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Photoredox-catalyzed reductive difluoromethylation of electron-deficient alkenes was achieved in one step under tin-free, mild and neutral conditions. This protocol affords a facile method to introduce RCF2 (R = H, Ph, Me, and CH2N3) groups at sites β to electron-withdrawing groups. It was found that TTMS (tris(trimethylsilyl)silane) served nicely as both the H-atom donor and the electron donor in the catalytic cycle. Experimental and DFT computational results provided evidence that RCF2 (R = H, Ph, Me) radicals are nucleophilic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new activation principle in organocatalysis is presented: halide binding through Coulombic interactions. This mode of catalysis was realized by using 3,5-di(carbomethoxy) pyridinium ions that carry an additional electronwithdrawing substituent on the nitrogen atom, for example, pentafluorobenzyl or cyanomethyl. For the N-pentafluorobenzyl derivative, Coulombic interaction with the pyridinium moiety is complemented in the solid state by anion-Π interactions with the perfluorophenyl ring. Bromide and chloride are bound by these cations in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Catalysis of the C-C coupling between 1-chloroisochroman (and related electrophiles) with silyl ketene acetals occurs at -78°C and at low catalyst loading (2 mol%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic electron-deuteron scattering at high momentum transfer is investigated within the Bethe-Salpeter approach. The relativistic covariant Graz II separable kernel of nucleon-nucleon interactions is used to analyze the deuteron structure functions, form factors, and tensor of polarization components. The modern data for the electromagnetic structure of nucleons from the double polarization experiments, as well as some other models of the nucleon form factors, are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a global analysis of all available electron-deuteron (ed) quasielastic scattering data using Q²-dependent smearing functions that describe inclusive inelastic ed scattering within the weak-binding approximation. We study the dependence of the cross sections on the deuteron wave function and the off-shell extrapolation of the elastic electron-nucleon cross sections, which show particular sensitivity at x » 1. The excellent overall agreement with data over a large range of Q² and x suggests a limited need for effects beyond the impulse approximation, with the exception of the very high-x and very low-Q² regions, where short-range meson exchange and final state interaction effects become more relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on parity-violating asymmetries in the nucleon resonance region measured using inclusive inelastic scattering of 5–6 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off an unpolarized deuterium target. These results are the first parity-violating asymmetry data in the resonance region beyond the Δ(1232). They provide a verification of quark-hadron duality—the equivalence of the quark- and hadron-based pictures of the nucleon—at the (10–15)% level in this electroweak observable, which is dominated by contributions from the nucleon electroweak γZ interference structure functions. In addition, the results provide constraints on nucleon resonance models relevant for calculating background corrections to elastic parity-violating electron scattering measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of parton angular momentum on the twist-four correction to the left-right asymmetry in the electron-deuteron parity-violating deep-inelastic scattering (PVDIS). We show that this higher-twist correction is transparent to the dynamics of parton angular momentum needed to account for the Sivers and Boer-Mulders functions and spin-independent parton distribution functions. A sufficiently precise measurement of the PVDIS asymmetry may, thus, provide additional information about the parton dynamics responsible for nucleón spin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider electron-deuteron deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) with detection of a proton in the nuclear fragmentation region ("spectator tagging") as a method for extracting the free neutron structure functions and studying their nuclear modifications. Such measurements could be performed at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) with suitable forward detectors. The measured proton recoil momentum (≲100 MeV in the deuteron rest frame) specifies the deuteron configuration during the high-energy process and permits a controlled theoretical treatment of nuclear effects. Nuclear and nucleonic structure are separated using methods of light-front quantum mechanics. The impulse approximation to the tagged DIS cross section contains the free neutron pole, which can be reached by on-shell extrapolation in the recoil momentum. Final-state interactions (FSIs) distort the recoil momentum distribution away from the pole. In the intermediate-x region 0.1