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BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on healthcare outcomes. Metrics such as area deprivation index (ADI) are used to quantify the anticipated influence of these factors. Here, we sought to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on clinical outcomes among pediatric patients with solid tumor in our region. STUDY DESIGN: We identified 3,863 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with a malignant solid tumor in the Texas Cancer Registry between 1995 and 2019. ADI was used to quantify socioeconomic determinants of health. These outcome variables were determined: stage of disease at diagnosis, time between diagnosis and treatment initiation, and overall mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression, linear regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: A total of 53.5% of patients were male and the average age at diagnosis was 4.5 years. Fortyseven percent of patients were White, 13.3% were Black, 36.2% were Hispanic, 1.7% were Asian, and other rare minority groups made up 1.8%. On multivariable analysis, increased risk of death was associated with Black race, rare minority race, residence in a border county, and increasing ADI score, with the risk of death at 5 years rising 4% with each increasing ADI point. CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants of health are associated with disparate outcomes among pediatric patients with solid tumor. Our results suggest that patients who are part of racial minority groups and those who reside in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods or regions near the Texas-Mexico border are at an increased risk of death. This information may be useful in strategizing outreach and expanding resources to improve outcomes in at-risk communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers what it could mean to say that epistemologies and methodologies are racially just or unjust. It has been argued that this has nothing to do with whether an individual researcher is racist: he or she could be anti-racist but still use an epistemology that is racially biased. To explore this issue, some pioneering research by Allison Davis, an influential African-American scholar in the 1940s and 1950s, is examined. This research dealt with the effects of social class cultures on academic achievement in the United States. While Davis was well-known at the time, his work in this field is now largely forgotten. Two senses of 'racially-just' are examined in this paper, relating: to the intrinsic character or origin of epistemologies and methodologies; or to the implications for and likely consequences of their use. Davis's investigations employed methods and assumptions that are rejected by many educational researchers today. I will address the question of whether these can be criticised as racially unjust; and, if so, on what basis. This evaluation will lead to a consideration of the broader question of the terms in which it is appropriate to assess educational research, and in particular the epistemologies and methodologies on which it depends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media use occupies a prominent space in social sciences scholarship and beyond. However, the distinction between active and passive use of social media, although important in explaining a variety of users' behaviours, has been overlooked in terms of its potential to predict key socially relevant outcomes like beliefs in conspiracy theories. In three studies (N = 1388, in total), we provide evidence on (a) the role of passive social media use in believing in conspiracy theories via personal relative deprivation; (b) the interaction effect between social media use and personal relative deprivation on beliefs in conspiracy theories. The results showed that passive social media use is linked to, and increases, beliefs in conspiracy theories and this relationship is partially mediated via increased personal relative deprivation (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 3, personal relative deprivation was also manipulated experimentally in the context of a ʻmoderation‐of‐process' design, yielding a significant interaction with social media use. The results are discussed in the light of their social and media psychological contribution and implications in the digital era, when misinformation often becomes prevalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Multiple factors have been associated with lower satisfaction scores. We hypothesize that patients with a more deprived socioeconomic status will have different patient satisfaction scores than patients of higher socioeconomic status. Methods: We reviewed Press Ganey satisfaction scores for new, outpatient visits between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018. Due to the high ceiling effects of the survey, "satisfaction" was defined as achieving a perfect score of 100. We determined social deprivation using the 2015 Area Deprivation Index (ADI) which serves as a proxy for socioeconomic status derived from zip codes. Patient satisfaction was defined as a binary variable. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors correlated with patient satisfaction. Results: There were 3239 unique new patients with completed surveys. Univariate analysis demonstrated decreased odds of achieving satisfaction for both the Total Score and Provider Sub-Score for each decile increase in ADI (OR 0.94; CI = 0.908-0.981; P =.003 and OR 0.94; CI = 0.91-0.98; P =.002 respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed the odds for reporting satisfaction for each decile increase in ADI were 0.96 for Total Score (CI = 0.921-0.998; P =.038) and 0.96 for Provider Sub-Score (CI = 0.92-0.993; P =.019). Patients in the most deprived quartile, compared to the least deprived, were significantly less likely to be satisfied with their care for both Total Score (OR 0.70; CI = 0.564-0.865; P =.001) and Provider Sub-Score (OR 0.69; CI = 0.558-0.852; P =.001). Conclusions: Increased social deprivation was an independent predictor of lower patient satisfaction in otolaryngology outpatients using the Press Ganey survey. This non-modifiable outcome should be taken into consideration when evaluating patient satisfaction scores and offers further support to the need of addressing and improving healthcare discrepancies in the field of otolaryngology. Level of Evidence: Level 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a perennial problem in correctional institutions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of bullying perpetration in young correctional institutions, and to identify environmental and personal factors as predictors of bullying perpetration. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 289 male and female young people from eight correctional institutions in Malaysia. The Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behavior Checklist (DIPC-SCALEDr) was used to measure both bullying perpetration and victimization. The study reported more than 90% of the participants engaged in at least one behavior indicative of bullying others during the 1 month period. Participants reported involvement across six bullying forms. Direct logistic regression analysis identified eight significant predictors of bullying perpetration i.e. time served in the institution, disciplinary punishment; gang membership, no self-injury, respect, bureaucratic legitimacy, fairness, and family contact. To conclude, this study confirms bullying perpetration is determined by both personal and environmental factors. Juvenile justice system can use these key findings to anchor future interventions to prevent bullying and other forms of violence in correctional institution. In the future, this study might include a focus on staff-offender bullying and protective factors for bulling perpetration in correctional institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Analyses of coronavirus disease 19 suggest specific risk factors make communities more or less vulnerable to pandemic-related deaths within countries. What is unclear is whether the characteristics affecting vulnerability of small communities within countries produce similar patterns of excess mortality across countries with different demographics and public health responses to the pandemic. Our aim is to quantify community-level variations in excess mortality within England, Italy and Sweden and identify how such spatial variability was driven by community-level characteristics. Methods We applied a two-stage Bayesian model to quantify inequalities in excess mortality in people aged 40 years and older at the community level in England, Italy and Sweden during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020–February 2021). We used community characteristics measuring deprivation, air pollution, living conditions, population density and movement of people as covariates to quantify their associations with excess mortality. Results We found just under half of communities in England (48.1%) and Italy (45.8%) had an excess mortality of over 300 per 100 000 males over the age of 40, while for Sweden that covered 23.1% of communities. We showed that deprivation is a strong predictor of excess mortality across the three countries, and communities with high levels of overcrowding were associated with higher excess mortality in England and Sweden. Conclusion These results highlight some international similarities in factors affecting mortality that will help policy makers target public health measures to increase resilience to the mortality impacts of this and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and representation of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) has been a contentious issue due to the lack of methodological standardization. This study scrutinizes the methodological innovation made by the Indian state of Kerala for identifying PwDs in its special census on disability in 2015. The study used disability data from the 15th Census of India and the Disability Census (DC) of Kerala and used descriptive statistics to compare the two on demographic, health, social, and economic dimensions. The prevalence of disability in Kerala was found to be around 2.2% in both the censuses. However, between the two data sources, the share of different disabilities varied from 1% in the case of mental retardation to as much as 10% in the case of locomotor disability. Robust data collection in two stages by trained health professionals, incorporation of detailed categories of disabling conditions, and inclusion of a large number of dimensions in DC made it an effective survey. It is important to improve the identification of PwDs to properly address their unique needs and promote an inclusive development. Defining "mental retardation" to capture disability can be derogatory to many; however, disability in mental health has been defined as "mental retardation" and "mental illness" in the 15th round of the Census of India. As a result, these are the terms that will be used throughout the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The many varieties of ambiguity shape the prospects in lower-income countries to establish viable poverty-alleviation programs, appropriately target the poor, and reduce deprivations of families applying for or participating in such programs. Ambiguity can be both a problem and an asset, potentially serving pro-poor purposes but often manipulable to drain benefits away from the poor. The distinctive functions of the decision process, as outlined in the classic policy sciences framework, are applied to cash transfers, pro-poor price subsidies, guaranteed unconditional employment, affirmative action, and resource access for the poor. The guidance for adapting these programs depends heavily on the appraisal function. This article contributes both the diagnosis of how ambiguity can undermine or contribute to the soundness of the poverty-alleviation program selection processes, and how to address these issues. It also demonstrates the utility of the classic policy sciences framework in identifying an extremely broad range of relevant considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies have discussed the Ḥanafī opinion about the ownership of agricultural land. In this study, instead, I analyze the Mālikīs' and Shāfiʿīs' views. Their madhāhib suggested that arable land was in the public ownership of the state. However, I show how the systemized deprivation of women from inheriting agricultural land in the Ottoman period motivated late Mālikīs and Shāfiʿīs to divert from the standard doctrine of their madhāhib. Late scholars suggested that Egyptian land should be owned by the cultivators, and, therefore, be inheritable by both men and women. This turn of late Mālikīs and Shāfiʿīs, which stands as an antithesis to the Ḥanafīs' development, stimulates us to think of a different mechanism of ijtihād. In this mechanism, Islamic law reform is defined by questioning and challenging the contextual reality (wāqiʿ) instead of being adjusted to it, even if this reality is not prohibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Lying Flat' mindset refers to people's low intention to self‐improvement. We hypothesized that personal relative deprivation (PRD), the negative consequence of social comparisons, is one of the reasons that might harm individuals' self‐improvement motivations. In study 1 (N = 313), we found that PRD negatively predicted self‐improvement after controlling for various confounding variables. This result is confirmed in study 2a (N = 3399) and 2b (N = 3219) by using a national representative sample. Furthermore, Study 2a found that the effect of PRD on self‐improvement was mediated by the system‐justifying belief (SJB). In study 3 (N = 160), we experimentally demonstrated that PRD harms self‐improvement and persistence via its effect on SJB. The higher PRD people experienced, the less they endorsed the SJB, which thereby reduced self‐improvement. Taken together, this research manifested that not only would PRD affect people's social beliefs (e.g. SJB) but also hinder self‐improvement motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the extensive literature on relative deprivation theory, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of individual‐ and group‐based relative deprivation (IRD and GRD, respectively) on individual‐ and group‐based outcomes, nor has research investigated the between‐person and within‐person effects of these constructs. Using two random intercept cross‐lagged panel models, we address these oversights by estimating the between‐person and average annual within‐person associations IRD and GRD have with psychological distress and collective action support in a nation‐wide longitudinal panel sample (N = 64,607). As expected, IRD and GRD were more strongly associated with psychological distress and collective action support, respectively, at the between‐person level and contemporaneously at the within‐person level. However, contrary to expectations, temporary departures in IRD and GRD predicted within‐person increases in collective action support and psychological distress, respectively. These results raise questions about how and when people respond to inequality and provide the foundations for future longitudinal research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and representation of Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) has been a contentious issue due to the lack of methodological standardization. This study scrutinizes the methodological innovation made by the Indian state of Kerala for identifying PwDs in its special census on disability in 2015. The study used disability data from the 15th Census of India and the Disability Census (DC) of Kerala and used descriptive statistics to compare the two on demographic, health, social, and economic dimensions. The prevalence of disability in Kerala was found to be around 2.2% in both the censuses. However, between the two data sources, the share of different disabilities varied from 1% in the case of mental retardation to as much as 10% in the case of locomotor disability. Robust data collection in two stages by trained health professionals, incorporation of detailed categories of disabling conditions, and inclusion of a large number of dimensions in DC made it an effective survey. It is important to improve the identification of PwDs to properly address their unique needs and promote an inclusive development. Defining ''mental retardation'' to capture disability can be derogatory to many; however, disability in mental health has been defined as ''mental retardation'' and ''mental illness'' in the 15th round of the Census of India. As a result, these are the terms that will be used throughout the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article has a double purpose. The first is to sketch the Colombian and Afro-indigenous leader Juana Julia Guzmán, by circulating some excerpts from the interviews held with her by the Fundación del Caribe team in the archives of the Centro de Documentación Regional Orlando Fals Borda in Montería. This sketch could be considered, in certain aspects, divergent from the one outlined by sociologist Orlando Fals Borda in the fourth volume of his Historia doble de la costa. This forms the basis for the second objective of this article: to explore a feature of Guzmán's feminism, namely, acuerpamiento or support. The methodology used is strategically plural, close to the multiple ones used in cultural studies. In effect, on the one hand, based on archival work, we will reproduce those parts of Guzmán's words that contribute to create an image of the actions and some characteristics of her political trajectory, somewhat contradictory and unknown to the general public. To this end, we will also approach the discussions of the researcher Víctor Negrete in his book Origen de las luchas agrarias en Córdoba. On the other hand, and making use of a perspective that we have called mestizo philosophy, we use the tools of hermeneutics to creatively analyze Guzmán's actions, together with the notion of agreement that finds its origin in the actions of the feminist Lorena Cabnal. Besides providing other coordinates based on which to think about Guzmán's feminism, different from those of popular feminism that other people have pointed out in her, we hope that this exercise will also reveal the complexity of this leader, whose political actions were not inevitable, nor were they the product of the deprivation into which she was born and raised, but were determined by situations and decisions, such as supporting the political actions of others different from her. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated a directional link between rage rumination and aggression. However, recent research suggests that this relationship is bidirectional. The current study examined the complex relationships between anger rumination and aggression using a moderated network approach in a longitudinal design while considering personal relative deprivation. Method: A total of 665 participants (59.25% female, agemean±SD = 19.01 ± 1.25) were enrolled at two‐time points. Assessments included self‐report measures of the Anger Rumination Scale, Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Relative Deprivation Scale. A Moderated Network Model (MMN) was used to test the complex links among anger rumination, aggression, and personal relative deprivation. Results: The analysis revealed that the link between anger rumination and aggression was complex and bidirectional. Notably, as the level of personal relative deprivation increased, verbal aggression had a positive conditional effect on anger afterthoughts in Wave 2, and thoughts of revenge had a positive conditional effect on verbal aggression in Wave 2. Moreover, as the first discovery, anger afterthoughts and anger had a negative conditional effect on each other across levels of personal relative deprivation in Wave 2. In addition, network comparison indicates that the MNMs structure was significantly different across timepoints, implying that anger rumination and aggression were inextricably linked in college students during isolation and that this complicated relationship was weakened after isolation. Conclusions: This study deepens our understanding of the bidirectional relationships between anger rumination and aggression and recognizes the moderating role of personal relative deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Participation in extracurricular activities (ECAs) during high school is likely to be associated with higher intrinsic motivation, as well as lower externalizing problems and depressive symptoms, particularly for students in schools located in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, few studies have explored the processes underlying these positive associations. In this study, we examined whether peer relatedness and school belonging mediated the links between participation in these activities and adolescent academic and psychosocial adjustment and whether another indicator of poverty, namely material deprivation, moderated these links. Methods: Canadian students (n = 638; 59% girls) at disadvantaged high schools were surveyed at two‐time points. Results and Conclusions: Results show that peer relatedness can explain the associations between extracurricular activity participation and (a) school intrinsic motivation and (b) depressive symptoms. Results also revealed that the indirect effect involving the number of activities, peer relatedness, and depressive symptoms was only significant among students living in highly deprived areas. These results highlight the contribution of peer relatedness as a potential mediator of the positive association connecting extracurricular activity participation to adjustment among disadvantaged students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a partial defence of the Epicurean claim that death is not bad for the one who dies. Unlike Epicurus and his present‐day advocates, this defence relies not on a hedonistic or empiricist conception of value but on the concept of 'existential' value. Existential value is agent‐relative value for which it is constitutive that it can be truly self‐ascribed in the first person and present tense. From this definition, it follows that death (post‐mortem non‐existence), while perhaps bad in some respects, cannot be an existential harm for the one who dies. This paper argues that existential goods are central to any explanation of why life appears good to us from a self‐interested perspective, which means that death is not bad in the very respect in which life is most saliently good (from that perspective). A corresponding error theory shows why this truth is easily overlooked and explains why we tend to think that death is significantly worse than it really is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational: Stress is a major trigger for drug relapse in humans and animal models, even after prolonged abstinence. However, animal models for stress-induced relapse were criticized for the lack of predictive and face validity. Objectives: Here we investigated the effect of acute food deprivation stress in a novel stress-induced relapse model using voluntary, punishment-imposed abstinence from heroin. We also performed a detailed characterization of the development of punishment-imposed abstinence. Methods: Male rats were trained to self-administered heroin (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 2 weeks, using the seeking-taking chained schedule. Pressing the 'seeking' lever led to the insertion of the 'taking' lever and pressing the take lever resulted in heroin infusion. Following self-administration training, rats were exposed to 8 or 21 days of heroin-seeking punishment. During punishment, 30% of the completed seek links resulted in a mild escalating footshock instead of take lever presentation. Next, rats were tested for heroin seeking under extinction conditions after 24 h of food deprivation and sated conditions. Results: Probabilistic punishment of seeking lever responses resulted in gradual suppression of heroin seeking and taking. Exposure to food-deprivation stress induced a robust relapse to heroin seeking after short and long punishment-imposed abstinence periods, without significant effects of time, i.e., no incubation of heroin seeking. Individual differences were observed in the development of punishment-induced abstinence and stress-induced relapse. Conclusions: These results suggest that stress is a reliable trigger to relapse even after a prolonged period of punishment-induced, voluntary abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Patients Presenting with Psychosocial Crisis. Topics include the impact of a crisis, and the different types of crisis, including acute single event crisis and chronic state of crisis or complex trauma; and the importance of the psychosocial dimension of crisis management, and how it can help strengthen crisis management in general impairment, and instability.

The article reports that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various psychosocial issues, as people are experiencing social anxiety related to returning to pre-pandemic social situations. Topics include anxiety and depression is related to fear of the disease, loss of income, children at home, and online learning; and Pre-pandemic social anxiety is a predictor of anxiety and depression during the pandemic, but social anxiety is highly related to COVID-related impairment.

We examined whether family care following early‐life deprivation buffered the association between stressful life events (SLEs) and executive functioning (EF) in adolescence. In early childhood, 136 institutionally reared children were randomly assigned to foster care or care‐as‐usual; 72 never‐institutionalized children served as a comparison group. At age 16 years, adolescents (n = 143; 54% female; 67.1% Romanian) self‐reported recent SLEs, completed a battery of memory and EF tasks, and completed a go/nogo task in which mediofrontal theta power (MFTP) was measured using electroencephalogram. More independent SLEs predicted lower EF and more dependent SLEs predicted lower MFTP, but only among adolescents with prolonged early deprivation. Findings provide preliminary evidence that family care following early deprivation may facilitate resilience against stress during adolescence on EF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I investigate backward-looking accounts of death's badness. I begin by reviewing deprivationism—the standard, forward-looking account of death's badness. On deprivationism, death is bad for its victims when it deprives them of a good future. This account famously faces two problems—Lucretius's symmetry problem and the preemption problem. This motivates turning to backward-looking accounts of death's badness on which death is bad for its victim (in a respect) when it involves a decline from a good life. I distinguish three different backward-looking accounts of death's badness in terms of decline, and I argue for the attractiveness of one in particular. I conclude by considering how the backward-looking consideration of decline might factor into our overall account of death's badness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite abundant evidence of the detrimental effects of childhood adversity, its nature and underlying mechanisms remain contested. One influential theory, the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology, proposes deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience. In this preregistered analysis of data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we used a network and clustering approach to assess the dimensionality of relationships between childhood adversity and adolescent cognition and emotional functioning, and we used recursive partitioning to identify timing effects. We found evidence that deprivation and threat are separate dimensions of adversity and that early experiences of deprivation cluster with later measures of cognition and emotional functioning. This cluster varies by age of exposure; it includes fewer forms of deprivation as children grow from infancy to middle childhood. Our measures did not form a specific cluster linking threat to emotional functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the smartphone addiction and employee performance levels of healthcare personnel working in a university hospital and to investigate their relationship. Design and Method: This study is descriptive and correlational design. The data collection tool consisted of the Descriptive Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Employee Performance Scale. Findings: The majority of participants were female, aged 30 and younger, working night shifts, and physicians. The majority of those who run out of monthly data bundles said they purchase once‐off bundles. There was a negative statistically significant relationship between smartphone addiction and employee performance. Practice Implications: Healthcare employees' level of smartphone addiction adversely affects employee performance and it is recommended for the managers of the institution to develop internal strategies to prevent those effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence gathered since the late 2000s has suggested that a part of the working class goes through episodes of poverty without becoming chronically poor. Drawing on a project conceived to capture successful movements that escape severe or extreme destitution and deprivation, and based on an ethnography of28 families in two public housing estates in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, this article shows how poverty emerged in their lives, under what conditions it was possible to overcome it, and how they identify the positions they have conquered within structures of inequalities and social hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of use is fundamentally about the denial of property rights regardless of its intended use. Property ownership vests the owner with certain intrinsic rights, including the right to use or not use. When they are deprived of that choice through the tortious conduct of another, that deprivation is compensable. This Article reviews the historical origins of loss of use law to determine that tort victims denied the right to use their property must be compensated regardless of how they would have chosen to use their property. Because these damages do not depend on the owner's actual use, loss of use should be thought of as loss of right to use. The Article then aims to define fair and reasonable compensation by arguing that the proper measure of damages for loss of right to use is daily market rental value for the period of deprivation. This simplified definition provides courts with a workable measure of damages that alleviates the need for judicial speculation while holding true to the goal of placing tort victims back in their original position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: In previous research, the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets has been shown to be related to the spatial distribution of crime. However, the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets is also related to the spatial distribution of other retail (and non‐retail) activities. We measured whether a residual relationship between alcohol outlets and crime remains statistically significant after controlling for retail density. Design and setting: A cross‐sectional analysis of area unit data for Hamilton, New Zealand. Measurements: We constructed index measures of retail density using principal component analysis, based on counts of retail outlets (non‐alcohol outlets alone and all outlets in total). We estimated the relationship between outlets and police calls‐for‐service using negative binomial regression, controlling for social deprivation, population and demographics. In our primary analysis, we employed a two‐stage process that first accounted for the correlation between calls‐for‐service and retail density in a negative binomial regression model, then tested for correlation between alcohol outlet counts and the first‐stage residuals. Findings The spatial distributions of retail outlets of all types were highly correlated with each other, and all types of retail outlets (alcohol and non‐alcohol) were correlated with crime, after controlling for social deprivation, population and demographics. After controlling for index measures of retail density and other controls, statistically significant semipartial correlations remained with counts of alcohol outlets of all types. For example, in our preferred specification, which controlled for non‐alcohol retail density in the first stage, an additional off‐licence alcohol outlet was associated with 97.34 (95% confidence interval = 36.66–158.0) additional police calls‐for service. Conclusions: There is a positive relationship between the spatial distribution of alcohol outlets and the spatial distribution of crime that appears to persist even after controlling for non‐alcohol retail density. The relationship between alcohol outlets and crime is not simply an artefact of retail geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scant research has investigated the potential influence of personal relative deprivation on moral disengagement, and little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Inspired by relative deprivation theory, this study proposed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between personal relative deprivation and moral disengagement by examining the mediating role of malicious envy and the moderating role of Honesty–Humility. Five hundred and eighty‐nine Chinese adults completed anonymous measures of personal relative deprivation, malicious envy, Honesty–Humility, and moral disengagement. Results revealed that personal relative deprivation was positively correlated with moral disengagement and that malicious envy fully mediated this relationship. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that Honesty–Humility moderated the relationship between personal relative deprivation and malicious envy and that between malicious envy and moral disengagement. Specifically, both relationships became weaker for adults with higher levels of Honesty–Humility. These findings not only highlight the importance of identifying the underlying mechanisms between personal relative deprivation and moral disengagement, but also provide valuable implications for the effective prevention and mitigation of moral disengagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The link between social deprivation and the development of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is still widely debated. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between lower limb amputation, social deprivation level, and inequalities in access to care service among people with DFU. This regional pilot study was conducted at the living area level and based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using hospital and primary care claim data in the Languedoc‐Roussillon region. DFUs were determined using an original algorithm of care consumption or hospital diagnosis. The primary end point was amputation at 1 year. Secondary end points were mortality at 1 year and impact of potential access to care on amputation. Results: We included 15,507 people from 2015 to 2017. Amputation and mortality rates were 17.5 and 117 per 1000 person‐years. The least precarious living areas showed better prognoses (relative risk = 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.66). Territorial accessibility to a private‐practice nurse, unlike physician accessibility, was associated with better results on major outcomes (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This is the first study using SNDS to study the care pathway of DFU management within and outside the hospital. High social deprivation in a living areas seems to be associated with more major amputations after a DFU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A history of group traumatization exerts significant influence on group members as well as their outgroup relations. In particular, historical trauma events and their ongoing repercussions may lead to feelings of control deprivation within groups. Members of traumatized groups are prone to believe in conspiracy theories, including ones that are anti‐Semitic in nature, in an attempt to find explanations for their trauma and regain some sense of control. Often, these narratives depict Jews as those who possess control. In our study, we examine how the frequency of thoughts about historical trauma as well as historical trauma symptoms (behavioral, emotional, and depressive tendencies) are related to three forms of antisemitism: traditional antisemitism, secondary antisemitism, and a belief in anti‐Semitic conspiracy theories. The study was conducted in Hungary (N = 350) where traumatic historical events often reverberate in the national narratives. The results indicate that a higher frequency of thoughts about historical trauma is associated with higher prejudice across all three forms of antisemitism. The effects of historical trauma on secondary and conspiracy antisemitism were partly driven by behavioral symptoms of historical trauma. The explanations and implications of these results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three decades, an extensive body of research evidence has emerged on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and a range of negative outcomes, including offending. Using data from a Scottish child cohort study, this article seeks to better understand how both ACEs and material deprivation influence childhood offending. We show that while the number of ACEs is a strong predictor of childhood offending, certain types of childhood adversity are of greater importance than others. We also find that living in persistent poverty at the neighbourhood level remains a key predictor of childhood offending, but there are complex interactions between poverty and ACEs that should be considered in developing policy responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration has been a prominent political issue for decades, but particularly so with rising national populism. To understand current anti‐immigration opinion, we turn to the concept of relative deprivation, which, we argue, is fundamentally about entitlement and is at the heart of popular backlash against immigration. Examining the United Kingdom context, we predicted that immigration attitudes would be contingent on immigrant group status, with immigrants from low‐status or poorer countries (Poland, India) more likely to be perceived as encroaching on the majority group's entitlements than those from high‐status or richer countries (Germany, Australia). We further proposed moral devaluation (dehumanization and distrust) as a novel mechanism (over and above prejudice) underlying the conditional effects of relative deprivation on support for formal (anti‐immigration policies) and informal (hate crime) means of immigrant exclusion. A pilot study (n = 245) and cross‐sectional survey (n = 490) results supported our main prediction that status matters: participants felt more deprived relative to low‐ than high‐status immigrants, and this predicted stronger support for anti‐immigration policies both directly and through higher distrust (but not dehumanization). This research highlights the need to unpack the generic 'immigrant' category and study anti‐immigration sentiment in terms of group status and moral devaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study applies an adapted Family Stress Model (FSM) to analyze the relationship between child material deprivation and intra‐family conflict about money using a nationally representative survey of children in England in 2018. Background: The standard FSM holds that poverty is experienced by parents who, in turn, impact children. Drawing on new social studies of childhood, the authors posit that the model does not recognize children as social actors—with direct experiences of poverty—nor as social agents who co‐construct parent–child relationships in a context of poverty. Method: The authors use secondary survey data from Fair Shares and Families, which investigated children's and parents' experiences of, and involvement in, the sharing of family resources. The authors estimate linear structural equation models to test an adapted FSM, which includes separate pathways (for parents and children) from economic hardship to intra‐family conflict. Results: Both parent‐ and child‐reported economic pressure and psychological distress have significant direct and indirect associations with intra‐family conflict. The adapted model works the same way in lower and higher income households, as well as in lone parent and couple‐headed families. Conclusion: Children's experiences as social actors and influence as social agents are important in shaping parent–child relationships. This suggests that the standard FSM is limited in its insights about how economic hardship affects children and families and its policy applications for interventions to mitigate the impacts of child poverty. Research applying the FSM should seek to conceptualize children as active "child‐beings," rather than as passive "adult‐becomings." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data gaps limit knowing micro-level time trends in well-being and inequalities in small-scale rural societies of the Global South. • A 2002–2010 panel from Tsimane' (horticulturists) is used for an exploratory analysis of trends of 21 indicators of well-being and inequalities. • During the nine years, wealth, perceived health, and the cash value of foods eaten improved; protein and calorie consumption fell. • No trends in economic inequality or marked gender differences in objective or hedonic measures of well-being appeared. • Indicators studied apart allow seeing trend diversity; macronutrient inequality proxies for income inequality in small-scale rural societies. Knowing what happens over time to the lifeways of people in contemporary small-scale non-industrial societies of the rural Global South matters because it helps assess changes in the quality of life of underrepresented groups. It has been hard to answer the question because longitudinal information is rarely collected in such settings. A longitudinal dataset of nine years (2002–2010) from a horticultural-foraging society of Indigenous People in the Bolivian Amazon (Tsimane') is used for an exploratory analysis of micro-level trends in indicators of well-being and economic inequalities. We selected 13 Tsimane' villages (from ∼ 100) that varied in proximity to town and surveyed all households in each village. ∼ 240 households were followed yearly to estimate trends of 21 outcomes (e.g., income, sociality, macronutrients). For each economic outcome, annual and all-years-combined Gini coefficients were estimated for the entire sample across the 13 villages. We show a rise in total asset wealth, a change in asset composition (less traditional wealth, more commercial wealth), higher monetary value of foods eaten, and better-perceived health, but a decline in caloric and protein consumption and no marked gender differences in objective or hedonic measures of well-being. Economic inequalities were non-trivial and showed no marked trend but varied between years; asset inequality varied less than income inequality. We document the value of longitudinal, locally grounded indexes of well-being to obtain a granular view of micro-level changes in well-being and the possible use of inequality in the consumption of calories and macronutrients as a valid proxy for income inequality in rural areas of the Global South with tenuous links to the market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its development, Singh's 2003 Area Deprivation Index (ADI) has been routinely used by researchers to measure a global construct of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and to investigate how living in neighborhoods of different levels of socioeconomic deprivation affects individuals' health. We empirically tested the ADI's dimensionality, using 2013–2017 American Community Survey tract-level estimates (N = 73,056), and the stability of its performance across time and place. Factor analysis findings illuminated three distinct dimensions, the ADI-3, consisting of neighborhood financial strength, economic hardship and inequality, and educational attainment. The prior-assumed unidimensional ADI measure fails standard tests of construct validity. Findings from multigroup structural equation modeling across 2009 and 2017 and between New York and Minnesota suggest that the ADI performs with only partial stability across time and place. In order to most precisely understand the complex role of neighborhood socioeconomic position in health, public health researchers must integrate construct-valid and regionally and temporally relevant measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France was associated with high excess mortality, and anecdotal evidence pointed to differing excess mortality patterns depending on social and environmental determinants. In this study we aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of excess mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in France and relate it at the subnational level to contextual determinants from various dimensions (socioeconomic, population density, overall health status, healthcare access etc.). We also explored whether the determinants identified at the national level varied depending on geographical location.Methods: We used available national data on deaths in France to calculate excess mortality by department for three age groups: 0-49, 50-74 and > 74 yrs. between March 1st and April 27th, 2020. We selected 15 variables at the department level that represent four dimensions that may be related to overall mortality at the ecological level, two representing population-level vulnerabilities (morbidity, social deprivation) and two representing environmental-level vulnerabilities (primary healthcare supply, urbanization). We modelled excess mortality by age group for our contextual variables at the department level. We conducted both a global (i.e., country-wide) analysis and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to account for the spatial variations in excess mortality.Results: In both age groups, excess all-cause mortality was significantly higher in departments where urbanization was higher (50-74 yrs.: β = 15.33, p < 0.001; > 74 yrs.: β = 18.24, p < 0.001) and the supply of primary healthcare providers lower (50-74 yrs.: β = - 8.10, p < 0.001; > 74 yrs.: β = - 8.27, p < 0.001). In the 50-74 yrs. age group, excess mortality was negatively associated with the supply of pharmacists (β = - 3.70, p < 0.02) and positively associated with work-related mobility (β = 4.62, p < 0.003); in the > 74 yrs. age group our measures of deprivation (β = 15.46, p < 0.05) and morbidity (β = 0.79, p < 0.008) were associated with excess mortality. Associations between excess mortality and contextual variables varied significantly across departments for both age groups.Conclusions: Public health strategies aiming at mitigating the effects of future epidemics should consider all dimensions involved to develop efficient and locally tailored policies within the context of an evolving, socially and spatially complex situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whilst the benefits of physical activity for health and wellbeing are recognised, population levels of activity remain low. Significant inequalities exist, with socioeconomically disadvantaged populations being less physically active and less likely to participate in community events. We investigated the perceived benefits from participation in a weekly running/walking event called parkrun by those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas and doing the least physical activity.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was emailed to 2,318,135 parkrun participants in the UK. Demographic and self-reported data was collected on life satisfaction, happiness, health status, physical activity, motives, and the perceived benefits of parkrun. Motivation, health status and benefits were compared for sub-groups defined by physical activity level at parkrun registration and residential Index of Multiple Deprivation.Results: 60,000 completed surveys were received (2.7% of those contacted). Respondents were more recently registered with parkrun (3.1 v. 3.5 years) than the parkrun population and had a higher frequency of parkrun participation (14.5 v. 3.7 parkruns per year). Those inactive at registration and from deprived areas reported lower happiness, lower life satisfaction and poorer health compared to the full sample. They were more likely to want to improve their physical health, rather than get fit or for competition. Of those reporting less than one bout of activity per week at registration, 88% (87% in the most deprived areas) increased their physical activity level and 52% (65% in the most deprived areas) reported improvements to overall health behaviours. When compared to the full sample, a greater proportion of previously inactive respondents from the most deprived areas reported improvements to fitness (92% v. 89%), physical health (90% v. 85%), happiness (84% v. 79%) and mental health (76% v. 69%).Conclusion: The least active respondents from the most socioeconomically deprived areas reported increases to their activity levels and benefits to health and wellbeing since participating in parkrun. Whilst the challenge of identifying how community initiatives like parkrun can better engage with underrepresented populations remains, if this can be achieved they could have a critical public health role in addressing inequalities in benefits associated with recreational physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminological studies assert that individuals' psychological cognition and emotional resentment mediate the effect of economic deprivation on individual violence; however, a limited number of studies have empirically addressed these subjective mediations. Furthermore, the effect of relative deprivation in Asian counties is seldom investigated. To fill this gap, we construct theoretical path models and examine the argument of relative deprivation in South Korea. A total of 2,040 individuals are surveyed face to face through stratified random sampling. The results show that the objective status of economic inequality does not directly affect individual violence. We conclude that the subjective perception of deprivation and emotional response are essential mediators for the effect of economic deprivation on individual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of absolute deprivation (proxy unemployment) and relative deprivation (proxy income inequality) on homicide levels in Brazil. A database from the Brazilian Information System about Mortality and Census of the year 2000 and 2010 was used to estimate negative binomial models of homicide levels controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors. Findings show that unemployment and income inequality affect homicides levels and that the effect of the former is more pronounced compared to the latter. Moreover, the combination of income inequality and unemployment exacerbates the overall effect of deprivation on homicide levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Institutional deprivation in early childhood is associated with neuropsychological deficits in adolescence. Using 20-year follow-up data from a unique natural experiment – the large-scale adoption of children exposed to extreme deprivation in Romanian institutions in the 1980s –we examined, for the first time, whether such deficits are still present in adulthood and whether they are associated with deprivation-related symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Adult neuropsychological functioning was assessed across five domains (inhibitory control, emotion recognition, decision-making, prospective memory and IQ) in 70 previously institutionalized adoptees (mean age = 25.3, 50% female) and 22 non-deprived UK adoptees (comparison group, mean age = 24.6, 41% female). ADHD and ASD symptoms were assessed using parent-completed questionnaires. Results: Early institutionalization was associated with impaired performance on all tasks in adulthood. Prospective memory deficits persisted after controlling for IQ. ADHD and ASD symptoms were positively correlated. After controlling for ASD symptoms, ADHD symptoms remained associated with deficits in IQ, prospective memory, proactive inhibition, decision-making quality and emotion recognition. ASD symptoms were not independently associated with neuropsychological deficits when accounting for their overlap with ADHD symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the link between childhood deprivation and adult ADHD symptoms was statistically explained by deprivation-related differences in adult IQ and prospective memory. Conclusions: These results represent some of the most compelling evidence to date of the enduring power of early, time-limited childhood adversity to impair long-term neuropsychological functioning across the lifespan – effects that are linked specifically to deprivation-related adult ADHD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central capabilitarian theories of well-being focus exclusively on actual opportunities to attain states of being and doing that people have reason to value. Consequently, these theories characterise ill-being and disadvantage as deprivations of such opportunities and attainments. However, some well-being aspects are inherently negative. They make up the difference between not being well and being unwell in that they constitute ill-being. While disadvantage can be plausibly captured by deprivations, ill-being cannot be fully captured by them. I support this claim by analysing cases involving inherently negative aspects of homelessness that are not mere deprivations of opportunities to attain beings and doings that people have reason to value. I conclude that ill-being is not only about what one cannot be and do, but also about one's enduring, and opportunities to avoid, negative beings and doings. Theories and policies should reflect this to get things right, and to do right by people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies propose that anti-Americanism in the Arab region is fueled by American interventions, citizens' religion, and relative deprivation. However, these three have not been addressed simultaneously or integrated into one framework. This study does so by developing and testing a context-dependent framework. Empirically, we apply multilevel regression to 32 Global Attitudes Project and 34 Arab Barometer surveys that cover more than 58,000 respondents. Contrasting dominant understandings, we find that American interventions fuel both political and societal anti-Americanism and that relatively deprived citizens are not more anti-American. Moreover, our results show (highly religious) Muslims are more politically and societally anti-American than (less religious) non-Muslims, particularly in Arab countries with fewer (highly religious) Muslims and American interventions. Altogether, anti-Americanism is context-dependent and shaped by different but interconnected mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is usually measured at the household level; however, there is growing evidence that households do not share their resources equally. Using data from the material deprivation module in the 2014 Living Conditions Survey this article provides new insight on intra-household inequality in contexts of recession. Households strive to protect children from poverty but are not always able to do so. The combination of adult and child-specific deprivation measures permits the identification of a subset of particularly vulnerable households that are often deprived of basic needs. Additionally, a substantial minority of children do not have their social, leisure and extended educational needs covered. The article argues for more ambitious policy interventions to protect households with children, particularly in times of recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the male predominance in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma by evaluating the preventive potential of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This matched cohort study was based on a national Swedish database of prostate cancer patients in 2006–2013. Prostate cancer patients receiving ADT were the exposed group. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed control group. The participants were followed until a diagnosis of esophageal or gastric cancer, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma among ADT-exposed compared to unexposed was calculated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for confounders. There was a risk reduction of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma among ADT-users compared to non-users (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.24–0.98]). No such decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.17 [95% CI 0.60–2.32]), cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.40–2.46]), or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.31–3.13]). This study indicates that androgen deprivation therapy decreases the risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, while no decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, or esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social deprivation has been shown to affect access to health care services, and influences outcomes for a variety of physical and psychological conditions. However, the impact on patient satisfaction remains less clear. The objective of this study was to determine if social deprivation is an independent predictor of patient satisfaction, as measured by the Press Ganey® Outpatient Medical Practice Survey (PGOMPS).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed unique new adult patient (≥ 18 years of age) seen at a tertiary academic hospital and rural/urban outreach hospitals/clinics between January 2014 and December 2017. Satisfaction was defined a priori as achieving a score above the 33rd percentile. The 2015 Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used to determine social deprivation (lower score signifies less social deprivation). Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to determine the impact of ADI on PGOMPS total and provider sub-scores while controlling for variables previously shown to impact scores (wait time, patient age, sex, race, specialty type, provider type, and insurance status).Results: Univariate analysis of PGOMPS total scores revealed a 4% decrease in odds of patient satisfaction per decile increase in ADI (p < 0.001). Patients within the most deprived quartile were significantly less likely to report satisfaction compared to the least deprived quartile (OR 0.79, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of achieving satisfaction decreased 2% for each decile increase in ADI on the Total Score (p < 0.001), independent of other variables previously shown to impact scores. For PGOMPS Provider Sub-Score, univariate analysis showed that patients in the lowest ADI quartile were significantly less likely be satisfied, as compared to the least deprived quartile (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.70-0.86; p < 0.001). A 5% decrease in a patient being satisfied was observed for each decile increase in ADI (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.94-0.96; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Social deprivation was an independent predictor of outpatient visit dissatisfaction, as measured by the Press Ganey® Outpatient Medical Practice Survey. These results necessitate consideration when developing health care delivery policies that serve to minimize inequalities between patients of differing socioeconomic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is now widely recognised as multidimensional, with indicators including healthcare, housing and sanitation. Yet, relational approaches that foreground political-cultural processes remain marginalised in policy discourses. Focusing on India, we review a wide range of relational approaches to rural poverty. Beginning with early approaches that focus on structural reproduction of class, caste and to a lesser extent gender inequality, we examine new relational approaches developed in the last two decades. The new approaches examine diverse ways in which poverty is experienced and shapes mobilisations against deprivation. They draw attention to poor people's own articulations of deprivation and alternate conceptions of well-being. They also show how intersecting inequalities of class, caste and gender shape governance practices and political movements. Despite these important contributions, the new relational approaches pay limited attention to technologies and ecologies in shaping the experience of poverty. Reviewing studies on the Green Revolution and wider agrarian transformations in India, we then sketch the outlines of a hybrid relational approach to poverty that combines socio-technical and -ecological dynamics. We argue that such an approach is crucial to challenge narrow economising discourses on poverty and to bridge the policy silos of poverty alleviation and (environmentally) sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background People from South Asian and black minority ethnic groups are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unknown whether deprivation mediates this excess ethnic risk. Methods We used UK Biobank with linked COVID-19 outcomes occurring between 16th March 2020 and 24th August 2020. A four-way decomposition mediation analysis was used to model the extent to which the excess risk of testing positive, severe disease and mortality for COVID-19 in South Asian and black individuals, relative to white individuals, would be eliminated if levels of high material deprivation were reduced within the population. Results We included 15 044 (53.0% women) South Asian and black and 392 786 (55.2% women) white individuals. There were 151 (1.0%) positive tests, 91 (0.6%) severe cases and 31 (0.2%) deaths due to COVID-19 in South Asian and black individuals compared with 1471 (0.4%), 895 (0.2%) and 313 (0.1%), respectively, in white individuals. Compared with white individuals, the relative risk of testing positive for COVID-19, developing severe disease and COVID-19 mortality in South Asian and black individuals were 2.73 (95% CI: 2.26, 3.19), 2.96 (2.31, 3.61) and 4.04 (2.54, 5.55), respectively. A hypothetical intervention moving the 25% most deprived in the population out of deprivation was modelled to eliminate between 40 and 50% of the excess risk of all COVID-19 outcomes in South Asian and black populations, whereas moving the 50% most deprived out of deprivation would eliminate over 80% of the excess risk of COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusions The excess risk of COVID-19 outcomes in South Asian and black communities could be substantially reduced with population level policies targeting material deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) populations are at an increased risk of developing COVID-19 and consequentially more severe outcomes compared to White populations. The aim of this study was to quantify how much of the disproportionate disease burden can be attributed to ethnicity and deprivation as well as its interaction. An ecological study was conducted using data derived from the Office for National Statistics data at a Local Authority District (LAD) level in England between 1st March and 17th April 2020. The primary analysis examined how age adjusted COVID-19 mortality depends on ethnicity, deprivation, and the interaction between the two using linear regression. The secondary analysis using spatial regression methods allowed for the quantification of the extent of LAD spillover effect of COVID-19 mortality. We find that in LADs with the highest deprivation quartile, where there is a 1 percentage point increase in "Black-African (regression coefficient 2.86; 95% CI 1.08–4.64)", "Black-Caribbean (9.66: 95% CI 5.25–14.06)" and "Bangladeshi (1.95: 95% CI 1.14–2.76)" communities, there is a significantly higher age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality compared to respective control populations. In addition, the spatial regression results indicated positive significant correlation between the age-adjusted mortality in one LAD and the age-adjusted mortality in a neighbouring LAD, suggesting a spillover effect. Our results suggest targeted public health measures to support those who are deprived and belong to BAME communities as well as to encourage restricted movement between different localities to limit disease propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]