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Il contributo presenta una panoramica delle ricerche sui palazzi imperiali del Palatino degli ultimi decenni. In primo piano si trova la nuova costruzione flavia, che fu eretto alla fine del I secolo d.C. sotto l’imperatore Domiziano. L’analisi dettagliata delle testimonianze edilizie consente ormai proposte molto più dettagliate rispetto al passato sull’ampliamento e la progettazione di costruzione dei Flavi. L’inserimento nella storia della ricerca sui complessi palaziali degli imperatori romani e la distinzione dalle successive ricostruzioni rendono necessaria una correzione delle precedenti ipotesi sotto diversi aspetti. Il Palazzo Flavio, che finora è stato interpretato come un compatto contro-modello alla domus Aurea di Nerone, va piuttosto inteso come un sapiente sviluppo ulteriore degli edifici e dei concetti precedenti. Come per i suoi predecessori, l’architettura deve essere visto come un riflesso delle condizioni sociali e politiche del rispettivo tempo, che nella loro totalità riflettono in larga misura lo sviluppo del Principato stesso. In questo senso, la nuova costruzione flavia segna un punto fermo nello sviluppo dell’architettura dei palazzi romani, perché, nonostante le numerose modifiche apportate al complesso fino al III secolo d.C., il concetto architettonico di base non è più messo in discussione e ha ancora un forte impatto sulla Tarda Antichità. This contribution provides an overview of research on the architecture of the imperial palaces on the Palatine in recent decades and presents the results of new fieldwork carried out by the German Archaeological Institute, Berlin. The central focus is the Flavian building, which was constructed at the end of the 1st century AD under the Emperor Domitian. A detailed analysis of the architectural evidence now allows for a more elaborate reconstruction of both the extent and the design of the Flavian building project. A revision of current scholarly hypotheses is also necessary in light of a new analysis of the later, post-Flavian changes to the imperial palaces. While the Flavian palace was previously seen as the more compact counter-model to Nero’s domus Aurea, it should now be understood as a clever enhancement of the previous buildings and their inherent concepts. Just like those buildings, the Flavian palace ought to be understood as a reflection of the social and political conditions of its time, and together they mirror the development of the Principate. In all this, the Flavian rebuilding of the palace marked a milestone in the development of palatial architecture since its underlying architectural concept remained unchanged until Late Antiquity, despite a series of changes and adaptions.

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de odontología que cursan octavo, noveno y décimo semestre en la Universidad Santo Tomas respecto a la fase de atención primaria de los pacientes con fisura labio alveolo palatina. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal, el cual evaluó por conveniencia a 113 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres, de octavo a décimo semestre que se encuentran cursando el segundo periodo académico del 2019. La prueba de conocimiento se realizó por medio de una encuesta conformada por 15 preguntas de selección múltiple con única respuesta. Estas correspondían a los siguientes ítems: Clasificación epidemiológica de las fisuras labio alveolo palatinas, protocolos de tratamiento, equipo profesional, alimentación e higiene bucal, utilizando las escalas establecidas: bueno, regular y malo. El análisis estadístico se realizó por medio de las pruebas Chi2 o Fisher`s Exact en donde se incluyeron las categorías mencionadas, además de la variable cualitativa, con el fin de comparar el nivel de conocimiento y la asociación para los 3 semestres elegidos y su asociación. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes se evidencio en la escala “regular”, lo que indica que no existe una asociación significativa entre el sexo de los participantes (p=0.964), la edad (p=0.2722) y el semestre que cursaron (p=0.192) respecto al nivel de conocimiento del manejo de los pacientes con fisura labio alveolo palatina para el análisis de la dimensión de epidemiologia, genética y clasificación de las fisuras labio alveolo palatinas se concluye que hay desconocimiento acerca del desarrollo embriológico de esta patología ubicándose en la escala de malo (59.29%), con base en la dimensión conocimiento de los protocolos de tratamiento ideales se puede evidenciar que hay desconocimiento por parte de los estudiantes lo cual fue expresado en la escala de malo (68.14%). Los estudiantes demostraron no tener claridad respecto al equipo multidisciplinario que participa en el manejo de esta patología multifactorial de esta dimensión para el área clínica indicado en la escala de malo (51.33%). En lo que corresponde a la dimensión de alimentación, esta se expresó en la escala de regular con (45.13%), por último los conceptos aplicados en la dimensión conocimientos sobre higiene bucal se reflejaron en la escala de regular (49.56%). Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes en la fase de atención primaria de los pacientes con fisura labio alveolo palatina fue regular (80.53%) lo que indico que no existe una relación significativa entre el sexo, la edad y el semestre que cursaron los participantes y es claro que hay desconocimiento del manejo y la orientación de estos pacientes con necesidades especiales y atención específica es pertinente considerar de gran importancia abordar la falta de conocimiento como complemento para las capacidades adquiridas en la práctica clínica para así lograr el buen desempeño profesional permitiría dar apertura a la profundización de estas áreas y la preparación del odontólogo para su correcta orientación y el buen accionar profesional. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of dental students taking eighth, ninth and tenth semester at Santo Tomás University regarding the primary care phase of patients with cleft palate alveolus. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, which randomly evaluated 113 students, men and women, from the eighth to the tenth semester who are studying the second academic period of 2019. The knowledge test was carried out through a survey made up of 15 questions multiple choice with only one answer. These corresponded to the following items: Epidemiological classification of palatal alveolar lip infections, treatment protocols, professional equipment, food and oral hygiene, using the established scales: good, fair and bad. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi2 or Fisher's Exact tests where the specified categories are included, in addition to the qualitative variable, in order to compare the level of knowledge and the association for the 3 semesters chosen and their association. Results: The level of knowledge of the students was evidenced in the “regular” scale, which indicates that there is no significant association between the sex of the participants (p = 0.964), age (p = 0.2722) and the semester that They studied (p = 0.192) regarding the level of knowledge of the management of patients with cleft lip and palate alveoli for the analysis of the epidemiology, genetics and classification of palate alveolus cleft fissures. It is concluded that there is ignorance about the embryological development of this Pathology located on the bad scale (59.29%), based on the knowledge dimension of the ideal treatment protocols, it can be seen that there is ignorance on the part of the students, which was expressed on the bad scale (68.14%). The students demonstrated not being clear regarding the multidisciplinary team that participates in the management of this multifactorial pathology of this dimension for the clinical area indicated on the bad scale (51.33%). Regarding the feeding dimension, this was expressed on the regular scale with (45.13%), finally the concepts applied in the knowledge dimension on oral hygiene were reflected on the regular scale (49.56%). Conclusions: The level of knowledge of students in the primary care phase of patients with cleft lip The palatal socket was regular (80.53%), which indicated that there is no significant relationship between the sex, age, and semester of the participants, and it is clear that there is ignorance of the management and orientation of these patients with special needs and care specific, it is pertinent to consider of great importance to address the lack of knowledge as a complement to the skills acquired in clinical practice in order to achieve good professional performance would allow to open up the deepening of these areas and prepare the dentist for its correct orientation and good act professional. Odontólogo http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Già in precedenza, in base al rinvenimento sul Palatino di alcuni frammenti di rilievi con navi, databili in età augustea, era stata avanzata l’ipotesi che nell’area della casa di Augusto esistesse un monumento celebrativo della vittoria di Azio. Oggi l’ipotesi è stata confermata da numerosi nuovi dati, ricavati in parte dagli scavi di G. Carettoni da poco pubblicati ; inoltre dal confronto con la moneta di C. Antistius Vetus del 16 a.C., che raffigura il monumento aziaco, costituito da una base rettangolare, sormontata da una statua di Apollo citaredo, nell’atto di libare. Come attesta la moneta, riferibile al trofeo sul Palatino, la base era decorata con scene navali, e ad essa possono bene riferirsi i rilievi palatini con le navi ; la statua panneggiata posta sulla base può essere identificata con gli oltre cento frammenti di un Apollo panneggiato, di dimensioni maggiori del vero, recuperati dagli scavi di Carettoni nella zona del tempio di Apollo. Hypotheses on the existence on the Palatine hill of a celebrative monument of the battle at Actium were already put forward on the basis of some fragments with reliefs of ships which can be dated to the Augustan era. Many new data, recovered in part from the excavation records of G. Carettoni, which were just published, confirm the hypothesis; further support comes by comparing with the coin of C. Antistius Vetus of 16 B.C., which shows the Actium monument as made of a rectangular basis, over which a statue of Apollo with cythara, in the act of libation, was placed. As the coin, which may be referred to the monument on the Palatine, shows, the basis was decorated with naval scenes, and it accords well with the reliefs found on the Palatine; as for the draped statue placed on the basis, it can be identified by the over one hundred fragments of a splendid draped Apollo, of size larger than life, which were recovered by the excavations of Carettoni in the area of the temple of Apollo.

Two problematics points are clarified in the comment of Brocense to the verses 267-281 of the First Eglogue of Garcilaso: the reference to the “cancion six” of Petrarch and the proposal of five verses of one author “antiguo” as font of this stanza. It also adds two notations concerning the descriptio puellae in Garcilaso.

Two problematics points are clarified in the comment of Brocense to the verses 267-281 of the First Eglogue of Garcilaso: the reference to the “cancion six” of Petrarch and the proposal of five verses of one author “antiguo” as font of this stanza. It also adds two notations concerning the descriptio puellae in Garcilaso., Se resuelven dos puntos problemáticos del comentario del Brocense a los versos 267-281 de la Égloga primera de Garcilaso: la referencia a la “canción 6” de Petrarca y la propuesta de cinco versos de un autor “antiguo” como fuente de la estancia. Se añaden dos apostillas sobre la descriptio puellae garcilasiana.

The Domus Tiberiana Project started in 2013 and is coordinated by the Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo e l’area archeologica centrale di Roma. It aims at a new and comprehensive study of the first imperial palace on the Palatine. Several aspects are considered, integrating the results of preceding research into new analyses archived inside the GIS SITAR of the Soprintendenza: the study of wall stratigraphy, building techniques, decoration systems, archaeological finds, and architectural restorations. This paper shows the first results of the survey of building techniques and materials used in the Hadrianic block along the western section of the Nova Via, built at the same time as the enlargement of the north-western corner of the Domus Tiberiana. In particular, metrological analysis of bricks has proved how the different supplies of bipedales, sesquipedales, bessales, broken roof tiles and reused bricks were arranged inside the building. In fact it seems that the distribution of building techniques in the different portions of the construction was planned according to an economic and structural rationale.

[it] Il progetto Domus Tiberiana, iniziato nel 2013 e coordinato dalla Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo e l’area archeologica centrale di Roma, ha come scopo il nuovo e complessivo studio del primo palazzo imperiale sul Palatino. Diversi aspetti vengono considerati, integrando fra loro i risultati delle ricerche precedenti e delle nuove indagini, archiviati nel GIS SITAR della Soprintendenza: studio della stratigrafia muraria, delle tecniche edilizie, delle decorazioni, dei reperti archeologici e dei restauri architettonici. In questo articolo sono esposti i primi risultati dell’indagine condotta sulle tecniche e i materiali da costruzione dell’isolato adrianeo nel tratto occidentale della Nova Via, costruito insieme all’ampliamento dell’angolo NordOvest della Domus. In particolare, l’analisi metrologica dei laterizi ha chiarito come gli approvvigionamenti di bipedali, sesquipedali, bessali, tegole fratte e laterizi di reimpiego venissero redistribuiti all’interno dell’edificio. La ripartizione delle tecniche edilizie nelle diverse porzioni murarie obbediva, infatti, a una razionale logica economica e strutturale.

The N-E foot of Palatino Hill and Coliseum Valley (Rome) are characterised by a sequence of complex buildings, related to the Roman period between the late Republican and Severo's age (200 AD). To enhance the knowledge of this area, as to the location and conservation of unknown buried Roman structures, a scientific collaboration between Sapienza University at Roma (Department of Archaeology) and the Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC-CNR), was initiated in 2001 and it is still a very active joint research program today. In this complex site a series of GPR surveys employing different frequencies were carried out between 2001 and 2011. For the field measurements two different GPR SIR Systems (GSSI); one equipped with a 500 MHz bistatic antenna and the other employing a 70 MHz monostatic antenna, were used. Acquisition was made using a high-resolution approach in which parallel profiles were recorded very closely across the site. Signal processing, image processing, and visualization techniques have been used in conjunction with data modelling, elaboration, and interpretation of the recorded subsurface amplitudes. With the aim of obtaining a planimetric image of all possible anomalous bodies, the time-slice visualization technique was applied. All GPR results have been verified through the direct archaeological controls. These archaeological excavations made by the team of Prof. Clementina Panella (Sapienza University of Roma) during the last few years after the geophysical surveys, have confirmed the structures individuated with the GPR method.

La tesis doctoral se ha realizado para poder encontrar un método de diagnóstico precoz de la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino, mediante la detección temprana de otras alteraciones dentales asociadas y así poder aplicar tratamientos tempranos, que mejoren el pronóstico de la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino. La impactación del canino maxilar por palatino, supone la alteración del trayecto eruptivo del mismo, que lo conduce a la zona palatina. Los pacientes con esta alteración necesitan tratamiento de ortodoncia para reposicionar el canino en la arcada, que suele ser largo y complejo. A raíz del síndrome DAP (Dental Anomaly Patterns), se ha visto que esta alteración puede tener un origen genético y puede tener relación con otras alteraciones dentales. OBJETIVOS: Se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: La inclusión del canino maxilar por palatino es una alteración dental que se asocia con otras anomalías dentales, en concreto la inclinación a distal del segundo premolar inferior en erupción y el retraso en el desarrollo dental, pudiendo ambas anomalías ayudar al diagnóstico precoz de la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino. Y los siguientes objetivos: Desarrollar un método preciso que permita medir con exactitud la angulación del segundo premolar inferior. Determinar si la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino está asociada con la inclinación hacia distal del segundo premolar inferior en erupción. Investigar si la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino está relacionada con el retraso en el desarrollo dental y su evolución. Analizar si la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino está relacionada con otras alteraciones dentales. Averiguar si el síndrome DAP “Dental Anomaly Patterns” se presenta en la muestra de nuestro estudio. Indagar si la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino forma parte de del síndrome DAP. Precisar las alteraciones dentarias, por orden de prioridad, para poder realizar un diagnóstico precoz de la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Con tal fin se realizó un estudio retrospectivo comparativo contando con la aprobación por el Comité Ético de Investigación en Humanos de la Universitat de Valencia. La muestra se obtuvo de la clínica de Ortodoncia de la Universitat de Valencia y de 5 clínicas privadas de ortodoncia y odontopediatría. Estuvo compuesta por un grupo experimental de 111 pacientes y un grupo control de 111 pacientes. Los criterios de inclusión del grupo experimental es que tuviesen al menos un canino maxilar impactado por palatino y una radiografía panorámica previa con los segundos premolares inferiores en erupción. El grupo control se obtuvo mediante el emparejamiento en edad y sexo con el grupo experimental, y los criterios de inclusión fueron que los dos caninos maxilares hubieran erupcionado naturalmente y que no hubieran recibido tratamiento previo de ortodoncia. En las 222 radiografías panorámicas se anotaron el número de agenesias de incisivo lateral superior, de segundo premolar inferior y de incisivo inferior, el número de microdoncias de incisivo lateral superior, las transposiciones, los dientes supernumerarios, la infraoclusión de los molares temporales, la erupción ectópica del segundo molar permanente y la inclusión de caninos inferiores. Además se valoró el estadio del germen del segundo premolar inferior y del grupo experimental se clasificó la impactación del canino en derecha, izquierda y bilateral. Y además en las radiografías se realizaron mediante un software especialmente diseñado para este estudio unas serie de mediciones para objetivar la inclinación hacia distal del segundo premolar inferior. Se obtuvo, por último la edad dental de todos los pacientes, para compararla con su edad cronológica y de esa forma obtener un valor para el desarrollo dental. RESULTADOS: La inclinación del segundo premolar inferior hacia distal fue estadísticamente significativa en todas sus medidas incluso en la inspección visual en el grupo experimental. El desarrollo dental tardío también fue diferente de manera estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos de la muestra. Las alteraciones agenesia de incisivo lateral superior, microdoncia de incisivo lateral superior, infraoclusión de molares temporales, y la inclusión de caninos inferiores dio diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de la muestra. DISCUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados coinciden con los de Shalish y colaboradores de 2009 y los de Baccetti y colaboradores en 2010 que concluyeron que la impactación del canino maxilar por palatina es una alteración que aparece asociada a la inclinación del segundo premolar inferior hacia distal durante su erupción. Nuestros resultados coinciden también con otros estudios que concluyeron que en los pacientes con impactación del canino maxilar por palatino hay retraso en el desarrollo dental, siendo nuestro estudio el que comprueba que ese retraso se hace más evidente conforme mayor edad tiene el paciente. Y nuestros resultados coinciden con otros estudios que encuentran que la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino se encuentra asociada a otras alteraciones dentales. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha desarrollado un método preciso con un software digital especialmente diseñado para este estudio basándose en tres ángulos que permiten medir con exactitud la angulación del segundo premolar inferior. La impactación del canino maxilar por palatino es una alteración dental que se asocia con la inclinación hacia distal del segundo premolar inferior en erupción. La impactación del canino maxilar por palatino es una alteración dental que está relacionada con el retraso en el desarrollo dental, siendo dicho retraso más evidente conforme mayor es el paciente hasta que finaliza. La impactación del canino maxilar por palatino está relacionada con otras alteraciones dentales que son: la agenesia de incisivos laterales superiores, la microdoncia de incisivos laterales superiores, la infraoclusión de molares temporales y la inclusión del canino inferior. El síndrome DAP “Dental Anomaly Patterns” se presenta en la muestra de nuestro estudio. La impactación del canino maxilar por palatino forma parte de del síndrome DAP “Dental Anomaly Patterns”. El desarrollo dental tardío, la presencia de más de una alteración asociada y la inclinación hacia distal del segundo premolar inferior, por orden de prioridad, permiten realizar un diagnóstico precoz de la impactación del canino maxilar por palatino. The doctoral thesis has been done to find an early diagnosis method of the palatal impaction of upper cuspids, using other dental associated alterations so that we can do early treatments that will improve the prognosis of palatal impaction of upper cuspids. The palatal impaction of upper cuspids produces an alteration in its eruptive path. Patients with this problem require orthodontic treatment to fit the cuspid in the dental arch that usually is a long and complex treatment. Due to the DAP (Dental Anomaly Pattern) syndrome we can conclude that this has a genetic origin related to other dental alterations. OBJECTIVES: Our hypothesis was that the palatal impaction of upper cuspids is a dental alteration associated to other dental anomalies like the distal inclination of an erupting second lower bicuspid and a delayed dental development. These anomalies can help us to do an early diagnosis of palatal impaction of upper cuspids. And our objectives are: to develop an accurate method of measurement of the lower second bicuspids angulation. To determine if the palatal impaction of upper cuspids is associated to the distal inclination of an erupting second lower bicuspid. To investigate if the palatal impaction of the upper cuspids is related to dental development. To analyze if the palatal impaction of upper cuspids is related to other dental alterations. To find out if the DAP syndrome shows up in our study simple. To investigate if the palatal impaction of upper cuspids is part of the DAP syndrome. To specify which dental alterations can help us in the early diagnosis of the palatal impaction of upper cuspids listed in priority order. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A comparative retrospective study was done with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Research in Humans of the University of Valencia. The sample was obtained from the Orthodontic department of the University of Valencia and from 5 private offices of orthodontics and pediatric dentistry. The sample was an experimental group of 111 patients and a control group of 111 patients. The inclusion criteria of the experimental group was at least one upper cuspid palatally impacted and a previous panoramic radiograph with erupting second lower bicuspids. The control group was obtained by pairing in age and sex the patients of the experimental group and the inclusion criteria was that both upper cuspids had erupted normally without orthodontic treatment. In all 222 panoramic radiographs we find out the number of upper lateral incisor, second lower bicuspid and lower incisor agenesis, microdontia of upper lateral incisors, transpositions, supernumerary teeth, temporary molar infraocclusion, ectopic eruption of second permanent molars and lower cuspids impaction. We also assessed the lower second bicuspid germ development. In the experimental group the cuspid impaction was classified into right, left or bilateral impaction. In the radiographs a series of measurements in the distal inclination of the lower second bicuspids were made with specifically designed software for this study. Finally, the dental age of all patients was obtained to compare it with the chronological age getting a number value for its dental development. RESULTS: The distal inclination of the lower second bicuspids of the experimental group was statistically significant in all measurements included the visual inspection measurement. The dental development was also statiscally significant different in both study groups. Dental alterations such as upper lateral incisor agenesis, upper lateral incisor microdontia, temporary molar infraocclusion, and lower cuspids impaction gave statistically significant differences between study groups. DISCUSSION: Our results agree with Shalish et al (2009) and Baccetti et al (2010) that concluded that palatal impaction of upper cuspids is an alteration associated to distal inclination of erupting second lower bicuspids. Our results also agree with other studies that concluded that patients with palatal impaction have delayed dental development. This delayed development has been seen greater in our study as patient gets older. And our results also agree with studies that find relation between palatal impaction of upper cuspids and other dental alterations. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate method of measurement of the second lower bicuspid angulation based on 3 angles has been obtained with specifically designed software for this study. The palatal impaction of upper cuspids is a dental alteration associated to distal inclination of erupting second lower bicuspids. The palatal impaction of upper cuspids is a dental alteration related to delayed dental development, being this delay greater as older is the patient. The palatal impaction of upper cuspids is related to these dental alterations: upper lateral incisor agenesis, upper lateral incisor microdontia, temporary molar infraocclusion, and lower cuspids impaction. The DAP “Dental Anomaly Patterns” syndrome shows up in our study sample. The palatal impaction of upper cuspids is part of the DAP “Dental Anomaly Patterns” syndrome. Delayed dental development, the presence of more than one associated alterations and the distal inclination of second lower bicuspids in this order enable us to make an early diagnosis of the palatal impaction of upper cuspids.