhanced emission) property of PY-SB was explored and it showed 24 folds enhancement in fluorescence intensity in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water mixtures (50:50). AIEE results were further supported by DLS (Dynamic Light scattering) study. In addition, PY-SB was found to be a highly selective and sensitive tool for the "turn-on" detection of Sn2+ ion. The turn–on fluorescence of PY-SB is due to the PET-OFF process. The electron transfer from nitrogen to the pyrene ring is completely blocked due to the formation of a complex of PY-SB with insitu generated Sn2 species(PY-SB + Sn 2), which causes PET-OFF. The detection limit and binding constant of PY-SB towards Sn2+ ion were found to be 5.4 µM, and 2 × 104 M−1, respectively. The stoichiometric study through Job's plot reveals the development of 2:1 ratio (Sn 2 : PY-SB) of complexation which is further confirmed by DFT, ES-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, SEM-EDX. To verify the sensing behavior of PY-SB in a biological system, in vitro studies on lung adenocarcinoma cells were successfully carried out and they showed similar behavior as seen in the cuvette study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The conserved distal histidine in peroxidases has been considered to play a major role as a general acid-base catalyst for heterolytic cleavage of an O O bond in H2O2. However, heme peroxidases react with peroxynitrite to form transient intermediates but the role of the distal histidine in this reaction is still unknown. In order to investigate catalytic roles of the histidine at the distal cavity, two Leishmania major peroxidase (LmP) mutants (H68E, H68V) were prepared. The rate of transition from ferric H68V to Compound ES by H2O2 is decreased by approximately five orders of magnitude relative to wild type, which is consistent with electron donor oxidation data where the H68V is ~1000 fold less active than wild type. In the reaction with peroxynitrite, the formation rate of intermediates in the mutants is not significantly lower than that for the wild type, indicating that the His68 has no major role in homolytic cleavage of an O O bond in peroxynitrite. EPR spectroscopic data suggest that the transient intermediates formed by the reaction of LmP with H2O2 exhibits an intense and stable signal similar to CCP Compound ES whereas in case of the reaction with peroxynitrite, this signal disappears, indicating that the transient intermediate is Compound II. Rapid kinetics data suggest that the distal His68 mutants display higher decay rates of Compound II than wild type. Thus, His68 mutations minimize Compound II formation (inactive species in peroxynitrite scavenging cycles) by increasing decay rates during the steady state and results in higher peroxynitrite degrading activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Herein, for the first time, CuAlGaO4 is demonstrated as an efficient visible-light-active (band-gap of 1.87eV, λ ≥420nm) photocatalyst for solar H2 production. The CuAlGaO4 prepared by solid-state method is capable of producing 3214μmol of H2 per hour from H2S photodecomposition under visible-light irradiation with quantum yield of 10.8% at 550nm. Loading with 1wt.% NiO enhances the rate of H2 generation of the photocatalyst to 3616μmolh−1 with quantum yield of 12.7% at 550nm. The CuAlGaO4 exhibits a spinel structure with particle size varying from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. The regenerated catalysts validate the stability and the reusability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The complete disinfection was achieved using the combined synergy of ultrasound (US), ultraviolet-C (UVC), and H 2 O 2 in 10 min. • The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant was 6.9 × 10−1 min−1 for US+UVC+H 2 O 2 with a synergy coefficient of 2.3. • The disinfection rate was 95%, 73%, and 58% higher for US+UVC+H 2 O 2 than US, UVC, and US+H 2 O 2 /UVC+H 2 O 2. • The operational cost of $9.2 × 10−4/L for US+UVC was 89.2% lower compared to the US+UVC+H 2 O 2 effect. The high concentration of pathogenic bacterial species such as Enterobacter, Escherichia Coli , and Salmonella with a total coliform concentration of 2 × 103 to 3 × 103 CFU/mL present in biologically treated sugar industry wastewater (BSIWW). The present study demonstrates the potential effect of irradiations such as ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet (UVC) on bacterial species present in BSIWW. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as a source for UVC to improve the inactivation efficiency and develop an energy-efficient process. The rate of total coliform removal was enhanced by 90 and 40% for the combined effect of US and UVC compared to the individual effect of US and UVC, respectively. The rate of disinfection was further enhanced by 13% with the addition of a 14.7 mM/L concentration of H 2 O 2. Intensified rate of disinfection for US+UVC+H 2 O 2 was 95%, 73%, and 58% higher than the US, UVC, and US+H 2 O 2 /UVC+H 2 O 2 , respectively. The combined effect of O 3 with US and UVC does not yield any synergic enhancement for pathogen inactivation. Energy and operational cost analysis confirmed that the combined synergy of US+UVC was found to be more suitable for complete disinfection. The operating cost for US+UVC was 89.2% ($9.2 × 10−4/L) lower than the US+UVC+H 2 O 2 effect. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation reaction of fluorescein hydrazide with 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde afforded a new molecular entity C (C 25 H 16 N 2 O 4 S). In the molecular structure, in-situ generated dimer of starting 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde was observed. The authenticity of compounds and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ES-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction method. In the crystal, it was observed that in-situ generated dimeric aldehyde played a crucial role in the development of 3-D assembly. Utility of newly synthesized compounds C and C' was also studied through electrochemical studies and SEM technique and observed that the two were able to play the role of cathodic as well as anodic inhibitor at different concentrations (100 mg/L to 500 mg/L). Anti-microbial activity was checked using the agar well diffusion assay and the combination showed a recognizable anti-microbial behavior against E. Coli. Image 1 • The condensation reaction of fluorescein hydrazide with 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde afforded a new molecular entity C (C 25 H 16 N 2 O 4 S) and in-situ generation of dimer of starting 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde i.e. C' was observed during crystal structure determination. • In the crystal, it was observed that in-situ generated dimeric aldehyde played a crucial role in the development of 3-D assembly. • Utility of newly synthesized Co-crystal (C and C′) was also studied through electrochemical studies and SEM technique. • Observed that the mixture was able to play the role of cathodic as well as anodic inhibitor at different concentrations (100 mg/L to 500 mg/L). • Anti-microbial activity was checked using the agar well diffusion assay and it showed a recognizable anti-microbial behavior against E. Coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural photosynthesis is the primary route that supplies energy required for the endurance of all living things. The initial step in this process is the absorption of solar light by an organic-inorganic molecular organization called a light harvesting complex. This complicated natural solar energy conversion platform has inspired scientists to create artificial counter parts. As a means to achieve this, a self-assembled light harvesting carbon nitride/cobalt tetra-phenyl-porphyrin (CN/Co(III)TPP) material as a highly selective solar light active photocatalyst has been developed. The system exhibited excellent NADH regeneration (87.87%) and L-glutamate (94.30%) production under visible light irradiation. The current research endeavor highlights the development and application of a self-assembled CN/Co(III)TPP photocatalyst for the selective production of L-glutamate from α-ketoglutarate. Unlabelled Image • A self-assembled light harvesting carbon nitride/cobalt tetra-phenyl-porphyrin (CN/Co(III)TPP) photocatalyst was synthesized • As prepared photocatalyst is characterized by several characterization techniques to determine physio-chemical properties. • Visible light active CN/Co(III)TPP photocatalyst is used for 1,4-NADH regeneration and L -glutamate production. • The yield of NADH regeneration and L -glutamate production were found to be 87.9% and 94.3%, respectively in 60 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAD(P)H) plays an important role in numerous biologically significant redox reactions. The photochemical restoration of its oxidized form (NAD(P) + ) under physiological conditions is intriguing in the context of integrated photo and catalysis. Herein, we report the functionalized graphitic carbon-based solar light active photocatalyst by doping boron and fluorine in the native graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) (nonfunctionalized) for the regeneration of enzymatically visible light active coenzyme and in photo-acetalization reactions. The metal-free functionalized photocatalyst systems such as BFGCN-x leads to higher yield NADH and NADPH regeneration. They are also capable of catalyzing acetal reactions in the absence of any Lewis and Bronsted acids. The current research endeavor provides the advancement and the application of functionalized GCN-based photocatalysts for NADH (61.89%), NADPH (59.84%) regeneration, and photo-acetalization reactions., (© 2024 The American Society for Photobiology.)

Elevated global pollution level is the prime reason that contributes to the onset of various harmful health diseases. The products of Biginelli reaction are enormously used in the pharmaceutical industry as they have antiviral, antibacterial, and calcium channel modulation abilities. This work reports a novel eosin Y sensitized boron graphitic carbon nitride (EY-B en- g-C 3 N 4 ) as a photocatalyst that efficiently produced 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one by the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, urea, and methyl acetoacetate. The photocatalyst EY-B en- g-C 3 N 4 showed a successful generation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (Biginelli product) in good yield via photocatalysis which is an eco-friendly method and has facile operational process. In addition to the production of Biginelli products, the photocatalyst also showed a remarkable NADH regeneration of 81.18%. The incorporation of g-C 3 N 4 with boron helps increase the surface area and the incorporation of eosin Y which is an inexpensive and non-toxic dye, and in B en -g-C 3 N 4 , enhanced the light-harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst. The production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one and NADH by the EY-B en -g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst is attributed to the requisite band gap, high molar absorbance, low rate of charge recombination, and increased capacity of the photocatalyst to harvest solar light energy., (© 2024 American Society for Photobiology.)

We performed high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations, incorporating higher-order excitations, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and the Gaunt interaction, to calculate the electron affinities (EAs) of alkaline earth (AE) metal atoms (Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra), which are notably small. The coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method is insufficient to accurately calculate the EAs of AE metal atoms. Higher-order excitations proved crucial, with the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and triples with perturbative quadruples [CCSDT(2)Q] method effectively capturing dynamic electron correlation effects. The contributions of SOC (ΔESOs) to the EAs calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction, including SOC, positively enhance the EAs; however, these contributions are overestimated. The Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF)-CCSD(T) method addresses this overestimation and provides reasonable values for ΔESO (ΔESO-D). Employing additional sets of diffuse and core-valence correlation basis sets is critical for accurately calculating the EAs of AE metal atoms. The contributions of the Gaunt interaction (ΔEGaunt) to the EAs of AE metal atoms are negligible. Notably, the CCSDT(2)Q with the complete basis set limit + ΔESO-D + ΔEGaunt produced EA values for Ca, Sr, and Ba that closely aligned with experimental data and achieved accuracy exceeding the chemical accuracy. Based on our findings, the accurately proposed EA for Ra is 9.88 kJ/mol., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

The need for sunlight chemical renewal and contemporary organic transformation has fostered the advancement of environmentally friendly photocatalytic techniques. For the first time, we report on the novel crafting of a bright future with selenium-infused Eosin-B (Se in -E-B) nanocomposite photocatalysts in this work. The Se in -E-B nanocomposite materials were created using a hydrothermal process for solar chemical regeneration and organic transformation under visible light. The synthesized samples were subjected to UV-DRS-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, EIS and XRD analysis. The energy band gap of the Se in -E-B nanocomposite photocatalyst was measured using UV-DRS, and the result was around 2.06 eV. to investigate the generated Se in -E-B catalytic activity as a nanocomposite for 1,4-NADH/NADPH re-formation and C-N bond activation. This novel photocatalyst offers a promising alternative for the regeneration of solar chemicals and C-N bond creation between pyrrole and aryl halides., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The combination of excellent electronic properties and thermal stability positions orange-derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as promising materials for solar light-based applications. Researchers are actively exploring their potential in fields such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature further contribute to their growing relevance in cutting-edge scientific research. Furthermore, only GQDs are not much more effective in the UV-visible region, therefore, required band gap engineering in GQDs material. In this context, we designed GQDs-based light harvesting materials, which is active in UV-visible region. Herein we synthesized GQDs coupled with 2,6-diaminoanthrquninone (AQ), that is, GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst the first time for the oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide under visible light. For the integrating reactions of sulfide in aerobic conditions under visible light by GQDs@AQ photocatalyst exhibit utmost higher photocatalytic activity than simple GQDs due to low molar extinction coefficient and slow recombination charges. The use of GQDs@AQ light harvesting photocatalyst, showed the excellent organic transformation efficiency of sulfide to sulfoxide with excellent yield (94%). The high efficiency and excellent yield of 94% indicate the effectiveness of GQDs@AQ as a photocatalyst for these specific organic transformations., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for generating solar chemical and organic transformations under the solar light spectrum, employing polymer photocatalysts. In this study, our aim is to achieve the regeneration of NADH and fixation of nitroarene compounds, which hold significant importance in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The development of an in-situ nature-inspired artificial photosynthetic pathway represents a challenging task, as it involves harnessing solar energy for efficient solar chemical production and organic transformation. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel artificial photosynthetic polymer, named TFc photocatalyst, through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between triptycene (T) and a ferrocene motif (Fc). The TF C photocatalyst is a promising material with excellent optical properties, an appropriate band gap, and the ability to facilitate the regeneration of NADH and the fixation of nitroarene compounds through photocatalysis. These characteristics are necessary for several applications, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation. Our research provides a significant step forward in establishing a reliable pathway for the regeneration and fixation of solar chemicals and organic compounds under the solar light spectrum., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aloe vera-derived graphene (ADG) coupled system photocatalyst, mimicking natural photosynthesis, is one of the most promising ways for converting solar energy into ammonia (NH 3 ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) that have been widely used to make the numerous chemicals such as fertilizer and fuel. In this study, we report the synthesis of the aloe vera-derived graphene-coupled phenosafranin (ADGCP) acting as a highly efficient photocatalyst for the generation of NH 3 and regeneration of NADH from nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). The results show a benchmark instance for mimicking natural photosynthesis activity as well as the practical applications for the solar-driven selective formation of NH 3 and the regeneration of NADH by using the newly designed photocatalyst., (© 2023 The American Society for Photobiology.)

A solvent-free sulfur-bridge-eosin-Y (SBE-Y) polymeric framework photocatalyst was prepared for the first time through an in situ thermal polymerization route using elemental sulfur (S 8 ) as a bridge. The addition of a sulfur bridge to the polymeric framework structure resulted in an allowance of the harvesting range of eosin-Y (E-Y) for solar light. This shows that a wider range of solar light can be used by the bridge material's photocatalytic reactions. In this context, supercharged solar spectrum: enhancing light absorption and hole oxidation with sulfur bridges. This suggests that the excited electrons and holes through solar light can contribute to oxidation-reduction reactions more potently. As a result, the photocatalyst-enzyme attached artificial photosynthesis system developed using SBE-Y as a photocatalyst performs exceptionally well, resulting in high 1,4-NADH regeneration (86.81%), followed by its utilization in the exclusive production of formic acid (210.01 μmol) from CO 2 and synthesis of fine chemicals with 99.9% conversion yields. The creation of more effective photocatalytic materials for environmental clean-up and other applications that depend on the solar light-driven absorption spectrum of inorganic and organic molecules could be one of the practical ramifications of this research., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

The photocatalytic oxidation and generation/regeneration of amines to imines and leucodopaminechrome (LDC)/NADH are subjects of intense interest in contemporary research. Imines serve as crucial intermediates for the synthesis of solar fuels, fine chemicals, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. While significant progress has been made in developing efficient processes for the oxidation and generation/regeneration of secondary amines, the oxidation of primary amines has received comparatively less attention until recently. This discrepancy can be attributed to the high reactivity of imines generated from primary amines, which are prone to dehydrogenation into nitriles. In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel polymer-based photocatalyst, denoted as PMMA-DNH, designed for solar light-harvesting applications. PMMA-DNH incorporates the light-harvesting molecule dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNH) at varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). Leveraging its high molar extinction coefficient and slow charge recombination, the 30% DNH-incorporated PMMA photocatalyst proves to be particularly efficient. This photocatalytic system demonstrates exceptional yields (96.5%) in imine production and high generation/regeneration rates for LDC/NADH (65.27%/78.77%). The research presented herein emphasizes the development and application of a newly engineered polymer-based photocatalyst, which holds significant promise for direct solar-assisted chemical synthesis in diverse commercial applications., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

Sulfur-doped Eosin-B (SDE-B) photocatalysts were synthesized for the first time utilizing sublimed sulfur (S 8 ) as a dopant in an in situ thermal copolymerization technique. Sulfur doping not only increased Eosin-B (E-B) absorption range for solar radiation but also improved fixation and oxygenation capabilities. The doped sulfur bridges the S-S bond by substituting for the edge bromine of the E-B bond. The improved photocatalytic activity of SDE-B in the fixation and oxygenation of NAD + /NADP + and sulfides using solar light is attributed to the photo-induced hole of SDE-B's high fixation and oxygenation capacity, as well as an efficient suppression of electron and hole recombination. The powerful light-harvesting bridge system created using SDE-B as a photocatalyst works extremely well, resulting in high NADH/NADPH regeneration (79.58/76.36%) and good sulfoxide yields (98.9%) under solar light. This study focuses on the creation and implementation of a sulfur-doped photocatalyst for direct fine chemical regeneration and organic transformation., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

Indeed, the development of ecologically benign molecular fabrication methods for highly efficient graphene quantum dots-based photocatalysts is of great significant. Graphene quantum dots-based photocatalysts have promising applications in various field, including environmental remediation, energy conversion, and splitting of water. However, ensuring resource reusability and minimizing the environmental impact are crucial considerations in the development. From this perspective, attention has also been paid to the creation of easy to make solar light harvesting graphene quantum dots-based photocatalysts for synthesising pharmaceuticals and functional imines compounds. Imines are excellent significant building blocks in pharmaceutical chemistry and excellent examples of these valuable compounds' synthetic intermediates, and the environmentally friendly oxidative synthesis of imines from amines. Therefore, herein, we designed a facile and efficient condensation route to synthesize the Nen-GQDs@PH photocatalyst. This route involves coupling of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (PH) with nitrogen-enriched graphene quantum dots (Nen-GQDs). The Nen-GQDs@PH as photocatalyst functions in a highly selective and efficient manner, leading to high amines conversion efficiency to imines (95%). Our results highlight a novel and environmentally safe approach for generating highly selective imines from various types of amines, setting a new benchmark in the current research field., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for producing organic compounds with a renewable source of energy. Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are a type of polymer that has developed as a potential light-harvesting catalyst for artificial photosynthesis with a design-controllable platform that might be developed into a new type of cost-effective and metal-free photocatalyst. Here, we present a two-dimensional covalent organic framework synthesis technique as a low-cost and highly efficient visible light active flexible photocatalyst for C-H bond activation and dopamine regeneration. 2D COF were synthesized from tetramino-benzoquinone (TABQ) and terapthaloyl chloride monomer through condensation polymerization reaction and the resultant photocatalyst have remarkable performance due to its visible light-harvesting capacity, appropriate band gap, and highly organized π-electron channels. The synthesized photocatalyst is capable to convert dopamine into leucodopaminechrome with a higher yield (77.08%) and also capable to activate the C-H bond between 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and pyrrole., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is neglected, mainly due to a lack of sensitive diagnostic tools. Paediatric TB is now a global priority. More paediatric TB cases are being recorded as a result of the introduction of Xpert® Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/rifampicin (RIF) (Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, USA). This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children., Methods: We recruited 70 paediatric patients with probable pulmonary TB and their gastric aspirate (GA), and induced sputum (IS) samples were collected between January 2021 and June 2022 in Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, at the Microbiology Department of the Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (U.P.U.M.S.). All samples were subjected to smear examination, Bacterial Activation of Continuous Temperature and Environmental Control - Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (BACTEC-MGIT) culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF., Results:  The specimens included 70 GAs and 70 IS samples. The total number of specimens were 140 and we collected GA as well as IS from each of the patient enrolled in the study. When compared to microscopy, GeneXpert provides a quicker and earlier detection of paediatric TB. The sensitivity of the cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) against mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) was 75.0% for GA samples and 63.64% for IS samples., Conclusion: Paediatric TB, owing to its paucibacillary nature and difficulty in the collection of samples, makes the diagnosis difficult by conventional methods. Our study shows that smear and culture yield in GA samples are superior to those of IS samples and the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay is also significantly different in GA and IS samples, but a combination of GA and IS yielded the best results., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Mishra et al.)

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is an infection in newborns that may be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and has a high death and morbidity rate. The clinical presentation of sepsis may be rather general, making it challenging to make a diagnosis. While blood culture is the most accurate method to diagnose sepsis, it is also time-consuming. Because of this, it is crucial to locate other biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) that may aid in early identification., Aim: To learn about the bacterial composition of suspected cases of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in western Uttar Pradesh and how that composition relates to the biomarkers CRP, hs-CRP, and PCT., Materials and Methods: Hundred people who fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria were included. All neonatal venous blood samples have been obtained after receiving written informed permission from either parent. The conventional method was used to perform the blood culture. The ELISA technique has been used to determine hs-CRP along with serum PCT levels, while the latex agglutination test was utilized for CRP detection., Result: A total of 100 cases were enrolled, 78% presented within 3 days of birth. Blood culture was positive in 33 neonates (33%). There were 17 Gram-positive, 15 Gram-negative, and in all 2 cases with poly bacterial culture. CRP positivity rate was significantly higher in culture positive (57.6%) as compared to culture-negative neonates (25.4%). It was shown that a CRP >6 mg/l level was sensitive at 57.6% and specific at 74.6%. hs-CRP has a 100% sensitivity and 47.8% specificity. The PCT's sensitivity was 69.7%, whereas its specificity was 89.6%., Conclusion: PCT is more specific for detecting sepsis, but hs-CRP is more sensitive than CRP. The combination of PCT along with hs-CRP has a negative predictive value and high sensitivity compared to other markers. Thus, the most accurate predictors of neonatal sepsis would be a combination of factors., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Photocatalysis is a defendable manner for production of several organic chemicals, energy and its storage from solar energy. For the evolution of metal free, cost-effective catalyst a 2D composite has been appear as a photocatalyst. Here, we had reported the synthesis of a light harvesting composite as a photocatalyst which was assembled by a poly-condensation mechanism between graphitic carbon nitride and tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl) porphyrin and the resulting composite manifest the excellent light harvesting properties, suitable energy band and low charge recombination. The photocatalyst [(NO 2 ) 4 TPP@g-C 3 N 4 ] enables the efficient photocatalytic production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from consumed NAD + also the production of organic chemicals like 4-methoxybenzylimines from 4-methoxybenzylamines. The photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalyst was estimated by the percentage of NADH regeneration and the percentage yield of organic transformations. It shows the tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl) porphyrin could enhance the charge transfer capacity of graphitic carbon nitride which shows excellent photocatalysis activities and organic transformations., (© 2022 American Society for Photobiology.)

Photocatalytic processes triggered by graphene-based photocatalysts under solar light have sparked interest as a new sort of instrument for solar chemical synthesis. Herein we investigated self-assembled graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/NiSe-NiO composite photocatalyst for organic transformation as well as dye degradation. The synthesized GQDs/NiSe-NiO composite photocatalyst has an excellent suitable band gap, high molar extinction coefficient, low toxicity and chemical/thermal stability. The GQDs/NiSe-NiO composite photocatalyst emerges as a new standard for sulfur oxidation and dye degradation reactions under homemade LED light with high yield., (© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.)

Crop yield varies considerably within agroecology depending on the genetic potential of crop cultivars and various edaphic and climatic variables. Understanding site-specific changes in crop yield and genotype × environment interaction are crucial and needs exceptional consideration in strategic breeding programs. Further, genotypic response to diverse agro-ecologies offers identification of strategic locations for evaluating traits of interest to strengthen and accelerate the national variety release program. In this study, multi-location field trial data have been used to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on crop phenological dynamics and their influence on the yield of mungbean in different agroecological regions of the Indian subcontinent. The present attempt is also intended to identify the strategic location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within mungbean genotypes. In the field trial, a total of 34 different mungbean genotypes were grown in 39 locations covering the north hill zone ( n = 4), northeastern plain zone ( n = 6), northwestern plain zone ( n = 7), central zone ( n = 11) and south zone ( n = 11). The results revealed that the effect of the environment was prominent on both the phenological dynamics and productivity of the mungbean. Noticeable variations (expressed as coefficient of variation) were observed for the parameters of days to 50% flowering (13%), days to maturity (12%), reproductive period (21%), grain yield (33%), and 1000-grain weight (14%) across the environments. The genotype, environment, and genotype × environment accounted for 3.0, 54.2, and 29.7% of the total variation in mungbean yield, respectively ( p < 0.001), suggesting an oversized significance of site-specific responses of the genotypes. Results demonstrated that a lower ambient temperature extended both flowering time and the crop period. Linear mixed model results revealed that the changes in phenological events (days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, and reproductive period) with response to contrasting environments had no direct influence on crop yields ( p > 0.05) for all the genotypes except PM 14-11. Results revealed that the south zone environment initiated early flowering and an extended reproductive period, thus sustaining yield with good seed size. While in low rainfall areas viz ., Sriganganagar, New Delhi, Durgapura, and Sagar, the yield was comparatively low irrespective of genotypes. Correlation results and PCA indicated that rainfall during the crop season and relative humidity significantly and positively influenced grain yield. Hence, the present study suggests that the yield potential of mungbean is independent of crop phenological dynamics; rather, climatic variables like rainfall and relative humidity have considerable influence on yield. Further, HA-GGE biplot analysis identified Sagar, New Delhi, Sriganganagar, Durgapura, Warangal, Srinagar, Kanpur, and Mohanpur as the ideal testing environments, which demonstrated high efficiency in the selection of new genotypes with wider adaptability., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Parihar, Gupta, Hazra, Lamichaney, Sen Gupta, Singh, Kumar, Singh, Vaishnavi, Jaberson, Das, Dev, Yadav, Jamwal, Choudhary, Khedar, Prakash, Dikshit, Panwar, Katiyar, Kumar, Mahto, Borah, Singh, Das, Patil, Nanda, Kumar, Rajput, Chauhan, Patel, Kanwar, Kumar, Mishra, Kumar, Swarup, Mogali, Kumaresan, Manivannan, Gowda, Pandiyan, Rao, Shivani, Prusti, Mahadevu, Iyanar and Das.)

To minimize the ever-increasing global warming and environmental problems, the conversion of atmospheric CO 2 into value-added solar chemicals/fuels is one of the most challenging tasks. As a means to accomplish this, herein we have synthesized first time novel in situ selenium-doped polyimide frameworks (Se-PIFs) photocatalyst via thermal co-polymerization approach between melem (M) and perylene 3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTDA) along with selenium (Se) as a dopant. The Se-PIFs photocatalyst shows outstanding photocatalytic stability and activity for high solar fuel production (HCOOH ~ formic acid) from CO 2 . The solar light active Se-PIFs photocatalyst was demonstrating the ~ 10-fold higher photo-conversion of CO 2 to formic acid with yields of 250. 6 μmol. The current work is providing a facile and scalable avenue as well as sheds light on creating a new route for in situ judicious design highly efficient Se-PIFs photocatalyst. The outcome is a benchmark instance for the use of selenium-doped polyimide frameworks as a highly practical and efficient solar light active photocatalyst for carrying out the selective production of formic acid from environmental CO 2 ., (© 2022 American Society for Photobiology.)

Biological wastewater treatment is mostly used in many industries to treat industrial influents. Treated water is consisting of an extremely high concentration of pathogenic microorganisms. Present work demonstrate the treatment of biologically treated sugar industry wastewater (BTSWW) using a low-frequency ultrasound (US). BTWSS consists of Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia Coli with a total coliform concentration of 2500 ± 300 CFU/mL. Experiments were performed using the individual effect of US, H 2 O 2, and O 3 and the combined effect of US with H 2 O 2 , O 3, and H 2 O 2  + O 3 . The complete removal of total coliform was obtained for the synergy effect of US with H 2 O 2 and O 3 . The performance of the process was analyzed based on pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant and synergy coefficient. The pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant was 21.6 and 22.3 × 10 -2  min -1 with a synergy coefficient of 2 and 1.9 for a combined effect of US with H 2 O 2 and O 3 , respectively. Another advantage of the synergy of US and O 3 was lower requirement of the initial dose of H 2 O 2 (2.1 mM/L). The operational cost of the process was found to be $ 1.5 × 10 -2 /MLD., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestThere is conflict interest among the authors to submit manuscript to Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. Corresponding authors will make all communication with Journal., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Healthcare systems deal with disease prevention, early detection, diagnosis, investigation, and timely, affordable, and safe treatment. For the delivery of services in the health sector, communication is the key to linking the service provider and the patients. Mobile technology in the recent past has rendered various platforms of communications for the healthcare system. Thus, in health, mobile technology has greatly contributed to time management and cost reduction for healthcare at every level including hospital visits to individual appointments with doctors, hence the convenience. With advancements in mobile technologies and the growing number of mobile users, newer opportunities have opened up for the use of mobiles for patient care. Emerging information and communication technologies with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT) have been instrumental in integrating different domains of the health sector with mobile technology. Thus, the technology may have the potential to become powerful medical tools to support the health sector at all levels of care. In this review, the concept, applications, and advantages of mobile technology for health and the present pandemic have been discussed. It also discusses mobile health technology, as a support system for convenient and safer healthcare for public health, and the opportunities to improve its applications for unseen future health crises., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Our growing energy demands must be met by a sustainable supply with reduced carbon intensity. One of the most exciting prospects to realize this goal is the photocatalyst-biocatalyst integrated artificial photosynthesis system which affords solar fuel/chemicals in high selectivity from CO 2 . Graphene based photocatalysts are highly suitable for the system, but their industrial scale use requires immobilization for improved separation and recovery of the photocatalyst. Therefore for practical purposes, design and fabrication of film type graphene photocatalyst with higher solar energy conversion efficiency is an absolute necessity. As a means to achieve this, we report herein the successful development of a new type of flexible graphene film photocatalyst that leads to >225% rise in visible light harvesting efficiency of the resultant photocatalyst-biocatalyst integrated artificial photosynthesis system for highly selective solar fuel production from CO 2 compared to conventional spin coated graphene film photocatalyst. It is an important step towards the design of a new pool of graphene film based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis of solar fuels from CO 2 .

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG) accounts for ∼8-12 % of these brain tumors and is a devastating disease as 70-90 % of patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. The failure to advance therapy for these children over the last 30 years is largely due to limited knowledge of the molecular basis for these tumors and a lack of disease models. Recently, sequencing of tumor cells revealed that histone H3 is frequently mutated in pediatric HGG, with up to 78 % of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) carrying K27M and 36 % of non-brainstem gliomas carrying either K27M or G34R/V mutations. Although mutations in many chromatin modifiers have been identified in cancer, this was the first demonstration that histone mutations may be drivers of disease. Subsequent studies have identified high-frequency mutation of histone H3 to K36M in chondroblastomas and to G34W/L in giant cell tumors of bone, which are diseases of adolescents and young adults. Interestingly, the G34 mutations, the K36M mutations, and the majority of K27M mutations occur in genes encoding the replacement histone H3.3. Here, we review the peculiar characteristics of histone H3.3 and use this information as a backdrop to highlight current thinking about how the identified mutations may contribute to disease development.

The endogenous cation in peroxidases may contribute to the type of heme coordination. Here a series of ferric and ferrous derivatives of wild-type Leishmania major peroxidase (LmP) and of engineered K(+) site mutants of LmP, lacking potassium cation binding site, has been examined by electronic absorption spectroscopy at 25°C. Using UV-visible spectrophotometry, we show that the removal of K(+) binding site causes substantial changes in spin states of both the ferric and ferrous forms. The spectral changes are interpreted to be, most likely, due to the formation of a bis-histidine coordination structure in both the ferric and ferrous oxidation states at neutral pH 7.0. Stopped flow spectrophotometric techniques revealed that characteristics of Compound I were not observed in the K(+) site double mutants in the presence of H(2)O(2). Similarly electron donor oxidation rate was two orders less for the K(+) site double mutants compared to the wild type. These data show that K(+) functions in preserving the protein structure in the heme surroundings as well as the spin state of the heme iron, in favor of the enzymatically active form of LmP., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)