Search

Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has represented a new approach for cancer treatment with low toxicity and side effects. Nonetheless, it has been a challenge to improve the therapeutic effect through increasing the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we increased the amount of ROS agents in the Fenton-like reaction by loading dihydroartemisinin (DHA) which was an artemisinin (ART) derivative containing peroxide groups, into magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), thereby improving the therapeutic effect of CDT. Blank MNP were almost non-cytotoxic, whereas three MNP loading ART-based drugs, MNP-ART, MNP-DHA, and MNP-artesunate (MNP-AS), all showed significant killing effect on breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells), in which MNP-DHA were the most potent. What’s more, the MNP-DHA showed high toxicity to drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells), demonstrating its ability to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). The study revealed that MNP could produce ferrous ions under the acidic condition of tumor microenvironment, which catalyzed DHA to produce large amounts of ROS, leading to cell death. Further experiments also showed that the MNP-DHA had significant inhibitory effect on another two aggressive breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells), which indicated that the great potential of MNP-DHA for the treatment of intractable breast cancers.

Adoptive cell transfer therapy is currently one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. This therapy has some limitations, however, such as the dispersion of in vivo-administered cells, causing only a small proportion to reach the tumor. Nanotechnological approaches could offer a solution for this drawback, as they can increase cell retention and accumulation in a region of interest. In particular, strategies employing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to improve targeting of adoptively transferred T or NK cells have been explored in mice. In vivo magnetic retention is reported using the human NK cell line NK-92MI transfected with MNPs. Primary NK cells are nonetheless highly resistant to transfection, and thus we explore in here the possibility of attaching the MNPs to the NK cell surface to overcome this issue, and examine whether this association would affect NK effector functions. We assessed the attachment of MNPs coated with different polymers to the NK cell surface, and found that APS-MNP attached more efficiently to the NK-92MI cell surface. In association with MNPs, these cells preserved their main functions, exhibiting a continued capacity to degranulate, conjugate with and lyse target cells, produce IFN-γ, and respond to chemotactic signals. MNP-loaded NK-92MI cells were also retained in an in vitro capillary flow system by applying an EMF. A similar analysis was carried out in primary NK cells, isolated from mice, and expanded in vitro. These primary murine NK cells also maintained their functionality intact after MNP treatment and were successfully retained in vitro. This work therefore provides further support for using MNPs in combination with EMFs to favor specific retention of functional NK cells in a region of interest, which may prove beneficial to adoptive cell-therapy protocols.

Two models of two- and three-layers of a magnetic nanoparticle are presented applying the Heisenberg theory with the parameter (exchange integral and closest neighbors) values for surface layers, which differ from the bulk layer values. The difference in the numbers of closest neighbors is taken into account. The corresponding distribution and partition functions are constructed. The magnetization of the particles is calculated by the conventional transition to thermodynamics. The results are illustrated by plots, representing magnetization curves and hysteresis loops for the layer contributions. The magnetization curves for both models are compared.

Magnetic particles (MPs), with magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) as the most abundant species, are ubiquitously present in the natural environment. MPs are among the most applied engineered particles and can be produced incidentally by various human activities. Identification of the sources of MPs is crucial for their risk assessment and regulation, which, however, is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report a novel approach, hierarchical classification-aided stable isotopic fingerprinting, to address this problem. We found that naturally occurring, incidental, and engineered MPs have distinct Fe and O isotopic fingerprints due to significant Fe/O isotope fractionation during their generation processes, which enables the establishment of an Fe-O isotopic library covering complex sources. Furthermore, we developed a three-level machine learning model that not only can distinguish the sources of MPs with a high precision (94.3%) but also can identify the multiple species (Fe 3 O 4 or γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) and synthetic routes of engineered MPs with a precision of 81.6%. This work represents the first reliable strategy for the precise source tracing of particles with multiple species and complex sources.

The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases, including Rett syndrome, by enabling the correction of genes or mutations in human patient cells. However, several challenges need to be addressed before its widespread clinical application. These challenges include the low delivery efficiencies to target cells, the actual efficiency of the genome-editing process, and the precision with which the CRISPR-Cas system operates. Herein, the study presents a Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Genome Editing (MAGE) platform, which significantly improves the transfection efficiency, biocompatibility, and genome-editing accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed technology, MAGE is applied to correct the mutated MeCP2 gene in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) from a Rett syndrome patient. By combining magnetofection and magnetic-activated cell sorting, MAGE achieves higher multi-plasmid delivery (99.3%) and repairing efficiencies (42.95%) with significantly shorter incubation times than conventional transfection agents without size limitations on plasmids. The repaired iPSC-NPCs showed similar characteristics as wild-type neurons when they differentiated into neurons, further validating MAGE and its potential for future clinical applications. In short, the developed nanobio-combined CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers the potential for various clinical applications, particularly in stem cell therapies targeting different genetic diseases., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

To solve the problem of ice condensation and adhesion, it is urgent to develop new anti-icing and deicing technologies. This study presented the development of a highly efficient photothermal-enhanced superhydrophobic PDMS/Ni@Ti 3 C 2 T x composite film ( m -NMPA) fabricated cost-effectively and straightforwardly. This film was fabricated utilizing PDMS as a hydrophobic agent, adhesive, and surface protector, while Ni@Ti 3 C 2 T x as a magnetic photothermal filler innovatively. Through a simple spraying method, the filler is guided by a strong magnetic field to self-assemble into an eyelash-like microstructure array. The unique structure not only imparts superhydrophobic properties to the surface but also constructs an efficient "light-capturing" architecture. Remarkably, the m -NMPA film demonstrates outstanding superhydrophobic passive anti-icing and efficient photothermal active deicing performance without the use of fluorinated chemicals. The micro-/nanostructure of the film forms a gas layer, significantly delaying the freezing time of water. Particularly under extreme cold conditions (-30 °C), the freezing time is extended by a factor of 7.3 compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, under sunlight exposure, surface droplets do not freeze. The excellent photothermal performance is attributed to the firm anchoring of nickel particles on the MXene surface, facilitating effective "point-to-face" photothermal synergy. The eyelash-like microarray structure enhances light-capturing capability, resulting in a high light absorption rate of 98%. Furthermore, the microstructure aids in maintaining heat at the uppermost layer of the surface, maximizing the utilization of thermal energy for ice melting and frost thawing. Under solar irradiation, the m -NMPA film can rapidly melt approximately a 4 mm thick ice layer within 558 s and expel the melted water promptly, reducing the risk of secondary icing. Additionally, the ice adhesion force on the surface of the m -NMPA film is remarkably low, with an adhesion strength of approximately 4.7 kPa for a 1 × 1 cm 2 ice column. After undergoing rigorous durability tests, including xenon lamp weathering test, pressure resistance test, repeated adhesive tape testing, xenon lamp irradiation, water drop impact testing, and repeated brushing with hydrochloric acid and particles, the film's surface structure and superhydrophobic performance have remained exceptional. The photothermal superhydrophobic passive anti-icing and active deicing technology in this work rely on sustainable solar energy for efficient heat generation. It presents broad prospects for practical applications with advantages such as simple processing method, environmental friendliness, outstanding anti-icing effects, and exceptional durability.

Plasminogen activators, such as recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activators (rtPAs), while effective in treating thromboembolic diseases, often induce hemorrhagic complications due to non-specific enzyme activities in the systemic circulation. This study evaluated the targeting efficiency, efficacy, biodistribution, and potential toxicity of a rtPA covalently attached to chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (chitosan-MNP-rtPA). The thrombolytic activity of a chitosan-MNP-rtPA was preserved by protection from an endogenous plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in whole blood and after circulation in vivo, as examined by thromboelastometry. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated real-time retention of a 99m Tc-MNP-rtPA induced by magnet application in a rat embolic model; an 80% reduction in rtPA dosage for a chitosan-MNP-rtPA with magnetic guidance was shown to restore blood flow. After treatment, iron deposition was observed in the reticuloendothelial systems, with portal edema and neutrophil infiltration in the liver at a ten-fold higher dose but not the regular dose. Nevertheless, no liver or renal toxicity was observed at this higher dose. In conclusion, the liver may still be the major deposit site of rtPA nanocomposites after targeted delivery; chitosan-coated MNPs are potentially amenable to target therapeutics with parenteral administration.

Due to their unique glycan composition and linkage, protein glycosylation plays significant roles in cellular function and is associated with various diseases. For comprehensive characterization of their extreme structural complexity occurring in >50% of human proteins, time-consuming multi-step enrichment of glycopeptides is required. Here we report zwitterionic n-dodecylphosphocholine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (ZIC-cHILIC@MNPs) as a highly efficient affinity nanoprobe for large-scale enrichment of glycopeptides. We demonstrate that ZIC-cHILIC@MNPs possess excellent affinity, with 80–91% specificity for glycopeptide enrichment, especially for sialylated glycopeptide (90%) from biofluid specimens. This strategy provides rapidity (~10 min) and high sensitivity (n = 3) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 3) at the depth of >3000 glycopeptides, especially for the large-scale identification of under-explored sialylated glycopeptides. The glycoproteomics atlas also revealed the differential pattern of sialylated glycopeptides between HBV and HCC groups. The ZIC-cHILIC@MNPs could be a generic tool for advancing the glycoproteome analysis, and contribute to the screening of glycoprotein biomarkers.

Monodisperse magnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by a simple, improved, one-pot solvothermal synthesis using SDS and PEG 6000 as double capping reagents. This double protecting layer afforded better MNP uniformity (Z average 257 ± 11.12 nm, PDI = 0.18) and colloidal stability. Materials were characterized by DLS, SEM, TEM, XPS, and XRD. The use of these MNPs in the synthesis of core–shell structures with uniform and tunable silica coatings was demonstrated, as silica coated MNPs are important for use in a range of applications, including magnetic separation and catalysis and as platforms for templated nanogel synthesis.

Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has represented a new approach for cancer treatment with low toxicity and side effects. Nonetheless, it has been a challenge to improve the therapeutic effect through increasing the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we increased the amount of ROS agents in the Fenton-like reaction by loading dihydroartemisinin (DHA) which was an artemisinin (ART) derivative containing peroxide groups, into magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), thereby improving the therapeutic effect of CDT. Blank MNP were almost non-cytotoxic, whereas three MNP loading ART-based drugs, MNP-ART, MNP-DHA, and MNP-artesunate (MNP-AS), all showed significant killing effect on breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells), in which MNP-DHA were the most potent. What's more, the MNP-DHA showed high toxicity to drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells), demonstrating its ability to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). The study revealed that MNP could produce ferrous ions under the acidic condition of tumor microenvironment, which catalyzed DHA to produce large amounts of ROS, leading to cell death. Further experiments also showed that the MNP-DHA had significant inhibitory effect on another two aggressive breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells), which indicated that the great potential of MNP-DHA for the treatment of intractable breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste cutting emulsions are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure. As an important treatment method for emulsions, chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs–water separation rates and high sludge production. Hence, in this study, Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting emulsions under a magnetic field. The addition of MNPs significantly decreased the time required to attain sludge–water separation and sludge compression equilibrium, from 210 to 20 min. In addition, the volume percentage of sludge produced at the equilibrium state was reduced from 45% to 10%. This excellent flocculation–separation performance was stable over a pH range of 3–11. The magnetization of the flocculants and oil droplets to form a flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composite, and the magnetic transfer of the composite were two key processes that enhanced the separation of cutting emulsions. Specifically, the interactions among MNPs, flocculants, and oil droplets were important in the magnetization process, which was controlled by the structures and properties of the three components. Under the magnetic field, the magnetized flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composites were considerably accelerated and separated from water, and the sludge was simultaneously compressed. Thus, this study expands the applicability of magnetic separation techniques in the treatment of complex waste cutting emulsions. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the response of the magnetic moment of two oppositely oriented nanoparticles with different values of uniaxial anisotropy to the action of a short Gaussian pulse of magnetic field is studied in this work. The dependence of the response duration on the pulse parameters is established. It is shown that, by selecting the duration and/or amplitude of the pulse, it is possible to reverse the magnetization of either dipole (in this case, the magnetic moment of the system changes from 0 by ) or of both dipoles (the magnetic moment is preserved). The effect of the dipole–dipole interaction on the magnetization reversal is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of different nanomaterials has been investigated during the past few decades and represents an exciting challenge for the unexpected emerging properties of the resulting nano-hybrids. Spermidine (Spd), a biogenic polyamine, has emerged as a useful functional monomer for the development of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Herein, an electrostatically stabilized ternary hybrid, constituted of iron oxide-DNA (the core) and spermidine carbon quantum dots (CQDSpds, the shell), was self-assembled and fully characterized. The as-obtained nano-hybrid was tested on HeLa cells to evaluate its biocompatibility as well as cellular uptake. Most importantly, besides being endowed by the magnetic features of the core, it displayed drastically enhanced fluorescence properties in comparison with parent CQDSpds and it is efficiently internalized by HeLa cells. This novel ternary nano-hybrid with multifaceted properties, ranging from fluorescence to superparamagnetism, represents an interesting option for cell tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic ion-selective colorimetric microspheres based on surface modification of polystyrene beads (0.8 μm diameter) are reported for the first time. The common components of ion-selective optode sensing (chromoionophore, ion-exchanger and ionophore) and magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed onto the surface of the polystyrene particles using a simple mixed solvent method. The average diameter of the magnetic microspheres is evaluated by dynamic light scattering as 0.79 ± 0.06 μm. The reversible microsensors are circulated by flow and accumulated at a single spot by an applied magnet to become observable by digital camera. Hue signals are extracted from the recorded images to quantify the ratio of protonated and deprotonated form of the chromoionophore, which is the basis for optode response. The resulting magnetic microsensors respond to K+ with excellent selectivity over the range of 10−6 M to 10−2 M and a response time of t 99 < 2.6±0.5 min above 10−5 M. The use of solvatochromic dyes as pH independent transducers was not successful in this application. Image 1 • Magnetic Ionophore-based colorimetric sensors are contained on the surface of polystyrene particles. • Ion-selective colorimetric microspheres are formed using a simple mixed solvent procedure. • The reversible microsensors are easily trapped and observed in an automatic flow system. • The color change (hue value) of the microsensors monitored by a digital camera is used as signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the need of green and sustainable development, a magnetically recyclable solid catalyst was developed for the transformation of low-cost oils to biodiesel via simultaneous transesterification and esterifications in an efficient and environmentally benign manner. For this aim, the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 composites composed of iron oxides as the core and silica as the shell, were prepared, and then polymeric acidic ionic liquid (IL) was immobilized on the magnetic support through radical grafting copolymerization of Brønsted acidic IL, 1-vinyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium hydrogen sulfate, onto the magnetic support. The characterization results showed that the perfect core-shell structured Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 support with good magnetic responsiveness was formed, and the polymeric acidic IL was tethered on the magnetic support. The combination of polymeric acidic IL with magnetic porous nanoparticles could enhance the catalytic activity and favored the separation performance of the catalyst. The solid catalyst exhibited high activities for both transesterification of soybean oil and esterification of free fatty acids generally presented in low-cost oils. Moreover, the catalyst could be simply recovered magnetically and efficiently reutilized for several times without significant loss in its activity, thus allowing its being potentially applicable for green and economic production of biodiesel especially from the low-cost oil feedstocks. • A magnetically recyclable catalyst with core–shell structure was prepared. • The catalyst was used for one-pot biodiesel production from low-cost oils. • The catalytic activity and durability were intensively explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PCA3 is one of the most prostate cancer-specific genes described to date. Of note, PCA3 expression is detectable at high level in the urine of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Accordingly, PCA3 is an ideal biomarker for PCa diagnosis. Several techniques for the measurement of this biomarker in urine have been developed but there are still some drawbacks. In this study, magnetic nanoparticle-based PCR coupled with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase and a substrate for colorimetric detection was established as a potential assay for urinary PCA3 detection. The method provided a high specificity for PCA3 gene in LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Additionally, this technique could detect PCA3 at femtogram level which was approximately 1,000-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The effectiveness of the method was assessed by PCA3 detection in clinical specimens. The relative PCA3 expression of PCa patients determined by this assay was significantly greater than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy controls. The results of our test were comparable with the results of qRT-PCR. The proposed method is promising to distinguish between cancerous and non-cancerous groups. Altogether, this simple assay is practicable and useful for prostate cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles can be altered by doping with transition metals. Herein, we report the effect of co- substitution with copper and manganese on the structural and magnetic properties of the cobalt ferrite. The particles were prepared by a solgel method with post-annealing at high temperature. The obtained particles are varied in size and shape depending on the amount of doping elements. The coercivity can be enhanced by small doping (less than 10%) whereas the saturation magnetization does not show an explicit trend. The coercivity enhancement is ascribed to the stronger magnetic moment coupling and the particle size effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O -Carboxymethylchitosan- N -lauryl/γ-Fe 2 O 3 magnetic nanoparticles (OCh-LM) were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM and VSM. The OCh-LM was essentially spherical in shape, with a mean particle size of 11.1 ± 3.4 nm and saturated magnetization of 18.4 emu/g. The nanoparticle was used to remove the anionic dye Remazol Red 198 (RR198) from aqueous solution by the batch system. The kinetic data and adsorption isotherm were best fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in enthalpy, change in Gibbs free energy and change in entropy were estimated, and the results indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacity, calculated through the Langmuir–Freundlich model at 25 °C, was 216 mg/g. Desorption of the dye and reuse of the adsorbent were performed in four cycles. These results show that OCh-LM can be potentially used as a magnetic adsorbent to remove RR198 and probably other anionic reactive dyes from aqueous solution for avoiding the secondary pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, various reports related to sensing application research have suggested that combining the synergistic impacts of optical, electrical or magnetic properties in a single technique can lead to a new multitasking platform. Owing to their unique features of the magnetic moment, biocompatibility, ease of surface modification, chemical stability, high surface area, high mass transference, magnetic nanoparticles have found a wide range of applications in various fields, especially in sensing systems. The present review is comprehensive information about magnetic nanoparticles utilized in the optical sensing platform, broadly categorized into four types: surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging (NIRS) that are commonly used in various (bio) analytical applications. The review also includes some conclusions on the state of the art in this field and future aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel assembly method was used to prepare the sulfhydryl functionalized magnetic SBA-15 (SH-M-SBA-15). The physicochemical properties of SH-M-SBA-15 were characterized by TEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR, BET, and VSM. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of initial uranium concentration, dosage of adsorbent, pH values, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption efficiency and behaviors. The adsorption types were analyzed from the aspects of kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamic. The results show that the specific surface area of SH-M-SBA-15 is 316.67 m2/g, which is smaller than that of SBA-15 (692.18 m2/g). However, compared with SBA-15, SH-M-SBA-15 has more surface sulfhydryl functional groups. The addition of this group can improve the adsorption of uranyl ions by SH-M-SBA-15. The optimal adsorption conditions were adsorption dosage 40 mg/L, pH 6, temperature 35 °C, contact time 180 min, and initial uranium concentration 35 mg/L. Under this condition, the maximum adsorption amount of uranyl ion by SH-M-SBA-15 can reach 804.79 mg/g, which is much higher than the highest adsorption capacity of uranyl ion by SBA-15 (146.23 mg/g). The adsorption process was better depicted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The process was consistent with the quasi-second-order model. ΔG was negative and ΔH was positive, indicating spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave heating is one of the prominent treatment procedure that elevates body temperature using microwave energy to damage tumor cells. However, healthy tissues can also absorb microwave energy causing undesired damage. This research study focuses on optimizing the surrounding healthy tissue damage by diffusing magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in the tumor region. A rectangular liver tissue is modeled using Finite Element Methods (FEM) and then a half-elliptical shaped tumor is incorporated in the model. A coaxial antenna covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene catheter is inserted at the edge of the liver tissue. Then the magnetic NPs are diffused within the tumor region. The performance of microwave heating with and without nanoparticle diffusion is compared using the performance parameters: power dissipation density, temperature distribution, and resultant tissue necrosis. Simulation results show that the heating procedure coupled with ferromagnetic nanoparticle diffusion has approximately 14% less damage to the healthy tissue. The study also shows that 433/915 MHz frequency value provides 3% less damage to the healthy tissue than 2.45 GHz. Analyzing the performance of different nanoparticle we found that the ferromagnetic nanoparticle provides 15% and 5% less damage to the healthy tissue than gold and manganese iron oxide NPs respectively. The obtained result was also verified for kidney, breast, and lung tumor ablations to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demulsification efficiency of diluted waste cutting fluid by magnetic demulsifiers was investigated and the soild concentration (C S) effect was observed. A C S -effect was observed in magnetic demulsification systems. This study evaluated the demulsifying capability of magnetic nanoparticles for industrial wastewater treatment and the solid effect during demulsification. In order to evaluate the demulsification capability of magnetic nanoparticles, an oleic acid-coated magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 @OA) was used as a demulsifier for demulsification of diluted waste cutting fluid (DWCF) rom machining and manufacturing. The effects of the magnetic nanoparticles dosage (C S), the pH, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and electrolytes (NL and CL) in DWCF on the demulsification efficiency (E D) were investigated. It was observed that the E D enhanced when electrolytes NL and CL were added into DWCF and decreased with pH increasing. Meanwhile, in the magnetic demulsification systems, a significant solid concentration effect (or C S -effect) was observed, that is the equilibrium adsorption amount (Γ e) declined as C S increased. These C S -effect data can be explained using the surface component activity (SCA) model. The C S -effect strength (or γ value) declined in turn with the NL, CL and CTAB added and declined with pH increasing. The paper further discusses the rationale for the observed results. This paper provides a new perspective on magnetic demulsification and demonstrates that SCA model can be applied to describe the C S -effect phenomenon exactly in magnetic demulsification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern chemotherapeutic anticancer treatments have come a long way in the fight against breast cancer, thus bringing science closer to a cure. However, the nature of these drugs is to attack both cancerous and non-cancerous cells at the same time. In our studies, we synthesized Magnetic Cyclodextrin-polyurethane based nano-composite (Fe3O4-ECA-PU-CD) which is a drug delivery system using a biocompatible magnetic polymer that directs chemotherapeutic drugs to cancerous regions in the body with an external magnet. This nano-composite was able to facilitate the loading and simultaneous release of the hydrophilic antitumor drug Doxorubicin (DOX) along with the hydrophobic antitumor drug docetaxel. The composite was made using a simple co-precipitation method with magnetic nano-particles (MNPs) followed by a silica coating process and an in situ polymerization process. Verification of synthesis for the drug carrier was carried out using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) to measure magnetic properties. Drug loading and release efficiencies were monitored using an HPLC-UV detector. Finally, an MTT assay was performed in order to evaluate the biocompatibility and toxicity of the synthetic nano-composite on MCF7 cell lines. Our findings present a new biocompatible drug delivery system with a high capacity for loading and directing two different chemotherapeutic drugs simultaneously to cancer sites with little to no toxicity to the surrounding non-cancerous cells. These studies present a viable tool for cancer treatment and research where the cancer is efficiently removed while the patient remains healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ferrofluid of magnetic nanoparticles, oleic acid (OA), combined with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (Fe 3 O 4 [iron oxide]-OA-DES) was prepared and coupled with vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction, to pre-concentrate and determine mefenamic acid (MFA) in urine samples, following high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With regard to Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, all sorbents were identified by SEM, TEM, and XRD. In addition, the influence of different parameters such as pH, ferrofluid volume, ionic strong (NaCl concentration %), and vortex time was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Maximum MFA extraction predicted by RSM (97.66) was achieved at pH 4.0, 60 μL of ferrofluid, 3%w/v NaCl, and 7 min vortex time with desirability of 1.0. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.351 ng mL−1 and 4.575 ng mL−1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD [relative standard deviation]%) in the concentrations of 50, 300, and 700 ng mL−1 of MFA were less than 3.6% and 4.2%, respectively. The method developed in our study could successfully determine MFA in urine samples. The MFA microextraction in urine samples were between 80.25 and 97.44% with RSD% less than 4.60%. Inclusion of ferrofluid in a miniaturized method for sample preparation is proportional to the achievement of high microextraction percentage using green analytical method. Image 1 • Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent as the carrier for ferrofluid. • Pre-concentration and determination of Mefenamic acid in urine samples. • Application of vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The combine of ultrasound and rotational magnetic field enhance thrombolysis rate. • Clot lysis was enhanced with magnetic microbubble in a rotational magnetic field. • Clot lysis rate increase as the rotational magnetic field flux density increase. • Clot lysis rate increase as the rotational magnetic field frequency increase. Thrombosis is an extremely critical clinical condition where a clot forms inside a blood vessel which blocks the blood flow through the cardiovascular system. Previous sonothrombolysis methods using ultrasound and microbubbles (MBs) often have a relatively low lysis rate due to the low microbubbles concentration at clot region caused by blood flow in the vessel. To solve this problem, the magnetic microbubbles (MMBs) that can be retained by an outer magnetic field against blood flow are used in this study. Here we report the development of a new method using the rotational magnetic field to trap and vibrate magnetic microbubbles at target clot region and then using an intravascular forward-looking ultrasound transducer to activate them acoustically. In this study, we investigated the influence of different blood flow conditions, vessel occlusion conditions (partial and fully occluded), clot ages (fresh, retracted), ultrasound parameters (input voltage, duty cycle) and rotational magnetic field parameters (amplitude, frequency) on the thrombolysis rate. The results showed that the additional use of magnetic microbubbles significantly enhances in vitro lysis of blood clot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a remote control system of transgene expression through localized cellular heating of magnetic nanoparticles, a heat-inducible transgene expression system was introduced into mammalian cells. Cells were labeled with magnetic nanoparticles and exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The magnetically labeled cells expressed the transgene in a monolayer and multilayered cell sheets in which cells were heated around the magnetic nanoparticles without an apparent temperature increase in the culture medium. Magnetic cells were also generated by genetically engineering with a ferritin gene, and transgene expression could be induced by exposure to an alternating magnetic field. This approach may be applicable to the development of novel gene therapies in cell-based medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoptive cell transfer therapy is currently one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. This therapy has some limitations, however, such as the dispersion of in vivo -administered cells, causing only a small proportion to reach the tumor. Nanotechnological approaches could offer a solution for this drawback, as they can increase cell retention and accumulation in a region of interest. In particular, strategies employing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to improve targeting of adoptively transferred T or NK cells have been explored in mice. In vivo magnetic retention is reported using the human NK cell line NK-92MI transfected with MNPs. Primary NK cells are nonetheless highly resistant to transfection, and thus we explore in here the possibility of attaching the MNPs to the NK cell surface to overcome this issue, and examine whether this association would affect NK effector functions. We assessed the attachment of MNPs coated with different polymers to the NK cell surface, and found that APS-MNP attached more efficiently to the NK-92MI cell surface. In association with MNPs, these cells preserved their main functions, exhibiting a continued capacity to degranulate, conjugate with and lyse target cells, produce IFN-γ, and respond to chemotactic signals. MNP-loaded NK-92MI cells were also retained in an in vitro capillary flow system by applying an EMF. A similar analysis was carried out in primary NK cells, isolated from mice, and expanded in vitro. These primary murine NK cells also maintained their functionality intact after MNP treatment and were successfully retained in vitro. This work therefore provides further support for using MNPs in combination with EMFs to favor specific retention of functional NK cells in a region of interest, which may prove beneficial to adoptive cell-therapy protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticle-based thrombolysis is a potential new treatment for stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of targeted thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). The rtPA was covalently bound to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and maintained at the target site using an external magnet. Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated MNP were synthesized and rtPA was then bound to the resultant PAA-MNP via carbodiimide-mediated amide bonds. For the in vitro tests, blood clots were formed in plastic centrifuge tubes with anti-coagulated plasma, thrombin and calcium chloride. For the in vivo tests, mice with ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), MNP, rtPA, or MNP-rtPA (n = 6 mice per group). The binding efficacy was 80.7 ± 1.5 μg rtPA bound to 1 mg PAA-MNP. In the in vitro tests, the mean lysis percentage dramatically increased from 1.28% in the MNP group without rotation to 77.40% in the rtPA + MNP group with rotating magnetic field. The lysis efficiency of MNP-rtPA was 27.3 ± 1.3%, and it increased to 42.8 ± 2.8% with magnetic field rotation. The mean sizes of the infarct areas of the PBS, MNP, rtPA, and MNP-rtPA mouse groups were 20.09 ± 6.07, 18.28 ± 2.69, 8.65 ± 3.63 and 4.40 ± 2.46 mm3, respectively. Thus, targeted MNP-rtPA accelerated thrombolysis and reduced the infarct area in a mouse model of cerebral embolism. This approach may serve as a feasible and effective treatment for embolic cerebral ischemia. • Polyacrylic acid-coated nanoparticles can bind with tissue plasminogen activator. • MNP-rtPA accelerate thrombolysis in vitro. • MNP-rtPA significantly reduce infarct volume in mice MCA model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) aptasensor is designed for the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis bacteria, which affects the Mediterranean fever (brucellosis) from the zoonotic diseases that are very common in the Middle East Countries. The method is based on the selection of B. melitensis bacterium from solutions using B. melitensis specific binding aptamer (Apt) attached magnetic nanoparticles. The surface of the magnetic nanoparticles (i.e.,Fe 3 O 4) was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and then grafted with a hydrophilic macromonomer poly(ethyleneglycol)-methacrylate (PEG-MA) as a first block polymer and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) as a second block functional polymer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method [Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @p(PEG-MA-GMA)], then, the specific binding aptamer was immobilized. The aptamer immobilized magnetic nanoparticles were used for the pre-concentration of the target bacterium, and the same aptamer sequence was also immobilized on the QCM chip and used for the quantitative detection of B. melitensis using QCM aptasensor. The detection limits of the QCM aptasensor were in the range 1.02–1.07 CFU mL−1, with recoveries up to 79%. The synthesized [Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @p(PEGMA-GMA)] nanoparticles showed a good permanence and high isolation recoveries for the pull down of the target bacterium from food samples, after recycling eight times. The method was successfully applied to target bacterium determinations in milk and milk product samples. fx1 • A QCM-aptasensor was designed for the determination of B. melitensis from food samples. • The aptamers on magnetic particles and QCM sensor chips have high specificity to target bacteria. • B. melitensis detection limit of the QCM-aptasensor was found to 100 CFU mL−1. • The pre-concentration with same aptamer offered sensitive detection of target bacteria. • The binding of bacterial cells to QCM-aptasensor was well described by Langmuir model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel adsorbent material for removal of metal ion from aqueous solution was made by modification of chitosan. Schiff base prepared from reaction of chitosan with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde was crosslinked with epichlorohydrin to form a crosslinked gel. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were incorporated into the modified chitosan gel to obtain a magnetic adsorbent material. The magnetic nanocomposite thus obtained was characterized using FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS and XRD techniques and evaluated for adsorptive removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions was found to be 90.90 and 83.33 mg g−1 respectively. The adsorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption to be spontaneous and endothermic. The desorption studies revealed the efficient recovery of adsorbate species and possible reusability of the adsorbent material. • Heterocyclic modification of chitosan has been achieved for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. • The extent of adsorption was further enhanced by the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles. • The desorption studies revealed the efficient recovery of adsorbate and possible reusability of the adsorbent material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a poly (vinylbenzyl chloride) grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PVBC) was prepared by surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization and subsequently coated with tris (aminoethyl) amine (TAEA). Then, Fe3O4@PVBC-TAEA nanoparticles were utilized as a novel adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous media and optimal adsorption conditions were determined with response surface methodology (RSM). The used adsorbent was characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). RSM with central composite design (CCD) was carried out to evaluate the effect of initial pH, initial Pb(II) concentration (C0, mg/L), adsorbent dosage (mg), and contact time (min). The optimum initial pH, C0, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were found to be 5.88, 46.51 mg/L, 17.41 mg, and 108.21 min, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were 97.07% and 129.65 mg/g under these conditions, respectively. The kinetic data revealed that the adsorption mechanism could be best explained by the pseudo-second-order and Weber-Morris models. The isotherm studies found that both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fitted the experimental data well. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption nature is exothermic, applicable, and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the fate and impact of iron oxide or magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 , ∼13 nm in size) nanoparticles (NPs) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a common crop cultivated around the world. Barley seedlings were grown in hydroponic culture for three weeks to include NPs (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques were used to assess their uptake and translocation. Photosynthesis marker genes were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results revealed that increasing doses of Fe 3 O 4 NPs were gradually enhanced the plant growth up to 500 mg/L, which promoted the fresh weight (FW) respectively ∼19% and ∼88% for leaf and root tissues than the ones for control. No phytotoxic effect was recorded even at high NPs doses. NPs inclusion increased some phenological parameters such as chlorophyll, total soluble protein, number of chloroplasts, and dry weight. High NPs doses dramatically reduced the catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide content, suggesting a possible function of NPs as nanozyme in vivo. TEM observations showed that Fe 3 O 4 NPs penetrated and internalized in the root cells. In leaves, they were mostly existed at the surrounding cell wall, suggesting their translocation from root to shoot without cellular penetration. Further analysis by using VSM confirmed the existence of Fe 3 O 4 NPs in leaves which result in dramatic alterations of the photosystem genes (PetA , psaA, BCA and psbA). In conclusion, barley plants uptake and translocate Fe 3 O 4 NPs, which promoted the plant growth probably due to the promoted gene expression and efficient photosynthetic activity. • Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 , ∼13 nm) NPs are up-taken by roots and translocated to leaves. • They enhanced the plant growth without phytotoxic effect. • They were mostly existed at the surrounding cell wall without cellular penetration. • High NPs doses reduced the hydrogen peroxide content, likely act as nanozyme. • Expression of photosynthetic genes, petA and psaA were increased dramatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was covalently immobilized onto the N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (ASMNPs) using glutaraldehyde (GA). Immobilization of 6PGDH on ASMNPs was confirmed using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The NADP+ conversion ratio, the reusability, thermal, and storage stability of the immobilized 6PGDH were determined and compared with those of the free enzyme. The maximum retention of enzyme activity reached to 96% when the enzyme was immobilized on ASMNPs activated with monomer form of GA. Although the thermal stability of free and immobilized enzymes was similar, at 30 °C, the immobilized 6PGDH showed the improved thermal stability at 40 °C and 50 °C compared with free 6PGDH. While the free 6PGDH only converted 33% of NADP+ in reaction medium upon 480 s, the immobilized 6PGDH performed 56% conversion of NADP+ at same time. The immobilized 6PGDH retained 62% of its initial activity up to the fifth cycle and 35% of its initial activity after 22 days of storage at 4 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co-incubation of gallates and MNPs enhanced MNP internalization by tumor cells. • The galloyl moiety may be the pharmacophore of MNP-cell interaction enhancement. • Two adjacent hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring are crucial for the enhancement. • Methyl gallate and gallamide exerted most potent effects among derivatives studied. • Magnetic force and gallates exerted a synergetic effect on cellular uptake of MNPs. How nanoparticles interact with biological systems determines whether they can be used in theranostic applications. It has been demonstrated that tea catechins, may enhance interactions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with tumor cells and the subsequent cellular internalization of MNPs. As part of the chemical structure of the major tea catechins, gallates are found in a variety of plants and thus food components. We asked whether the structure of gallate might act as a pharmacophore in the enhancement of the effects of MNP-cell interactions. Uptake of dextran-coated MNPs by glioma cells and cell-associated MNPs (MNP cell) were respectively analyzed by confocal microscopy and a colorimetric iron assay. Co-incubation of MNPs and gallates, such as gallic acid and methyl gallate, induced a concentration-dependent increase in MNP cell , which was associated with co-localization of internalized MNPs and lysosomes. An analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the galloyl moiety exerted the most prominent enhancement effects on MNP cell which was further potentiated by the application of magnetic force; catechol coupled with a conjugated carboxylic acid side chain displayed comparable effects to gallate. Blockade or reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups rendered these compounds less effective, but without inducing cytotoxicity. The SAR results suggest that neighboring hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring form an essential scaffold for the uptake effects; a similar SAR on antioxidant activities was also observed using a free radical-scavenging method. The results provide pivotal information for theranostic applications of gallates by facilitating nanoparticle-cell interactions and nanoparticle internalization by tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel core-shell superparamagnetic nanofluids composed of magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 , MION) and cobalt-doped (Co x Fe 3-x O 4 , Co-MION) nanoparticles functionalized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ligands were designed and produced via green colloidal aqueous process. The effect of the degree of substitution (DS = 0.7 and 1.2) and molecular mass (M w) of CMC and cobalt doping concentration on the physicochemical and magnetic properties of these nanoconjugates were comprehensively investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP) analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The results demonstrated the effect of concentration of carboxylate groups and M w of CMC on the hydrodynamic dimension, zeta potential, and generated heat by magnetic hyperthermia of MION nanoconjugates. Co-doping of MION showed significant alteration of the electrostatic balance of charges of the nanoconjugates interpreted as effect of surface interactions. Moreover, the VSM and EPR results proved the superparamagnetic properties of these nanocolloids, which were affected by the presence of CMC and Co-doping of iron oxide nanoparticles. These magnetic nanohybrids behaved as nanoheaters for killing brain cancer cells in vitro with prospective future applications in oncology and nanomedicine. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/carboxymethyl cellulose biopolymer – " Smart nanohybrids" for magneto-thermotherapy of cancer cells. Unlabelled Image • Carboxymethyl cellulose-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle conjugates were synthesized. • CMC‑iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) and Co-doped (Co x Fe 3-x O 4) nanocolloids were produced in water. • Degree of substitution and molar mass of CMC tuned properties of Fe 3 O 4 nanoconjugates. • Fe 3 O 4 and Co-doped nanoparticles showed distinct surface interactions with CMC groups. • New CMC-Fe 3 O 4 conjugates proved activity as nanoheaters to kill brain cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new kind of bifunctional magnetic-fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant carboxyls on the surface has been prepared by covalently combining glutathiose (GSH)-modified CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs. The silica-coated Fe3O4 NPs were functionalized with amino groups by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to provide Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 NPs, which was then chemically conjugated with GSH-modified CdTe QDs to form bifunctional magnetic-fluorescent NPs, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH-CO-CdTe-QDs NPs. The properties and morphologies of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH-CO-CdTe-QDs NPs were investigated by FTIR, Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. TEM images display that Fe3O4@SiO2-NH-CO-CdTe-QDs NPs possess spherical core-shell structure with a uniform size about 50 nm. The bifunctional NPs were found to exhibit good magnetic and strong fluorescent properties favorable for their application in the detection of latent fingerprints. Furthermore, the carboxyls on the surface of NPs have good absorptions with water in air and the residues of fingerprints so as to not only avoid dust flying to protect the health of operators, but also improve the efficiency of detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their ability to be internalized into cells by endocytosis through cell membranes, the application of nanoparticles in therapeutic and diagnostic fields has received much interest. In particular, ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used as reagents for medical care, including in vitro magnetic separation, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and as drug delivery systems. However, little is known about the quantitative analysis of the cellular uptake of MNPs by the interaction of particle surfaces with biomolecules. Here, we quantitatively analyze the intracellular uptakes of 30 nm Fe- and Mn-ferrite MNPs. We confirm that the magnetic properties of MNPs change according to their microstructure and quantitatively analyze nanoparticle internalization in breast cell lines (MCF10A, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231) by measuring the magnetic moment using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Finally, we examine the effect of nanoparticle microstructure on cellular uptake in terms of the interaction between the nanoparticles and biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the availability of magnetically separable Fe 3 O 4 -red mud nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs) for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater was investigated. Disadvantages of red mud and Fe 3 O 4 because of difficult separation from aqueous media, agglomeration, and iron leaching were overcome by combining these two materials. After examinating adsorption capability of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs for all studied antibiotic compounds, the experiments were performed by using Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) as a model compound. Batch experiments were performed to determine the effect of red mud content of synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs, pH, reaction time and temperature on the proposed method. The surface morphology, magnetic properties, crystalline structure, thermal stability and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area of the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs were determined. The saturation magnetization of Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs was determined to be 12.2 emu/g, which is efficient to separate adsorbent from water by using a conventional magnet. For the efficient removal of CIPRO from aqueous media optimum conditions were determined to be 1.5 g red mud for Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs synthesize, pH 6.0, reaction time 60 min, 3 g/L Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs dosage at 25 °C. Adsorption was fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were found to be better represented by Freundlich isotherm. n value was 4.32, and K F value was 110.15 mg/g for Freundlich isotherm. No important matrix effect was determined for removal of CIPRO from wastewater sample. Film diffusion mechanism controlled adsorption. Magnetically separable Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs are proposed to be used as efficient adsorbent to remove antibiotics from wastewater sources. Since red mud is a process waste, proposed nanomaterial is a good alternative to commercial adsorbents. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Fe 3 O 4 /Red Mud-Nanoparticles successfully used for the removal of antibiotics from water. • The removal of Ciprofloxacin from water depends on pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage etc. • Equilibrium data were found to be better represented by Freundlich isotherm. • Adsorption was determined to be controlled by film diffusion mechanism. • Fe 3 O 4 -RM-NPs have sufficient magnetic property for efficient separation from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of magnetic separation based on nanoparticles has been an efficient approach in many research fields and different industries. It has shown multiple advantages including high separation efficiency and fast separation speed as well as low cost, comparing to conventional sedimentation or centrifugation methods. The basic contents and modelling principles such as one-way and two-way coupling methods involving magnetic separation have been introduced specifically and comprehensively, which can be used for better understanding the process and optimizing design of magnetic separators. Then typical industry applications of magnetic separation including kaolin beneficiation, water treatment, protein purification, cell separation, and drug delivery have been summarized in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]