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The Supreme Court's decision in Connelly v. United States upended the world of life insurance planning for parties to an entity-redemption buy-sell agreement. It held that life insurance proceeds received by a business would be included in the valuation of the business for estate tax purposes but an offsetting obligation of the business to pay those same proceeds to the deceased shareholder's estate in redemption of the shares would not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of regional tax autonomy, firm size, and business group affiliation on corporate tax burden in a large sample of Spanish firms, including non-listed firms, from 2007 to 2016. Our findings reveal that firms located in tax-autonomous regions exhibit lower effective corporate tax rates (ETR), providing new empirical support for the horizontal tax competition theory. Additionally, we identify a positive relationship between firm size and corporate tax burden, aligning with the political cost theory. Furthermore, we find that group-affiliated firms face a higher ETR than independent firms, and that group affiliation attenuates the differences in the tax burden experienced by large and small firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Umsatzsteuer-Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Unpredictable economic landscapes have led to a continuous escalation in global economic policy uncertainty (EPU). Improving risk management and sustainability in an environment with high macro risk is critical for business development. This study aims to explore the impact of corporate sustainable development on corporate tax risk. Design/methodology/approach: After using a sample of companies that were A-share listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2021, this paper applies ordinary least squares and a moderate effect model. Findings: Better environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance can weaken corporate tax risk by improving green innovation capability, reputation and information transparency. Meanwhile, the restraining effect of ESG on tax risk was more significant amid high EPU. These impacts were amplified amid higher market competition, lower tax supervision and a lower degree of corporate digital transformation. Practical implications: The findings emphasize the need for the government to establish a healthy business and tax environment so that enterprises can improve sustainable development and increase their risk management abilities, especially post-COVID-19. Social implications: This study guides enterprises and the entirety of society to in paying attention to and promoting ESG practices, which can enhance enterprise tax management. Originality/value: This study expands the research on the economic consequences of sustainable development and the factors influencing corporate tax risk and EPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication is devoted to an interesting historical phenomenon - medieval fairs in the Champagne region in France. These fairs are interesting not only from the point of view of history itself, but also from the point of view of legal regulation of business. Even then, many progressive legal instruments were introduced. It is stated that much of what was taken into account in the Middle Ages, unfortunately, is not taken into account by modern legislation. Thus, the division into merchants and artisans, known for millennia, has an important economic law behind it - manual labor has limitations that, as a rule, trade does not have. A merchant, buying a batch of goods for the purpose of further resale, is limited only by the funds available to him, while an artisan can make only a certain limit number of products per unit of time, and cannot make more of them even with greater capital investments. Although the legislation previously provided for a separate tax on fishing, today both artisans and traders are actually placed in the same conditions, which is ne ither fair nor economically expedient. It is emphasized that today's legislation also does not take into account the economic interests and specifics of the work of those who, while working at their main job, only occasionally engage in craft or have other side jobs. A separate tax regime with the simplest and most transparent administration should be introduced for such an activity in order to facilitate the exit of potential taxpayers from the shadows. In addition, the legislation does not provide a preferential start-up period for entrepreneurs who have just started their business, etc. It is summarized that both in the Middle Ages and now, the key to the effectiveness of legal regulation was and is its compliance with the economic nature and laws, as well as moderation, fairness, taking into account the peculiarities of business, understanding the needs of entrepreneurs, and building their trust and loyalty to state regulators. Among the aspects that should be taken into account in modern legislation, the following are highlighted: taxation of trade and self-produced products (trades and crafts) should be carried out according to different systems; excessive taxation should be avoided; a grace period should be introduced in the taxation of small businesses that have just started their activities. In addition, it is proposed to provide for a special, simplified taxation regime for persons who carry out one or another type of economic activity unevenly, as a supplement or part-time job to their main job. This will not only contribute to the reduction of the shadow economy, but also fill the gap in the current legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research is the norms of tax legislation, which regulate relations between the state in the form of tax authorities and business entities regarding the calculation and payment of taxes when carrying out transactions with financial assets. The goal is to develop theoretical and practical provisions, scientifically based conclusions about financial legal relations related to the use of financial assets in economic turnover, to identify the peculiarities of legal regulation of taxation of transactions with financial assets. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition. The work uses dialectical, logical, systematic, analysis and synthesis, formal legal, comparative-legal and other methods of scientific knowledge. It was established that a financial asset is an interdisciplinary category: from a material point of view, a financial asset is characterized as a fund of funds of a business entity, from a financial and legal position, a financial asset is a source of budget revenues, which in the process of taxation connects the fund of funds of a business entity with public money funds. Financial assets for the purposes of tax and legal regulation can be represented as property and property rights. Understanding the legal nature and content of financial assets makes it possible to systematize approaches to the taxation of operations with these assets and to fill gaps in legal regulation, primarily in the field of tax relations, which will help to eliminate or reduce the risks of disputes with tax authorities, increase the efficiency of using these resources in economic activity of organizations. Since the object of taxation as a legal fact, which is connected with the emergence of relations between the state and the taxpayer regarding the payment of tax, is the main element of the legal structure of the tax, it must have a high level of certainty. The principles of legality, certainty of taxation, conscientiousness of taxpayers, economic basis of tax and reasonableness of taxation are relevant for operations with financial assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Vietnam necessitates modernizing tax administration to capture this sector's revenue effectively. This paper uses Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) to explore the new policy requiring e-commerce platforms to declare and pay taxes on behalf of business individuals. By examining observable trends, systemic causes, worldviews, and myths, the study provides insights into the policy's implications and proposes a hybrid approach combining platforms as tax agents with collaborative governance. This approach aims to enhance tax compliance and foster a sustainable e-commerce ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax planning is crucial for the operational strategy of companies, allowing them to minimize the tax burden within legal frameworks. However, third-category companies in Peru, especially medium and small ones, face significant challenges due to a limited understanding of tax regulations. This qualitative study, with a phenomenological approach, explored the effectiveness of tax planning strategies in these companies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three tax specialists, selected for their experience and knowledge. The interviews addressed four key dimensions: absence of tax planning, characteristics of planning, modification of tax regulations, and business learning. The analysis of the responses, carried out using content and hermeneutic analysis methods with Python, revealed that insufficient training and a deficient tax culture are the main causes of the lack of tax planning, increasing susceptibility to tax sanctions and fines. Additionally, optimizing expenses and implementing control mechanisms proved fundamental for effective planning. Strategic tax management was highlighted as essential for maintaining financial stability and regulatory compliance, especially amid regulatory changes. Continuous training and the modernization of tax processes emerged as critical factors to improve operational efficiency and reduce errors. The integration of the results with state regulations showed the positive influence of the Income Tax Law and Tax Education on tax planning and business management. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for effective tax planning supported by solid tax training and a stable regulatory framework, recommending the strengthening of training and advisory programs, as well as the digitization and simplification of tax processes to improve tax compliance and business competitiveness in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents how the Collaborative Research Center TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency understands and studies transparency in organizations and markets. Starting from our transparency definition, which is rooted in a sender/receiver framework, we discuss how accounting, taxation, and their regulation affect transparency and illustrate selected economic consequences of transparency. We use three analyses to exemplify our research approach. These analyses illustrate that (i) firms use tax literacy and tax advice as substitutes in their strategies to cope with signals sent by tax regulators about complex tax regulations, (ii) trade-offs between tighter management controls and employee motivation lead firms to design hybrid work environments that facilitate information exchange within the firm, and (iii) managers' understanding of how financial statement users benefit from firm disclosures affects the managers' assessments of disclosure regulation. Overall we argue that transparency is context-specific, hard to achieve, and often has ambiguous consequences. We conclude by highlighting selected transparency-related questions that interdisciplinary work with a particular emphasis on institutional details can meaningfully address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many developing countries have implemented tax regulations for small enterprises and the simplification of tax systems in recent times. Tax compliance attitudes within this sector vary significantly due to the high cost to comply and the technical nature of tax law. Many different factors influence presumptive tax compliance and previous research did not necessarily identify the determinants of this phenomenon. Two hundred and nineteen small business owners/managers participated in the study. The validation of the measurement model and the structural model was performed using the Partial-Least Squares Structural Equation Model. The study evaluated the impact of tax morale, corruption and taxpayer/tax office relationships on presumptive tax compliance in the Zimbabwean context. It was found that corruption significantly influences small business operators' compliance levels under a presumptive tax system. Significant differences were found in small business owners and managers who differed in their perceptions of their relationships with the tax office. The results of this study would assist tax authorities in understanding small businesses' perceptions when reviewing the current presumptive tax systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Journal of Contemporary Studies of the Global South / Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pacha: Journal of Contemporary Studies of the Global South / Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The simplified tax system is the most common special tax regime in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of taxpayers. Tax revenues from the simplified tax system account for 6% of the structure of tax revenues of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and more than 93% of the structure of tax revenues from special tax regimes. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the factors influencing tax revenues from the tax levied in connection with applying the simplified system of taxation (taxable object—income reduced by the amount of expenses). The objective of this study is to determine a set of factors used by economists to model the level of tax revenues and to conduct a corresponding econometric analysis of the influence of the selected factors on the dependent variable to identify characteristics of the simplified taxation system functioning in the Russian Federation. The object of this study is the per capita tax revenue from the tax levied in connection with applying the simplified system of taxation (the object of taxation is income reduced by expenses) in the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is a set of economic relations, which arise because of tax-legal relations between tax authorities and taxpayers in relation to the calculation of the tax levied in connection with the application of the simplified taxation system. This study's hypothesis is that the amount of tax revenues is influenced by factors characterizing the economic situation and development of small and medium businesses in the constituent territories of the Russian Federation. This study was conducted in 83 constituent territories of the Russian Federation in 2020–2022. The research methods are statistical analysis and econometric modeling on panel data. During this study, six econometric models were constructed. Based on the results of specification tests, the least squares dummy variables model was selected. The results of the modeling show that the tax rate, the number of taxpayers, and the real average per capita monetary income of the population have a statistically significant impact on the per capita tax revenue under the simplified tax system (the object of taxation is income reduced by the number of expenses). As a result, the focus of economic policy at both macro and meso levels should be on the support of small and medium-sized enterprises in the early stages of their life cycle, as well as on the increase of the purchasing power of the population. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to forecast the revenue side of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer pricing is a significant issue in the sphere of business and taxation. In various countries, the development of international and multinational corporations can boost the practice of transfer pricing. However, some of them are not based on the arm's length price. This research is aimed to analyze the effextivity profitability tax rate and exchange rate toward the firm decision of transfer pricing. The dependent variable in this research is transfer pricing substituted by the value of related party transaction (RPT) of sales. The independent variables in this research are effective tax rate, profitability, and exchange rate. This study employs secondary data obtained from accessible annual report of 29 multinational corporations listed on Indonesian stock exchange in 2016-2019. The data analysis utilizes regression analysis method or a sample selection according to specific criteria. The results of the analysis in this research show that effective tax rate and exchange rate have a positive and significant influence toward the firm decision of transfer pricing. While profitability does not affect the firm decision of transfer pricing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article applies a scientific-methodical approach to the taxation of insurers' incomes in order to achieve an optimal balance between the revenue base of the budget and the minimization of budget risks. Empirical measurement of relationships between the financial results of insurers and tax regulation of their activities using economic models and mathematical apparatus made it possible to develop the latest financial decision-making tools based on the Census II method. These tools contribute to the formation of the tax base (income after insurance activities) from the point of view of minimizing the impact of budgetary risks on the level of state budget revenues. The foundation of the developed scientific-methodological approach is the algorithm of actions for determining the actual deviation of the tax base from the calculated trend cycle. This allows us to minimize the risk of not receiving budget revenues and create multiple scenarios of resilience to the influence of external factors. The proposed approach makes it possible to produce alternative financial decisions regarding the choice of the taxation mechanism of domestic insurers in order to minimize budgetary risks. The practical significance of the obtained results is revealed in the developing theoretical and methodological provisions and outlined methodological approaches in practical activities, which justify the optimal choice of the tax base of insurance companies with the lowest level of variability, taking into account the influence of exogenous processes in a dynamic market background. This will form prerogatives to minimize the risk of not receiving budget revenues. It has been empirically proven that the specified scientific-methodical approach will contribute to the optimization of the insurance business taxation process, ensuring a balance between the interests of the state and all participants in this market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the problems of customs clearance of goods intended to overcome the critical situation in the energy sector of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments. The concept of benefit, tax benefit and the role of preferential taxation of goods that are released into free circulation on the territory of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments are studied. The quality of the rule-making activity of state authorities in the system of customs and legal relations in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law is critically assessed. The reasons that lead to the emergence of inaccuracies, legal gaps and conflicts in the norms of customs legislation are given. Three points were analyzed that determined the main problems of customs clearance of goods intended to overcome the critical situation in the energy industry of Ukraine with exemption from customs payments. In the course of the analysis of the indicated points, it was emphasized the need for a targeted approach when forming a preferential tax regime for a specific group of goods and the inadmissibility of introducing benefits by regulatory and legal acts intended for other purposes. On the basis of the conducted study of the regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, it was established the need to take into account non-tariff regulatory measures for goods for which benefits are provided in the form of exemption from customs payments when developing relevant regulatory legal acts, since in the course of customs clearance of the specified goods, non-tariff measures do not fully allow exercise the right to preferential taxation. In the course of the study, it was proposed to involve employees of specialized divisions of customs authorities responsible for the control of the classification of goods in the development of normative legal acts, which introduce a preferential taxation regime for goods linked to the product code in accordance with the Ukrainian classification of goods. As an alternative, it is suggested that when forming the lists of goods to which the tax benefit should apply, not to use the product code according to the Ukrainian classification of goods, but instead to use only the commercial name of the product contained in the manufacturer's technical information (instructions, technical passports, data from the manufacturer's official website, manufacturer's marking directly on the product). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study defines that digital transformation must encompass all spheres of life in most countries within the next few years. This is linked to the development of an innovative information society, where the digital economy will become the main component. Attention is drawn to the definition of «information technologies». It is noted that the IT sector combines private law and public law relations, reflecting its complex nature in the modern legal system. It is emphasized that this, in turn, will contribute to the effective functioning of business entities in the information technology sector, helping to avoid negative consequences that may arise from deficiencies in legal regulation. IT is one of the leading industries in the Ukrainian economy at present, with its volumes growing each year. Statistics show that the IT sector is one of the few industries in the national economy that can respond more quickly to sharp changes in Ukraine's external environment. The main taxation systems for business entities in the IT sector and tax rates are outlined. Attention is focused on the legal regime of Diia City, where IT sector entities can become residents. It is noted that the Diia City regime should provide not only favorable and flexible conditions for doing business, including attracting Ukrainian IT specialists, but also advantageous taxation. It is emphasized that Diia City, together with gig contracts, is designed to reduce the practice of registering employees as individual entrepreneurs. Companies that opt for the Diia City regime are offered nearly identical taxation in relation to employees and enhanced control over them. The advantages and disadvantages of gig contracts for the Ukrainian IT sector are discussed. At the same time, it is pointed out that effective legal regulation, taking into account the peculiarities of wartime, is critically important for ensuring the stable operation of Diia City resident companies. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the legal regime of Diia City, introduced to stimulate the digital economy in Ukraine, has become an important tool for regulating the IT sector since its launch in 2022. The further development of the Diia City legal regime should aim at supporting the stability of the IT sector, ensuring the retention of skilled personnel in Ukraine, as well as creating conditions for achieving a swift peace and the recovery of the economy after the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Local taxes play a vital role in contributing significant socio-economic development and welfare in the city. This paper describes the level of awareness of micro-enterprises in local taxation. Objective: This study wants to comprehensively describe and conduct a detailed analysis of the level of awareness among micro-enterprises regarding local taxation in Pagadian City, how such awareness helped these owners manage their business operations, and where they stay informed about local tax ordinances. Method: This research employed a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design using a survey questionnaire. Then, the weighted mean and standard deviation, with the help of SPSS, were used to analyze the quantitative part of the research. It drew inspiration from Sharan Merriam's work, which emphasized the importance of patterns and themes. Results: This study revealed that micro-enterprise owners exhibit a high level of awareness regarding business taxes but need more awareness of amusement taxes. Awareness helped the owners in their business operations in the following ways: avoid penalties, smooth business operation, good decision-making, proper management, improvement skills, lessening tax stress, good reputation, successful business, business improvements, understanding customers, and properly registered. Additionally, the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) emerged as the predominant source of knowledge concerning local tax ordinances. Conclusion: In Pagadian City, most micro-business owners understand local taxes. They know about Business Tax, which applies to all businesses, regardless of size. However, they must learn about amusement taxes due to the complex Philippine tax system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the commercial activity tax (CAT) and tax credit for Qualified Research Expenses (QRE) in Ohio. Topics discussed include the calculation of liability of businesses for CAT, the entities excluded from CAT such as financial institutions, nonprofit organizations, and public utilities, and the definition of QRE according to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (IRC).

In the conditions of the modern market economy, small business is given a very big advantage in the developed and developing countries of the world. It helps the economy of the country to overcome the difficult socio-economic situation, to maintain stability, to form the middle class of the population, etc. Along with a number of functions, the innovative economy in the country is developed through small businesses. It is the development of entrepreneurship and the increase in the number of registered small businesses that contribute to the reduction of the unemployment level, which in turn is one of the main prerequisites for overcoming the poverty level. As international practice testifies, small business represents more than 98% of private businesses registered in the country and in terms of employment, it is not inferior to large and medium-sized businesses in the entire industry. Therefore, the trends of the modern economy brought the role and importance of small business to the fore. Taxation of small businesses and the amount of the tax burden is one of the topical issues in the current period, as it is an important determining factor of their development. Tax reforms and agreements implemented in the country can greatly influence their development. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze each tax reform or agreement in detail, not only at the tax level, but also to determine the effect of its operation from the point of view of entrepreneurs, which should be accompanied by step-by-step monitoring. The purpose of the research paper is to determine the influence of the tax system on the entrepreneurial activity of small businesses, from the point of view of the experience of the USA and Georgia. The article discusses the American and Georgian experience of small business taxation mechanisms. The taxes with which the small business sector is taxed are given, the trend of the tax burden and its impact on their financial situation are estimated. Based on all this, appropriate conclusions and recommendations have been prepared. As the results of the conducted research revealed, in terms of promoting the development of small businesses, the USA really stands out from the highly developed countries. The system of tax regulation and taxes in the US, on the other hand, is distinguished by its complexity. Complexity is caused by the fact that taxes are imposed at three main levels: state, local and federal. Taxes at all three levels are sharply separated from each other. In the US, the issue of improving tax administration in the area of small businesses is of great importance. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) significantly reduced the corporate tax rate for the small business sector from 35% to 21%. And the average combined federal and state rate went from 38.9% to 25.8%. Small businesses in Georgia are divided into three categories: micro, small and fixed tax payer categories. For which a special, preferential system of taxation is considered. The article discusses the impact of the tax reform implemented on July 1, 2018 on the small business sector and the economy of the country as a whole. In the given period, the change should affect approximately 120 thousand entrepreneurial individuals with small business status. By means of the mentioned reform, entrepreneurs significantly reduced their tax and administrative costs, as the tax accounting system was also simplified. The decrease in tax rates had a positive effect on the financial situation of small businesses operating both in the USA and in Georgia, and accordingly, the percentage share of their profits in total revenues increased significantly. In the development of the small business sector in the USA and Georgia, agreements on avoiding double taxation, which as of today, the USA has signed with 69 countries of the world, and Georgia with 58 sub-counties, also make a significant contribution. As international research shows, double taxation avoidance agreements have reduced tax costs for entrepreneurs, deepened economic cooperation, facilitated attracting more investments, prevented taxpayers from trying to reduce the amount of tax, or completely avoid it, etc. The scientific novelty of the article is the determination of the effect of tax reforms on the small business sector, their financial situation and economic and entrepreneurial activities in the selected research object countries (USA and Georgia). To achieve the research goal, the following main research methods are used in the work: quantitative and qualitative research method, induction and deduction method, statistical analysis, data collection, grouping and systematic approach methods. The article uses the works of both Georgian and foreign scientists related to small business taxation and tax burden. Prepared reports, periodicals and internet resources from various international organizations and Georgian state agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate tax evasion remains a significant problem, the complex mechanisms of which require modern criminological approaches to its solution. The purpose of the study was to characterise the interests of entrepreneurs in shaping the strategy of effective legislation and evidence in cases of crimes related to tax evasion by legal entities in Kazakhstan. The research used a number of methods, including data analysis, analogy, generalisation and formal legal methods to study the topic. The main conclusions of the study were the identification of problems in proving tax evasion, especially in cases involving offshore companies and specially created organisations for the purpose of evading tax liabilities. It is worth noting that the operational investigation of cases falling under Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan is subject to close attention, with a particular focus on the role of documentary evidence. The study demonstrated that the presence or absence of financial documentation has a significant impact on the outcome of criminal proceedings in the field of taxation. In addition, the study suggested that Kazakhstan's tax system could be optimised by introducing simplified tax rates, differentiated sectoral taxation and mandatory electronic invoicing, which could increase transparency and reduce opportunities for tax evasion. The conclusions emphasised that improved investigative procedures and a comprehensive assessment of evidence are crucial for the fair and effective conduct of criminal proceedings. In addition, the study proposed recommendations for legislative changes to strengthen Kazakhstan's legal framework for combating tax evasion, facilitate cooperation between companies and the government, and stabilise the country's financial system. This study contributed to the development of reliable methods of detecting and proving tax evasion offences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A common misconception exists that all charitable activities are inherently philanthropic and automatically exempt from taxation. This study explores whether charitable trusts can be categorized as businesses within the Goods and Services Tax (GST) framework. The GST system in India, designed to streamline and regulate taxation, has given rise to significant concerns and uncertainties regarding their application to charitable organizations. The study examines the legal dimensions surrounding the treatment of charitable trusts under GST by analyzing relevant legislations and specific cases. It seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the implications of classifying charitable trusts as businesses for taxation purposes. Additionally, the study highlights how charitable trusts are misused for tax avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first scientific study in Ukraine on the issue of investment attractiveness of the gambling market in conditions of full-scale war, in which the authors attempted to calculate and assess the costs and benefits that an investor can receive from investing in this type of activity. This study used the method of comparative analysis, the method of system analysis, the hermeneutic method, formal-logical (synthesis, analysis, deduction, analogy), economic analysis, absolute and comparative advantages and statistical methods. The authors analyzed the economic indicators of the market and concluded that despite the hostilities, the market shows a large and stable growth due to the online segment. At the same time, although more than 20 different licenses were issued, the market was divided among only five major players, which indicates the potential for new organizers to enter the market. The assessment of losses and benefits for the investor was carried out according to the following indicators: calculations of official costs for starting a business in Ukraine (license fees); assessment of the tax system of Ukraine regarding the gambling business from the point of view of the benefits of running such a business; assessment of the war risks of running a gambling business in Ukraine. The calculations showed that the high cost of licenses can be the main obstacle to entering the market for new investors, since in neighboring countries the entry price is much lower. The research conducted allowed us to conclude that today the only promising direction of investment can be the gambling business on the Internet. After the end of hostilities, we expect that the implementation of investment projects and obtaining free investment licenses will become attractive for investment, because today the potential of free investment licenses in Ukraine has not been used, not a single license has been issued, but there are no similar offers in other European markets. Promising areas of research remain the issues of the impact of gambling market taxation rates on market development, as well as on the fight against illegal gambling. A promising direction is the issue of researching the investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian lottery market and the possibilities of holding interstate lotteries in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manar Elsharq Journal for Management & Commerce Studies is the property of Manar Elsharq for Studies & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)