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The given text is a report on the revision of Articles 7 and 20 of the North American Stratigraphic Code to address culturally offensive or inappropriate unit names in geology. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding the inappropriate use of culturally significant names and suggests engaging in conversations with local indigenous communities to prevent such usage. The report also discusses the duplication of names and the need to prioritize and conserve well-established names. It provides guidelines for the abandonment of outdated or inappropriate unit names and the substitution of offensive names with new ones. The document concludes with acknowledgments and references to related publications. [Extracted from the article]

Political geographers and sociologists working in the field of critical toponymies have demonstrated that renaming the streetscape follows invariably after a regime change. Scholars have barely gone beyond documenting the extent of toponymic change at the level of particular places, however, usually the capital cities of countries from the former socialist bloc and other postdictatorial societies. This article sets out to address toponymic changes at the country level, by examining the complete national street nomenclature in postsocialist urban Romania. For this purpose, a data set comprising the entire collection of urban street names in Romania, together with all the street name changes that occurred during postsocialism, was constructed from multiple sources (N = 37,076). A series of multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to model statistically the effects of various street- and locality-level variables on postsocialist street renaming. The results of these multilevel logistic regression analyses indicate that toponymic revision after the fall of state socialism is shaped by the intersection of street-level properties (e.g., artery class and features regarding the street name itself) and locality-level characteristics (e.g., the historicity of urban status and the ethnopolitics played out at the level of each city and town). The article is the first to analyze the shifting political geography of urban nomenclatures at a national level based on a complete data set of street names. The analytical model advanced in this article, based on postsocialist Romania, could be used to inform similar research on other geographical settings and historical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

However, obstacles and insufficient river depths throughout much of the year limited the use of rivers for this purpose. Lumber was an important component of the economy of the rural southeastern US in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and rivers provided less expensive routes than rail for floating either timber rafts or loose logs to major ports on the coast. In sum, implications of historical rock removal on coastal plain rivers are significant because of false perceptions of river naturalness, restoration challenges, navigability, and accelerating incision by altering local base level. [Extracted from the article]

The period of the last third of 19th century was beneficial to a boom of observatories run by amateur astronomers. One of them was built in Hurbanovo. It is well known that place names have changed throughout history; sometimes more than one was used at the same time, and it often depended on the language in which the historical documents were written. These peculiarities can easily confuse the modern reader. For the sake of clarity, we have decided to use modern official geographical names. Even in Anglophone historiographical literature, modern names are usually used in the first place instead of historical ones. All other historical forms of place names are mentioned in parentheses when they first appear (first in Hungarian, then in German). Several names or variations of those names may be discovered in historical records pertaining to Hurbanovo, e.g.: Stará Ďala (in Slovak), Ó-Gyalla, O Gyalla, Ógyalla, Ogyalla, Ó Gyalla, Ó Gyala, Ó-Gyala, Ó Gyála (in Hungarian), Altdala (in German). The town was named Hurbanovo in 1948. (Slovakia) in 1871 by a local nobleman Nicolaus de Konkoly. The paper is divided into two main parts. The first part is focused on the development of instrumentation and domes of the observatory. The second one is focused on various kinds of astronomical and astrophysical observations performed by the observatory staff from the beginning of the observatory until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient studies in the field of toponymy in Turkey and its late start compared to the west have led to a lack of information about the sources of place names. This situation created a false perception that many of the old place names are of foreign origin and this has led us to the ease of basing the origin of our place names on foreign sources. As in almost every country in the world, place names have been changed in Turkey, and in the process of changing place names, thousands of Turkish place names have been changed with other names, believing that they are of foreign origin. For this reason, it is important to examine and reveal the place names that we can express as the language, the identity of the place or the memory of the place and which connect us to the past with historical ties. The fact that there are almost no studies on the settlements whose names have been changed in Turkey increases this importance even more. Changed village names of Kağızman district have been examined based on this importance. The study is a source study, made by using historical geography principles and methods, unlike the studies conducted in the form of "toponymic analysis of settlement names" in Turkey. Such studies will contribute to the correct determination of the sources of place names and to enrich the toponymy literature. In addition, the return of place names that have been changed for different reasons but are important in terms of Turkish culture and history will be facilitated by the reference of these studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that MapOE employed a deep data approach to map the Ottoman Epirus with reference to Albanian ruler Tepedelenli Ali Pasha and the regional order he established using his personal archive and the Ottoman probate records compiled upon his execution. Topics covered include the achievements of Ali Pasha, the creation of a historical gazetteer of the Ottoman Empire and the development of geographic information system-maps to examine the topography of the Ottoman Empire.

When Ismail Gasprinsky was born as a child of a Turkish family in 1851, the lands he lived in were under Russian administration. Russia changed the names of the places in and around Crimea and tried to leave this region culturally backward. The reactions of the Crimean Turks to this situation are among the reasons of an important awareness. The Usûl-i Cedid movement, which advocated the modernization of education and its spread to the general public in Crimea, emerged as a reaction to this backwardness. Ismail Gasprinsky pioneered this movement with the schools he opened and the books he wrote, and he wanted to develop the society he lived in both educationally and culturally. Ismail Gasprinsky traveled to other cultural centers around the world and, on the one hand, took on the advocacy of modernization, on the other hand, he made attempts to start an Islamic movement. Ismail Gasprinsky saw the progress of the cultural development and educational methods of the European capitals and took important steps to spread this to places with Muslim populations such as Turks under Russian rule and India. With these initiatives, he draw the attention of both modernist and conservative sectors. These groups criticized some of Ismail Gasprinsky's attempts while praising others. However, it is an important fact that Ismail Gasprinsky has made serious efforts for the progress and development of the society in which he lives in. With these aspects, the education and culture-based activities of Ismail Gasprinsky and the reflections of these activities on his works have been the main subject of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10 Garrison's history department colleague Lester Bugbee took up the call and began negotiating with the Bexar County Commissioners Court in San Antonio to have the considerable number of Spanish colonial records in their custody moved to the University of Texas in order to provide easy research access for historians. "Since Webb's major research interests transcended Texas", he wrote, "he never considered himself primarily a Texas historian", although most of his publications related in some fashion to the state and its history. This collection became the foundation of what would eventually become one of the most significant Latin American archival collections in the United States.11 Although he seldom used the term regionalism, Garrison's expansive view of Texas as something larger than a purely state-based definition of its history soon became apparent in the contents of the Quarterly. [Extracted from the article]

The author discusses the role of cartography in Danish place-name studies, particularly since the editorial work on the series titled Danmarks Stednavne ('Place Names of Denmark') began in the 1920s. Additionally, he examines how cartography has been used politically to implement linguistic changes in place names in the border regions of Schleswig/Sønderjylland and Scania (Skåne), by comparing name forms used on maps before, during and after shifts in state boundaries. The main finding is that for a considerable number of 'minor' place names, the oldest extant references can often be found in cartographical sources from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. As a consequence, the catalogues of Danmarks Stednavne contain more cartographical references for minor and more recent place names than for older settlement names, which are often sufficiently accounted for in medieval textual sources. The author concludes that when studying maps, it is vital to consider always why and by whom the maps have been made. This also holds true for toponymy, where the background of the map can often be seen to have affected the type and number of place names included on it, and sometimes even their spellings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some punctuation marks have been used since the first written texts of Turkish. Punctuation marks have taken their place in the western sense in Turkish Language with Şinasi. There have been some changes in the names and usage places of punctuation marks in time. Besides, new usages have been added to the punctuation marks. The increase in the use of social media and the desire to attract attention in written expression have revealed new usages and applications in spelling and punctuation. One of these applications is the punctuation marks used to denote the other word in a word, which can be called "intertwined Word" due to its resemblance to bronze rhyme. "Y'aramızda kalsın." As in the sentence, slashes and paranthesis can be used next to the apostrophe after the letter "y" to emphasize the meanings in our wound (yaramızda) and between us (aramızda). This new form of usage is considered as a contribution to the richness of expression in Turkish. The change and development of punctuation marks in Turkish are mentioned in the first part of the study. In the second part of the study, there are examples of new usages with source search method in different fields, and evaluations and suggestions in the conclusion part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Names constitute a key component of the cultural heritage of any region. Though geographically, culturally and linguistically apart, Estonia and Zambia share some elements and motivations in naming. Zambia's British colonial experience and Estonia's Danish, German, Polish, Swedish and Russian/Soviet influence in the past made significant changes to personal and place names in both regions. Following independence, both states made strides in the indigenisation of names for promoting local heritage and national identity. Zambia predominantly focused on changing the names of some towns, and of the country (from Northern Rhodesia to Zambia). On the other hand, the Estonian onomastic experience has been more comprehensive - regulating both personal and place names, enacting corresponding laws and maintaining the Institute of the Estonian Language to oversee language and name planning, among other responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusess why late Qing dynasty intellectuals felt it necessary to rename the China/Zhongguo. It mentions that modern origins of historical claims that nationalist historiography has endowed with timeless longevity. It also mentions that sinocentrism feeds cultural parochialism as well as spatial claims that are imperial.

Place names used in old documents and datasets are key information to locate contexts or values of old sources onto the geographic space. Some places are stable in name for long years; however, not a few places were called in similar or much different from current names. To collect information on old place names of village level in Northeast Thailand in several generations ago, published set maps of Thailand and printed gazetteers in the early to the middle 20th century are source materials in this article. After attentive identification tasks to link old place names to current names, an overview situation of change in place name in Northeast Thailand show difference by area derived from environmental and social background of areas. Present-day place names in digital form are readily utilized in various applications; however, practical cases of integration of old place names precisely and widely in a wide region into a digital form are not much ready. This article describes a case study of integrating old place names in the region of Northeast Thailand into a spatio-temporal digital gazetteer as to be a springboard to further enriched historical gazetteer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews proposed Mississippian nomenclature changes in Kansas and outlines the changes to Zeller (1968) that have been adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey. The Sedalia Dolomite is changed to the Sedalia Formation and the Northview Shale is changed to Northview Formation due to lateral lithology changes. The Short Creek Oolite Member as originally defined and described by Smith and Siebenthal (1907) at the type section in Kansas is reinstated. The Cowley Formation as originally defined and described by Lee (1940) in Kansas is reinstated. The Ste. Genevieve Limestone is placed as the basal formation of the Chesteran Stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a May 2010 conference sponsored by the Institute for European History (IEG) of Mainz, Germany, under the title "Battle of the Spoken and Written Word. Russification in Eastern Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia in the 19th to the 21st Century." The meeting discussed Russification in Eastern Europe through language assimilation, through construction of Russian churches, and through changes in borders and geographic place names.

A coastline is the boundary zone between land and sea, an active zone of human social production activities and an area where the ecology is fragile and easy to change. The traditional method to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the coastline is to extract the coastline through remote sensing, LiDAR, and field sampling and analyze the temporal and spatial changes with statistical data. The coastline extracted by these methods has high spatial and temporal resolution, but it requires remote sensing images and data obtained by other sensors, so it is impossible to extract coastlines from before the emergence of remote sensing technology. This paper improves the coastline generation algorithm. Firstly, a triangulated irregular network is used to generate the preliminary rough coastline, and then, each line segment is optimized with Python language according to the influence range of the place names to further approach the real coastline. The accuracy of the coastline extracted by this method can reach 80% within 500 m, which is of great significance in the mapping and analysis of small- and medium-scale coastlines. This paper analyzes the changes in the coastline of Hainan Island before the founding of China (pre-founding) and in modern times and analyzes the impact of coastal development on coastline change. Through the analysis, it is found that, from before the founding of the People's Republic of China to the present, the natural coastline of Hainan Island has become shorter, the artificial coastline has become longer, and the coastline generally presents a trend of advancing toward the ocean. This method realizes coastline construction under the condition of missing remote sensing images and puts forward a new way to study historical coastline changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Shaw characterized himself, with some truth and some irony, as "an old Victorian." After all, he was born in 1856. Queen Victoria would reign for forty-five more years. Yet, deep into the next century, no longer our own, he would write, in closing the Preface to Back to Methuselah - and he would be nearly a Methuselah himself, living on to 1950.

The article discusses the name change request for Sanmen Island and mentions Tuoning Island name that was used by the navy.

The article discusses the name change request for Balawang Trough and mentions China's Nansha Islands name that has been changed to Nansha Trough.