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Utilization of distillery stillage from bioethanol production for lactic acid and feed production was studied. The lactic acid fermentation of the stillage was performed by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 and maximal lactic acid concentration of 50.18 g L − 1 , yield of 0.90 g g − 1 , productivity of 1.48 g L − 1 h − 1 and viable cell number of 5 × 10 9 CFU mL − 1 were achieved. Solid residues with biomass remains after lactic acid fermentation were assessed for animal consumption. The content of proteins and ash decreased in the residues after the fermentation, whilst the content of oil and nitrogen free extract was higher when compared to unfermented samples. The digestible (17480.64 kJ kg − 1 ) and metabolisable (17389.08 kJ kg − 1 ) energies as well as digestibility (966.95 g kg − 1 ) of the fermentation residue were very high. The in vitro assessment of L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 survival in simulated gastric conditions has shown high survival rate (87%). In addition, this bacterium has shown good antimicrobial activity against the most important pathogens and capability to produce exopolysaccharide on different sugars present in animal diet. After effective lactic acid fermentation, the residues could be recommended as a high quality feed for monogastric animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The problem of complex utilization of distillery stillage is relevant for environmental and economic performance of enterprises. Materials and methods. Studies were carried out in an unstirred batch sell using ultrafiltration membrane UPM-10 (ZAO STC "Vladipor", Russia). The corn stillage was used for the experiments. Results. It was observed, that permeate flux increased linearly with increasing the operating pressure in the range from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa. The further increases of the driving force lead to the decrease of the flux through the membrane. This can be explained by the formation of the dynamic membrane that results in increasing of mass transfer resistance. It can also be supposed that the membrane compaction can take place at pressure higher than 0.4MPa. The influence of temperature on ultrafiltration of distillery stillage was investigated. The linear increasing of the permeate flux was observed with increasing of the temperature from 20 to 60°C. The permeate flux of the UPM-10 membrane was the same in the range of the temperature from 60 to 70 °C. The permeate flux was the highest at these tempearures. It was supposed, that it is connected with the increase of the concentration polarization. The lower permeate flux at the temperature below 60 °C can be explained by the decrease of the solution viscosity. During the concentaration of grain stillage the retentate was obtained with total solids content of 20 % which can be further dried. Permeate can be re-used for mixing or treated by membrane methods, such as reverse osmosis or membrane distillation. Conclusions. Ultrafiltration can be used for separation and concentration of permeate of grain stillage. On the basis of the calculations of the specific energy consumption, as well as the experimental data it was concluded that the optimal operating pressure for ultrafiltration is 0.4 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to characterise wine-related wastewaters and ascertain the wastewater concentrations that were optimal for treatment by Trametes pubescens. Laccase production was also monitored. Crudely purified laccase was tested independently to determine its role in phenolic compounds degradation and colour change. The fungal treatment resulted in decreases in the wastewater chemical oxygen demand of up to 83±2.1%, phenolic compounds of 87±1.6% and colour of 88±4.7%. Although laccase treatment lowered total phenolics by up to 61±0.5%, the colour was increased by up to 160±5%, indicating the formation of colour-rich compounds. Trametes pubescens MB 89 greatly improved the quality of all six wastewaters tested, although two wastewaters had to be diluted to below 50% to allow for bioremediation by the submerged fungal culture. Laccase synthesis greater than 1500U/l was obtained in all wastewaters, with a maximum of 8997U/l. The complete fungal system was found to be superior to enzymatic treatment alone. Enzymatic treatment reduced the total phenols but did little to improve the colour of the wastewaters, and in the case of wine lees significantly increased the colour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Distillery wastewater from awamori making was anaerobically treated for one year using thermophilic upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) reactors packed with pyridinium group-containing nonwoven fabric material. The microbial structure and spatial distribution of microorganisms on the support material were characterized using molecular biological methods. The reactor steadily achieved a high TOC loading rate of 18 g/l/d with approximately 80% TOC removal efficiency when non-diluted wastewater was fed. The maximum TOC loading rate increased to 36 g/l/d when treating thrice-diluted wastewater. However, the TOC removal efficiency and gas evolution rate decreased compared with that when non-diluted wastewater was used. Methanogens closely related to Methanosarcina thermophila and Methanoculleus bourgensis and bacteria in the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were predominant methanogens and bacteria in the thermophilic UFA reactor, as indicated by 16S rRNA gene clone analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results showed that a large quantity of bacterial cells adhered throughout the whole support, and Methanosarcina-like methanogens existed mainly in the relative outside region while Methanoculleus cells were located in the relative inner part of the support. The support material used proved to be an excellent carrier for microorganisms, and a UAF reactor using this kind of support can be used for high-rate treatment of awamori/shochu distillery wastewater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The distillery wastewater of Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery, which is characteristic of containing high organic matters and rich total nitrogen, was treated by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes. 80% of COD in the raw wastewater was removed by methane fermentation at the COD volumetric loading rate of 20 kg COD/(m^3·d) using the expanded granule sludge bed (EGSB) process. However, almost all the organic nitrogen in the raw wastewater was converted into ammonia by ammonification there. Ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA) remaining in the anaerobically treated wastewater were simultaneously removed utilizing VFA as an electron donor by denitrification occurring in the other EGSB reactor and nitrification using PEG-immobilized nitrifying bacteria with recirculation process. An aerobic biological contact oxidization reactor was designed between denitrification/nitrification reactor for further COD removal. With the above treatment system, 18000–28000 mg/L of COD in raw wastewater was reduced to less than 100 mg/L. Also, ammonia in the effluent of the system was not detected and the system had a high removal rate for 900–1200 mg/L of TN in the raw wastewater, only leaving 400 mg/L of nitrate nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baudoinia compniacensis is a darkly pigmented microfungus that grows conspicuously on environmental surfaces around warehouses where alcoholic spirits are stored in wooden casks. This fungus has long been ignored because its primary isolation is very difficult. The present study describes a new semiselective isolation medium for this fungus based on the use of ethanol as a sole carbon source and low levels of nitrogen and trace elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]