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This paper identifies the need for a pedagogical re-orientation in UK higher education to prepare graduates to overcome wicked problems. In addition to key knowledge sets, graduates need attributes of critical self-reflection, risk-awareness and management, collaboration, creativity, agility, reflexivity – enabling the ability to manage the unknown. In response, researchers have acknowledged the importance of pedagogies that are risk-oriented, creative, and reflective to remedy modernist banking methods. This paper acknowledges that while such pedagogies are underutilised, an antagonistic dichotomy between modernist banking methods (bad) and enquiry and risk-oriented approaches (good) is unhelpful as both approaches are necessary. This paper develops a metamodern framework to guide pedagogic practices to facilitate a disposition among learning strategists and practitioners which embraces oscillation between banking and radical pedagogic approaches. In turn this enables the development of student sensibilities, empowering them to challenge the growing wickedness with which they must do battle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices affect TL development. They also vary between individuals. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So far, WTC has not been studied in multilingual contexts, or using individual-level longitudinal designs. Employing a single-case, time-serial design and focused on a critical period of TL growth, this study explores WTC trajectories of adult learners of Swedish for whom the TL and English provide viable communication options in community interaction. Change point and moving window correlational analyses reveal the operation of mutually interacting influences that shape WTC and have system-level effects. With light shed on processes at the developmental timescale, findings are discussed in the context of language choice, co-evolution, and the trait–state dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is continued pressure on universities to develop future-oriented graduates given documented skill gaps and global talent shortages. Although work experience supports work-readiness and is prioritised among graduate employers, little is known about the labour market gains from student employment compared to work experience embedded within the curriculum (e.g. internship or work placement), and how one may influence the other. Drawing on the lens of capital resources and signalling theory, this study uses national survey data from 152,226 recent Australian graduates to examine the relationship between student employment, in-curricular work experience and labour market outcomes. The findings affirm the high incidence of student employment and distinctions in labour market effects by type of work undertaken during study. Student employment influenced participation in embedded work experience and other employability-building activities facilitated by universities. Taking part in in-curricular work experience led to clear labour market gains, irrespective of the type of employment students engaged in during their university years. This paper discusses important implications for universities striving to develop student employability and achieve more uniform graduate employment outcomes among diverse cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of organisational culture in supporting organisational outcomes is well documented in the further education (FE) sector within the UK. The benefits of a strong and unifying culture are recognised as having a positive impact on staff and students. However, a cultural institutional dichotomy has been acknowledged between the business and educational needs of colleges within the FE sector since the advent of incorporation in 1993. This paper utilised an interpretive, hermeneutical approach to analyse the perceptions of principals, middle leaders and teachers, within three general further education colleges (GFECs) in England to determine if that dichotomy exists in their current operating environment. The paper concludes that while there are elements of a clash of business and education ideals, general further education college (GFEC) culture has moved beyond the narrative of being corporate and driven solely by the concept of performativity. The article contributes to the ongoing debate on FE purpose and establishes the importance of aligning macro and subcultures into a set of professional working practices within GFECs to support positive student outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the markedness constraints and constraint rankings responsible for limiting the Classical Arabic metra to a unique group of eight. To that end, the proposed account assumes the cross-linguistically usame basic principles and devices tilised for the analysis of word-stress in natural languages. Mainly, constraints interpreting boundedness, headedness, quantity-sensitivity, exhaustivity, and extrametricality are formalised and ranked classic arabic assess constituency and metrical parsing. In particular, requirements on binarity applying on different levels of the metrical structure will demarcate the maximality and minimality boundaries for constituent moraicity and eventually define the domain for the metron. Other requirements on constituent headedness will distinguish the first seven of the eight metra as most harmonious. Like Sanskrit or Ancient Greek, Classical Arabic metre is basically considered to be quantitative, where weight mostly regulates the mapping to strong positions. Crucially, such mapping is established through a set of constraints unravelling the intrinsic prominence associated with the form of the uneven iamb, which features in the first seven metra, ruling out any implausible candidates that are possibly configured within that binarity domain. On another dimension, head verse foot non-finality, or more generally non-peripherality, coupled with final light syllable extrametricality create the environment for optimising the eighth metron, the final syllable of which is light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a teacher in Arizona advocating for the centering of hybridity in language arts classrooms as a form of resistance against political and social polarization. Topics discussed include the theoretical framework of hybridity and borderlands theory, the impact of false dichotomies on students, and practical curricular actions to support student identity and criticality.

For a µ;n dichotomic systems generalization of Palmer's lemma was proved. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of bounded on the whole axis solutions and quasisolutions that minimize the residual norm were obtained. Index of the corresponding operator was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While addressing the decolonial critique of Eurocentric modernity and the call for alternative cosmo-visions, this article retraces Juri Lotman's culturological exploration towards the concept of ternarity [mephaphocmb]: the scrutiny of the so-called binarism is what connects - without overlapping - the two perspectives. This long-distance dialogue will be built starting with the key notion of binary opposition, which will be analysed as a decolonial problem (Part I) and as a culturological problem (Part II). The analysis will focus on two central issues that stem from the either-or logic: the "othering mindset", and the culture-nature dualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores ways trans and gender-nonconforming athletes navigate a sense of relational (un)belonging in sport contexts. Our research reveals dialectic movements between feelings of inclusion/exclusion juxtaposed with the structural being of inclusion/exclusion. More specifically, the feeling of inclusion/exclusion gestures to individual sensed experiences of (un)belonging, while the being of inclusion/exclusion anchors a participant's individual affective experience navigating binarism vis-à-vis administrative constraints. Taken together, two dialectics—feeling included ↔ being excluded and its dialectic reversal feeling excluded ↔ being included—communicatively constitute what we theorize as "trans relational ambivalences," which mediate a sense of relational (un)belonging in sport contexts. Our findings implicate settler modes of relating across gender difference, revealing a problem of modernity. Specifically, we reveal a problem in which settler coloniality's ontological foreclosure on multiplicities produce the communicative effect of individuation. In this regard, our analysis holds inclusion in dialectic tension with exclusion such that the affective experience of one cannot be understood without the structural enactment of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on an examination of the academic production on the issue between 2007 and 2021, identifies the coincidences, limitations, and challenges of addressing the human rights of intersexuality in Latin America. Intersexuality questions essentialisms and perspectives on sex and gender, and the limits of what is defined as "human," which poses a challenge for states and human rights organizations. It concludes with the current problems of rights, related to the lack of public policies, the absence of protection mechanisms and the need to include the psychosocial approach to address rights violations and comprehensive redress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds upon existing scholarship concerning the relationship between improvisation and composition. Sections 1 to 3 comprise an exploration into and analysis of both the traditional understanding of improvisation and composition as opposing categories, as well as the more modern, nuanced view of their interpenetrating natures. I conclude that the former view should be replaced by the latter. Sections 4 and 5 present and subsequently negate two potential failings of my argument. First, I confront the problem posed by Goehr's work-concept, whose essence is opposed to the spirit of improvisation, but argue that recording allows for the solidification of these improvisations into works. Secondly, I undermine the view that composition is creation ex nihilo whilst improvisation is the mere reworking of old material. I uncover the originality of improvisation and formulae of composition to restore their compatibility and reinforce improvisation's status as a method of broad- and narrow-sense composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has suggested that a rigid dichotomy between small and professional talk is misleading given the porous nature of 'types' of talk. Yet, other research considers this distinction helpful in understanding the functions of talk in situated contexts. This article contributes to this discussion by discussing one type of small talk—co-topical small talk (CST). Drawing from Hudak and Maynard's (2011) understanding of CST as talk that combines instrumental and small talk, we further discuss the bigness of such talk in holistic medical encounters. Specifically, we focus on the ambiguity embedded in participants' turns that allows the navigation of topics between the small/big talk distinctions. We use Conversation Analysis focusing on a routine traditional Chinese medicine doctor–patient encounter. Our data present a case where CST comfortably and appropriately emerges and develops into extensive troubles talk that forms the main activity in caring for older adults. We conclude that the smallness/bigness of talk is determined by the nature of the context and the relevancy of the topic to the encounter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is monoracialism un/learned from generation to generation? In this duoethnography, the co-authors engage in reflexive letter writing to purposefully connect their personal relationships with Aeriel's daughter, Azaelea, to their academic ideas as poststructural scholars. In doing so, they practice letting go of inherited dichotomies (such as mother versus scholar), lean into expansive ontoepistemological possibilities informed by their both/and positionalities as mama-scholar and auntie-scholar, in order to dream of expansive, healing, and liberatory futures that can emerge from connecting across difference, listening with raw openness, and pursuing radical interrelatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Anglo-Irish representations and postcolonial discourse in J. S. Le Fanu's "The familiar" and antagonism is reflected in how the dichotomy self versus other is portrayed in Gothic literature. It mentions Gothic literature would constitute an examination of how identities, both individual and shared, are formed. It also mentions state of the Anglo-Irish class as colonizers but not quite fostering a cultural blending between the Catholic and the Protestant communities.

In this paper, I review developments in discussions of fiction and emotion over the last decade concerning both the descriptive question of how to classify fiction-directed emotions and the normative question of how to evaluate those emotions. Although many advances have been made on these topics, a mistaken assumption is still common: that we must hold either that fiction-directed emotions are (empirically or normatively) the same as other emotions, or that they are different. I argue that we should reject this dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on contemporary proliferation of queer and trans identities. Topics include compulsory repetition of gender norms, contemporary queer, and trans culture investing strongly in the notion of gender identity; and identifying divergence, binarism, and autology as the four logics driving the historical production of new categories of gender and sexuality.

• Current models of attention hypothesize three distinct mechanisms of control. • Shortcomings of tripartite models of attentional control are discussed. • Next, a broader theme governing the control of attention is explored. • A monolithic theory centered on this broader theme is proposed. • Implications of the proposed theory and its explanatory power are explored. The control of attention was long held to reflect the influence of two competing mechanisms of assigning priority, one goal-directed and the other stimulus-driven. Learning-dependent influences on the control of attention that could not be attributed to either of those two established mechanisms of control gave rise to the concept of selection history and a corresponding third mechanism of attentional control. The trichotomy framework that ensued has come to dominate theories of attentional control over the past decade, replacing the historical dichotomy. In this theoretical review, I readily affirm that distinctions between the influence of goals, salience, and selection history are substantive and meaningful, and that abandoning the dichotomy between goal-directed and stimulus-driven mechanisms of control was appropriate. I do, however, question whether a theoretical trichotomy is the right answer to the problem posed by selection history. If we reframe the influence of goals and selection history as different flavors of memory-dependent modulations of attentional priority and if we characterize the influence of salience as a consequence of insufficient competition from such memory-dependent sources of priority, it is possible to account for a wide range of attention-related phenomena with only one mechanism of control. The monolithic framework for the control of attention that I propose offers several concrete advantages over a trichotomy framework, which I explore here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how photographs selected from an archive represent the Cham ethnic group. It argues that portrait photographs provide a useful analytical focus for critiquing ethnonational categories and their visual representations. Cham live across Southeast Asia, speak a Malayo-Polynesian language and exemplify the global and protracted nature of forced displacement. Little unites them beyond their self-identification as such, and their minority status in every country they call home. The article examines the extent to which selected photographs engage with and challenge dominant depictions of Cham ethnicity as a basis for considering an alternative approach to belonging that is not bound to the dichotomy of self and other. It concludes that the materiality of the sea holds greater potential to capture the emotional and atemporal elements of living as a migrant or an ethnic minority than analyses trapped within the linear and bounded spatiotemporal frames that create those conceptual categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript presents a review of the theoretical perspectives on intersections and crossings which have opened up discussion on intersections, hybridities, mixtures and fluidities. To the existing field of gender studies, we propose to add the theoretical trajectories of crossing in order to open them up to dialogue, and to apply them in dialogue critically and creatively. We review intelectual proposals from different areas of knowledge: Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Néstor García Canclini, Hommi Bhabha and Nancy Fraser; our aim is to tension the sex-gender normativities which prevail in our cultural order, and which are the basis on which the pluralities which form a part of social life are excluded. The works referred to share this critical attitude to binary thinking: a de-idealisation of the pure, the native, identity, fixedness, the monolithic subject. They do not believe in the fixed categories of modernity, but share the perspective of dynamism, flows and the permanent reconfiguration of otherness/alterity. Our reading of intellectuals translates into some proposals --and questions-- to extend the theoretical-conceptual corpus in the field of gender studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses British author Marion Milner's views on embodiment in her autobiographical, theoretical, and clinical work. She considers body attention a state in which consciousness is suffused in the lived body and redeeming the body as the dialectic reunion of mind and body. In her writings, she invokes a series of longstanding and interconnected binary oppositions in Western thought between male and female, mind and body, and rationality and irrationality.

Between November 1891 and June 1893, as famine spread to seventeen provinces in European Russia, Tolstoy headed a famine aid project that ensured the survival of thousands of people: a network of communal kitchens. His writing from the time reveals that his approach to famine relief was informed by scientific debate between Russian and British thinkers about "the struggle for existence" and the dichotomy of competition versus cooperation--a debate in which, not coincidentally, Russian naturalists agreed with anarchists on the primacy of "the law of mutual aid." Mutual aid is cited and coded in Tolstoy's writing and, ultimately, I argue, informed not only his theory of social change but also the role and mechanisms by which art enables social change. In his essays about the famine, Tolstoy developed a theory of change through a form of famine aid that "infects" those it involves, so that vulnerability, risk, and moral benefits are more evenly distributed across the community, ensuring its survival and moral flourishing. This theory of "infectious" transformation reappears in What Is Art?, making possible the analysis of similarities between mutual aid and aesthetic experience--both operate via horizontal transmission of inspiration that Tolstoy describes as "infectious." Tolstoy's discussion of the communal kitchen is revisited in this paper in light of new scholarship exploring infectiousness, the ongoing Coronavirus epidemic, and increasing public attention to mutual aid. Contemporary mutual aid groups share common roots with Tolstoy's famine aid, hearkening back to early modern mutual and friendly societies and Quaker relief systems, to the settlement house movement, and later the Catholic Worker Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For diasporic communities, beyond the obvious dichotomy between the home language and the language used by the host community, there lie the complexities of language use and language ideologies related to standard and non-standard versions spoken by the community members. These complexities galvanise various attitudes performed through linguistic as well as behavioural choices. The current study aims to present language ideologies prevalent among adults in Turkish complementary schools in London and young people's responses to these. Adopting a micro-ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observations at a Turkish complementary school in London over a period of 13 months. In addition, individual unstructured interviews were conducted with teachers, parents and young people attending the school, and recordings of naturally occurring conversations within the school were made. The results of the analysis indicated that the standard vs. non-standard dichotomy in relation to the Turkish language varieties were built around a discourse of legitimate vs. incorrect/broken language use by the teachers, which was then resisted in various ways by the young people. Young people's responses to their teachers' language teaching practices raise alternative discourses around the legitimacy of Standard Turkish and the (de)legitimacy of Cypriot Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the ongoing debate about the informational status of attitudinal content with a focus on verbal irony. Specifically, we investigate where the different meaning components involved in ironic utterances are positioned in the dichotomy between primary and secondary content of utterances. After an analysis of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of ironic meaning components and their linguistic expression, we show, based on experimental data, that ironic, non-literally asserted content is "less" at-issue than non-ironic, literally asserted content. Crucially, our findings also suggest that an ironic utterance's non-literally asserted content is more at-issue than the attitudinal content expressed with an ironic utterance. No difference is observed between attitudinal content manifested as ironic criticism and content manifested as ironic praise. Our findings support the notion of at-issueness as a graded criterion and can be used to argue that verbal irony in general seems to be difficult to reject directly and treated as at-issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the representation of queerness in reverse harem manga/anime. The first part of the article examines the problematic depictions of queer characters in Sensual Phrase by Shinjō Mayu and Fushigi Yûgi by Watase Yuu. My argument is that, although the queer characters in Shinjō's and Watase's works appear to crystallise the notion of gender fluidity, they still reinforce binarism and fixed gender roles. In other words, queerness in these two manga is merely ornamental. These queer characters are only meant to highlight idealised femininity, which is commonly ascribed to female protagonists in shōjo manga and anime. Apart from the two works mentioned, I will also analyse Cardcaptor Sakura, a shōjo manga series by Clamp. I shall contend that, in comparison with the other two works, Cardcaptor Sakura, which contains some elements typically found in the harem genre, proves to be more revolutionary in the way it plays with queerness and gender fluidity. While the characters who epitomise queerness in Cardcaptor Sakura show their love towards the protagonist like other queer or gay characters in the reverse harem genre, these characters gain more autonomy in their romantic pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, it is often thought that the decision of whether to impose a constructive trust invariably attracts the exercise of remedial discretion. This article argues that, in reality, the exercise of discretion is highly circumscribed. Further, where such discretion is exercised, it is useful to distinguish between cases where judges take into account factors affecting justice inter partes, and those where judges also take third party considerations into account. The latter sort of discretion has, to date, only been exercised systemically in one factual scenario. This revelation provides reason to reflect on the status of certain High Court dicta, the relevance of the 'institutional'-'remedial' constructive trust dichotomy, and the relationship between rights and remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of personal pronouns we and they in building a community with a shared future in President Xi Jinping's 61 diplomatic texts from 2013 to 2018. Adopting systemic functional linguistics and positive discourse analysis, the complementarity instead of opposition of the two personal pronouns are discussed under a holistic view with diverse category relations generated through ambiguous use (i.e. inclusion and exclusion) to explain how the community is discursively construed. The "Self/Other" dichotomy is replaced by a cline with we and they intertwined. The wandering use within and across each personal pronoun in the discourse contributes to the construction of the community with a shared future on four different levels, i.e. that for Chinese nation, for two countries, for a region and for mankind, with contextual consideration examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay looks at the relationship between art and witnessing, focusing on two works which take the Vietnam War as their subject: the novel, The Things They Carried, by Tim O'Brien (1990), and the photograph, Saigon Execution, by Eddie Adams (1968). It is proposed that the works' nature as aesthetic objects compromises their status as historical representation. In each instance, the stylistic devices that the medium make available are invariably serviced for purposes of effect rather than those of document. In this pursuit of effect, impact is realized according to an invocation of the binary oppositions that determine logocentric hierarchies. Contrived in such a manner, the works fail to testify to the historically unique event, instead they merely render confirmation of a conventional and privileged centrality. Their operations appear incapable of extending beyond the closed aesthetic circuit of their genre and medium. As such, it is suggested that the genre of testimony-as-art bears no uniquely proximal relationship to historical reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of parody has fluctuated through its history, from a rhetoric restriction to a conceptual enlargement which has ended up turning it into a metonym of literariness; therefore, the aim of our study is to offer a delimitation of parody based on a pragmatic reconsideration that evince its textual, interpretative and intentional traits, and to explain it as an illocutionary force nested in the uses, effects and functions of language. Parody will be analysed as a formula of appropriation and rewriting; as a specific use of the literary language with three essential elements: hypertrophy, double reading and intentionality. Thus, the parody will be defined as a functional and autoreferential deviation that, by mean of its dichotomy of familiarisation and defamiliarisation, exceeds the literal text in order to reconsider the notion of literature and, broadly speaking, of any artistic code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main concern of this article is a close study of Anne Bradstreet's recurrent focus in her poetry on health and healing in the physical and spiritual sense. For the Puritans in Bradstreet's colonial New England, physical afflictions meant God's trials closely associated with guilt and moral depravity. On the other hand, good health was commonly considered to be an indication of spiritual purity and redemption from sinfulness. It was therefore interpreted as a reward from God. In this regard, Bradstreet's poetry, which embodies various allusions and explicit evidence, recurrently gestures to this fundamental Puritan dichotomy of illness and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I consider the presence of negative space in the form of imaginative listening spaces in Chantal Akerman's documentary South (1999). This article examines the workings of memory and imagination from an auditory perspective, aided by two conceptions of the imagination, set out by Hannah Arendt and Toni Morrison, which I equate to a process of listening. Focusing my attention on the 'inverted face' or 'back' of the face-to-face encounter, my study brings together Don Ihde's work on relative silence and the auditory imagination, Max Silverman's concept of 'palimpsestic memory' and Sara Ahmed's theorizing of a 'politics of sides'. It suggests that a polyphonic mode of listening is required if the spectator is to see with doubled vision, beyond a racialized dichotomy, thereby gaining access to the 'non-forms' of hidden voices, stories and histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pushes back against the Democritean-Newtonian tradition of assuming a strict conceptual dichotomy between spacetime and matter. Our approach proceeds via the more narrow distinction between modified gravity/spacetime (MG) and dark matter (DM). A prequel paper argued that the novel field Φ postulated by Berezhiani and Khoury's 'superfluid dark matter theory' is as much (dark) matter as anything could possibly be, but also—below the critical temperature for superfluidity—as much (of a modification of) spacetime as anything could possibly be. Here we introduce and critically evaluate three groups of interpretations that one should consider for such Janus-faced theories. The consubstantiality interpretation holds that Φ is both (dark) matter and a modification of spacetime, analogously to the sense in which Jesus (according to catholicism) is both human and god. The fundamendalist interpretations consider for each of these roles whether they are instantiated fundamentally or emergently. The breakdown interpretations focus on the question of whether Φ signals the breakdown, in some sense to be specified, of the MG-DM dichotomy and perhaps even the broader spacetime–matter distinction. More generally, it is argued that hybrid theories urge a move towards a single space of theories, rather than two separate spaces of spacetime theories and matter theories, respectively. • The spacetime-matter distinction is critically examined via the dark matter/modified gravity distinction. • Prequel paper: the new scalar field in superfluid dark matter theory is fully (dark) matter and fully (an aspect of) spacetime. • This paper provides a chart of philosophical interpretations for such fields, structured into three groups. • Hybrid theories urge a move towards a single space of theories, rather than two separate spaces of spacetime and matter theories and matter theories, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaspora diplomacy blurs the traditional conceptual dichotomies that map domestic and foreign policymaking efforts. Addressing how such distinctions are varyingly produced requires greater engagement with the way that diplomatic practice modulates the associations between belonging, nation and territory. This paper applies a semiotic analysis to a case study of the images circulated through the social media campaigns of the India Development Foundation of Overseas Indian (IDF-OI) between 2016 and 2017, a quasi-governmental organisation tasked with channelling diaspora philanthropy into state and national social and development projects. It shows that the connotative potential of images simultaneously positioned Indian diasporas as territorial stakeholders within these domestic agendas, whilst also generating performative representations of the diaspora as an extra-territorial global public. It argues that the images circulated through the IDF-OI's digital platforms legitimised those particular voices that served both ideas, thereby empowering those with existing structural advantages. This paper suggests that with the increased use of social media in diaspora diplomacy, scholarship should engage with the richness of online platforms and the ambiguity of images as a specific component of those spaces, to better understand how diasporas are mobilised as non-state actors in contemporary international political affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes mobile AR installations in order to demonstrate different strategies for producing a relational sense of place and time. These installations combine multiple narratives in situ; thus, they reshape existing perceptions and influence national identities. By means of exposing actual environments as constructed and therefore as virtual landscapes, mobile AR art exposes our situatedness and becomes a strong tool for activism as it encourages us to think beyond familiar, material reality. As such, it rejects an absolute perception of reality and reconfigures it as a relational domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holocaust literature has often been described as producing disruption and estrangement. As the Holocaust challenges traditional forms of expression, writers have used alternative techniques, sometimes blurring genres and registers. This is the case with Holocaust narratives that rewrite fairy tales or use fairy-tale motifs and structures: they produce an estrangement effect in that their intertexts are defamiliarised as a strategy for opening up the possibilities of representation. This article focuses on three works of this kind, by authors Lisa Goldstein, Louise Murphy and Rachel Seiffert. Specifically, it considers how they constitute an alternative to the sanctioned metanarrative of the Holocaust, which is victim centred and facilitates the reader's empathy. Indeed, the works discussed here complicate the categories of victim and perpetrator, thus problematising our engagement with the characters in a way that furthers the abovementioned estrangement effect. Attention is paid to the role played by secrecy in each narrative, as I contend that it is the secret and its effects in the diegesis that keep the characters at a distance, "estranged" from the reader. This distance precludes easy identification and invites critical discussion on the limitations of familiar categories and binaries, such as the victim/victimiser opposition and the public/secret dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the representation of the figure of the effeminate boy in two contemporary adolescent novels written in Chinese which break the silence in addressing alternative gender and sexual identities. In A Beautiful Heart, the transsexual and homosexual tendencies evinced by an effeminate boy are treated as forms of sexual perversion to be cured through professional psychotherapy. The narrative's tensions and contradictions, however, call into question the reductive discourse of pathology. Such questioning unsettles, but does not subvert, the text's explicit conservatism, nor does it attribute legitimacy to queer identities. The Dream of A Beautiful Lad, on the other hand, sets out expressly to interrogate and shatter the monopoly of received opinions about boyhood, gender, maturity and adulthood. In presenting cases of gender nonconformity, however, the text reveals its own complicity in binarism, carrying with it strong traces of androgynous humanism which, in its intention to validate queer existence, is inevitably coloured by heteronormative and heterosexist prejudices. It is concluded that the various forms of gender-crossing and trans-phenomena represented as accompanying queer boyhood do not necessarily entail transcendence or subversion. The figure of the effeminate boy is nonetheless a welcome presence in children's and adolescent literature, unleashing possibilities for resistance and intervention in a rigidly gender-defined society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jurisprudence Lecture, delivered by Ayelet Shachar, challenges the established dichotomy between open and closed borders, showing that one of the most remarkable developments of recent years is that borders are simultaneously both more open and more closed. Membership boundaries are not fixed or static. Instead, they expand or shrink, selectively and strategically, depending on the target populations they encounter. Moving beyond the open-closed binary, Shachar conceptualises a far more dynamic, multifaceted, and kaleidoscopic process, which we might call the grand transformation of citizenship. Drawing on a rich set of comparative examples, this article explores three intersecting yet analytically distinct dimensions of the realignment of citizenship: the territorial, the cultural, and the economic. This framework of analysis highlights the interconnected facets driving this transformation, and considers the puzzles that emerge when we think about them in tandem. The moving parts that together comprise this transformation generate novel strategic possibilities for the state, which in turn creates new latitudes for the few and new restrictions for the many. Shachar's goal, ambitious from the start, is to engage in theory-building by articulating the form and function of each of these facets of transformation. She further demonstrates how their variable combinations intermingle to police and restrict (or alternatively, relax and facilitate) access to membership in a globalising world, determining who may overcome the odds in the birthright lottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike many dominant images of thought that are centered on searching for foundations whose coherence is found in binary logics or biunivocal relations, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's philosophy constitutes a way of thinking through machines that produce pure multiplicities by virtue of intensive differences. What is important with regards to machines is to refrain from any attempt at defining or understanding them--they cannot be delimited and are a-signifying--and to try to make them work, such that various flows of thought may circulate through them, intermingling with and interrupting each other. Even though any machine groups together many heterogeneous elements, literary machines are interesting insofar as they can reach a level of the fragmentary whereby the determinant potency of intensive differences can be expressed. This article experiments with Maurice Blanchot's literary machine--especially with his idea of the neuter--to discover operations that could help to dismantle the foundations (paradigms, bivalences, binarisms) of dominant images of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the representations of the Araucanian world in Lucio V. Mansilla’s Una excursión a los indios ranqueles, a travel story published in Buenos Aires in 1870. Drawing on a discursive and argumentative approach, the article analyses and explores how, via the different ethos set out in the story, e.g. that of the ethnographer, the philologist, the politician, the soldier and the literary man; as well as through his description of the indigenous world, Mansilla tries to denounce the dichotomy barbarism-civilization. Based on his own experience with the Ranquele Indians, Mansilla establishes a series of analogies between the discursive interactions of the Ranqueles and the political modalities of the “civilized” world, that reveals a subtle understanding of all the language dimensions. In his description, which could be that of a contemporary discourse analyst, the Ranqueles are portrayed as being on par with any Argentinean politician. However, Mansilla’s discursive universe, which is that of a cultured and literate politician of his time, and the mixed audience he targets, result in a rather heterogeneous vision of the indigenous world whose impending extermination he is trying to prevent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to many historians and sociologists, mass consumption did not arrive in Canada until the 1950s or even the 1960s. However, this article shows that consumption by low-wage earners in the Canadian metropolis of Montreal was already beginning to transform and expand during the interwar period. As much as consumers, government helped drive these changes by relaxing the legal framework regulating credit practices as well as relations between small debtors and their creditors. The growing use of consumer credit by working-class families was at the heart of these transformations. In this article, the files of depositors placed under the protection of the Lacombe Act provide a unique window on this phenomenon and associated consumer behaviours. An analysis of public debates on the consumer habits of urban workers offers additional insight and context. We advocate for a broad understanding of consumer credit, while rejecting the familiar dichotomy between the consumption of durable goods and the purchase of basic necessities. Necessities and luxuries are constructs that have evolved over time, and the Lacombe files highlight how low-income households combined different sources of credit to incorporate and balance these two types of expenses within their tight budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the study of games and gaming has increased in International Relations in recent years, a corresponding exploration of play has yet to be developed in the field. While play features in several key areas – including game theory, videogames and popular culture, and pedagogical role-plays and simulations – little work has been done to analyse its presence in, and potentials for, the discipline. The aim of this article is to introduce the study of play to IR. It does this by demonstrating that play is political, and that it is at work across the global arena. Drawing on the deconstructive tradition associated with Jacques Derrida, its core contribution is a theorisation of play. The central argument developed is that play is (auto)deconstructive. By this I mean (1) that play precipitates an unravelling of any attempt at its conceptualisation, and (2) that this illustrates the value of a deconstructive approach to international theory. This claim is substantiated through an analysis of four key binary oppositions derived from Johan Huizinga's Homo Ludens. Having shown how play powerfully deconstructs its own conceptual foundations, I argue that a playful approach offers a robust challenge to entrenched assumptions in international theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that to account for group speech acts, we should adopt a representationalist account of mode / force. Individual and collective subjects do not only represent what they e.g. assert or order. By asserting or ordering they also indicate their theoretical or practical positions towards what they assert or order. The 'Frege point' cannot establish the received dichotomy of force and propositional content. On the contrary, only the representationalist account allows a satisfactory response to it. It also allows us to give a more satisfactory analysis of the speech act of inviting a joint commitment and to answer two important questions Bernhard Schmid has raised about group speech acts, namely whether there are 1st person plural forms of Moore's paradox and of 1st person authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite explicit focus on addressing gender inequality in educational settings in Australia, without challenging gender binarism, inequality will persist. This article demonstrates the everyday and implicit means through which hierarchical gender binaries continue to be perpetuated. Observational fieldwork undertaken in three Australian early childhood settings with 13 members of staff and 53 children (ages 2–6) demonstrates how bi-gendered language, as well as wider discourses and practices, are being engaged in these settings. The data indicate that gender binarism continues to be (re)constructed and reinforced through subtle, but omnirelevant, invocations of gender. This happens in the constant categorisation and addressing of children by attributed gender alongside the hierarchisation of gendered attributes, and the sanctioned performativity of bi-gendered heteronormativity in play situations. This demonstrates how children continue to be encouraged into binary gendered practices in their most formative years and that this will, in turn, perpetuate gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The log-odds ratio (ln[OR]) is commonly used to quantify treatments' effects on dichotomous outcomes and then pooled across studies using inverse-variance (1/v) weights. Calculation of the ln[OR]'s variance requires four cell frequencies for two groups crossed with values for dichotomous outcomes. While primary studies report the total sample size (n..), many do not report all four frequencies. Using real data, we demonstrated pooling of ln[OR]s using n.. versus 1/v weights. In a simulation study we compared two weighting approaches under several conditions. Efficiency and Type I error rates for 1/v versus n.. weights used to pool ln[OR] estimates depended on sample size and the percent of studies missing cell frequencies. Results are discussed and guidelines for applied meta-analysts are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the post-colonial nation's history (India) from perspectives of marginalized minorities in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. The aim of this research is to explore the marginalization of "the Others" and traces the otherized segments of contemporary Indian society that are marginalized on the basis of being a hijra, a Dalit, a woman, a Muslim and an Untouchable. This paper analyzes „binarism" and the conflict between the center and periphery: between Hindus and Muslims, between male, female and intersex, between Touchables and Untouchables, as well as between the graveyard and the surrounding wider city. Anjum, an intersex, Revathy, a Maoist comrade, Dayachand, an Untouchable, Tilotamma, a wandering Syrian origin half-Dalit woman, Musa Yeswi, a forced Kashmiri freedom fighter-narrate the untold and unheard tales about failure of a secular democratic country. This paper tours the fault lines of India and highlights the struggle of socially excluded people of society, against the established standards of the culture hence challenging contemporary stereotypical representation of "the Others" and eventually resistance. Roy explicitly advocates religious, racial and territorial degenerative system and reflects the challenges of telling national narrative from a multiple minoritarian perspective. The novel has multi-layered and multi-dimensional plot-structure and investigate the causes behind Roy's attempt to give voice to the voiceless (Indians). This research is carried out applying Edward Said's theoretical framework of "The Self" and "The Other", "Us" and "Them", and "Binary Opposition". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term diversity can be operationalized demographically (in terms of physical or external characteristics such as race, gender, ethnicity and nationality) or intellectually (in terms of mental phenomena such as viewpoints, beliefs, ideas and political opinion). This work examines the context in which the concept of diversity is used by 50 US elite universities in their online institutional presence. Distributional semantics theory is leveraged to quantify semantic similarity between linguistic items based on their distributional properties in a large sample of language data taken from universities online profiles. The language modelling is carried out using Word2vec, a state-of-the-art machine learning model widely used by the natural language processing community to create vector representations of words (i.e. word embeddings). The model uses a neural network trained to reconstruct the linguistic context of words in the training corpus. As a by-product of the training objective, word2vec embeds words into a learned vector space where words that share common contexts and thus semantic meaning according to the distributional hypotheses, are located in close proximity to one another. A quantitative analysis of cosine similarities between word vectors derived from the corpus of text retrieved from universities online institutional profiles shows that the diversity concept is much closer to demographic operationalisations of diversity such as race, gender, ethnicity or nationality than to intellectual ones such as viewpoints, values, beliefs or political orientation. That is, the universities studied tend to use the word diversity predominantly in its demographic denotation to refer to variety of external appearance instead of to variety of mental phenomena. This is significant in light of the severe lack of ideological diversity in universities across the US, with the vast majority of faculty leaning left of center. Universities emphasis on the usage of the term diversity to denote demographic subtypes of diversity could be indicative of a majority power structure in the Academy which tries to hinder the fostering of viewpoint diversity by steering diversity efforts towards demographic interpretations of the word. At the very least, the results of this work suggest that universities, as judged from the way they use language in their own online institutional profiles, prioritize demographic types of diversity around variety of external appearance cues over intellectual heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]