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The AST3 project consists of three large field of view survey telescopes with 680mm primary mirror, mainly for observations of supernovas and extrasolar planets searching from Antarctic Dome A where is very likely to be the best astronomical site on earth for astronomical observations from optical wavelength to thermal infrared and beyond, according to the four years site testing works by CCAA, UNSW and PRIC. The first AST3 was mounted on Dome A in Jan. 2012 and automatically run from March to May 2012. Based on the onsite winterization performance of the first AST3, some improvements such as the usage of high resolution encoders, defrosting method, better thermal control and easier onsite assembly et al were done for the second one. The winterization observation of AST3-2 in Mohe was carried on from Nov. 2013 to Apr. 2014, where is the most northern and coldest part of China with the lowest temperature around -50°. The technical modifications and testing observation results will be given in this paper. The third AST3 will be optimized from optical to thermal infrared aiming diffraction limited imaging with K band. Thus the whole AST3 project will be a good test bench for the development of future larger aperture optical/infrared Antarctic telescopes such as the proposed 2.5m Kunlun Dark Universe Survey Telescope project.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the third leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Therefore, the identification of effective targets at the early stages of cancer invasion and metastasis, and new tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment is imperative for CRC. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the phenomenon of the transformation of epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells in specific physiological and/or pathological circumstances. Evidence suggests that EMT plays an important role in in situ infiltration and distant metastasis of many types of cancer, including CRC. Recent findings showed that microRNA expression is important in regulating the EMT process. This review aimed to summarize EMT-associated specific miRNA molecules in CRC, with particular emphasis on clinical targets for effective treatment of this lethal disease.

Tagging systems enable users to organise their online entities with distinct tags. Exploiting these user generated content and underlying bilingual information have become more and more important in recommendation system. Probabilistic topic model has been widely used in document management and social network mining. In this paper, we propose a new method to do tag-based recommendation with topic model. Some existing methods are based on mining association rules and similarity measures. In these cases, tags serve as the essential intermediates for statistical computation, but they have the drawbacks that results are sensitive to parameter setup. Even though they are popular in some real application situations, they are simply lack of scalability as the computational procedure differs over distinguished platforms. It's natural to take tags as words, from which topics can be effectively extracted by using topic model. Under the assumption of the generating process in topic model, user's topic distribution parameter implies his or her topic preference. Recommendation results are obtained according to the final probability calculated by summing over topics. Our experiments show that the proposed model is effective to do both tags and items recommendation on two sparse datasets.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Predicting morbidity and mortality is important in deciding timing of surgery and type of surgery offered. APACHE II, POSSUM, and P-POSSUM are the most reliable scoring methods in use today. This is the first paper to evaluate the utility of all three scoring systems in China. We collected data on 851 patients (583 male and 268 female) who underwent surgery between 1991 and 2011. Physiological and pathological data was entered in spreadsheet format and analyzed using STATA version 11.0 to generate ROC curves for each scoring system. In predicting mortality, P-POSSUM and POSSUM were most effective and APACHE II was ineffective. POSSUM predicted a higher morbidity risk than was actually encountered. Age and type of operation were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. The utility of the APACHE II score in gastric cancer patients is limited. APACHE II is suitable for considering group versus individual effect. The POSSUM score is useful in general surgery, but needs improvement. We found the P-POSSUM score to be superior for morbidity and mortality prediction. P-POSSUM is useful for both the general population and for a specific cohort. The type of surgery is a key decision point for surgeons, and independently affects prognosis. Based upon these findings and clinical scoring systems, clinicians can develop individualized treatment algorithms.

The preliminary site testing carried out since the beginning of 2008 shows the Antarctic Dome A is very likely to be the best astronomical site on earth even better than Dome C and suitable for observations ranging from optical wavelength to infrared and sub-millimeter. After the Chinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) which is composed of four small fixed telescopes with diameter of 145mm and mounted on Dome A in 2008 for site testing and variable star monitor, three Antarctic Survey Telescopes (AST3) were proposed for observations of supernovas and extrasolar planets searching. AST3 is composed of 3 large field of view catadioptric telescopes with 500mm entrance diameter and G, R, I filter for each. The telescopes can point and track autonomously along with a light and foldable dome to keep the snow and icing build up. A precise auto-focusing mechanism is designed to make the telescope work at the right focus under large temperature difference. The control and tracking components and assembly were successfully tested at from normal temperature down to -80 Celsius degree. Testing observations of the first AST3 showed it can deliver good and uniform images over the field of 8 square degrees. The first telescope was successfully mounted on Dome A in Jan. 2012 and the automatic observations were started from Mar. 2012.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies revealed that there is a relationship between CRC occurrence and microRNA (miRNA) function. Stem cells are a type of cells that have the ability to self-renew and to proliferate extensively while maintaining the undifferentiated state. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely linked to tumor recurrence and metastasis. To this end, we evaluated the miRNA expression differences between colon CSCs and non-stem cells using the SW1116 cell line, to determine the relationship between tumor stem cells and tumor biological behavior. We isolated populations of colon CSCs with the CD133+/CD44+ and CD133-/CD44- surface phenotype from a human SW1116 colon adenocarcinoma cell line using flow cytometry. The expression of miRNA and mRNA of both sets of cells was examined with miRNA and mRNA arrays. Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze microarray results. We completed gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis, miRNA target gene prediction with databases. We identified a colon stem cell miRNA expression profile comprising 31 upregulated and 31 downregulated miRNAs, such as miR29a, miR29b, miR449b and miR4524. Some of these differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation. Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that the differences are closely related to the function of the cell cycle, cell differentiation, signaling pathway, cytoskeletal proteins and cell-matrix adhesion in colon cancer stem cells. We found that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the expression of colon CSC characteristics. By regulating the expression of CSC signaling pathways, cytoskeleton and membrane proteins, miRNAs give tumor stem cells the macrobiological behavior of recurrence and metastasis. This study provides a new perspective on CRC metastasis and recurrence.

To construct a prokaryotic expression vector of human tau multiepitope peptide for examining the immunogenicity of a TauP1/P2 DNA vaccine in mice using the expressed product.The coding sequence of Tau multiepitope peptide gene was amplified from the plasmid pVAX1-Tau by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-2 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-2-TauP1/P2. The positive recombinants were transformed into E.coli BL21 cells, and the expression of fusion protein GST-TauP1/P2 was induced by IPTG and identified by SDS-PAGE. Mice was immunized with TauP1/P2 DNA vaccine and the production of the specific antibodies was detected by Dot-blot analysis using the purified fusion protein.A gene fragment 300 bp in length was amplified. Enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing verified correct construction of the prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX-4T-2-TauP1/P2. The expression of target fusion protein GST-TauP1/P2 was detected by SDS-PAGE. Specific antibodies against TauP1/P2 were detected in the serum of mice immunized with the DNA vaccine using GST-TauP1/P2 fusion protein.The constructed prokaryotic expression plasmid of human Tau multiepitope peptide is capable of expressing the target fusion protein, which specifically recognizes the specific antibodies against TauP1/P2 in mice immunized with TauP1/P2 DNA vaccine.

Humidity controlling blocks of biological and inorganic materials were studied and made to substitute brick for greenhouse wall which utilizes the capacity of the humidity-controlling materials to raise and lower the humidity to solves the present problems of humidity controlling measures in greenhouse This paper describes the preparation of the raw materials of the humidity-controlling bricks, the proportion of additive in the raw materials and its effect on relative humidity. The manufacturing process of the composite humidity-controlling blocks are also introcuced in this paper. The proportions of all the raw materials of the bricks for optimal humidity were obtained through tests of the capacity of the composite humidity-controlling blocks of different proportions of raw materials. The composite blocks have the great advantage of energy-saving, environmental protection, heat preservation and simple operation in the process of adjusting the humidity in greenhouses, which provides a broad prospect of application.

This study analyzed the bra designed for WearerSelf-caused Comfort, physical beauty Degree and Bra itself in the form of beauty and give their own psychological feelings of cultural symbols. To use the human body Ergonomic related theories, Explore the design process in bra man and man and the environment, And “Formal” and “ ergonomics ” of the harmony and unity, so that bra design with every step of the human body as the basis. Also designed an artistic component and bra wearer to best match the actual performance of the state. Thus Discusses the design of science in the bra to be expressed in the form of art, designed to achieve a bra harmony of science and art.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was originally discovered as a vasoconstrictor protein excreted by vascular endothelial cells. Recently, tumor-produced ET-1 has been considered to stimulate osteoblasts to form new bone, and to be an important mediator of osteoblastic bone metastasis. ET-1 has high affinity for two different membrane receptors, ETAR and ETBR, which are expressed by many types of cells including osteoblasts. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a phosphorylated and sulfated glycoprotein associated with mineralized connective tissues. To investigate the effects of ET-1 on BSP transcription, we used rat osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells. Levels of BSP and osteopontin mRNA were increased at 12 h after treatment with ET-1 (10 ng/ml), and ET-1 at the same concentration induced luciferase activity of a -116 to +60 BSP promoter construct at 6 h. Transcriptional activity of -84BSPLUC, which contains the cAMP response element (CRE), was increased by ET-1. Furthermore, at 6 h, ET-1 (10 ng/ml) increased the binding of nuclear protein to CRE, the FGF2 response element (FRE) and the homeodomain protein-binding site (HOX). Antibodies against CREB1, JunD and Fra2 disrupted the formation of CRE-protein complexes, while antibodies against Runx2 and Dlx5 reduced the formation of FRE- and HOX-protein complexes. These findings indicate that ET-1 increases BSP transcription via the CRE, FRE and HOX sites in the rat BSP gene promoter. (J Oral Sci 52, 221-229, 2010)

Butyric acid (sodium butyrate; BA) is an extracellular metabolite secreted from periodontopathic bacteria present in subgingival plaque. BA induces apoptosis of T and B cells, and acts as a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is thought to function in the initial mineralization of bone, and may be crucial for osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix mineralization and tumor metastasis. In the present study we investigated the regulation of BSP transcription by BA in rat osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells. At 12 h, BA (10 -4 M) increased the level of BSP mRNA, and enhanced the luciferase activity of the construct pLUC3, which includes the promoter sequence between nucleotides -116 and +60. Transcriptional stimulation by BA was abrogated in the pLUC3 construct which containing a 2-bp mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE). Gel shift analyses showed that BA increased the binding of nuclear protein to FRE. These data suggest that BA increases the transcription of the BSP gene mediated through FRE in the rat BSP gene promoter, and induces osteoblast activity in the early stage of bone formation. (J Oral Sci 52, 231-237, 2010)

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a major non-collagenous, extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with mineralized tissues. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is recognized as a potent mitogen for a variety of mesenchymal cells. FGF2 produced by osteoblasts accumulates in the bone matrix and acts as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblasts. We previously reported that FGF2 regulates BSP gene transcription through the FGF2 response element (FRE) and activator protein 1 (AP1) binding site overlapping with the glucocorticoid response element in the rat BSP gene promoter. In the present study, FGF2 (10 ng/ml) increased BSP and Runx2 mRNA levels at 6 h in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Transient transfection analyses were performed using chimeric constructs of the human BSP gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Treatment of MCF7 cells with FGF2 (10 ng/ml) increased the luciferase activity of the constructs between -84LUC and -927LUC. Gel mobility shift analyses showed that FGF2 increased the binding of AP1 and CRE2. The CRE2- and AP1-protein complexes were disrupted by antibodies against CREB1, c-Fos, c-Jun, Fra2, p300 and Runx2. These studies demonstrate that FGF2 stimulates BSP transcription in MCF7 human breast cancer cells by targeting the AP1 and CRE2 elements in the human BSP gene promoter.

Inorganic polyphosphate (poly(P)) is a biopolymer existing in almost all cells and tissues. The biological functions of poly(P) in micro-organisms have been extensively investigated in studies of poly(P) in eukaryotic cells, especially osteoblasts, and are increasing. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is thought to function in bone mineralization, and is selectively expressed by differentiated osteoblasts. In this study, application of sodium phosphate glass type 25 (SPG25, 12.5 and 125 microM) increased BSP mRNA levels at 12 h in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells. In transient transfection assay, 12.5 and 125 microM SPG25 increased luciferase activities of the constructs pLUC3 (-116 to +60), pLUC4 (-425 to +60), pLUC5 (-801 to +60) and pLUC6 (-938 to +60). Introduction of 2 bp mutations to the luciferase constructs showed that the effects of SPG25 were mediated by a FGF2 response element (FRE) and a homeodomain protein binding site (HOX). Luciferase activities induced by SPG25 were blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycine A, MAP kinase kinase inhibitor U0126, PI3-kinase/Akt inhibitor LY249002 and inorganic phosphate transport inhibitor foscarnet. Gel shift analyses showed that both 12.5 and 125 microM SPG25 increased nuclear protein binding to FRE and HOX elements. These studies demonstrate that SPG25 stimulates BSP transcription by targeting FRE and HOX elements in the proximal promoter of the rat BSP gene.

Laser alloying surface of spheroidal graphite iron and plain carbon steel improve the wear resistance of many industrial components. But the distribution of residual stress in the laser alloying zone and its adjacent area, that may affect the wear performance and the sensitivity of fatigue and fracture, has not been investigated systematically. In this paper the stresses distribution on the spheroidal graphite iron surface of the laser alloying zone with FeCSiB powder has been measured by X-ray diffraction technique. The results of XRD and optical microscope quantitative analysis show that the main phases of the laser alloying zone are Fe3C and α-Fe (plus martensite) with approximate the same volume fraction. The residual stress state of the two phases has been analyzed. It is found that laser alloying zone (LAZ) is subjected to high tensile stresses while the area surround LAZ is subjected to compressive stresses.Laser alloying surface of spheroidal graphite iron and plain carbon steel improve the wear resistance of many industrial components. But the distribution of residual stress in the laser alloying zone and its adjacent area, that may affect the wear performance and the sensitivity of fatigue and fracture, has not been investigated systematically. In this paper the stresses distribution on the spheroidal graphite iron surface of the laser alloying zone with FeCSiB powder has been measured by X-ray diffraction technique. The results of XRD and optical microscope quantitative analysis show that the main phases of the laser alloying zone are Fe3C and α-Fe (plus martensite) with approximate the same volume fraction. The residual stress state of the two phases has been analyzed. It is found that laser alloying zone (LAZ) is subjected to high tensile stresses while the area surround LAZ is subjected to compressive stresses.

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an early marker of osteoblast differentiation. We previously reported that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) regulates BSP gene transcription via FGF2 response element (FRE) in the proximal promoter of rat BSP gene. We here report that activator protein 1 (AP1) binding site overlapping with glucocorticoid response element (GRE) AP1/GRE in the rat BSP gene promoter is another target of FGF2. Using the osteoblastic cell line ROS17/2.8, we determined that BSP mRNA levels increased by 10 ng/ml FGF2 at 6 and 12 h. Runx2 protein levels increased by FGF2 (10 ng/ml) at 3 h. Treatment of ROS17/2.8 cells with FGF2 (10 ng/ml, 12 h) increased luciferase activities of constructs including − 116 to + 60 and − 938 to + 60 of the rat BSP gene promoter. Effects of FGF2 abrogated in constructs included 2 bp mutations in the FRE and AP1/GRE elements. Luciferase activities induced by FGF2 were blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A, src-tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1 and MAP kinase kinase inhibitor U0126. Gel shift analyses showed that FGF2 increased binding of FRE and AP1/GRE elements. Notably, the AP1/GRE-protein complexes were supershifted by Smad1 and c-Fos antibodies, c-Jun and Dlx5 antibodies disrupted the complexes formation, on the other hand AP1/GRE-protein complexes did not change by Runx2 antibody. These studies demonstrate that FGF2 stimulates BSP gene transcription by targeting the FRE and AP1/GRE elements in the rat BSP gene promoter.

Due to a limited dimension of the focused laser beam, multiple passes are required to treat large surface areas, which results in overlapping of laser tracks. This process increases the cracking susceptibility and is a major barrier for the wide application of the laser treatment. To avoid the formation of cracks in multiple overlapping laser tracks, a novel technique referred to as the laser dispersed alloying (LDA) has been developed. The technique consists of creating a dispersed pattern of laser alloying on the surface to be processed. This treatment enhances the fatigue resistance of the surface layer. In the present study, the microstructure, the residual stress, and the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) for the ductile cast iron surface formed with the LDA technique were investigated. It was found that the fatigue resistance of the ductile cast iron is markedly increased after the LDA process, due to the compressive stresses and the fine dendritic structure formed in the laser alloying zone, the excellent bond strength between the laser alloying zone and the substrate, and the martensite shell surrounding graphite nodule in the heat affected zone near the boundary of the laser alloying zone.

This paper investigated the corrosion behaviors of Ti3AlC2 at 700 °C in molten KOH with various mass ratios. If the mass ratio of KOH:Ti3AlC2⩽2, Ti3AlC2 can resist KOH hot corrosion in 2 h. Ti3AlC2 suffered serious corrosion attack if the mass ratio⩾3. The main compositions of corroded samples were amorphous graphite and potassium titanates (K2O·nTiO2). If the samples were washed by acid and dried, potassium titanates could decompose to K2O and amorphous rutile. Based on the experimental results, a corrosion mechanism of Ti3AlC2 in molten KOH was proposed.

Let $T_{\vec{b}}$ and $T_{��b}$ be the commutators in the $j$-th entry and iterated commutators of the multilinear Calder��n-Zygmund operators, respectively. It was well-known that $T_{\vec{b}}$ and $T_{��b}$ were not of weak type $(1,1)$ and $(H^1, L^1)$, but they did satisfy certain endpoint $L\log L$ type estimates. In this paper, our aim is to give more natural sharp endpoint results. We show that $T_{\vec{b}}$ and $T_{��b}$ are bounded from product Hardy space $H^1\times\cdot\cdot\cdot\times H^1$ to weak $L^{\frac{1}{m},\infty}$ space, whenever the kernel satisfies a class of Dini type condition. This was done by using a key lemma given by M. Christ, a very complex decomposition of the integrand domains and splitting and estimating the commutators very carefully into several terms and cases., 23 pages

A synergy of computer simulations, analytical formulations, and experiments proves very effective in research and development. Using nanorod growth as an example, this letter presents the synergy of the three complementary approaches in research, and demonstrates its effectiveness. Through this synergy, a theoretical framework of nanorod growth emerges; through the direction of the theories, experimental realization of smallest well-separated nanorods becomes reality; through the realization of such nanorods, metallic glue in ambient environments becomes technical reality and commercial possibility.