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This article discusses three books that examine the history of wine in different regions and its connection to imperialism and colonization. "Imperial Wine" explores the role of the British Empire in the wine industry of its settler-colonial lands. "Whites and Reds" delves into the history of wine production and consumption in Russia and the Soviet Union, highlighting the emergence of Soviet wine nationalism. "The Blood of the Colony" focuses on the wine industry in French Algeria and its impact on economic inequality. These books provide valuable insights into the cultural and economic aspects of wine production and consumption. The article also mentions a researcher's recent study on the relationship between First Nations and settler colonial wine grape cultivation, as well as their ongoing project on the history of Australia from an environmental perspective. This information may be of interest to library patrons researching Indigenous history, colonialism, and environmental history. [Extracted from the article]

The work under review focuses on the wine industry in Algeria during the colonial era. When president Houari Boumediène nationalised French oil and gas interests in Algeria in 1971 (further breaking the Evian Accords), wine imports from Algeria were halted altogether. Viticulture was a central component in the functioning of the world's second-largest colonial empire (Algeria became the fourth biggest wine producer in the world and with wine being French Algeria's primary export). [Extracted from the article]

The earliest archaeological evidence of wine making in Southern France is dated 425 bce. Viticulture was present along the Mediterranean coast of France when the Romans arrived (second century bce) and flourished everywhere by the time they left (fifth century ce). For several centuries, long-distance trade virtually disappeared and the infrastructure fell apart. Profitable viticulture remained mostly local and was concentrated in the hands of the wealthy nobility and the Church. After the turn of the first Millennium, towns became cities and a middle-class emerged. In the twelfth century, the wine trade with England gained importance. Wines were shipped from Rouen, Nantes, La Rochelle, and later Bordeaux. Monastic orders controlled the most fertile land, especially in Champagne and Burgundy. In the thirteenth century, the Languedoc became a part of France. During the Avignon papacy, new vineyards were planted, in particular Châteauneuf-du-Pape. After the Renaissance, scientific studies gradually improved viticulture and wine-making. Ultimately, fermentation was understood. The Dutch greatly expanded the wine trade. Then, the first intentionally bubbly wines, distilled wines, and noble-rot wines were made. Informal rankings of Bordeaux wines led to the famous 1855 classification. In the late nineteenth century, nature-made catastrophes, especially phylloxera, transformed France into the largest wine-importing country in the world. Sub-standard and blended wines became common, hurting the reputation of all French wines. The two world wars, the Great Depression and Prohibition shrunk the market for wines. The way out involved strict quality-control measures and hard work. The next problem could well be global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on wine consumers' attitudes, perceptions, and purchasing behavior regarding environmentally friendly wines has confirmed that consumers are interested in this type of wine but, have little awareness of environmental wine practices and certifications. To address this, the most common solution proposed has been to improve communication with consumers on this topic. However, few studies have questioned consumers about their expectations of environmentally friendly wines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore wine buyers' expectations of a wine that would be respectful of the environment. A second objective was to identify the respondent's characteristics influencing their expectations. A textual analysis was conducted with respondents' answers. A Reinert descendent classification, using Iramuteq software, distributed these responses into ten clusters. The term 'respectful of the environment proved to be polysemic. Wine buyers imagined that an environmentally friendly wine would respect the health of both people and the environment, be ethically produced, and be accessible from a price point of view. Some respondents also mentioned hedonic characteristics. Highlights A lexical analysis identified ten clusters of topics mentioned by wine buyers. The term environment proved to be polysemic. Respondents expected a wine that would be ecofriendly, ethic, healthy, local and made with a limited use of inputs and additives. The age, the degree of involvement in wine and environmental issues and the use of an environmental label as a buying criterion, influenced wine buyers' expectations. Non-wine consumers or respondents less involved in wine and in the environment, were more associated with a cluster regarding wine hedonic characteristics and price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavescence dorde (FD) is a quarantine disease threatening European vineyards. Its management is based on mandatory insecticide treatments and the uprooting of infected plants identified during annual surveys. Field surveys are currently not optimized because the drivers affecting FD spread in vineyard landscapes remain poorly understood. We collated a georeferenced dataset of FD detection, collected from 34.581 vineyard plots over 5 years iii the South West France wine region. Spatial models fitted with integrated nested Laplace approximation were used to identify local and landscape factors affecting FD detection and infection. Our analysis highlights the importance of sampling period on FD detection and of local practices and landscape context on FD infection, At field scale, altitude and cultivar choice were the main factors affecting FD infection. In particular. the odds ratio of FD infection in fields planted with the susceptible Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabemet Franc. or Muscadelle varieties were approximately twice those in fields planted with the less susceptible Mei-lot. Field infection was also affected by the field's immediate surroundings (within a circle with a radius of 150 to 200 m), corresponding to landscapes of 7 to 12 ha. In particular, the probability of FD infection increased with the proportions of forest and urban land mici with the proportion of susceptible cultivars, demonstrating that the cultivar composition impacts FD epidemiology at landscape scale. The satisfactory predictive performance of the model for identifying districts with a prevalence of FD detection >10% of the fields suggests that it could be used to target areas in which future surveys would be most valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Wine appraisal is significantly impacted by demographics and dominance orientation (SDO). • Higher education correlates with lesser emphasis on accessible rosé wine characteristics. • Education level's effect on wine appraisal is mediated by social dominance orientation. • Income level positively correlates with valuation of expert wine characteristics. • Expertise and Accessibility are key factors in appraisal of rosé wine. This study investigates the intricate relationship between sociodemographic factors, social dominance orientation (SDO), and perceptions of wine in France. Emphasizing the symbolic role of wine in French culture, and employing a survey-based approach, the research explores how societal hierarchies and individual positioning within these structures influence the appraisal of rosé wine. The findings revealed that sociodemographic factors, particularly education level, significantly influence wine appraisal, while social dominance orientation serves as a mediating factor. This research contributes to the understanding of the cultural and social dynamics shaping wine consumption in France, highlighting the fact that wine appraisal is deeply embedded in societal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analogy with the "geological" dimension, it can be argued that the Fashion Department of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts affords fertile ground for the nurturing of new talents. Understanding Antwerp-Style Fashion In transposing the terroir concept to Antwerp style avant-garde fashion both the cultural location of Antwerp as well as the determining role of the designer with institutional support at the city, regional and federal level are taken into consideration. [Extracted from the article]

Wine production took quite a long time to take off in the colony, but with the rise of phylloxera in French vineyards, demand for Algerian wine increased within the metropole. In his chapter analyzing wine production in post-independence Algeria, White notes that "wine made many Algerians feel their independence was not yet complete" (211). If one is to track French colonization in Algeria, one can see the initial colonial efforts as being an attempt to change the production of Algeria to suit what is called "complementary colonization.". [Extracted from the article]

The efficacy of antitumor efficacy and apoptosis induction in A498 human renal cell carcinoma observed when applying extracts of cruciferous herbal material (indole-3-carbinol), Chinese mushroom (cordycepin), and French red wine (resveratrol) at low concentrations after 24 and 48 h were compared in vitro in this study. Fluorescence methods were used for imaging apoptosis and necrosis in human tumor cells in vitro. Propidium iodide and acridine orange were chosen as dyes in the "live/dead" assay, which made it possible to identify the number of dead cells and cells with apoptosis initiated. It was found that indole-3-carbinol at low concentrations (0.0288 and 0.1152 mg/mL) displayed a pronounced cytotoxic and cytostatic activity against human kidney cancer cells, significantly exceeding that of resveratrol at the same concentrations. Meanwhile, cordycepin showed no cytotoxic or cytostatic activity at these concentrations. Indole-3-carbinol demonstrated the most pronounced apoptotic activity at concentrations of 0.0144–0.1152 mg/ml; in 48 h, the number of kidney cancer cells in apoptosis increased 6.8–10 times compared to the control group. It is concluded that indole-3-carbinol is a promising antitumor agent to use in the complex therapy of patients with kidney cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased consumer concern for the environment has motivated winegrowers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices in their vineyards, such as agroecological measures. Thanks to a 2016 French ministerial decree, these measures can now be included in the specifications of wine appellations. However, little is known about consumer perceptions on this topic. The main objective of this research was thus to analyze consumers' perceptions of environmental issues in wine production, specifically with respect to a selection of agroecological measures in the vineyard. A national survey with 1022 respondents was conducted online in July 2019, and the factors that influenced perceptions were identified using an analysis of variance. The environmental issue of highest concern for consumers was the use of pesticides. However, the majority of the measures selected were perceived as having a positive impact on the environment. Practices aimed at improving biodiversity – such as the preservation of low walls and nest boxes, the establishment of trees, or sodding between parcels – were highly valued by consumers. This research demonstrates that, in order for winemakers to reap the maximum benefit from the implementation of environmentally friendly practices, effective communication of such practices to consumers is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The headspace volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprints (volatilome) of French wine brandies were investigated by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Protonated ethanol chemical ionization was used with dedicated experimental conditions that were previously validated for model wines. These included a reference vial containing a hydro-alcoholic solution with the same ethanol content (20% v/v) as the diluted sample spirits, which was used to establish steady-state ionization conditions. A low electric field strength to number density ratio E/N (85 Td) was used in the drift tube in order to limit the fragmentation of the protonated analytes. The obtained headspace fingerprints were used to investigate the origin of French brandies produced within a limited geographic production area. Brandies of two different vintages (one freshly distilled and one aged for 14 years in French oak barrels) were successfully classified according to their growth areas using unsupervised (principal component analysis, PCA) and supervised (partial least squares regression discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) multivariate analyses. The models obtained by PLS-DA allowed the identification of discriminant volatile compounds that were mainly characterised as key aroma compounds of wine brandies. The discrimination was supported by sensory evaluation conducted with free sorting tasks. The results showed that this ethanol ionization method was suitable for direct headspace analysis of brandies. They also demonstrated its ability to distinguish French brandies according to their growth areas, and this effect on brandy VOC composition was confirmed at a perceptive level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance implications of entrepreneurial intensity and ambidexterity have been extensively, yet separately, examined. In addition, past research has seldom analyzed the performance implication of ambidexterity at institutional levels. Moreover, questions remain unanswered regarding the benefits that derive from the ambidextrous levels of institutional environments. To address this issue, this paper uses the concept of institutional ambidexterity, which is the balanced and simultaneous presence of both exploration and exploitation orientations that are derived from the layers of the firms’ institutional environment. A model is developed to analyze the role of institutional ambidexterity on entrepreneurial intensity and its moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial intensity and firm performance. This model is empirically tested on a very large sample in the French wine context. First, the results uncover some interesting differences in the underlying drivers of entrepreneurial intensity in ambidextrous versus nonambidextrous multilayered institutional environments. Second, the results also show that entrepreneurial intensity positively influences firm performance. Finally, decomposition analyses further indicate that institutional ambidexterity moderates the influence between entrepreneurial intensity and perceptual as well as objective measures of performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production and consumption of sparkling wines are constantly increasing and are confronted with substantial fraud problems. Last two decades have seen a significant increase in studies on wine metabolomics. In contrast, few metabolomics studies have focused on sparkling wines. A targeted approach based on 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to study profiles of commercial French sparkling wines from four protected designation of origin (PDO): Champagne, Crémant d'Alsace, Crémant de Bourgogne and Crémant de Bordeaux. The collected data were statistically processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial orthogonal least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). For origin and quality discrimination, significant discriminating metabolites were identified based on variable importance in projection (VIP) and correlation coefficient (p-(corr)) values. The results showed that 1H-NMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis is an effective tool to discriminate commercial sparkling wines and sparkling wine quality. In addition, the targeted approach allowed identifying specific markers of each PDO. • 1H-NMR-based metabolomics was applied to French commercial sparkling wines. • Data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis. • Champagne and Crémant wines were successfully discriminated. • Specific markers of each PDO were identified. • Some specific quality parameters of champagne wine were distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early Third Republic, southern wine producers in the Aude confronted a new competitor: Algerian wine. This article explores Audois efforts to curtail Algerian wine production in the aftermath of phylloxera, the wine crisis, and the 1907 strikes. Focusing on the actions of the Confédération générale des vignerons, this article shows how local winegrowers transformed the Algerian wine industry into a symbol of industrial, profit-driven agriculture and global integration. Cast as a civilizational struggle that pitted "French" traditions and cultural practices against the unsavory and immoral habits of colonial competitors, the fight against Algerian wine provided southern wine growers with a way to distinguish and add value to their own wines. The result was a new myth of southern viticulture that, despite hybridized vines and industrial production methods, recast the Midi as the guardian of true "French" agricultural production and a rural culture based on age-old traditions and a moral economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the study (This study is based on the previous work of the authors: Profitability and capital structure: An empirical study of French and Hungarian wine producers in 2004-2013.Business System Research,7(1), 89–103, 2016) is to analyze the capital structure of the Hungarian and the French wine industries and to examine the funding models including that of the pledgeable assets rate for collateral. First, the database and the applied methods with the appropriate conditions will be described followed by an in-depth descriptive statistical analysis of a specific industry, namely, the wine industry in Hungary and in France. The analysis identifies the capital structure policy applied in the industry, evaluates its performance in terms of profitability and efficiency, and lastly defines the accessibility for external financing sources. The analysis examines the differences between the funding policies applied in the two countries, especially those variables that are the basis for the separation of the two branches. This was carried out by means of discriminant analysis, which indicates the financing characteristics. To draw a conclusion, the study revealed that the capital structure is significantly different in the examined countries, taking into consideration the profitability and the rate of assets that can also serve as collateral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In-phase component of EMI measurements yield valuable information about soil variability. • Versatile clustering approach using of EMI methods to characterize soil physicochemical features. • Heterogeneity in soil physicochemical properties drove heterogeneity in grapevine vigor. • Challenging to define low soil texture variability using apparent electrical conductivity alone. This study explores the ability of the frequency domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) method to produce physicochemical soil maps with relevance to grapevine vigor. The study was conducted in the Médoc area of the Bordeaux wine region in France. A flexible clustering approach was used with both the apparent electrical conductivity and the in-phase components of EMI measurements. Soil zones with distinct physicochemical signatures were successfully identified, primarily due to the inclusion of in-phase data in the clustering method. Importantly, this approach does not use prior information to guide zone classification and does not require calibration of EMI measurements. Extensive soil texture and physicochemical measurements were used to compare the different zones identified by the clustering approach. Grapevine vigor was assessed using normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data to help conceptualize the critical physicochemical variables of the soil. It was evident that NDVI and EMI data were correlated to organic matter, nitrogen, CEC, pH, CaO, and copper concentration in one of the investigated sites. Unlike previous work in other Bordeaux soil viticulture areas, soil texture at these sites was relatively homogenous and consequently did not influence plant vigor substantially. This work demonstrates the value of the in-phase component of EMI measurements to estimate soil zonation. More generally, this work demonstrates the ability of coupled EMI and NDVI surveys to inform viticulture at scales relevant to management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the summer of 1907, France experienced one of its largest social disturbances since the Revolution, as the winegrowers of the Languedoc-Roussillon led a mass protest movement that paralysed the region and challenged the state. Although the Grande Révolte evoked references to the Albigensian Crusade, and juxtaposed North and South, it never fully represented a moment of Occitan regionalist rising. The failure of the cultural organisation the Félibrige to fully engage with protesters led to a fissure between political and cultural expressions of Occitan identity that marked the movement thereafter. By combining linguistic anthropology and historical analysis, the authors are able to foreground a key aspect of national identity formation as it occurred in 1907. Considering the impact of the Grande Révolte on the identity and language of the Midi offers us an insight into the development of regionalism both within and beyond the borders of the French nation. Pendant l'été 1907, la France vécut de grands troubles sociaux auxquels l'État dut faire face, à savoir la Grande Révolte des vignerons du Languedoc-Roussillon qui glaça la région. Bien que la Grande Révolte ait évoqué des références à la Croisade des Albigeois et ait juxtaposé le Nord et le Sud, elle n'atteignit jamais le niveau d'un vrai soulèvement régionaliste occitan. Le manque de coopération entre l'organisation culturelle du Félibrige d'un côté et les manifestants de l'autre provoqua une fissure entre les expressions politiques et culturelles de l'identité occitane, qui désormais marquerait le mouvement. Les auteurs allient l'anthropologie linguistique et l'analyse historique afin de souligner un aspect principal de la création d'une identité nationale en 1907. Prendre en considération l'impact de la Grande Révolte sur l'identité et les langues du Midi nous donne un aperçu du développement du régionalisme en France et hors de France. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the Languedoc, the intersections between rugby, wine and socialism give telling insights into the value and significance of regional identity. At the end of the 1970s, the Languedoc's wine industry and rugby were facing up to the challenges of modernisation; the responses which emerged drew upon the principles of regional identity drawn from the ‘banal nationalism’ of wine-drinking, left-voting rugby players in local administrations and at the head of powerful trade unions. The cross-over between board-room and locker-room helped to accent regional responses to change and modernization, ensuring that regional heritage remained potent and ready to be communicated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two centerpieces of French identity, wine and statism, survived Europeanization and globalization in the postwar era. In charting the rise of France's modern wine system, the Controlled Appellation of Origin (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée; AOC), this article explains how the wine industry and the state adjusted to economic integration. The AOC system has been commonly viewed as a protector of local traditions when, more important, it developed as an economic strategy to promote the interests of French winegrowers and the state in an increasingly globalized world. The system's success depended on the efforts of luxury wine producers, public health advocates, and state technocrats, who all invoked the "general interest" of consumers. This article inverts our understanding of the relationship between states and market integration to show how the Common Market and the world market actually reinforced state control over French vineyards, ultimately rebranding European wine production. Terroir gained widespread currency in the context of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]