Search

The article offers information about a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which seeks to examine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are a novel class of antidiabetes drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), affect the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with T2D. Other information such as the use of a Peto odds ratio is presented.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis," by E. L. Ding.

Emerging evidence has implicated a role of calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous association studies, however, have focused only on several variants initially reported and provided inconsistent results. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the associations between common variations in CAPN10 gene and T2DM risk in a large nested case-control study of women aged 50 to 79 years participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study, an ethnically diverse cohort including Whites (968 cases and 968 controls), Blacks (366 and 732), Hispanics (152 and 303), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (98 and 195). Using the public SNP databases, we first screened and genotyped 35 common SNPs (minor-allele frequency ≥5%) spanning 91.8 kb CAPN10 genomic region including 30 kb for each of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions in a multiethnic panel of 244 controls (n=61 per each group). Based on the linkage disequilibrium patterns, 14 tagging SNPs (tSNPs) were selected to predict the common haplotypes across CAPN10 locus and were examined in our case-control study of 1,543 diabetes cases and 2,132 matched controls. Allele frequencies did not differ for any tSNP examined between cases and controls in the women overall or in each of four ethnic groups. There were no significant associations between any individual tSNP and T2DM, either within the full study sample or any ethnic group. Furthermore, we found no evidence of association between common CAPN10 haploytpes and diabetes risk. Overall, a global test for differences in risk according to common haplotypes (≥1%) over the locus was not statistically significant (P=0.31), nor were associations with haplotypes in block 1 (global test, P=0.22) or block 2 (global test, P=0.13). In conclusion, there were no significant associations between the common SNPs or haplotypes across the CAPN10 gene and diabetes risk in our ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are involved in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. Genetic variants in the UCP2-UCP3 gene cluster, located on chromosome 11q13, may play a significant rule in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a comprehensive assessment of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 70-kb UCP2- UCP3 gene cluster in relation to clinical diabetes risk in a large, prospective, case-control study nested in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS) including Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders. In Stage I, we genotyped 21 SNPs in a multi-ethnic panel of 244 nondiabetic controls (n=61 for each ethnic group), and 14 tagging SNPs (tSNPs) were subsequently selected. In Stage II, the 14 tSNPs were genotyped in 1,543 T2DM cases and 2,132 controls matched by age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, and length of follow-up. Single-SNP analyses did not show any significant associations. Sliding-window (window width=4) haplotype-based analyses identified two consecutive 4-tSNP haplotype sets to be significantly associated with T2DM in the Caucasian American sample only, after adjusted for multiple testing. The two 4-tSNP haplotype sets were then merged into a single 5-tSNP set (rs591758-rs668514-rs647126-rs1800006-rs1800849) spanning UCP3 and the UCP2-UCP3 inter-genie region. Compared to the referent haplotype, h10100, the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for T2DM were 2.1 (1.1-4.1), 2:6 (1.3-5.4), and 3.5 (1.2-9.7) in Caucasian women and 3.4 (1.3-9.2), 4.2 (1.4-12.4), and 6.0 (1.2-29.1) in its overweight subgroup for haplotypes h01000, h00011, and h 10011, respectively. These findings suggest a role of UCP2-UCP3 gene cluster haplotypes in T2DM, and in particular the effects of the high-risk haplotypes appeared more apparent those overweight Caucasian women. These data warrant further confirmation in future prospective and experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study systematically reviewed and analyzed findings of published studies to examine the influence of obesity on kidney disease (KD). We searched PubMed for related studies published between 1980 and April2006. In total, 25 cohorts, 3 cross-sectional, and 19 case-control studies met our inclusion criteria. Using both fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis models, we estimated pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of KD for each BMI category compared with normal weight, based on WHO BMI cut-offs. Compared with normal weight (18.5

Background: Between 30% and 80% of survivors of critical illness experience cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown., Objective: To determine whether intensive care unit (ICU) delirium biomarkers align with the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) research framework for diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer disease and other related dementias (ADRD)., Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2020, on the relationship between delirium and biomarkers listed in the NIA-AA framework. Only studies that addressed delirium in the ICU setting and fluid biomarkers were included in these analyses., Results: Of 61 256 records screened, 38 studies met inclusion criteria, 8 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. In pooled analysis, significant associations were found between ICU delirium and amyloid β-peptide 1-40 (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.09-0.75), interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (SMD, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.21-0.94), and IL-6 (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.06-0.56). No significant association was observed in pooled analyses between ICU delirium and the other biomarkers. Few studies have examined ICU delirium and pathologic tau or neurodegeneration biomarkers., Conclusions: Inflammatory biomarkers and amyloid β are associated with ICU delirium and point to potential overlapping mechanisms between delirium and ADRD. Critical care providers should consider integrating diagnostic approaches used in ADRD in their assessment of post-ICU cognitive dysfunction., (© 2021 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.)