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The Darkhouse Lighthouse is a permanent installation in the Troy Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is part of a collection of Art Houses created by art collector Evan Mirapaul. The lighthouse is located in a residential neighborhood and was built in a home that was previously damaged by fire. The artwork aims to highlight the city's history and its connection to the sea, as well as evoke a sense of nostalgia and imagination. The lighthouse is filled with historic items and offers an immersive experience for visitors. The project also incorporates elements of craftwork and architectural repair. [Extracted from the article]

Transition and amplification processes promote the adoption of agroecological principles among producers. This study shows how both processes are put into practice. To obtain information, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers selected through snowball sampling. For amplification, field visits and informal interviews were carried out with agroecological farmers. The results reveal a clear distinction between agroecological farmers, from those in transition, and those following conventional. Agroecological practices are not only determined by the perceived risks associated with the use of fertilizers and pesticides by the producers. Agroecological farmers show potential to amplify agroecology. Finally, this study shows that transition and amplification can be evaluated as different processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter of appreciation for Norman Denzin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological inquiry into health is typically centered on ableism, which views healthiness and non-(dis)abledness as the desirable norm. To see beyond these normative perspectives, I propose a view of (dis)ease and (dis)ability as "well-being." Well-being should be conceived as a complex assemblage that includes a focus on lived experience and an intersectional view of social and personal identities. I use archaeological and archival evidence from three lighthouses in the Great Lakes region of the United States to propose ways to apply the concept of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linking literature with tourism can be crucial in preserving and promoting cultural heritage associated with literary production. Many towns and cities around the globe have become literary landmarks because of their association with acclaimed writers and their work. Literary lovers are attracted to the actual sites depicted in literature or other locations related to literary production, e.g., authors' residences or graves. This article presents examples of literary heritage valorisation by national and international organisations. It also explains the tourism potential of traditional Greek lighthouses through the findings of a research that focused on the cultural capital they represent. Literature and oral storytelling regarding Greek lighthouses, in combination with their magnificent history, architecture and landscape, have surrounded them with a spiritual aura that appeals to sophisticated tourists. The paper illustrates the reasons for the strategic incorporation of lighthouse literary tourism in the Greek tourism product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smarter Together project implemented in the three lighthouse cities (LHCs) of Lyon, Munich, and Vienna a set of co-created and integrated smart solutions for a better life in urban districts. The implemented solutions have been monitored using a novel integrated monitoring methodology (IMM) following a co-creation process involving key stakeholders of the LHCs. With focus on holistic building refurbishment and the integration of onsite renewable energy supply (RES), the three LHCs refurbished around 117,497 m2 of floor area and constructed 12,446 m2 of new floor area. They implemented around 833 kWp of PV, 35 kW of solar thermal and 13,122 kW of geothermal heating systems. Altogether, the realized solutions for low-energy districts in the three LHCs will annually save around 4000 MWh/a, generate 1145 MWh/a of RES and reduce around 1496 tCO2/a of CO2 emissions, corresponding to specific values of 37.6 kWh/m2.a and 11.9 kg-CO2/m2.a for final energy saving and CO2 emission reductions, respectively. KPI-based monitoring and evaluation of the implemented solutions provides qualitative and quantitative insight, experience and lessons learned to optimize the process of implementation and deployment of integrated solutions for holistic building refurbishment, and thus contribute to advancing sustainable urban transformation at the district level for both LHCs and FCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transition in islands constitutes a major challenge. Apart from a necessity, it can also be a great opportunity for sustainable social and economic development. Toward this direction, a new, promising movement has emerged recently in Greek islands. Straight from the roots of the insular population, development of energy communities comes as the result of increased awareness of local people, raised also by the legacy of lighthouse projects and initiatives. Kythnos, Ikaria, Sifnos, Tilos, Agios Efstratios, Crete, and Chalki, are all islands that have embraced the implementation of successful, local-scale innovation projects and/or initiatives, generating meaningful results across different energy aspects and contributing to positive social change. Our study provides an overview of the broader energy transition aspects in Greek islands, discusses the impact of the aforementioned exemplary cases, and further elaborates on the model of energy communities. According to our analysis, leveraging on the experience of lighthouse projects and initiatives, and on the dynamics of the emerging energy community movement, could lead to increased social and economic benefits for the insular populations, to broad public acceptance, and to minimum environmental impacts for the islands' natural ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrofitting the building stock is pivotal to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Most of the existing research on energy efficiency focuses on new residential buildings. The focus must shift to multi-building retrofits, thereby more frequently including non-residential buildings. As multi-building and non-residential projects are given a lighthouse role in achieving current global climate goals, more research should focus on this potential. This study covers single- and multi-building retrofitting projects. It also explores the role of non-residential projects, typical project settings, energy reduction achievements and the added complexity of the multi-building scale. The chosen methodology combines a systematic literature search with a subsequent critical metadata and full-text review of more than 80 peer-reviewed scientific papers. The results show that the number of studies in the research field has increased substantially in the last few years, while the research mostly originates from Europe and focuses on the residential building typology. This research is partly transferable to similar climate zones elsewhere, while a large proportion of climate zones remains unexplored. The current body of definitions and requirements regarding energy retrofitting is an impediment to the comparability of projects, and particularly the multi-building scale is in need of international guidance. Future research should focus on making retrofit measures more applicable internationally, while unifying project boundaries. The stronger inclusion of non-residential retrofitting projects as lighthouse projects including social aspects is needed. Retrofitting that covers energy production and sharing has great potential and should be seen as an opportunity. [Display omitted] • Multi-building retrofitting is emerging but requires clearer international guides. • Europe stands for most publications, motivated by policies and climate goals. • Most of the reported energy retrofits do not satisfy "deep retrofitting" goals. • Multi-building retrofitting results in added social and technical difficulties. • Clearer international guidelines and best practices needed to reach climate goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nezih Cansel (1921-1997), who published poetry extensively in important literary magazines of the period such as Varlık, Istanbul Kültür, Kaynak in the second half of the 1940s and also published two books of poetry called as Arka Sokak (The Back Alley) (with Turhan Gürkan) and Fener Bekçisi (The Lighthouse Keeper), is a forgotten poet for today. In our article, we tried to identify the poems published by Nezih Cansel in magazines since 1945, and we examined together these poems with those in his books. In the analysis, Cansel's poems were discussed in terms of the changes they have undergone. Cansel's poems, which have changed poetically twice in the short time he published his work, are divided into three periods accordingly. The Garip movement and Attila Ilhan played an important role in those changes. While analyzing Cansel's poems, we tried to show these effects by trying to reveal how his poems have changed in terms of form and content in connection with the understanding of poetry it influenced him. In this way, we aimed to evaluate Cansel's poetry world in a holistic way with our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundational debates about public service provision originate with the study of private lighthouses in England and Wales. We provide a new empirical assessment of cost and technical efficiency of competing lighthouse organizations in the early 1800s. Those with more private control charged ships higher fees and had greater operating costs. Lights with more local representation and funding provided lights of more local use and were most cheaply maintained. Our results help explain why government promoted nonprofit organizations to run lighthouses over private operators. We provide new insights into the role of private enterprise and nonprofit organizations in public service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An implicitly new optical device – cylindrical Fresnel lenses concentrator can focus sunlight into an arc at any light incidence. • Such device can allow a high acceptance angle, about 60°, at hand and even up to 90°, ideally. • High optical efficiency of ∼70% is confirmed through optical simulation. • An expertimental demonstration confirmed a 16-fold improvement of current gain. • Such proposed CPV system is compatibility with two tracking mechanisms: daily or yearly tracking. We here invent an implicitly new optical device - cylindrical Fresnel lenses historically used in the decades-old lighthouse concentrator to find application in the field of concentrator photovoltaic, with numerous demonstrations of exotic features in optics. The precious attribute of such a solar concentrator is its ability to grant a focal point sequence, essentially distributed over an arc at any light incidence. The other striking merit of this design is its high acceptance angle, about 60°, at hand and even up to 90°, ideally. We have applied this approach to a simplified principle-of-concept model that closely depicts the octagonal cylindrical Fresnel lens in essence. This convergence feature was evidenced in a mock-up model through optical simulation and further consolidated by electrical characteristics analysis. Specifically, the simulation affirmed that an optimal structure can attain a concentration ratio of ∼23 and an optical efficiency of ∼70%. We indeed confirmed through an outdoor experiment a 16-fold improvement of current gain, which was close to the simulation result. Of further exceptional interest in such a design is its compatibility with two mature common tracking mechanisms: daily or yearly single-axis tracking, leaving room for design compromises. This design leaves ample margins for simple and low-cost light couplers, which are advantageous in affordable concentrator photovoltaic systems. In addition, the quantitative assessment unravelled that the generated power can be enhanced 1.3× in comparison with the flat Silic panel. We describe the potential realization of the large-scale of the model, making this solar concentrator amenable to commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecularlevel understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term "cell marker" might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify the academic productions carried out about the Lighthouse of Knowledge and Innovation. It also analyzes the extent to which this object of study dialogues with the question of territory by encompassing the concepts of territoriality, educational territory, and educating city. The theoretical framework highlights authors and researchers such as Santos (1985, 2020), Albagli (2004), Haesbaert (2004), Gadotti (2006), and Moll (2019), who support the theoretical foundation. Initially, the article contextualizes the theme and then presents the methodology used; this is bibliographic research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, according to Marconi and Lakatos (2003). In the results, it is discussed how the Lighthouse of knowledge is located in the territory. It is concluded that the theme is little studied; however, the investigation brings relevant contributions to the concept of educational territory, which strengthens the perspective of an educating city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Enlightenment is widely thought to have been a period when "science" and "technology" became intimately intertwined. In his 1791 book on the building of the Eddystone lighthouse (completed in 1759), the English engineer John Smeaton praised the Royal Society for being more than a group of abstract theoreticians. This article looks at the fellows of Smeaton's Royal Society network who contributed knowledge, reports, specimens, and inventions solicited by Smeaton when he was working on this lighthouse project. I show, in line with other recent research on this topic, that the "artisans" of the 18th century did not confine themselves to practical know‐how, and that "scholars" were not merely interested in abstract philosophising; instead, the figures I look at in this paper were hybrid knowers who possessed useful knowledge and book learning. I argue that the advice solicited by Smeaton during the building of the lighthouse was characterised not by exchanges between theory and practice, but by a combining of different types of knowledge from separate fields. A second feature of this intellectual co‐operation is that it was not centred on a group of practical industrialists or engineers, but rather it was the Royal Society that served as the common denominator, bringing all of the characters in our story into contact with each other. This is reflected in the subject matter involved, which was characteristic of the research focus of the virtuoso tradition in the 18th‐century Royal Society. Smeaton's contact with this tradition was influenced by his friendships, his social activities, and, indirectly, by the way that the dissensions that occupied the Royal Society during the early 1780s impacted his retrospective account of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Commemorative Modernisms: Women Writers, Death and the First World War" by Alice Kelly is a systematic study that explores the relationship between modernism and the First World War. The author focuses on the unprecedented scale and mechanized nature of war deaths and argues that modernist experimentation, particularly in women's writing, emerges as a response to representing these deaths. The book examines the effects of the war on European and American attitudes towards death and the role of women in corresponding rituals. It is organized into three sections that explore different degrees of proximity to the war, highlighting the evolution of modernist experimentation in response to death and commemoration. The study concludes by discussing how war death becomes integrated into modernist aesthetics, with women writers often expressing their preoccupation with the war dead through dreams and ghosts. [Extracted from the article]

This paper introduces the construction technology of the outer formwork of a lighthouse project. The lighthouse is structured as a contractile variable section cylinder with a diameter from 10.27 m to 6 m. Through comparison with the conventional process, we summarized a set of simple, safe and reliable construction technology of the outer formwork. The practical application of this technology proves that it can effectively improve the construction efficiency, reduce the cost, and save the construction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate scientists have identified the establishment of historical baseline data from which to determine degrees of climate change as a significant challenge. In this article the use of ships' logbooks and other sources for maritime history, to provide evidence of weather and climatic conditions pre-dating the era of modern meteorological data measurements, is discussed. The CLIWOC and TANAP projects utilising international archival resources to provide climatological and related information are examined. The discussion is then focused on the Indian Ocean rim countries and the archival and historical resources that may yield similar information. The article concentrates on sources in the Republic of South Africa, and sources in the Sultanate of Oman and Western Australia are discussed for comparative purposes. Utilising archival sources to provide historical climate-change related data aligns archivists and information scientists with the major imperatives of the South African Government. A beginning can also be made with developing southsouth scientific and archival co-operation that can unlock new sources of historical and climatological knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boathouse Row, in Philadelphia’s Fairmount Park, is one of the city’s longstanding heritage landscapes. Among this historic collection of buildings stands Turtle Rock Lighthouse, Philadelphia’s only remaining lighthouse and one of the few standing in Pennsylvania. Notably, Turtle Rock is embedded within one of the boathouses, the Sedgeley Club, which was the first women’s athletic club founded in the United States. This paper traces the co-development of both Turtle Rock Lighthouse and the Sedgeley Club into a single institution as they became significant but lesser-known features of both Philadelphia’s social history and heritage landscape. Through this case study’s deeper examination of the historical and geographical contexts, I argue that lighthouses are too often overlooked or disregarded elements of cultural landscapes in scholarship and should be better appreciated aspects of our heritage and built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situated along the Croatian coastline, in the area outside the ports, there are 50 lighthouses which, in accordance with the provisions of the Maritime Code and the Plovput Act, are managed by the company Plovput d.o.o. According to the current legislation, the legal status of lighthouses is in doubt, which in practice makes it difficult to properly manage these valuable facilities of importance for the safety of navigation in the Adriatic. The Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure has formed a working group to draft a proposal for amendments to the Plovput Act. One of the objectives of amending the Act (or passing a new one) is to ensure better management of lighthouses, given their importance for the safety of navigation, but also for their traditional and cultural values. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is the clear regulation of the legal status of lighthouses. This paper provides an overview of the existing legal framework which could apply to lighthouses, and highlights the divergent practice among the State Attorney’s Office, the courts and the Maritime Property Boundary Commission regarding their legal status. It seeks to offer proposals for possible solutions to regulate the legal status, to determine the lighthouse area and registration in the cadastre and land registers and to give guidelines for drafting a legal framework for the management of lighthouses. Additionally, given that Plovput d.o.o. has concluded contracts for the restoration and lease, or contracts for lease, of 17 lighthouses, a model is proposed to regulate the rights and obligations arising from such contracts. Finally, the issue is raised of the suitability of the new or amended Plovput Act for regulating these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yigal Schwartz, Amos Oz's long-time editor and a prominent Oz scholar, reflects on the author's impact on Israel culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Oshidomari Lighthouse was first lit in 1892. "Oshidomari Lighthouse Reiki-Kobunbo" records information about the management of this lighthouse from 1892 to Showa Period. This document is valuable considering the process of the management from establishment of the lighthouse as well as lighting instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a system for centimeter-precision 3 dimensional localization of a $2\times 3\times 0.3$ mm3, 5 mg, wireless system-on-chip by utilizing a temporally-structured infrared illumination scheme generated by a set of base stations. This 3D localization system builds on previous work by adding a second lighthouse station to enable 3D localization and using the integrated wireless radio, making the localization system fully wireless. We demonstrate 3D tracking with mean absolute errors of 1.54 cm, 1.50 cm, and 5.1 cm for the X, Y, and Z dimensions. This is the first time such a lighthouse localization system has been able to localize a monolithic single-chip wireless system. [2020-0102] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exotic, neutron-rich and weakly-bound isotope 29F stands out as a waymarker on the southern shore of the island of inversion, a portion of the nuclear chart where the effects of nuclear forces lead to a reshuffling of the single particle levels and to a reorganization of the nuclear structure far from stability. This nucleus has become very popular, as new measurements allow to refine theoretical models. We review the latest developments and suggest how to further assess the structure by proposing predictions on electromagnetic transitions that new experiments of Relativistic Coulomb Excitation should soon become able to measure. The neutron-rich, weakly bound fluorine isotope 29F has been extensively investigated theoretically, but its significance has been revived by recent experiments. The authors present the latest developments and make prediction on the electromagnetic transitions occurring in this isotope that may be observed in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Might the luminous white light at the top of the lighthouse be a new form of the white whale that Wake selfishly keeps locked up for his own pleasure and that Winslow covets as the film unfolds? Wake and Winslow could not be more different: Wake is a hard-bitten story teller who, like a merciless father dominates and abuses his new son from the outset. Disgusted by Wake's abuse and his stinking breath, constant farting and accelerating decay, Winslow speaks in low tones: "I'm tired of your farting and of your yarns in your Captain Ahab voice. He throws Wake into it and begins to bury him; with dirt thrown in his face, Wake continues in a reverie about the god Proteus: "that Protean force that serves up from men's minds" all forms of shape-shifting illusions. [Extracted from the article]

A comparison of the French and English lighthouse systems reveals the benefits of state intervention in technological development. The French system, funded by the state, produced major innovations such as the Fresnel lens, and was the first to achieve comprehensive sea-coast lighting. The English system, dominated by private ownership early on, failed to either develop or invest in these innovations. The comparison also sheds light on the emerging category of the public good. Economist Ronald Coase has questioned the lighthouse's longstanding position as a canonical example of the public good by arguing that in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England, lighthouses were successfully provided by a private market. Yet his argument ignored the fact that technological changes in the eighteenth and nineteenth century transformed not only the cost and effectiveness of lighthouses, but also their function, economic role, and potential for excludability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study presented here is to describe the design method used by engineers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to size lighthouse structures and to compare them with current European standards. The historical information presented here is derived from two sources in particular: the archives of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, which was built at the northern tip of Brittany between 1897 and 1902, and the scientific journals, books and courses available at that time. Firstly, the article describes the structure of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, which is the tallest stone lighthouse in Europe. The wind load acting on lighthouses and chimneys was formulated in France by L. Fresnel in 1825. Fresnel's work is compared to W. J. M. Rankine's theory used in the UK. The safety coefficients applied with respect to the stability of the towers in France and the UK in the nineteenth-century are compared. On the occasion of the construction of the Ile Vierge lighthouse, the masonry strength under wind loads led to a discussion among engineers of the French lighthouse authorities. They also worried about the risk of excessive oscillations of the towers, which could cause a dysfunction of the lamp. Thirdly, the standard wind action defined in Eurocode 1 is applied to the Ile Vierge lighthouse. Calculation results are given. A comparative analysis of the ancient and modern methods is presented. Overall, this historical research shows that the designers of lighthouses in the nineteenth-century had the same objectives as today: to build strong, durable structures in which deformations under loads are compatible with serviceability. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighthouses situated on exposed rocky outcrops warn mariners of the dangers that lurk beneath the waves. They were first constructed when approaches to wave loading and structural response were relatively unsophisticated, essentially learning from previous failures. Here, we chart the evolution of lighthouses on the Wolf Rock, situated between Land's End and the Isles of Scilly in the UK. The first empirical approaches are described, followed by design aspects of the present tower, informed by innovations developed on other rocky outcrops. We focus on a particular development associated with the automation of lighthouses: the helideck platform. The design concept is described and the structure then scrutinized for future survivability, using the latest structural modelling techniques of the entire lighthouse and helideck. Model validation data were obtained through a complex logistical field operation and experimental modal analysis. Extreme wave loading for the model required the identification of the 250-year return period wave using a Bayesian method with informative prior distributions, for two different scenarios (2017 and 2067). The structural models predict responses of the helideck to wave loading which is characterized by differential displacements of 0.093 m (2017) and 0.115 m (2067) with associated high tension forces and plastic strain. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage structures serve as invaluable records of cultural achievement that should be preserved for future generations. To ensure the successful preservation of these structures, there must be an affordable and effective way to conduct conservation. The objective of this work is to outline an efficient workflow for the structural analysis of preservation projects through a case study on the Morris Island Lighthouse in Charleston, South Carolina. Thorough documentation of the cultural significance and structural condition of the lighthouse was completed through archival research, photogrammetry and crack mapping. Structural Health Monitoring and Distinct Element Modelling were used to analyse past structural damage and the present condition. The behaviour of masonry and crack propagation was evaluated under gravity, wind, wave and seismic loading. The results of these analyses were summarized in a virtual tour and informational modelling environment, which allows the results to be accessed and associated with their physical location on the structure. The benefits and limitations of this process are discussed, and a standardized workflow for efficient structural analysis of cultural heritage is proposed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the Gap Rock lighthouse, a legendary maritime infrastructure built 130 years ago in the Chinese territory and an early example of joint venture among the Qing Dynasty, the British Empire and the Hong Kong Colonial Government over a course of two decades. Based on 4 years of cross-territorial archival and field research as well as in-depth interviews with descendants of two key stakeholders, the origin of this lasting legacy on the sea is traced, followed by a detailed account of its challenging processes of planning, design and construction, and of the considerable damage to the compound by a severe typhoon in 1893. A qualitative analysis of the key contributing factors of the damage was conducted by taking into consideration the Island's unique topography and the historical records of territorial weather reports. A re-construction of the typhoon impact on the Lighthouse is presented to explain the possible mistakes in its siting and design that eventually caused the severe damage. This serves as a reminder of the significance of a thorough geographical investigation for any infrastructure for all construction professionals in the face of climatic change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore lighthouses are a remarkable historical heritage often over 100 years old. The management of their ageing is a challenge and requires a thorough understanding of their structural response under wave loading. With this aim in view, the dynamic response of the 'La Jument' lighthouse in the French Iroise Sea was characterized in situ, with accelerometers, under the action of a breaking wave, during a winter storm in January 2018. Detailed exploitation of the measurement data complemented by photographic documentation of the same wave event helped determine eigenfrequencies and damping coefficients of the structure as well as the likely orientation of the wave and the position of its crest with respect to the lighthouse tower. The results of these analyses were put into perspective with those of literature and more specifically from three-dimensional finite element modelling of the structural response of the lighthouse under the action effects of breaking waves. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results from an experiment designed to improve the understanding of the relationship between extreme breaking waves and their mechanical loading on heritage offshore lighthouses. The experiment, conducted at La Jument, an iconic French offshore lighthouse, featured several records of wave, current and structure accelerations acquired during severe storm conditions, with individual waves as high as 24 m. Data analysis focuses on a storm event marked by a strong peak in the horizontal accelerations measured inside La Jument. Thanks to stereo-video wave measurements synchronized to the acceleration record we were able to identify and describe the breaking wave responsible for this intense loading. Our observations suggest that this giant wave (19 m high) had a crest elevation high enough to directly hit the lighthouse tower, above the substructure. This paper reveals the potential for conducting ambitious field experiments from offshore lighthouses in order to collect valuable storm waves and wave loading observations. This offers a possible second service life for these heritage structures as in situ laboratories dedicated to the study of the coastal hydrodynamics and its interaction with marine structures. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic rock lighthouses are unusual structures that are situated in hostile marine environments to provide warning to mariners. Even in an era of satellite navigation their role continues to be an important one, but their survivability into the future is not assured. Out of concern for their ongoing service, the multidisciplinary STORMLAMP project is assessing their survivability under wave loading. This paper presents the various stages of investigations into the structural integrity and stability assessment of the Fastnet lighthouse, situated just off the coast of Ireland. The paper describes: Extreme Bayesian analysis to quantify waves of particular return periods resulting in a 1 in 250 year return period wave with H 0.1% of 17.6 m and an associated maximum force of 20,765 kN; logistically challenging field modal tests revealing the key modal parameters, like the modal masses of 1822 t and 1 675 t for 4.8 Hz and 5.0 Hz modes respectively, the cantilevered nature of the overall lighthouse and the directional effects due to the asymmetric contact with the granite rock; and details of a discontinuous finite element model that is used to determine the stability of the tower under the 1 in 250 year return period breaking wave condition, which is well within stability and material strength limits, causing maximum horizontal displacements in the order of 1 mm at the top of the tower. The overall assessment is that the sheer mass of the lighthouse and its interconnected joints are able to withstand the worst of the Atlantic storms. • Bayesian extreme values analysis is applied to 27 years of wave hindcast data. • Prior informative distributions for the shape and scale parameters are defined from the surrounding numerical nodes. • Field modal analysis is performed in order to identify dynamic parameters of the lighthouse. • For the first time, a discontinuous finite element model is applied to the analysis of the coastal structures. • The survivability of the historic Fastnet lighthouse is performed on the basis of the validated numerical structural model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]