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We present the results of lichenological survey in the area of Zemplínske vrchy Mts in this paper. The study area is underexplored regarding lichens and there are not many published resources on lichens. In total thirty-five localities were investigated and 68 lichen species were identified. Fifteen species of them are evaluated in the Red list of lichens of Slovakia. From interesting findings, Cladonia crispata, Graphis scripta, Lecanora conizaeoides and Flavoparmelia caperata are discussed here. Physcia leptalea is reported for the first time for the area of Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven Graphis species are reported as new to Europe from the Serra de Sintra and the Planalto das Cezaredas, two regions of Portugal where graphidoid Graphidaceae are abundant and diverse. The following species were identified: Graphis cincta, G. crebra, G. handelii, G. leptospora, G. lineola, G. plumierae, and G. verminosa. Many of these share two characters: a densely inspersed hymenium and the presence of norstictic acid in the thallus. A key to the Graphis species known from Europe is provided. The possible reasons for the high, previously unknown, diversity of graphidoid Graphidaceae in this region are discussed. Global warming might be a contributory factor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

One new species and six new records of the crustose lichenized genus Graphis are reported from Thailand. Graphis koratensis Pitakpong, Kraichak & Lücking sp. nov. is characterized by lirelline ascocarps with whitish grey or grey-green pruina along the slit, transversely septate ascospores, and the presence of norstictic acid. Phylogenetic analyses with two loci (mtSSU and nuLSU) show the distinct position of this new species within the genus. Six new records for Thailand are reported, including G. cincta (Pers.) Aptroot, G. jejuensis K. H. Moon et al., G. nigrocarpa Adaw. & Makhija, G. renschiana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., G. seminuda Müll. Arg., and G. subserpentina Nyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphis scripta, or script lichen, is a well-known species of crustose lichenized fungi, widely distributed in the temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere. It is now considered to be a species complex, but because of the lack of secondary chemistry and paucity of measurable morphological characters, species delimitation within the complex has been challenging and is thus far based on apothecium and ascospore morphology. In this study, we employed molecular as well as morphological data to assess phylogenetic structure and delimitation of lineages within the G. scripta complex. We generated sequences for four genetic markers (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB2, and EF-1) and performed phylogenetic analyses. The resulting trees were used to determine the number of distinct lineages by applying a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model and species tree estimation through maximum likelihood (STEM). Our analyses suggest between six and seven putative species within the G. scripta complex. However, these did not correspond to the taxa that were recently distinguished based on apothecium morphology and could not be circumscribed with the morphological characters that were traditionally used in the classification of the complex. Any formal taxonomic treatment will require additional sampling and evaluation of additional traits that potentially can characterize these clades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphis yunnanensis is described here as a new species. It is taxonomically well characterized by entire labia, slit-like disc, lateral thalline margin, completely carbonized proper exciple, inspersed hymenium, 8-spored asci, muriform 25-45 × 8~12μm ascospores, and the presence of norstictic and stictic acids. The separation of the new species from other somewhat similar Graphis species is discussed. In addition, the study includes Graphis tenoriensis and Phlyctis kamatakana reported for the first lime from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphis upretii is a new lichen species discovered in Vietnam. The species is characterized by a loosely corticate, rough, whitish grey to greyish green thallus, elongate and irregularly branched lirellae with an apically thin complete thalline margin (negrosina morph), laterally carbonized, entire proper exciple, clear hymenium, hyaline, 16∼20 transversely locular ascospores, and about 50∼95 × 10 ∼15 μm in size. In addition, members of the taxon produce norstictic and stictic acids. Currently, the lichen flora of Vietnam include Arthonia radiata, Brigantiaea tricolor, Coenogonium implexum, Dirina paradoxa, Herpothallon sipmanhi, Pertusaria pertusa, and Sarcographina cyclospora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three species of Graphis (Graphidaceae) are described from Mexico from two research stations of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM): Chamela Biological Station in the Cuixmala-Chamela Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco, and Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biological Station in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz. The new species Graphis bungartzii Barcenas-Peña, Lücking, Herrera-Campos & R. Miranda is characterized by erumpent lirellae with a lateral thalline margin, striate labia and laterally carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and connorstictic acids. Graphis chamelensis Barcenas-Peña & Lücking has prominent lirellae with a basal to lateral thalline margin, entire labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid. Finally, Graphis rosae-emiliae Barcenas-Peña & Lücking is characterized by erumpent lirellae with lateral thalline margin, striate labia and completely carbonized exciple, transversely septate ascospores, and no substances detected by TLC. We present updates to the world key to Graphis for 41 newly described or reinstated species since the world key was published in 2009. The following new combination is proposed: Pallidogramme parvicarpum (B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar) Lücking comb. nov., based on Graphis parvicarpa B. O. Sharma & Khadilkar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A saxicolous Graphis discovered in the southern part of South Korea is described as new to science. The new species, Graphis koreana sp. nov., is characterized by a green to brownish green, thick, rimose thallus, completely carbonized proper exciple, trans-septate to submuriform ascospores and the presence of norstictic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The following new species for the lichen genus Graphis in Korea are reported: C. chlorotica, C. nanodes and C. tenuirima. A brief description of these species, together with their distribution, ecology, and illustrations are provided. A key to all known species of this genus from Korea is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sources cited within this issue are presented including the articles "A New Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae) From Turkey," "Graphis supracola A.W. Archer is Not Endemic to Australia" and "Puttea (Pilocarpaceae) in Eastern North America."

Three names in the genus Graphis are validated: Graphisnorvestitoides Sutjaritturakan, G. rongklaensis Sutjaritturakan, and Graphis arbusculaeformis (Vain.) Lücking. In addition, the new species G. pseudoaquilonia Lücking is described, differing from G. norvestitoides in the clear versus inspersed hymenium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphidaceae, the most dominant lichen family in Assam is represented by 63 species under 13 genera. Genus Graphis is dominant in the area with 29 species followed by Phaeographis (7 spp.), Sarcographa (6 spp.), Fissurina (5 spp.), Diorygma, Glyphis, Platygramme, (3 spp. each), Thecaria (2 spp.), Acanthothecis, Dyplolabia, Hemithecium Pallidogramme and Phaeographina, (1 spp. each). Out of these, 28 species have been found as new additions for Assam. The present paper deals with enumeration of all the known species with; their distribution in India, specimens examined, along with key to genera and species to facilitate their identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their potential shortcomings for phylogenetic inference, sometimes only morphological data are available for systematic classification. Computational methods are used to determine morphological site patterns congruent with the molecular tree in order to improve the accuracy of the classification of taxa for which only morphological data exist. Here, we used molecular site weight calibration as implemented in RAxML to weight morphological characters based on their distribution on a maximum likelihood tree inferred from molecular data. We subsequently conducted morphology-based 'phylogenetic binning' (= assignment of morphologically defined taxa that lack molecular data to branches of the molecular reference tree) based on the morphology of the taxa included in the tree. We applied this methodology to the lichen genus Graphis s.l. (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae), which was recently shown to represent two separate, distantly related lineages, Graphis s.str. and Allographa. Of 313 species of Graphis and Allographa included in the study, 16 were represented by molecular sequence data and morphology, and 297 by morphology only. Using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony site weight calibration and morphology-based phylogenetic binning, 281-290 of the 297 species represented by morphological data only could be assigned to either Graphis or Allographa with strong support (90%-100%). Two species, G. saxiseda and G. evirescens, were found to represent species of the unrelated genus Carbacanthographis. Our results showed that assignment of taxa to clades based on morphological data only substantially improved with molecular site weight calibration. Both molecular site weight calibration and branch assignment to the molecular reference tree are implemented in the RAxM L v.7.2.6 Windows executable and the RAxM L v.7.2.8 open-source code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphis parvicarpa and Pallidogramme bengalense are described as new to science from India. Graphis parvicarpa is characterized by a striate excipulum, inspersed hymenium, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid in the thallus. Pallidogramme bengalense is characterized by a striate exciple, muriform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores, inspersed hymenium and no lichen substances in the thallus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Spore-derived mycobionts of the lichen Graphis proserpens were cultivated on a malt-yeast extract medium supplemented with 10% sucrose and their metabolites were investigated. Isocoumarin derivatives 1–3 and 7-oxo-5,7-dihydrooxepino[4,3,2-de]isochromene derivatives, proserins A–C (4–6), were isolated along with three known isocoumarin derivatives and three benzoic acid derivatives. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The new genus Halegrapha is introduced, with six species (five new species and one new combination) from Australia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Kenya, Mexico, and the United States: H. chimaera Rivas Plata & Lücking (type species; Philippines), H. floridana Common & Lücking (United States: Florida), H. intergrapha Hale ex Lücking (Malaysia), H. kenyana Kalb & Lücking (Kenya), H. mexicana A. B. Peña & Lücking (Mexico), and H. mucronata (Stirt.) Lücking (Australia). The genus resembles Graphis morphologically in the strongly carbonized, black lirellae and white-grey thallus strongly encrusted with calcium oxalate crystals, but has a Phaeographis-type hymenium (clear in two species) and ascospores, making it a ‘chimera’ between the two genera. Molecular data suggest the genus to be closely related to Phaeographis and allies but genetically distinct from any of the genera currently recognized, including Platygramme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial small subunit and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA re- vealed that the lichen genus Graphis sensu Staiger represents two separate lineages. Graphis s.str. comprises the species of the G. scripta and G. subserpentina groups (`Eugraphis'), as well as the G. striatula group sensu Lucking. For the segregate genus, the name ,4llographa Chevall. is available, and this genus includes the G. acharii, G. dussii, G. marginata, G. nuda, and G. symplecta groups. The separation of both lineages is supported by principal component analysis species ordination based on phenotype characters, although the G. dussii and G. subserpentina groups appear phenotypically intermediate. Species formerly placed in Hemithecium subg. Hemithecium sensu Staiger were shown to belong to at least four lineages, one nested within Graphis (H. implicatum), one within Allographa (H. chiorocarpum), one sister to Allographa (H. rufopallidum), and one nested within the Phaeographis dade (H. plicosum). Allographa is genetically close to the bulk of lirellate Graphidaceae (Diorygma, Glyphis, Pallidogranime, Phaeographis, Platygramme, Platythecium, Sarcographa, Thalloloma, Thecaria), whereas Graphis s.str. exhibits unique genetic apomorphies and takes a more isolated position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the restudy describing a new lichen specie, Medusulina Chilena C. W. Dodge, which is not related to Arthoniales but belongs in Graphidaceae. It says that the name for the Chilean species was combined in Graphis as G. petraea. It mentions that the type material of Opegrapha Petraea and Medusulina chilean which is best placed in Carbacanthographis.

Abstract: isolation and characterization of new carboxylic acids (I)—(III) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]