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Shipboard Management supports students undertaking qualification at all stages of maritime training, enhancing and developing knowledge and understanding of the key issues in the Merchant Shipping (Training and Certification) Regulations 1997, as subsequently amended by the 2015 Regulations and other legislation.Informed by real-world experience of commercial shipboard operations, Shipboard Management offers an essential study guide addressing the issues which are most frequently confronted in the context of ship management. It is designed to foster the ability to analyse and apply the dynamics of the legal and operational structures in which the shipboard management team must engage in merchant vessel operations. Students will progress through increasingly difficult levels of learning activity in order to develop problem-solving abilities. The text focuses on the application of skills and techniques that are fundamental to commercial shipping and that meet the demands of the Merchant Shipping (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping) Regulations.This will be essential reading for all students and candidates on MCA-accredited Deck training courses, and for seafarers wishing to apply for Certificates of Equivalent Competency. It is also a key reference for professionals in ship-owning and management companies, and for maritime lawyers.

This book applies a contract-governance theory to the implementation of decarbonisation objectives in the international maritime sector. In doing so, it provides an overview of how the network of contractual relationships that characterise commercial shipping can become effective sites of collaboration between shipping actors to improve upon energy efficiency and CO2 reduction.To achieve this aim, the book investigates and develops a set of contractual tools that can enable private actors to strengthen their commitments to net-zero targets (whether state-mandated or voluntary) and develop cooperative norms to guide decision-making and contractual interpretation. These mechanisms include contractual clauses and drafting considerations which can secure a desired outcome for contractual performance, thereby managing climate risks and providing adequate remedy where such risks materialise. In a transnational sector such as shipping, where contracts can exert greater influence on corporate decarbonisation efforts than international regulation, the book challenges the traditional limitations of contract law and calls for a deeper integration of green principles into private relationships.

Maritime law is a subject of ancient vintage which is both evolutionary and revolutionary in the context of the current milieu. It is still evolving as new areas of law are emerging mainly through international conventions and the technological revolution that is rapidly changing or modifying established principles and practices in the maritime field. The book Maritime Law Perspectives Old and New is the brainchild of the lead editor Proshanto K. Mukherjee, the proverbial “ancient mariner”, and is produced by the editorial triumvirate comprising him, Jingjing Xu and Maximo Q. Mejia who have collaborated on several past occasions. They are assisted by upwardly mobile maritime law academics Huiru Liu and Minna Yu. The book is special in many ways, not the least of which is the conglomeration of authors hailing from some 20 countries around the world covering both common and civil law jurisdictions and the fact that the contributing authors are inter-generational. A unique feature of the book which appears in two volumes is that the first volume consists entirely of Chinese authors most of whom are relatively young newcomers embarking on their academic voyages. This will hopefully inspire others of their kind in China to write and publish in English which is officially recognized by the International Maritime Organization as the global language of the maritime world. The second volume consists of the writings of seasoned maritime law authors some of whom are distinguished scholars with enviable track records in maritime law academia. Other notable features of the book include the vast array of subject matters addressed in the chapters of both volumes ranging from traditional public and private law topics such as international law of the sea, ship-source pollution, regulatory maritime law like ship safety and aids to navigation to emerging hi-tech oriented topics like blockchain applications in shipping, comparative legal commonalities between maritime and aviation law and contemporary legal endeavour such as the convention on recognition of judicial sales of ships and interjurisdictional issues and disputes in transboundary waterways. It is anticipated that the book will inure to the benefit of readers and researchers who are involved in pursuing maritime law and are keenly interested in its perpetuity from perspectives old and new.

The bill of lading has been the subject of numerous articles, dissertations, and textbooks over the years, and this is hardly surprising. The bill of lading has a fascinating history, it has several functions with roots in both contract and property law, and its issuance may trigger the application of an international convention on the carriage of goods by sea, the Hague–Visby Rules. Whereas most books on the subject deal with the bill of lading in general, this book zooms in on the straight bill of lading and covers the differences (and similarities) with a negotiable (order or bearer) bill of lading.

Jurisdiction and Arbitration Agreements in Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea focuses on party autonomy and its limitations in relation to jurisdiction and arbitration clauses included in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea in case of any cargo dispute. The author takes the perspective of the shipping companies and the shipowners, as these are the driving forces of the shipping industry due to their strategic importance.The book provides an analysis of the existing law on the recognition and validity of jurisdiction and arbitration clauses in the contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. The author also seeks to provide conclusions and to learn lessons for the future of the non-recognition and the non-enforcement of the clauses in the existing fragmented legal framework at an international, European Union, and national level (England & Wales and Spain). The interface between the different legal regimes reveals the lack of international harmonisation and the existence of ‘forum shopping'when a cargo interest sues the shipowner or the party to whom the shipowner charters the vessel.This concise book provides a useful overview of existing research, for students, scholars and shipping lawyers

Theory, Law and Practice of Maritime Arbitration The Case of International Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea Eva Litina It is estimated that over 80% of global trade by volume is carried by sea, making maritime transport a cornerstone of the global economy. Most disputes in the shipping industry are settled by distinctive, private arbitral proceedings that are best understood by a close examination of the standard form contracts that are used in practice and of the case law arising therefrom. Extrapolating insightfully from these sources, the author of this book examines in depth the phenomenon of maritime arbitration with a specific focus on contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. She offers the first comprehensive and comparative analysis of arbitral practice in the three jurisdictions where the most frequently selected maritime arbitral seats are located: London, New York, and Singapore. An analysis of the applicable rules and relevant case law in each jurisdiction provides the basis from which a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats is achieved. The book addresses the following key aspects of maritime arbitration: maritime arbitration's definition, origins, theoretical underpinnings, socioeconomic context, and significance; the maritime-specific reasons for wide use of ad hoc versus institutional arbitration; the international instruments governing arbitration in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea; the shipping industry's pursuit of self-regulation via standard form contracts; the arbitration agreement contained in standard form charterparties and bills of lading; maritime arbitration's unique approach to judicial review, confidentiality, and arbitrator impartiality; the specific dispute resolution objectives that compel a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats; and the future of maritime arbitration in light of international political, financial, and technological developments. In addition to the three main maritime arbitral seats, the analysis touches on maritime arbitration in other relevant jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Greece, Japan, and Korea, thus affording a comparison of the process in common and civil law jurisdictions. The book concludes by considering the potential impact of the current international political landscape, and suggesting future perspectives and research in international maritime arbitration. An important addition to scholarship in this field of law, the book's thorough assessment of the merits of the competing maritime arbitral seats—and its specific focus on maritime disputes—will prove of significant importance to arbitrators, law firms, in-house counsel of shipping companies, international organizations, and arbitration institutions and associations. Practitioners will discover all tools necessary to examine any case before the main maritime arbitral seats with full awareness of each applicable legal regime and its distinguishing features.

Debattista on Bills of Lading in Commodity Trade provides not so much a linear road-map as a GPS system, allowing the reader to locate which aspect of the bill of lading is central to the dispute they are dealing with and evaluating that aspect from the perspective of each of: (1) the contract of sale; (2) carriage contract and (3) letter of credit. The title examines questions such as:How can a buyer ensure in their sale contract that the bill of lading the buyer receives from the seller gives them secure title to sue the carrier?What impact does the choice of a particular Incoterms rule have on whom the carrier can sue under the contract of carriage?Where there is a claim by a buyer/cargo-claimant for loss, damage or delay to goods, must they factor any gains or benefits made under the sale contract claim/settlement into the quantum claimed in the cargo-claim against the carrier?What is a'charterparty bill of lading'- and can it be tendered under a letter of credit?When and why might a seller need to “switch” bills of lading for its buyer or its bank - and does the seller have a right to demand the switching of bills under the Hague-Visby Rules?All of these questions – and many others like them – cut across areas of law normally siloed in academic and practitioner texts. The purpose of this title is to make links and draw out connections, with a view to assisting lawyers when a dispute arises – and others drafting different contracts seeking to avoid problems arising in the first place. The fourth edition of this work, now bearing a new title and benefitting from the arrival of a co-author, has been fully revised to take account of case-law and regulatory developments in the twelve years since the last edition.This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Maritime and Shipping Law online service.

Bills of lading form an essential part of the carriage of goods by sea and international trade. Their multi-functional nature, together with the large volume of case law and regulation, make the law in this field as complex as it is commercially vital. This bestselling book, now in its third edition, provides a detailed analysis of the law and practice applicable to bills of lading before, during, and after shipment, helping today's busy practitioner to quickly and easily find the information they need.This book has been fully revised and updated with all the major developments, including: reference to increasingly important Singapore and Far-Eastern decisions; an analysis of modern developments in seaworthiness, from vetting and approval clauses to the topical issues of vulnerability and piracy attacks; detailed examination of misdelivery, fraudulent or forged bills of lading, and delivery without production of a bill of lading; revised coverage of conflicts and procedural matters, including anti-suit injunctions, jurisdiction battles, and the scope of arbitration; reference to relevant European law relating to issues of jurisdiction and procedure; comprehensive treatment of switch bills, transhipment, house bills, deck carriage, and container cargo; and new material on the practical implications of electronic bills of lading, and the implications of automated vessels.This text continues to provide an indispensable reference for maritime practitioners and institutions worldwide.

Bringing a fresh, comparative approach to transport documents used in the carriage of goods by sea, this book covers bills of lading, sea waybills, ship's delivery orders, multimodal transport documents, and electronic transport documents. The book covers historic developments, current conventions, and thoughts for the future on these transport documents; and delves deeply into the legal issues concerning them. It represents a comprehensive compilation of case and statute law from around the world on this subject. In addition to English law, the book covers American, French, German, and Italian laws, as well as the laws of several East Asian jurisdictions (China, Japan, South Korea). Primarily, the book will be of use to maritime law scholars and students, and lawyers who deal with shipping. It may also be of interest to international traders, banks, and ship masters and officers.

This book examines third party protection in shipping. Today, shipping is not just a part of the supply chain; it is indistinguishable from it. Once at the periphery, third party protection is now a central element of carriage. This matter is addressed by means of analysis of the current legal framework in relation to third parties and an evaluation of how, within this framework, the law applicable to a third party may be uncovered.Third party protection is analysed under the following: the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules; the Hamburg Rules; the Rotterdam Rules; English law and United States law; and civil law. With its breadth of coverage and high-quality analysis, this book is vital reading for both professional and academic readers with an interest in shipping and international trade.

The carriage of goods by sea starts off with a contract of carriage, an essentially simple and straightforward contract between two parties, the shipper and the carrier. Very often, however, a bill of lading is issued and a third party appears on the scene: the holder of the bill of lading. The holder was not involved in the making of the contract of carriage, but does have rights, and possibly obligations, against the carrier at destination. The question then is how the third-party holder of the bill acquires those rights and obligations.Analysing the different theories that have been proposed to explain the position of the third party holder, this book makes a distinction between contractual theories and non-contractual theories to explain the holder's position. Contractual theories build on the initial contract of carriage and apply contract law mechanisms while non-contractual theories construe the position of the third-party holder independently. Following the analysis and appraisal of the different theories, this book makes the case that the position of the third-party holder of the bill of lading is not obvious or self-evident; and submits that a statutory approach to the position of the holder of the bill of lading has advantages and would be preferable.

Transportation facilities are a necessary part of a country's infrastructure. Efficient traveling and transportation of production and consumption goods are necessary requirements for competent trading within and across states. Transport networks are at the heart of the supply chain and are the foundation of any country's economy by permitting goods to be distributed effectively and people to travel. Transport is a foundation of the European integration procedure and is firmly correlated to the formation and completion of the internal market, sponsoring jobs and economic growth. Conventionally, the document comprising the contract of carriage is either a charter party or a bill of lading, depending on the way in which the vessel has been employed. Other documents in the form of a multimodal/combined bill of lading may be issued as well. These two forms of contracts are discernible. A bill of lading is a contract with regard to the cargo, whereas a charter party is a contract concerning the vessel. Ocean bills of lading have an inherent value as security to banks that finance the sale of the underlying cargo or the documents themselves, and they enable their lawful holders to sell the cargo while in transit by transfer of the document. The key obstacles in the employment of paperless bills of lading and other transportation documents take account of the law's insistence on paper-based documentation, written signatures, and out of date transport and secured transaction laws. The bill of lading is the used document by shippers, carriers, and banks, and so is an indispensable part of the set of documents needed in documenting the operation. Customarily the “transaction documents” consist of, inter alia, the bill of lading, the marine insurance policy, and the commercial invoice, each of which epitomizes components of the contracts of carriage, insurance, and sale. The significance of maritime documents is confirmed by the fact that some eighty percent of total commodities are transported globally by sea. A bill of lading has commonly been said to have three characteristics: 1) A contract for the carriage of the goods; 2) an acknowledgement of their receipt; and 3) documentary evidence of the title. The bill of lading is a commercial document. Nevertheless, there is an uncertainty and dispute about its contractual nature.

Probably the core characteristic of a bill of lading is that the original bill of lading must be presented at the port of destination for a consignee to be entitled to delivery of the goods and for the carrier to get a good discharge of its delivery obligation by delivering the goods to said consignee. This notion is accepted virtually worldwide, but the more precise content of the'presentation rule'differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Furthermore, and of importance, the legal basis establishing the'presentation rule'differs.With the technological advances in maritime transport as well as in communications technology and the emergence of more complicated trading patterns, a system where a specific tangible piece of paper issued at the port of loading has to be presented at the port of discharge to obtain delivery of the goods seems almost archaic and can obviously create problems. Thus, in practice very often – especially in some trades such as the oil trade – the bill of lading is not available at the port of discharge when the ship is ready to deliver the cargo.The book will first analyse the'presentation rule', its finer contents and its legal basis. It will then go on with (legal) analyses of three developments and responses to the problems that the bill of lading system gives rise to in practice, viz. the commercial, the international legislature's, and the technological response. The commercial response analysed here consists of contractual exemption or limitation clauses in the bill of lading set up as a defence against claims for misdelivery. The international legislature's response denotes the adoption of the Rotterdam Rules which as the first international convention on carriage of goods by sea includes elaborate rules on delivery of the goods. Finally, the technological response denotes the possibility of using electronic (equivalents of) bills of lading. The analyses will include a comparative approach examining both English and Scandinavian law to elucidate the issues with greater clarity.

This book addresses the legal and contractual obligations of sea carriers regarding due care for the cargo under a contract of carriage. While the general framework employed is the leading international liability regime, the Hague-Visby Rules, the discussions in each chapter also account for the possible future adoption of a new regime, the Rotterdam Rules. The subject matter concerns the standard for the duty of care for goods as codified in the Hague-Visby Rules, but the work also touches upon a wide range of related topics found both in law and in practice, providing valuable commercial, technical and historical links as well as various solutions that have been found at the national and international level to address challenges arising in this specialised area of law. The book is divided into six chapters, which gradually reveal the complexity of the topic. Chapter 1 provides a thorough introduction to the two main transport documents in use, and to the basic logic behind shipping, sea-going trade and related national and international legislation. In turn, Chapter 2 presents an overview of the relevant provisions of the Hague-Visby Rules. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 examine the problems arising out of the insertion of a FIOS(T) clause in the contract of carriage; the carriage of goods on deck; and the carriage of goods in containers, respectively. Lastly, Chapter 6 provides an overall conclusion on the legal status quo and current practice, as well as future prospects. The book was written with a number of potential readers in mind and is intended to open up the topic to a broader audience. It is suitable both for readers who wish to advance their learning (e.g. professionals, practitioners and postgraduates) and for readers with little or no prior knowledge of the topic (e.g. students and researchers).

Bills of Lading form an essential part of the carriage of goods by sea and international trade. Their multi-functional nature, together with the large volume of case law and regulation, make the law in this field as complex is it is commercially vital. This bestselling book provides a detailed analysis of the law and practice applicable to bills of lading before, during and after shipment, helping today's busy practitioner to quickly and easily find the information they need. This book has been fully revised and updated with all of the major developments since its first edition, including: Reference to increasingly important Singapore and Far-Eastern decisions An analysis of modern developments in seaworthiness, from vetting and approval clauses to the topical issues of vulnerability and piracy attacks Detailed examination of misdelivery, fraudulent or forged bills of lading, and delivery without production of a bill of lading Revised coverage of conflicts and procedural matters, including anti-suit injunctions, jurisdiction battles and the scope of arbitration Reference to relevant European law relating to issues of jurisdiction and procedure Comprehensive treatment of Switched bills, transhipment, house bills, deck carriage and container cargo New material on the practical implications of electronic bills of lading This text continues to provide an indispensable reference for maritime practitioners and institutions worldwide.

Bills of Lading: Law and Contracts provides a detailed legal analysis of common standard form clauses in bills of lading (and waybills) which are in use in the maritime world, as well as a comprehensive examination of the legal principles which are applicable to them. Bills of Lading: Law and Contracts provides a detailed legal analysis of standard form clauses in bills of lading (and waybills) which are in use in the maritime world, as well as a comprehensive examination of the legal principles which are applicable to them.