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In 2020, Libraries and Cultural Resources (LCR) at the University of Calgary used Qualtrics XM to design and pilot a point-of-use survey to collect user feedback on the usability of our implementation of Primo, Ex Libris's web-scale discovery service. Over a two-week period, users were presented with the pop-up survey while searching and asked to provide feedback. This article summarizes how we designed and implemented this point-of-use survey and the lessons learned from this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VO2-based thermochromic smart glazes have attracted much attention for energy-saving buildings. Their practical applications need high visible luminous transmittance (Tlum) and high solar light modulation efficiency (ΔTsol). High Tlum and ΔTsol are difficult to be realized by a single-layer VO2 film, and constructing multi-layer film assemblies has been a widely adopted way to increase Tlum and ΔTsol. Tlum and ΔTsol of a multi-layer film assembly are multi-dimensional functions of the complex dielectric permittivity and the thickness of each layer, respectively. The current research reported a computer automatic searching of the total minimum of an evaluation function that together takes the cool-state Tlum, hot-state Tlum, and ΔTsol into account. It can be used to optimize a multi-layer assembly composed of any components according to the given objectives and weights for Tlum and ΔTsol. Different multi-layer film systems consisting of SiO2, TiO2, and VO2 layers were optimized. The best film system was proposed to be TiO2/VO2/TiO2/s, and the effects of objectives and weights on Tlum and ΔTsol were also checked. The physical reason that leads to high Tlum and ΔTsol was analyzed based on the optimized reflectance and transmittance spectra. The RGB tristimulus of the optimized multi-layer system can also be obtained from the transmittance spectra. The program can also realize an automatic optimization with some variables being constrained, and the composite layers are also involved under the basis of the Bruggeman effective media theory. The results showed that a satisfied objective-orientated optimization can be realized for a thermochromic layer system; this should be meaningful for the design and preparation of the multi-layer film assemblies according to the different user's demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion As a large and populous country, China releases a high number of diagnostic criteria. However, the published diagnostic criteria have not yet been systematically analyzed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria published in China.We searched five databases for diagnostic criteria from their inception until July 31, 2023. All diagnostic criteria were screened through abstract and full‐text reading, and included if satisfying the prespecified criteria. Two researchers independently extracted data on the characteristics, development methods, reporting quality, and evidence basis of diagnostic criteria.A total of 143 diagnostic criteria were included. In terms of development methods, the proportions of diagnostic criteria that involved a systematic literature search (n = 2; 1.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4% to 5.0%), adoption of formal consensus methods (n = 4; 2.8%; 95% CI, 1.1% to 7.0%), and criteria validation (n = 9; 6.3%; 95% CI, 3.3% to 11.5%) were relatively low. Regarding reporting quality, the average compliance with the ACCORD checklist was 5.1%; none of the diagnostic criteria reported on registration, expert inclusion criteria, expert recruitment process, or consensus results. A majority (58.7%; 95% CI, 50.6% to 66.5%) of criteria did not cite any research, and only one (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 3.9%) criterion was derived from a systematic review. Moreover, only 16.1% (95% CI, 11.0% to 23.0%) of diagnostic criteria used evidence from the Chinese population.The diagnostic criteria developed in China exhibit serious flaws, particularly in evidence retrieval, formation of expert panels, consensus methods, and validation. Additionally, only few diagnostic criteria used a systematic synthesis of the evidence or evidence from the China. There is an urgent need to enhance the methodology for developing diagnostic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a consensus group method used to synthesize expert opinions. Given the global shift to virtual meetings, the extent to which researchers leveraged virtual platforms is unclear. This scoping review explores the use of the vNGT in healthcare research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Following the Arksey and O'Malley's framework, eight cross-disciplinary databases were searched (January 2020-July 2022). Research articles that reported all four vNGT stages (idea generation, round robin sharing, clarification, voting) were included. Media Synchronicity Theory informed analysis. Corresponding authors were surveyed for additional information. Results: Of 2,589 citations, 32 references were included. Articles covered healthcare (27/32) and healthcare education (4/32). Platforms used most were Zoom, MS Teams and GoTo but was not reported in 44% of studies. Only 22% commented on the benefits/challenges of moving the NGT virtually. Among authors who responded to our survey (16/32), 80% felt that the vNGT was comparable or superior. Conclusions: The vNGT provides several advantages such as the inclusion of geographically dispersed participants, scheduling flexibility and cost savings. It is a promising alternative to the traditional in-person meeting, but researchers should carefully describe modifications, potential limitations, and impact on results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing use of telerehabilitation within the healthcare community has garnered substantial attention. In congruence with other healthcare fields, examining perceptions, barriers, and facilitators assumed paramount significance in the continuation and fortification of telerehabilitation practices among physiotherapists. In this scoping review, we aimed to systematically map the literature on the perceptions of physiotherapists as well as the barriers and enablers of telerehabilitation in their daily practice. The five-stage methodological framework recommended by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was used for this scoping review. In the framework, eight databases were searched using key search terms such as “telerehabilitation”, “physiotherapists”, “readiness”, “enablers” and “barriers” All findings were organised into perceptions and readiness, enablers, and barriers. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized as: (1) perception and readiness, (2) enablers, and (3) barriers. In the perception and readiness category, new trends in healthcare, advancement in physiotherapy practices and the benefits to clients were identified. The enablers identified included prior training, personal experience, familiarity with technology, functional equipment and space, and client selection. The barriers to the adoption of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy practice are pinpointed to poor technology, communication hurdles, limited availability, lack of familiarity, and client-related concerns. While initial evidence suggests a generally positive perceptions it is important to consider both facilitators and barriers when understanding adoption. This review’s findings revealed a wide research gap, with unequal weightage towards barriers compared to enablers, and highlights the need for further research. Developing telerehabilitation guidelines that cater to both physiotherapists and clients is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin D (VD) levels and Graves' disease (GD). Methods: We conducted a search for publications on VD and GD in the English language. Our search encompassed databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications available through August 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane RevMan 5.4 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for outcome calculation. We used R software to test for publication bias. Results: Twelve studies were selected, comprising 937 (22.4%) cases with GD and 3254 (77.6%) controls. The overall meta-analysis revealed that patients with GD are significantly more likely to have low VD levels (SMD = − 0.66; 95% CI: −1.05, − 0.27; p = 0.001) than those in the control group. Egger's test results indicated no publication bias (p = 0.0791). These studies exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity (chi-square = 205.86, p < 0.00001; I2 = 95%). Subgroup analysis was conducted based on assay method, geographic location, and mean age of the case group to explore the heterogeneity sources. Assay methods and geographic locations were identified as potential heterogeneity sources. Based on the mean age, there were no statistically significant differences found in the subgroup analysis of the included studies. Conclusion: There is promising evidence that low serum VD levels may increase the risk of GD. Further rigorous and long-term trials are needed to explore the role of VD in the onset and treatment of GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines and neonatal sepsis through meta-analysis. Methods: We collected research literature on the correlation between inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and neonatal sepsis published before August 2023 through computer searches of databases such as PubMed, Embase, etc. The Stata 14.0 software was utilized for Meta-analysis. To assess heterogeneity, the chi-squared Q-test and I2 statistics were used. The Egger and Begg tests were conducted to determine the possibility of publication bias. Results: After reviewing 1129 articles, 29 relevant articles involving 3348 cases and 5183 controls were included in the study. The meta-analysis conducted on IL-1βrs1143643 polymorphism revealed significant findings: the T allele genotype has a lower risk of neonatal sepsis(P = 0.000, OR = 0.224, 95% CI: 0.168–0.299), while the TC and TT genotypes showed an increased risk(TC: P = 0.000,OR = 4.251, 95% CI: 2.226–8.119; TT: P = 0.019,OR = 2.020, 95% CI: 1.122–3.639). Similarly, newborns with the IL-6-174 CC genotype had a significantly higher risk of sepsis(P = 0.000,OR = 1.591, 95% CI: 1.154–2.194), while those with the IL-8-rs4073 TT (P = 0.003,OR = 0.467, 95% CI: 0.280–0.777)and TT + AA(P = 0.003,OR = 0.497, 95% CI: 0.315–0.785) genotypes had a significantly lower risk of sepsis. For the IL-10-1082 gene, newborns with the AA genotype(P = 0.002,OR = 1.702, 95% CI: 1.218–2.377), as well as those with the AA + GA genotype(P = 0.016,OR = 1.731, 95% CI: 1.108–2.705), had a significantly higher risk of sepsis. Lastly, newborns carrying the TNF-α–308 A allele (P = 0.016,OR = 1.257, 95% CI: 1.044–1.513)or the AA genotype(P = 0.009,OR = 1.913, 95% CI: 1.179–3.10) have a significantly increased risk of sepsis. Notwithstanding, additional studies must be included for validation. Applying these cytokines in clinical practice and integrating them into auxiliary examinations facilitates the early detection of susceptible populations for neonatal sepsis, thereby providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach for neonatal sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanzania is disproportionately burdened by musculoskeletal injuries as it faces unique challenges when dealing with trauma care. This scoping review aims to summarize and assess the current state of orthopaedic and trauma research in Tanzania. By identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in the literature, this review seeks to guide future research initiatives catered specifically to the needs of Tanzania's healthcare system. Utilizing the PRISMA-ScR protocol, OVID Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to June 17, 2023, using keywords such as "Orthopaedics" "Trauma" and "Tanzania". One hundred and ninety-two eligible studies were included and the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping studies was followed. There was a notable growth of relevant publications from 2015 onward, with peaks in growth in the years 2019, 2021, and 2020. The studies employed diverse research methodologies, with cross-sectional (n = 41, 21%) and prospective studies (n = 39, 20%) being the most prevalent, and randomized-controlled trials being the least prevalent methodology, making up eight studies (4.2%). The most common study themes were trauma (n = 101, 52.6%), lower extremity (n = 31, 16%), and spine-related issues (n = 27, 14%). Only three studies looked at work-related injuries (1.6%). Road traffic injuries (RTIs) were the most common mechanism of trauma in 77.0% of the trauma focused studies. Fifty-three percent of the studies were conducted by a majority of Tanzanian authors. This scoping review highlights various trends in orthopaedic and trauma research in Tanzania, with a particular emphasis on road traffic-related injuries. Various gaps are explored, including a lack of research on work-related injuries and a paucity of experimental research. Our findings underline areas where future research is warranted. The future of orthopaedic and trauma care in Tanzania depends on the efforts and collaboration of both local and international stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the intricacies of laser surgery, acknowledging inherent risks and complications. Patients with higher Fitzpatrick phototypes, characterized by unique biological traits, face heightened vulnerability during laser treatments. Limited experience with darker skin tones necessitates a higher level of laser expertise and a conservative approach. The study aims to comprehensively review laser therapy's side effects and complications, with a specific focus on Fitzpatrick phototypes IV through VI. We searched the MEDLINE database from 1972 to 2023 to consolidate knowledge. Results illuminate nuanced challenges associated with laser surgery in higher phototypes. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the need for enhanced expertise and caution in laser procedures for individuals with darker skin, offering valuable insights to optimize patient safety and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) is an alternative to conventional transabdominal retrieval. We aimed to compare outcomes following transvaginal specimen extraction (TVSE) and transabdominal specimen extraction (TASE) in minimally invasive abdominal surgery. Methods: An electronic database search of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL was performed from inception until March 2023. Comparative studies evaluating TVSE versus TASE in adult female patients were included. Studies involving transanal NOSE, endoluminal surgery, or TVSE with concomitant hysterectomy were excluded. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratio were estimated for continuous and dichotomous outcomes respectively. Primary outcomes were postoperative day 1 (POD1) pain and length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were operative time, rescue analgesia, morbidity, and cosmesis. A review of sexual, oncological, and technical outcomes was performed. Results: Thirteen studies (2 randomised trials, 11 retrospective cohort studies), involving 1094 patients (TASE 583, TVSE 511), were included in the analysis. Seven studies involved colorectal disease and six assessed gynaecological conditions. TVSE resulted in significantly decreased POD1 pain (WMD 1.08, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.68) and shorter LOS (WMD 1.18 days, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.22), compared to TASE. Operative time was similar between both groups, with fewer patients requiring postoperative rescue analgesia with TVSE. Overall morbidity rates, as well as both wound-related and non-wound related complication rates were better with TVSE, while anastomotic morbidity rates were comparable. Cosmetic scores were higher with TVSE. TVSE did not result in worse sexual or oncological outcomes. Conclusion: TVSE may be feasible and beneficial compared to TASE when performed by proficient laparoscopic operators, using appropriate selection criteria. Continued evaluation with prospective studies is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transradial access (TRA) is becoming more popular in neurointerventional radiology procedures and has been associated with reduced mortality, morbidity and access site complications. Guidelines state that TRA is a feasible option for posterior circulation thrombectomy however the evidence base is limited and no systematic literature review has yet been undertaken to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, TRIP and Embase databases were searched. Outcomes collected included TICI scores, puncture to recanalisation time, mRS scores at 90 days and access site complications. Results: 291 records were identified and 31 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were meta-analysed. The rate of TICI 2b-3 was 94.7% (89.7–99.8% at 95% CI), TICI 3 was 67.9% (42.2–93.6% at 95% CI) and mRS 0–2 at 90 days was 49.8% (31.5–68.1% at 95% CI). Median puncture to reperfusion times were extracted from three studies as 24 (IQR 18–40), 24 (IQR 17.5–56.5) and 27 (IQR 24–33.5) minutes. No access site complications were reported. TICI 2b-3, TICI 3 and mRS scores were comparable to data for transfemoral access (TFA) from a large systematic review. Puncture to recanalisation times appeared lower than the TFA data but statistical comparison of this outcome was not possible. Conclusions: The use of TRA in posterior circulation thrombectomy is safe and effective with comparable results to TFA. Further research with a larger sample size is required to fully investigate the potential for shortened puncture to recanalisation times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring alopecia characterized by acute hair loss. Nail involvement, though not always present, can occur in AA patients. Nail changes are more frequent in severe forms of AA and in children. Methods: Literature related to nail changes in AA was comprehensively reviewed after a search on the PubMed database without time restrictions in order to identify common clinical presentations and associated factors to aid clinicians with the correct evaluation and management of these dystrophies. Results: Nail changes in AA include pitting, trachyonychia, leukonychia, red lunula, and miscellaneous alterations such as longitudinal ridging and brittle nails. Nail changes are usually asymptomatic but, nevertheless, sometimes cosmetically disfiguring and can be associated with a reduced quality of life and impaired daily activities. Conclusions: Nail changes in AA may precede or follow hair loss and can occur as an isolated finding. Diagnosis may require a biopsy for definitive identification. Spontaneous improvement is possible, particularly in children, and treatment is not always necessary. Further research is, however, needed to establish a consensus on treatment approaches according to age and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the gold standard treatment for large, complex intrarenal stones. Historically, this was performed using a nephrostomy tube (PCN) and/or internalized ureteral stent at the end of the procedure. However, totally tubeless nephrolithotomy (tt-PCNL) is a novel technique where no tubes (no stent nor nephrostomy tube) are left post-operatively. We review the literature on this subject regarding peri-operative outcomes, post-operative outcomes, and potential complications of the procedure, discuss our technique, and make recommendations on implementation for centers not currently utilizing the procedure. Materials and methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on totally tubeless nephrolithotomy using MEDLINE database search. Our search included prior review articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, primary research articles, case reports, and case studies. Results: In comparison to prior approaches where a stent or nephrostomy tube is placed, tt-PCNL has a similar complication rate and better post-operative outcomes. Totally tubeless PCNL has similar operative times and similar changes in hemoglobin. However, it had shorter length of stays across all studies. The mean difference in length of stay in the studies reviewed was 1.96 days. Additionally, tt-PCNL had decreased post-operative analgesic requirements and pain scores. Conclusions: This review highlights totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a safe and feasible surgical technique with improved outcomes in properly selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people with pain from osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are either not ready for surgery or may never be surgical candidates. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a new proposed management for those with pain despite maximum medical management. It has historically been used to manage recurrent spontaneous haemarthrosis following total knee replacement, but newer studies are showing a positive effect in managing pre-arthroplasty knee OA. The goal of this review is to summarise current and relevant literature from searches of computerised databases and relevant journals, and analyse their results. Studies included show that GAE has promising outcomes in managing mild to moderate OA knee pain in those who have exhausted at least 3 months of conservative therapy. Most studies show improvements in VAS pain and PROM scores (including KOOS, and/or WOMAC). Minimal adverse effects have been associated in up to two years of follow up, the majority of which are self-resolving. The article précises a concise general procedural technique for performing GAE, as well as comparing and contrasting different embolic agents that may be utilised. GAE shows promising outcomes in management of mild to moderate OA knee pain. In the future, there will need to be higher volume studies to determine effectiveness, suitable candidates, and other potential adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern power systems, conventional energy production units are being replaced by clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy resources (RESs). Integrating RESs into power systems presents numerous challenges, notably the need for enhanced grid stability and reliability. RES-dominated power systems fail to meet sufficient demand due to insufficient inertia responses. To address this issue, various virtual inertia emulation techniques are proposed to bolster power system stability amidst the increased integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. This review article explores state-of-the-art virtual inertia support strategies tailored to accommodate the increased penetration of RESs. Beginning with an overview of this study, it explores the existing virtual inertia techniques and investigates the various methodologies, including control algorithms, parameters, configurations, key contributions, sources, controllers, and simulation platforms. The promising virtual inertia control strategies are categorised based on the techniques used in their control algorithms and their applications. Furthermore, this review explains evolving research trends and identifies promising avenues for future investigations. Emphasis is placed on addressing key challenges such as dynamic response characteristics, scalability, and interoperability with conventional grid assets. The initial database search reveals 1529 publications. Finally, 106 articles were selected for this study, adding 6 articles manually for the review analysis. By synthesising current knowledge and outlining prospective research directions, this review aims to facilitate the current state of research paths concerning virtual inertia control techniques, along with the categorisation and analysis of these approaches, and showcases a comprehensive understanding of the research domain, which is essential for the sustainable integration of renewable energy into modern power systems via power electronic interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitemark analysis involves the examination of both patterned injuries and contextual circumstances, combining morphological and positional data. Considering the uniqueness of human dentition, bitemarks caused by teeth on skin or impressions on flexible surfaces could assist in human identification. Aims: to investigate the available literature systematically and evaluate the scientific evidence published over the past decade concerning the potential application of bitemark analysis in forensic identification. Methods: Two researchers meticulously searched electronic databases from January 2012 to December 2023, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Adhering to the PRISMA statement guidelines, this review employed appropriate medical subject headings (MeSHs) and free-text synonyms. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during article retrieval. Results: The findings yielded controversial outcomes. Approximately two-thirds of the articles concluded that bitemark analysis is useful in forensic identification, while the remaining articles did not report statistically significant outcomes and cautioned against relying solely on bitemark analysis for identification. Conclusions: The authors assert that bitemark analysis can be a reliable and complementary method for forensic identification, contingent upon the establishment and adoption of a universally accepted global protocol for data collection, processing, and interpretation. Undoubtedly, recent years have witnessed a notable increase in research focused on bitemark identification, driven by the goal of achieving quantitative, objective, reproducible, and accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, we examined the association between perceived economic grievances and both intentions to engage and actual engagement in antilockdown protests during the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income countries. We also investigated whether this direct association would be (a) mediated by social identification with the economically disadvantaged and (b) moderated by fatalistic beliefs about the pandemic. In Study 1, multilevel modelling based on online search data from the US (N = 505) indicated that weekly fluctuations in searches related to economic grievances predicted the occurrence of antilockdown protests over time. In Studies 2 (Germany; N = 404) and 3 (Italy; N = 1,857), we showed that the link between perceived economic grievances and intentions to engage in antilockdown collective action was significantly mediated by social identification with people who suffered economically from the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 3 replicated the findings of Study 2 and extended it by showing the role of high (vs. low) fatalistic beliefs about the pandemic in moderating the association between perceived economic grievances and antilockdown collective action intentions. We discuss the consequences of unaddressed economic grievances for democratic functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen‐bonding and halogen‐bonding interactions are important noncovalent interactions that play a significant role in the crystal structure of organic molecules. An in‐depth analysis is given of the crystal packing of two previously reported crystal structures of dihalogenated 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, namely 3,5‐dichloro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole and 3,5‐dibromo‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole. This work provides insights into the complex interplay of hydrogen‐bonding and halogen‐bonding interactions resulting in the formation of multiple trimeric motifs in the crystal structure of 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives. Analysis of the crystal packing of these isostructural crystal structures revealed that the molecular arrangement in these molecules is primarily stabilized by the formation of different trimeric motifs stabilized by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, N—H...X (X = Cl/Br) halogen bonds and C—X...X halogen‐bonding interactions. Computational studies further revealed that all these trimers are energetically stable. A crystallographic database search further reveals that while the cyclic trimers reported in this study are present in other molecules, structures analyzed in this study are the sole instances where all are present simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to present and compare results from studies that have been using autologous tissue for POP repair. Methods: Systematic review was done according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. We aimed to retrieve reports of published and ongoing studies on the efficacy and safety of autologous tissue in vaginal vault prolapse repair. The databases searched were MEDLINE (PubMed interface), Scopus, Cohrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: The success rate varied among studies. In fascia-lata group success rate reports varied from 83 to a 100%, with a median follow-up from 12 to 52 months among studies. Rectus fascia reported success rates from 87 to a 100% with a follow-up of 12 months to longest of 98 months. Conclusion: Autologous tissues show satisfying outcomes in terms of safety and efficacy. Sacrocolpopexy procedure with fascia lata has better outcome in term of treatment of prolapse. Harvesting place on lateral side of buttock has more complications in comparison with rectus fascia but size of the graft can be wider in fascia-lata group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countertransference (CT) is now recognized as the most important tool in psychodynamic procedures. Despite extensive practical and theoretical research on the patient's interpersonal patterns reflected in the countertransference, little is known about the therapist's contribution to this phenomenon. A difficulty in studying this aspect is the recording of a phenomenon that many researchers unconsciously understand as ego-syntonic. So far, the topic has primarily been approached through case reports by clinically active authors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the empirical research on this subject, drawing on a systematic search of scientific databases. The systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed and PSYNDEX and finally included 10 publications in the analysis after title and abstract screening of 1037 studies. It became clear that the studies included vary significantly in their definitions of therapist contribution and countertransference as well as their attempts to measure them. To address the therapistʼs contribution in the context of countertransference events an extension of the concept of Hayes is proposed, which integrates therapist personality traits and attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and biographical experiences (subjective assessments versus objective information) to better capture the therapist's role in countertransference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) is a key therapeutic approach which aims to help trans and gender diverse (or simply "trans") individuals' transition from their sex-presumed-at-birth to their experienced gender identity. Previous reviews have focused on synthesizing quantitative experiences; however, a qualitative lens is important to understand the personal journey of GAHT. This review provides a qualitative meta-synthesis of the experiences of trans people around the world who have undergone GAHT to elicit contextualized understanding of the changes experienced. Systematic searches of eight databases identified an initial 2670 papers, refined to a final 28 papers. Overall, findings suggested that the GAHT journey is unique and elicited a myriad of changes which, whilst challenging at times, were life-changing and brought about positive psychological, physical, and social changes. Other themes explored GAHT not being treated as a fix-all for associated mental health issues, the rules that govern appraisal of physical changes, how privilege and social identity evolve, and the power of affirmation. This work offers important recommendations to improve the care offered to trans people undergoing GAHT. Namely, person-centered support is essential, and peer-navigation may be a useful future direction to explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medication discontinuation studies explore the outcomes of stopping a medication compared to continuing it. Comprehensively identifying medication discontinuation articles in bibliographic databases remains challenging due to variability in terminology. Objectives: To develop and validate search filters to retrieve medication discontinuation articles in Medline and Embase. Methods: We identified medication discontinuation articles in a convenience sample of systematic reviews. We used primary articles to create two reference sets for Medline and Embase, respectively. The reference sets were equally divided by randomization in development sets and validation sets. Terms relevant for discontinuation were identified by term frequency analysis in development sets and combined to develop two search filters that maximized relative recalls. The filters were validated against validation sets. Relative recalls were calculated with their 95% confidences intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 316 articles for Medline and 407 articles for Embase, from 15 systematic reviews. The Medline optimized search filter combined 7 terms. The Embase optimized search filter combined 8 terms. The relative recalls were respectively 92% (95% CI: 87–96) and 91% (95% CI: 86–94). Conclusions: We developed two search filters for retrieving medication discontinuation articles in Medline and Embase. Further research is needed to estimate precision and specificity of the filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A colored de Bruijn graph (also called a set of k-mer sets), is a set of k-mers with every k-mer assigned a set of colors. Colored de Bruijn graphs are used in a variety of applications, including variant calling, genome assembly, and database search. However, their size has posed a scalability challenge to algorithm developers and users. There have been numerous indexing data structures proposed that allow to store the graph compactly while supporting fast query operations. However, disk compression algorithms, which do not need to support queries on the compressed data and can thus be more space-efficient, have received little attention. The dearth of specialized compression tools has been a detriment to tool developers, tool users, and reproducibility efforts. In this paper, we develop a new tool that compresses colored de Bruijn graphs to disk, building on previous ideas for compression of k-mer sets and indexing colored de Bruijn graphs. We test our tool, called ESS-color, on various datasets, including both sequencing data and whole genomes. ESS-color achieves better compression than all evaluated tools and all datasets, with no other tool able to consistently achieve less than 44% space overhead. The software is available at http://github.com/medvedevgroup/ESSColor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses turnover intention, representing the extent to which nurses express a desire to leave their current positions, is a critical global public health challenge. This issue significantly affects the healthcare workforce, contributing to disruptions in healthcare delivery and organizational stability. In Ethiopia, a country facing its own unique set of healthcare challenges, understanding and mitigating nursing turnover are of paramount importance. Hence, the objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine the pooled proportion ofturnover intention among nurses and to identify factors associated to it in Ethiopia. Methods: A comprehensive search carried out for studies with full document and written in English language through an electronic web-based search strategy from databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar and Ethiopian University Repository online. Checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used to assess the studies' quality. STATA version 17 software was used for statistical analyses. Meta-analysis was done using a random-effects method. Heterogeneity between the primary studies was assessed by Cochran Q and I-square tests. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out to clarify the source of heterogeneity. Result: This systematic review and meta-analysis incorporated 8 articles, involving 3033 nurses in the analysis. The pooled proportion of turnover intention among nurses in Ethiopia was 53.35% (95% CI (41.64, 65.05%)), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 97.9, P = 0.001). Significant association of turnover intention among nurses was found with autonomous decision-making (OR: 0.28, CI: 0.14, 0.70) and promotion/development (OR: 0.67, C.I: 0.46, 0.89). Conclusion and recommendation: Our meta-analysis on turnover intention among Ethiopian nurses highlights a significant challenge, with a pooled proportion of 53.35%. Regional variations, such as the highest turnover in Addis Ababa and the lowest in Sidama, underscore the need for tailored interventions. The findings reveal a strong link between turnover intention and factors like autonomous decision-making and promotion/development. Recommendations for stakeholders and concerned bodies involve formulating targeted retention strategies, addressing regional variations, collaborating for nurse welfare advocacy, prioritizing career advancement, reviewing policies for nurse retention improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women who live with disadvantages such as socioeconomic deprivation, substance misuse, poor mental health, or domestic abuse face inequalities in health before, during, and after pregnancy and for their infants through to childhood. Women do not experience these factors alone; they accumulate and interact. Therefore, there is a need for an overview of interventions that work across health and social care and target women at risk of inequalities in maternal or child health. Methods: Systematic review methodology will be used to identify systematic reviews from high-income countries that describe interventions aiming to reduce inequalities for women who experience social disadvantage during pregnancy. We will describe the range of interventions and their effectiveness in reducing inequalities in maternal or child health. Any individual, hospital, or community-level activity specific to women during the pre-conception, antenatal, or postpartum period up to 1 year after birth will be included, regardless of the setting in which they are delivered. We will search eight electronic databases with the pre-determined search strategy and supplement them with extensive grey literature searches. We will present a narrative synthesis, taking into account the quality assessment and coverage of included studies. Discussion: Inequalities in maternal and child health are a key priority area for national policymakers. Understanding the range and effectiveness of interventions across the perinatal period will inform policy and practice. Identifying gaps in the evidence will inform future research. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023455502. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual dysfunction poses a significant challenge for patients with cardiac conditions. Concerning the prevalence of sexual disorders in cardiovascular patients, several seminal studies conducted in various regions of the world have provided diverse facts and figures pertaining to sexual dysfunction among cardiovascular patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze, summarize, and integrate the findings of seminal studies on the effect of underlying factors and estimate the global rate of sexual disorders in cardiovascular patients. Methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis included studies conducted in 2003–2023. To find the relevant published academic papers, SID, MagIran, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar databases were searched for keywords using MeSH/Emtree until January 14, 2023. The GRADEpro software was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. The heterogeneity of studies was checked using the I2 index. Results: An initial number of 2122 studies were found in the first search. Following a precise screening process based on predefined inclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The global prevalence of sexual disorders in cardiovascular patients was estimated at 62.6% (95% CI: 49.8–73.8%). As the results of the meta-regression showed that as the sample size increased, there was a significant decrease in the overall prevalence of sexual disorders among cardiovascular patients. Additionally, as the study years progressed, both age and JBI score exhibited an upward trend. Conclusion: The present findings showed a high prevalence of sexual disorders among cardiovascular patients. Therefore, it is recommended that experts and health policymakers enhance their focus on effectively preventing and controlling these disorders. Besides the evidence achieved very low certainty, it is important for the treatment team to prioritize the sexual relations of cardiovascular patients and focus on improving their sexual function. This should be seen as an essential aspect of their overall recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The social determinants of health (SDOH) are the focus of an exponentially increasing number of publications, including evidence syntheses. However, there is not an established standard for searching for SDOH literature. This study seeks to identify published evidence syntheses pertaining to the SDOH, analyzing the search strategies used and the studies included within these reviews. The primary objectives are to compare search strategies and create a test set of SDOH publications. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for evidence syntheses that mentioned the SDOH in their research questions and included an SDOH search strategy. Relevant data extracted from each review included databases searched; search terms used for the SDOH; conceptual frameworks referenced; and the citations of primary studies included in the reviews, which were compiled to form a test set of cited papers. The relative recall of the respective search strategies was tested by documenting the total number of MEDLINE results each retrieved and the number of test set papers retrieved. Results: Sixty-four evidence syntheses were identified and included in the analysis, and 2750 cited papers were extracted. Findings indicate few commonalities across search strategies in search terms used, the total number of results retrieved, and the number of test set cited papers retrieved. One hundred and ninety-three unique MeSH terms and 1385 unique keywords and phrases were noted among the various search strategies. The number of total results retrieved by the SDOH search strategies ranged from 21,793 to over 16 million. The percentage of cited papers retrieved by the search strategies ranged from 2.46 to 97.9%. Less than 3% of the cited papers were indexed with the Social Determinants of Health MeSH. Conclusions: There has been little consistency across evidence syntheses in approaches to searching for SDOH literature. Differences in these strategies could have a significant impact on what literature is retrieved, included in reviews, and, consequently, incorporated into evidence-based practice. By documenting these differences and creating a set of papers relevant to SDOH, this research provides a snapshot of the current challenges in searching for SDOH content and lays the groundwork for the creation of a standardized search approach for SDOH literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: We conducted a comprehensive investigation to explore the pathological expression of the CXCR4 receptor in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) using [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT or PET/MRI technology. The PICO question was as follows: What is the diagnostic role (outcome) of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET (intervention) in patients with LPDs (problem/population)? Methods: The study was written based on the reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, and it was registered on the prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) website (CRD42024506866). A comprehensive computer literature search of Scopus, MEDLINE, Scholar, and Embase databases was conducted, including articles indexed up to February 2024. To the methodological evaluation of the studies used the quality assessment of diagnosis accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results: Of the 8380 records discovered, 23 were suitable for systematic review. Fifteen studies (on 571 LPD patients) focused on diagnosis and staging, and eight trials (194 LPD patients) assessed treatment response. Conclusions: The main conclusions that can be inferred from the published studies are as follows: (a) [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET may have excellent diagnostic performance in the study of several LPDs; (b) [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET may be superior to [18F]FDG or complementary in some LPDs variants and settings; (c) multiple myeloma seems to have a high uptake of [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor. Overall, this technique is probably suitable for imaging, staging, and follow-up on patients with LPD. Due to limited data, further studies are warranted to confirm the promising role of [68Ga]Ga-Pantixafor in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the main factors contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality is induced abortion. The WHO estimates that over 44 million induced abortions take place annually around the world. The majority of these abortions—about 50%—are unsafe, significantly increasing maternal morbidity and contributing to 13% of maternal deaths. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of induced abortion and its associated factors in Africa. Methods: To find literature on the prevalence of induced abortion and its associated factors, a thorough search of the internet databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar was conducted. The data were extracted using a structured method of data collection. Software called STATA 14 was used to do the analysis. funnel plot and Egger regression test were used to evaluate potential publication bias. I2 statistics and Cochrane's Q were used to measure the heterogeneity at a p-value < 0.05. Results: 976 studies were found through a thorough search of electronic databases. Finally, 46 full-text abstract papers were included in this study. The estimated pooled prevalence of induced abortion was 16% (95% CI: 13%-19%). According to the sub-group analysis, most studies were conducted in Ethiopia, and the pooled prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 10%–30%). Similarly, the subgroup analysis by year of study showed that the prevalence of induced abortion was 39% (95% CI: 17%–64%) among studies conducted in 2019. Conclusion: The results of this study thus imply that the pooled prevalence of induced abortion is higher than that of earlier studies that were published in some nations. the data from this study are needed to support reproductive and adolescent health programmers and policymakers and to formulate recommendations for future clinical practice and guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) in treating malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database (VP-CSJFD), and Wanfang database were searched by computer from database establishment to January 17, 2024. Relevant randomized controlled articles with IPHC as the observational group and intrapleural perfusion chemotherapy (IPC) as the control group for MPE were included. Then, the methodological quality of the included articles was evaluated and statistically analyzed using Stata 16.0. Results: Sixteen trials with 647 patients receiving IPHC and 661 patients receiving IPC were included. The meta-analysis found that MPE patients in the IPHC group had a more significant objective response rate [RR = 1.31, 95%CI (1.23, 1.38), P < 0.05] and life quality improvement rate [RR = 2.88, 95%CI (1.95, 4.24), P < 0.05] than those in the IPC group. IPHC and IPC for MPE patients had similar incidence rates of asthenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic impairment, and leukopenia. Conclusion: Compared with IPC, IPHC has a higher objective response rate without significantly increasing adverse reactions. Therefore, IPHC is effective and safe. However, this study is limited by the quality of the literature. Therefore, more high-quality, multi-center, large-sample, rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical studies are still needed for verification and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy can cause both maternal and obstetric complications. In various studies, factors predicting the need for surgical intervention have been evaluated, however these factors have not been systematically assessed yet. This systematic review analyzes published studies about hydronephrosis during pregnancy and determines the predictive factors for the need for surgical intervention for hydronephrosis during pregnancy. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted in January 2023 using the Medline, Web of Science and ScienceDirect/Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched these databases with the following search strategy: (intervention OR nephrostomy OR stent insertion) AND (pregnancy hydronephrosis). Results: The literature review revealed 2461 potentially eligible studies. After the screening, six studies were enrolled in this review. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high C-reactive protein level, high white blood cell count, high creatinine levels, fever, persistent pain for more than 4 days, presence of ureteral stones more than 8 mm, high grade hydronephrosis, high fetal body weight and high delta resistive index were reported to be related with the need for surgical intervention. Conclusion: The rate of symptomatic hydronephrosis and requirement for surgical intervention is low during pregnancy. However, as symptomatic hydronephrosis may cause serious obstetric complications, it is important to know the parameters that can predict patients who may need surgical intervention. These results will assist gynecologists and urologists to stratify pregnant women for surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR)-based physical exercise is an innovative and effective intervention strategy for healthcare in older adults. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of VR-based balance exercise programs on various balancing abilities of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each variable was computed by total exercise time, sensor type, avatar presence, and feedback type to determine influencing factors that lead to the success of VR-based rehabilitation programs. METHODS: The databases searched were PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, NDSL, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were: (1) independent older adults; (2) non-immersive VR exercise; (3) randomized controlled design; (4) both balance and gait data; and (5) written in English and Korean. The studies without information to compute effect sizes were excluded. Standardized mean difference was used to analyze the effect size (d). RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were finally included in this study. The main findings of this meta-analysis were as follows: (1) Non-immersive VR-based balance exercises are moderately and largely effective for improving overall balance function, (2) VR balance exercise was more effective for static balance than for gait, (3) VR exercise is more effective when avatars are presented and KP is provided as feedback. CONCLUSION: Total exercise time and mode of feedback are influencing factors that affect the effectiveness of VR-based balance exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is evidence that individuals of African ancestry, particularly those residing in Africa, suffer from an unfortunate amount of under-representation in cancer research worldwide. Aim: We aimed to analyze current research output and potentially predict future trends in neuro-oncological research in Africa. Investigating deficits in the field will assist in identifying top-performing countries, which ones face challenges, and how to solve them. Therefore, targeted interventions can be applied to overcome these challenges. Methods: We conducted a systematic computer-based search on the following databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) for research articles related to the neuro-oncological field in Africa. We aimed to retrieve any article published in the period between 1 January 2000 and 10 January 2023. Results: We included 200 eligible articles in our study. The output of neuro-oncological research has been increasing over the past two decades, peaking in 2019. Among the included articles, clinical practice issues constituted the majority (80%), while public health-related topics accounted for 20% of the publications. Regarding the type of neurological tumor, neuroblastoma was the most common, with 26 articles (13%), meningioma with 21 (10.5%), and glioma with 16 articles (8%). Conclusion: The interest in African neuro-oncological research is increasing. Hence, there is a need for ongoing efforts to address issues with clinical practice and public health related to neurological tumors in the continent. Future studies should concentrate on filling in knowledge gaps and investigating novel methods for neuro-oncological conditions that affect African populations in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumption of plum does not yet clearly affect the lipid profile. To ascertain the advantages of plum consumption on adult lipid profiles, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We used pertinent keywords to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to November 10th, 2022, in order to find trials that were eligible. According to the analyses, eating plum significantly lowers LDL levels compared to controls (WMD: −12.50 mg/dL, 95% CI: −22.06, −2.94, p =.010). Although plum consumption did not result in significant changes in TG (WMD: 0.56 mg/dL, 95% CI: −6.02, 7.15, p =.866), TC (WMD: −12.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: −25.05, 0.37, p =.057), and HDL concentrations (WMD: −0.39 mg/dL, 95% CI: −4.69, 3.89, p =.855) compared to the control group. Intake of plums, particularly the intervention type of dried plums, significantly decreased TC levels in unhealthy subjects, according to subgroup analysis. The consumption of plums had a notably statistically significant effect on LDL levels when the intervention type was dried plum and unhealthy subjects were enrolled. Due to the very low to moderate quality of meta‐evidence, to show how eating plum improves lipid profile, further high‐quality research are still essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Consensus over the definition of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) product classification in haemophilia A is lacking. rFVIII products are often classified as standard half‐life (SHL) or extended half‐life (EHL); despite this, no universally accepted definition currently exists. One proposed definition includes half‐life, area under the curve, and technology designed to extend half‐life; however, the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis defines activity over time as the most intuitive information for building treatment regimens and the World Federation of Hemophilia describes rFVIII product classification in terms of infusion frequency. Aim: To summarise published data on the clinical and pharmacokinetic criteria used to define rFVIII product classification. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE database searches of English‐language articles (2002–2022) were conducted using search strings to identify the relevant population, intervention, and outcomes (e.g., clinical and pharmacokinetic parameters). Articles then underwent title/abstract and full‐text screens. Results: Among 1147 identified articles, 62 were included. Half‐life was the most widely reported outcome with no clear trends or product groupings observed. No clear groupings emerged among other outcomes, including infusion frequency, consumption, and efficacy. As activity over time was reported in few articles, further investigation of its relevance to rFVIII product classification is warranted. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic literature review suggest that parameters other than half‐life might be important for the development of a comprehensive and clinically relevant rFVIII product classification definition. There seems to be an opportunity to consider parameters that are clinically meaningful and useful for shared decision‐making in haemophilia A treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Andrographolide (ADG) has poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. This study systematically reviews the use of solid dispersion (SD) techniques to enhance the solubility and absorption of ADG, with a focus on the methods and polymers utilized. Methodology: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus®, Embase and ScienceDirect Elsevier® up to November 2023 for studies on the solubility or absorption of ADG in SD formulations. Two reviewers independently reviewed the retrieved articles and extracted data using a standardized form and synthesized the data qualitatively. Results: SD significantly improved ADG solubility with up to a 4.7-fold increase and resulted in a decrease in 50% release time (T1/2) to less than 5 min. SD could also improve ADG absorption, as evidenced by higher Cmax and AUC and reduced Tmax. Notably, Soluplus-based SDs showed marked solubility and absorption enhancements. Among the five SD techniques (rotary evaporation, spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, freeze drying and vacuum drying) examined, spray drying emerged as the most effective, enabling a one-step process without the need for post-milling. Conclusions: SD techniques, particularly using Soluplus and spray drying, effectively enhance the solubility and absorption of ADG. This insight is vital for the future development of ADG-SD matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation (SpO 2) is an estimate of true arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2). The aim of this review was to evaluate available evidence determining the effect of skin tone on the ability of pulse oximeters to accurately estimate SaO 2. Published literature was screened to identify clinical and non-clinical studies enrolling adults and children when SpO 2 was compared with a paired co-oximetry SaO 2 value. We searched literature databases from their inception to March 20, 2023. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Certainty of assessment was evaluated using the GRADE tool. Forty-four studies were selected reporting on at least 222 644 participants (6121 of whom were children) and 733 722 paired SpO 2 –SaO 2 measurements. Methodologies included laboratory studies, prospective clinical, and retrospective clinical studies. A high RoB was detected in 64% of studies and there was considerable heterogeneity in study design, data analysis, and reporting metrics. Only 11 (25%) studies measured skin tone in 2353 (1.1%) participants; the remainder reported participant ethnicity: 68 930 (31.0%) participants were of non-White ethnicity or had non-light skin tones. The majority of studies reported overestimation of SaO 2 by pulse oximetry in participants with darker skin tones or from ethnicities assumed to have darker skin tones. Several studies reported no inaccuracy related to skin tone. Meta-analysis of the data was not possible. Pulse oximetry can overestimate true SaO 2 in people with darker skin tones. The clinical relevance of this bias remains unclear, but its magnitude is likely to be greater when SaO 2 is lower. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42023390723. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Vasovasostomy is a cost‐effective procedure for the reversal of vasectomy. A water‐tight adequately blood‐supplied mucosal anastomosis is required for better outcomes. This review aimed to compare the outcome of vasovasostomy performed by three different techniques: macroscopic, pure microsurgical, and robot‐assisted microsurgical techniques. Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies from January 1901 to June 2023. We conducted our quantitative syntheses using the inverse variance method in OpenMeta software. The study's protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Results: This review involved 95 studies of different designs, with a total sample size of 48,132. The majority of operations were performed bilaterally, and participants were monitored for up to 10 years. The pooled patency rate was the highest following robot‐assisted vasovasostomy (94.4%), followed by pure microsurgical vasovasostomy (87.5%), and macroscopic vasovasostomy (83.7%). The pooled pregnancy rate following purely microsurgical vasovasostomy was higher than that of macroscopic vasovasostomy (47.4 vs. 43.7%). Definitive pregnancy rates in robotic vasovasostomy are yet to be determined. Conclusion: Patency outcomes for vasovasostomy were best with robot‐assisted microsurgical technique, followed by pure microsurgical technique, and conventional macroscopic technique. Further investigations of robot‐assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy outcomes and randomized control trials are required to support this evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the vascularity in histological grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to determine if there is any connection between vasculogenesis and malignisation. Recent studies show no significant change in vascularity as the stage advances as opposed to the conventional concept. Methods: A comprehensive database search until December 2022 was conducted for published articles on vascularity in OSMF following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 98 articles were screened of which 13 were included for systematic evaluation. The study included 607 cases, with a definite predilection for the male gender. Of the 13 studies, 11 evaluated mean vascular density. In more than half of the studies, the vascularity decreased as the stage advanced. Similar results were obtained for endothelial cells/μm2, mean vascular area percentage and mean vascular area. Conclusion: The present review supports the prevailing concept that vascularity decreases with the advancement of the OSMF stage. This denies the systemic absorption of carcinogens into the circulation with resultant longer exposure of compromised epithelium and malignisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set out to estimate the international incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to evaluate its temporal trend over time. There is a lack of robust estimates on the worldwide incidence and trend for RRD, a major cause of acute vision loss. We conducted a systematic review of RRD incidence. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Thomson Reuters' Web of Science were searched from inception through 2nd June 2022. Random-effects meta-analysis model with logit transformation was performed to obtain pooled annual incidence estimates of RRD. Pooled analysis was performed to evaluate the temporal trend of RRD incidence of the 20,958 records identified from the database searches; 33 studies from 21 countries were included for analysis (274,836 cases of RRD in 273,977 persons). Three of the 6 global regions as defined by WHO had studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The annual international incidence of RRD was estimated to be 12.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.51–14.09) per 100,000 population; with an increasing temporal trend of RRD at 5.4 per 100,000 per decade (p 0.001) from 1997 to 2019. Amongst world regions, the RRD incidence was highest in Europe (14.52 [95% CI 11.79 – 17.88] per 100,000 population), followed by Western Pacific (10.55 [95% CI 8.71–12.75] per 100,000 population) and Regions of Americas (8.95 [95% CI 6.73–11.92] per 100,000 population). About one in 10,000 persons develop RRD each year. There is evidence of increasing trend for RRD incidence over time, with possibly doubling of the current incidence rate within the next 2 decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Purpose: Nowadays, there are emerging trends in customized and personalized photoprotection, focusing on the innovative approaches to enhance sun protection efficacy tailored to individual needs. Methods: We conducted an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Skin Register, and TESEO. Specific search terms related to personalized photoprotection and the variables of age, genetic predisposition, skin phototype, photodermatosis, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, as well as lifestyle habits were used. Results/Conclusion: The article highlights the challenges and opportunities in adopting personalized photoprotection strategies, aiming to promote skin health and prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation in the era of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Portfolio with a collection of evidence has become popular in higher education, including dental education. It is valuable to study the experiences of the use and implementation processes. Meta‐ethnography can be a suitable method to analyse, synthesize and construct interpretations of qualitative research. Our aim was to explore experiences from the use of a portfolio/e‐portfolio in dental education, from the students' and teachers' perspectives. Materials and Methods: A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Scopus and ERC was performed, and the established seven steps of a meta‐ethnographic review were used. 278 papers were initially identified, and seven were included in the final analysis. Results: Two themes (Issues to Address and Consequences) and five subthemes (Purpose, Roles, Support and Structure, Challenges and Enablers, and Gains) were constructed. Discussion: Our synthesis reflects various challenges, yet the learning gains are recognized and expressed to be important once the students and teachers have overcome early thresholds. Beyond the conclusions drawn in each paper, our synthesis provides new perspectives on the complexity of an implementation process and the balance of not seeing the woods for the trees being overwhelmed by technical and other practical aspects, reducing the opportunity for learning. Conclusion: The portfolio implementation in undergraduate dental education should address clarification to all stakeholders of the purpose and role, presenting a purposeful portfolio structure and timely support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moisturizers are designed to maintain skin health and treat dermatological conditions associated with impaired skin barrier function. However, differences in their composition account for the differences in their effect. Aims: This narrative review aims to discuss the role of barrier repair moisturizers, highlight the role of different components in a moisturizer and their role in impaired skin conditions (e.g., dry, itchy, inflamed, sensitive skin, atopic eczema), and thereby empower dermatologists and pediatricians in selecting the right moisturizer. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2023 for publications on skin barrier repair and use of barrier repair moisturizers for the treatment of dry, itchy, inflamed, sensitive skin, or atopic eczema. Studies conducted in humans, published in English for which full texts were freely available were included. Results: The structure and composition of lipid lamellae within the stratum corneum play an important role in maintaining an effective skin barrier and protecting the body from various external assaults. Endocannabinoid mediators play an active role in maintaining skin barrier function. Moisturizers containing physiological lipids and functional ingredients (e.g., endocannabinoids such as palmitoylethanolamide [PEA]) and based on the principles of biomimic technology are demonstrated to be beneficial for the management of conditions associated with a disrupted skin barrier. Conclusions: Moisturizer based on the innovative biomimic formulation has good cosmetic efficacy and is generally well tolerated, and the addition of PEA might represent a new generation of compounds that may be beneficial for long‐term management of impaired skin conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web search is a crucial technology for the digital economy. Dominated by a few gatekeepers focused on commercial success, however, web publishers have to optimize their content for these gatekeepers, resulting in a closed ecosystem of search engines as well as the risk of publishers sacrificing quality. To encourage an open search ecosystem and offer users genuine choice among alternative search engines, we propose the development of an Open Web Index (OWI). We outline six core principles for developing and maintaining an open index, based on open data principles, legal compliance, and collaborative technology development. The combination of an open index with what we call declarative search engines will facilitate the development of vertical search engines and innovative web data products (including, e.g., large language models), enabling a fair and open information space. This framework underpins the EU‐funded project OpenWebSearch.EU, marking the first step towards realizing an Open Web Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the intellectual virtues in the context of online search. Intellectual virtues are dispositions and skills that enable good thinking and wise reasoning, such as intellectual humility and attentiveness. Despite their importance, today the intellectual virtues tend to be underdeveloped across society. In light of the institutional role that online search plays in life today, there is an opportunity (perhaps an obligation) for online search to facilitate the development of intellectual virtue. The framework presented in this paper locates this development in three areas: the Searcher, the System, and Society. Major issues in information ethics and virtue epistemology are discussed for each of these areas, leading to recommendations for education, design, and research. This paper provides specific suggestions in this regard along with an agenda for future research at the intersection of ethics, epistemology, and online search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment frequently entails the distalisation of canines to address various malocclusions, involving moving the canines towards the posterior region of the dental arch. A crucial consideration in this treatment is the type of bracket material utilised, as it can impact the efficacy and efficiency of Canine Distalisation (CD). Aim: To analyse various in-vivo studies to evaluate the comparison of the rate of maxillary CD between Ceramic Brackets (CB) and Metal Brackets (MB) during fixed orthodontic treatment. Secondary factors assessed include the loss of anchorage, canine rotation, and canine tipping. Material and Methods: Articles were searched in electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. The search strategy was designed by two authors, AK and RKJ. The search did not include date restrictions. The list of references for the included articles was also searched. The systematic review included two Controlled Clinical Trials (CCT) and one Randomised Control Trial (RCT). Two authors, AK and RKJ, independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the identified studies during the literature search and then combined their findings. The information considered from the short-listed studies included the first author, year of publication, rate of CD, CB, and MB. Cochrane's Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, RoB2 tool, and the Newcastle Ottawa scale were used to analyse bias. Results: The present review incorporated three studies. The analysis of the RoB indicated low RoB in one study and fair RoB in the other two. The systematic review highlighted that there was no significant difference in the rate of CD between CB and MB. Conclusion: The available evidence was limited and of moderate quality, showing no difference in the rate of CD performed using ceramic and MB. Hence, clinically, there is no difference in using metal or CB, even though CBs are known to have higher SR in in-vitro evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in full-thickness macular holes (MHs) with a size of ≤400 μm compared to the ILM peeling technique. Methods: Related literatures that compared inverted ILM flap and ILM peeling in MHs ≤ 400 μm were reviewed by searching electronic databases including Pubmed, EMbase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library up to April 2023. The primary outcome measure was hole closure rate, and the secondary outcome measures were the mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity, and outer status of the retinal layers, including the external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone. The quality of the articles was assessed according to the revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. In the case of heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, and publication bias was visually evaluated using a funnel plot. Results: This review included six studies with 610 eyes for the primary outcome and 385 eyes for the secondary outcomes, which were two randomized control trials and four retrospective studies. Pooled data revealed that the overall MH closure rate was 99.4% in the inverted ILM flap group and 96.2% in the ILM peeling group, without significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.82~18.69; P = 0.09). The inverted ILM flap technique did not have a favorable effect on the BCVA, retinal sensitivity, or recovery of the outer retinal layers. These results were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis of the different follow-up periods. No significant publication bias was observed. Conclusion: In eyes with MHs of ≤400 μm, both techniques demonstrated excellent surgical outcomes without significant differences. Therefore, surgical techniques can be selected according to surgeon preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is widely used in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal and sports disorders with a lack of significance in patients with sprain ankle. Purpose: This review investigated the effect of PBMT on pain, oedema, and function in patients with an ankle sprain. Methods: A systematic search of the databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Physiotherapy Evidence (PEDro), and the Cochrane Databases) was performed from inception to the end of 2023 to identify any clinical study investigating the effect of PBMT on ankle sprain. PBMT parameters and measured outcomes were extracted. The primary measured outcome was pain and function, and oedema were secondary measured outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. The level of evidence was determined by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. A random effect meta-analysis with forest plot was used to calculate standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval and the overall effect size (ES). Results: Six studies (598 patients) were included in the review and five studies in the meta-analysis. There were two fair-quality and four good-quality studies, with a moderate level of evidence on pain, and a low level of evidence on oedema and function. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect of PBMT on pain with high ES [SMD − 0.88 (-1.76, -0.00), p = 0.05], with a non-significant effect on oedema and function with a medium ES [SMD − 0.70 (-1.64, 0.24), p = 0.14] on oedema and low ES on function [SMD − 0.22 (-0.69, 0.24), p = 0.35]. Significant heterogeneity was observed in all measured outcomes with high heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) in pain and oedema and moderate heterogeneity in function. Conclusion: PBMT is quite effective for patients with an ankle sprain. PBMT showed high effect size with a moderate level of evidence on pain intensity. The lack of significant effects of PBMT on function and edema with low level of evidence limit the confidence to the current results and recommend further large high-quality studies with higher PBMT intensity and fluency for standardisation of the irradiation parameters and treatment protocol. Registration: PROSPERO registration number (CRD42021292930). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Business practices have influenced human health for centuries, yet an overarching concept to study these activities across nations, time periods, and industries (called 'the commercial determinants of health' (CDH)) has emerged only recently. The purpose of this review was to assess the descriptive characteristics of CDH research and to identify remaining research gaps. Methods: We systematically searched four databases (Scopus, OVID Medline, Ovid Embase, and Ovid Global Health) on Sept 13, 2022 for literature using CDH terms that described corporate activities that have the potential to influence population health and/or health equity (n = 116). We evaluated the following characteristics of the literature: methods employed, industries studied, regions investigated, funders, reported conflicts of interest, and publication in open-access formats. Results: The characteristics of the articles included that many were conceptual (50/116 articles; 43%) or used qualitative methods (37; 32%). Only eight articles (7%) used quantitative or mixed methods. The articles most often discussed corporate activities in relation to the food and beverage (51/116; 44%), tobacco (20; 17%), and alcohol industries (19; 16%), with limited research on activities occurring in other industries. Most articles (42/58 articles reporting a regional focus; 72%) focused on corporate activities occurring in high-income regions of the world. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that literature that has used CDH terms and described corporate practices that influence human health has primarily focused on three major industries in higher-income regions of the world. Qualitative methods were the most common empirical method for investigating these activities. CDH-focused investigations of corporate practices conducted by less-studied industries (e.g., social media) and in lower-income regions are recommended. Longitudinal quantitative studies assessing the associations between corporate practices and a range of health outcomes is also a necessary next step for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outsourcing data to remote cloud providers is becoming increasingly popular amongst organizations and individuals. A semi-trusted server uses Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) to keep the search information under acceptable leakage levels whilst searching an encrypted database. A dynamic SSE (DSSE) scheme enables the adding and removing of documents by performing update queries, where some information is leaked to the server each time a record is added or removed. The complexity of structures and cryptographic primitives in most existing DSSE schemes makes them inefficient, in terms of storage, and query requests generate overhead costs on the Smart Device Client (SDC) side. Achieving constant storage cost for SDCs enhances the viability, efficiency, and easy user experience of smart devices, promoting their widespread adoption in various applications while upholding robust privacy and security standards. DSSE schemes must address two important privacy requirements: forward and backward privacy. Due to the increasing number of keywords, the cost of storage on the client side is also increasing at a linear rate. This article introduces an innovative, secure, and lightweight Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption (DSSE) scheme, ensuring Type-II backward and forward privacy without incurring ongoing storage costs and high-cost query generation for the SDC. The proposed scheme, based on an inverted index structure, merges the hash table with linked nodes, linking encrypted keywords in all hash tables. Achieving a one-time O(1) storage cost without keyword counters on the SDC side, the scheme enhances security by generating a fresh key for each update. Experimental results show low-cost query generation on the SDC side (6,460 nanoseconds), making it compatible with resource-limited devices. The scheme outperforms existing ones, reducing server-side search costs significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]