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While digital humanities has emerged as a cutting-edge research trend in the humanities over the past two decades, its application in literary research is still scarce. At present, the field of digital humanities for literary studies is largely focused on theoretical development, critical reflections, and infrastructure building. This article aims to explore the potential of digital humanities in advancing literary research through critical practices and elucidates the distinctive advantages of employing digital humanities methodologies in the study of literature. In this article, a dozen of children's editions of Robinson Crusoe from different historical periods are used as the corpus, and methods such as word cloud, keyword extraction, and sentiment analysis using Python are used to examine the adaptation of Defoe's original novel in children's editions and to uncover a positive inclination throughout the diachronic evolution of children's literature adaptations. It has also revealed some patterns within the intricate details of the different children's editions. In doing so, the article demonstrates the unique advantages of digital humanities in literary studies and proposes new ways of applying digital humanities to literary criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love and Intrigue is an outstanding work by the German dramatist Friedrich Schiller. This work was initially titled Louise Millerin , which was changed to Love and Intrigue before its premiere. The title Louise Millerin indicates the importance of the female character Louise in the drama. However, is Louise the real protagonist of the drama? Existing research provided no definitive answer to this question. Scholars have not agreed on who the protagonist is in the drama and how to quantify the prominence of the character. To address these issues, this study adopts Social Network Analysis (SNA) to visualize the character network, quantify the centrality of the characters, and perform cluster analysis of the characters in Love and Intrigue. The results indicate that Ferdinand displays the highest prominence and has higher stability regarding centrality than Louise. We explore possible reasons behind the findings. First, the highlighting of the male character Ferdinand may reflect male dominance in the eighteenth-century Germany. Second, Schiller incorporated his personal experiences and emotional preferences into the writing of the drama, leading to his favor of Ferdinand. Third, Schiller may have also been influenced by the style of previous German playwrights. By applying SNA to literary research, this study presents a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the characters in Love and Intrigue and contributes to the research on Schiller's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes Aleksandr Kozachinskii's 1938 Russian-language novella "The Green Wagon" as a roman à clef and exemplar of the Odesa Myth that has been unjustly neglected in literary scholarship. Reasons for the neglect of "The Green Wagon" include the historical context of its publication, between the Great Purges of 1936-- 1938 and the outbreak of World War II; Kozachinskii's untimely death; and the conventional interpretation of the novella that reduces it to a fictionalized account of Kozachinskii's friendship with Evgenii Petrov in Odesa during the early Soviet period. Against such a reductionist reading, and on the basis of recent archival-based scholarship on Kozachinskii's biography, I argue that "The Green Wagon" should instead be understood as a double memoir, disguised as a roman à clef, of distinct episodes of Kozachinskii's past as both criminal element and police investigator. The essay explores the ways in which Kozachinskii simultaneously discloses and conceals the memoiristic character of his text against the background of Stalin-era practices of selffashioning and police-supervised confessions during the time of the Great Purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many books and articles have been written in the past and present about the doubt of contradiction and conflict in the Qur'anic verses, but each of these works have looked at the issue from a different angle and sometimes they have investigated a specific type of doubt and conflict. The claim of literary inconsistency in the Qur'an is It can be in accordance with the reality that is not compatible with the order and style in Arabic poetry and prose. Therefore, it is still necessary to investigate the doubts of contemporary researchers and orientalists about the literary inconsistency of the verses, to count the different types of this doubt and to scrutinize the claims of the claimants of this doubt.this article has compared and analyzed the position of suspicion of some verses of literary incompatibility with common rules in Arabic texts. The findings of this research were as follows; Part of the doubts related to literary inconsistency in the Qur'an is due to the lack of sufficient mastery of the rarely used rules in Arabic poetry and prose, because the literary and rhetorical rules of the Qur'an are composed of two general and specialized parts, the general part of which is widely used and the specialized part of which includes exceptions and few rules. It is used. Its less used part is common and customary in Arabic poems and texts. The common composition and order in many of the ambiguous verses of literary suspense correspond to the rarely used and elegant rules in Arabic poetry and prose. It is obvious that the critics of the Quran have set only the general rules of Arabic literature as the criteria for literary inconsistency in the verses of the Quran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to determine the effectiveness of a proposed program based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels to develop some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts for students teachers of Geography Division.Two lists of some geographical thinking skills and some geographical analysis skills of literary texts were prepared for students teachers of Geography Division .A proposal based on Jules Verne's science fiction novels, and students' working papers were also prepared.The researcher prepared two research tools, namely: geographical thinking skills teste and geographical analysis skills for literary texts teste. The research group consisted of an experimental group of (27) male and female students from Geography Division of the fourth year - Faculty Education - Assiut University, and the results of the research found a significant effectiveness of the proposed program in developing geographical thinking skills amounted to (0.991) and the geographical analysis skills of literary texts amounted to (0.992) among student teachers of Geography Division the research group, and there is a positive correlation with statistical significance at the level of Significance (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group student teachers in the post application of the geographical thinking skills test and the geographical analysis skills test of literary texts; It ranged between (20.9-25.6), that is a high percentage, which indicates a strong correlation between the two variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mustafa Zarir from Erzurum is one of the great authors of Turkic literature. His latest translation "One Hundred Hadiths and One Hundred Stories", is considered to be the first collection of 100 hadiths written in Turkic. This work, written in prose, is written in a simple, fluent Turkic, with short sentences like other works of the time. This written monument has a great significance thanks to its lexicon, vocabulary, phonetic, morphological, syntactic and semantic features. This work, 20 manuscripts of which are known to the world of science recently, is rich in old Turkic words, as well as, with lexically archaic verbs. It should be noted that many of these verbs, which are considered archaic for the modern Azerbaijani literary language, are still used in Turkish. This last work of Mustafa Zarir, written in prose, provides a number of valuable facts about the early periods when the written branch of the Azerbaijani literary language was formed. The careful research on this written monument that has a great significance for the history of Azerbaijani-Turkic language is important to solve the problems on the formation of written literary language in Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article introduces a manuscript called Kashf al-Zor fi Nazm al-Dor. The author of this version is Rukn al-Din Shirazi, one of the mystics in the 8th century AD. However, it is Ali bin Muhammad Hassan Toni in 835 AD, who has written the mentioned manuscript. The major part of this edition consists of an exquisite mystical treatise and description of Ibn Farez's ode, which is kept in the library of the Islamic Council under the number of 13679. The main goal of this descriptive-analytical research was to examine the literary and expressive methods of the work, while introducing and reflecting on the features of the manuscript and at the end, presenting an appropriate answer to the main question of the research: What are the literary styles and special methods of this manuscript? The current version was full of emotion and imagination and imaginative elements were used in the best way. In general, the predominance of words over meaning, superiority of description over news, poetic imaginations and imagery, and use of poetic purposes, such as praise and simile, were some of the special features of this work. The final results of this research were the identification of the unique manuscript of Kashf al-Zor in Nazm al-Dor and analysis of the modes of expression and stylistic, literary, and linguistic characteristics of this mystical treatise, which had been neglected in the history of Persian language and literature of the 9 th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les auteurs soulèvent plusieurs questions relatives aux écrits, témoignages, autofictions publiés par les victimes d'attentats : pourquoi se raconter ? Quelles sont les motivations qui poussent un écrivain, un essayiste, un anonyme à faire le récit de sa vie ou d'un segment de sa vie ? Qu'est-ce qui déclenche ce besoin, cette envie ? Quels sont les destinataires de ces messages ? Il s'agit d'une recherche originale, les auteurs n'ayant pas retrouvé dans la littérature spécialisée ce type d'approche. Analyse de textes de victimes (rédigés par les victimes directes ou indirectes ou par leurs proches) en fonction de plusieurs paramètres, dont la succession chronologique – parfois minutieuse – des événements, la narration de vécus personnels à distances parfois très variables des situations qui les inspirent. Il s'agit d'une analyse en réseau selon la méthode de l'Épistémologie clinique comparative dont il ressort que la structure et la construction littéraire choisies par les auteurs sont très variées, tout comme les genres littéraires maîtrisés ou esquissés auxquels ils se rattachent. Les rôles de ces textes et les fonctions auxquels vient répondre la construction de tels récits diffèrent selon les victimes ; on retrouve souvent une fonction de mise à distance, une prise de recul par rapport à un moment de sa vie qui affecte son devenir. Par rapport au lecteur, la fonction de témoignage et de partage ne semble pas une explication suffisante, alors que le besoin de faire vivre chaque disparu dans la mémoire collective apparaît souvent pour la victime comme une nécessité. La Narratologie et les études de Ricœur sur l' identité et la constitution de soi ont souligné la richesse de la notion d'unité narrative de la vie tout en prenant en considération les difficultés qu'elle soulève. Les écrits de victimes rendent compte d'un vécu individuel à différents moments de l'évolution du trauma et de l'état séquellaire ; le moment du passage à l'écriture, à proximité ou à distance de l'attentat, est variable, tout comme l'évolution du stress post-traumatique ; quant à l'état séquellaire, il est souvent apprécié différemment par la victime, son entourage et les professionnels. This is an original research, the authors having not found in the specialized literature this kind of approach. The authors raise several questions related to the writings, testimonies, and autofictions published by the victims of attacks: Why tell yourself? What are the motivations that push a writer, an essayist, an anonymous person to tell the story of his life or a segment of his life? What triggers this need, this desire? Who are the recipients of these messages? Analysis of victims' texts (written by direct or indirect victims or their relatives) according to several parameters, including chronological succession – sometimes meticulous – events, the narration of personal experiences at distances sometimes very variable of the situations that inspire them. This is a network analysis according to the method of comparative clinical epistemology which shows that: the literary structure and construction chosen by the authors are very varied, as are the literary genres mastered or sketched to which they belong. The roles of these texts and the functions to which the construction of such narratives responds differ according to the victims; we often find a remote function, a step back from a moment in his life that affects his future. Compared to the reader, the function of testimony and sharing does not seem a sufficient explanation while the need to make each disappeared live in the collective memory often appears to the victim as a necessity. The Narratology and Ricoeur's studies on identity and self-constitution have emphasized the richness of the notion of narrative unity of life while taking into account the difficulties it raises. The writings of victims account for an individual experience at different moments of the evolution of trauma and sequelae; the moment of transition to writing, near or at a distance of the attack is variable, as is the evolution of posttraumatic stress; as for the sequelae it is often appreciated differently by the victim, his entourage and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of Sokhan magazine on the development of literary trends in Iran is undeniable. One of the ways that this magazine took this purpose was the foundation of modern literary criticism. Focusing on specialized literary criticism was first started in this land by means of Sokhan magazine. The present study aims at analyzing the approaches of literary criticism in Sokhan magazine with a descriptive-analytical method. This study has finally concluded that in the first ten periods of the magazine, the works were criticized in the traditional way, but in the later periods, reviews appeared either through translation or written reviews by Iranian authors, which are included in the three categories of classic, pre-modern, and modern. Classical criticisms have dealt with the lexical-technical discussions of the works of poets and writers. In pre-modern criticism, in addition to explaining the necessity and importance of literary criticism, it is possible to pay attention to the criticism of human experience and coherence. In modern reviews, most of the new aspects such as the fluid flow of the mind have been analyzed in the works of poets and writers. Introduction The importance of magazines in literary circulation and especially in the development of new literary criticism deserves detailed research. Before the emergence of magazines in the new era, Persian literature had fallen into the cycle of repetition and petrification and it did not benefit from creativity and innovation (Parsinejad, 2001, p. 17). One of the influential magazines in this field is Sokhran magazine which was published over the years under the management of Parviz Natal Khanleri and led contemporary literature toward transformation. This work was mostly done through translation and literary criticism. From 1321 AH onwards, Sokhon magazine became a field for criticism and strengthening and guiding the literary talents of the time (Yahghi, 1996, p. 102). This study investigates the general approaches of literary criticism in this magazine. Materials and Methods This descriptive-analytical study uses a qualitative analysis method, and the statistical population is all the courses of Sokhran magazine. Research Findings Khanlari founded the literary-scientific-social monthly magazine Sokhon in 1322 AH with the cooperation of some prominent writers of that time, including Sadegh Hedayat, Bozorg Alavi, and Sadegh Chobak. The purpose of this magazine was to contribute to the progress and development of Persian literature through the publication of the works of contemporary and young Iranian writers and poets, the foundation and development of literary criticism, the promotion of scientific and literary research, and the introduction of writers and poets from other countries in the world through the translation of their works. Sokhon magazine started to define its policy from the very beginning and thus paved the way for literary critics and the spread of critical thinking in the magazine. It mainly aims at: 1. Proposing the needs and priorities of research in the unknown realms of ancient literature with analytical and critical scientific methods. 2. Critically investigating Persian prose and inventing a new plan with a scientific method to know the rhythm and Bahr of Persian poetry, separating the rules of Persian prosody from Arabic prosody, and establishing new signs and terms for it in the Persian language; 3. Designing the first topics of modern linguistics in Persian and publishing articles on topics such as the evolution of language, language and society, and language and dialect, which were written for the first time in Persian, and expressing the topics of scientific problems in simple, easy language; and 4. Introducing new writers and poets and encouraging them to continue their work by critically reviewing new books in the realm of fiction and poetry. By searching all the periods of Sokhon magazine, we came to the conclusion that the reviews of this magazine have three general approaches: Classical criticism, pre-modern criticism, and modern criticism, and examples of articles included in the magazine were provided for each approach. Moreover, critics were introduced under each approach. The new books section was a title that Khanlari had created in the last few pages of the magazine since the beginning of the publication of Sokhon in Khordad 1322 AH and reviewed new books. It is important from a historical point of view because its words are clear and concise in expressing the matter. There is no ambiguity or generality in its language. It tells the flaws and art of the work and introduces young writers and poets to the literary society of Iran. Many poets and writers who are famous today, have introduced and reviewed their first works in the notes of ‘new books’ in this magazine. Discussion of Results and Conclusion Considering the three approaches of classical, modern, and pre-modern, criticism in the magazine caused both new critics to be cultivated and was a step to stabilize new poetry in front of critics' criticism and pave the way for literary critics and the spread of critical thinking in the magazine. Then, Iranian and non-Iranian critics were introduced. This review and introduction in the magazine made the works of writers and poets visible and made non-Iranians become familiar with Iranians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a pragmatics-based analysis of literary communication. It intends to address the following two long-standing research questions: What makes the literary use of language distinctive, and what mechanisms enable the functioning of literary communication? The task at hand is to advance the understanding of the complexities of literary communication without making use of the traditional assumptions of verbal communication. On the one hand, my explanation of the problems involved in that task falls within the general tradition of philosophical and linguistic pragmatics. On the other hand, this approach considerably differs from other previously established approaches in the field. My chief proposal is that a proper description of the distinctive character of literary communication requires a more adequate conceptual apparatus and a partly different outlook on verbal communication. I argue that Pettersson's theory provides just the kind of tenable approach that is required for the purpose. The analysis is illustrated by means of a literary example, Elizabeth Bishop's poem "One Art." • The cluster conception is a plausible approach to the nature of literary interaction. • The analysis undermines the traditional assumptions about verbal communication. • The specific pragmatic point that can be ascribed to a literary work is not mimetic. • Literary language is not a deviation from ordinary use of language. • Literary discourse is dominated by the presentational pragmatic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the first analysis of the importance of Mexico for the postwar neo-avant-garde British poet Tom Raworth (1938–2017). Focusing on his poetry of the late 1960s and early 1970s, it traces the centrality of Mexico, Latin America, and Spanish to Raworth's work, beginning with connections forged in the internationalist intellectual milieu at the University of Essex in 1967 and concluding with his brief residence in Mexico City in the summer of 1973. Drawing on extensive new archival material, it centers on Raworth's friendship and correspondence with the Mexican writer José Emilio Pacheco (1939–2014). The article demonstrates how these exchanges gave political impetus to Raworth's experiments with the institutional forms of language-learning and how Raworth's critical engagement with Nahuatl in 1968 enabled the temporary reconciliation of linguistic experiment with decolonial politics through a critique of state violence and imperial time. Lastly, it argues that Raworth's interrogation of writing itself in the early 1970s was articulated through the "Mexican" tropes of the mirror and the mask, which provided Mesoamerican analogues for his concern with linguistic instability and the limits of expressive selfhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the power of special topoi to characterize the discourse of literary criticism, and through emphasis on rhetorical action, it sheds light on the limitations of topos analysis for characterizing research articles in disciplinary discourse more generally. Using an analytical approach drawn both from studies of topoi in disciplinary discourse and rhetorical genre theory, I examine a representative corpus of 21st-century literary research articles. I find that while most of the special topoi recognized by Fahnestock and Secor and Wilder remain prevalent in recent criticism, contemporary literary critics tend to draw on only a select subset of those topoi when making claims about their rhetorical actions. The topoi they use most often— mistaken-critic and paradigm —help identify the ways knowledge-making work is undertaken in literary criticism, a discipline often considered epideictic rather than epistemic. But what the special topoi do not capture is precisely the distinctly motivated, actively epistemic character of this disciplinary rhetoric. Based on these findings, I suggest that special topoi must be seen as functioning in the context of the rhetorical action undertaken by literary research articles. These articles undertake not simply persuasion but the particularly humanistic act I refer to as contributing to scholarly understanding : a rhetorical action worth attending to for scholars of disciplinary discourse, because it is deliberately more concerned with practice than product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allusions are implied or indirect references that give writing aesthetic value. Robert Frost used allusions in his poems, but his Biblical allusions in the poem, “Mending Wall”, have not yet been studied in detail. Perhaps the reason is that they are obscure rather than overtly present in the poem. The purpose of the study was to analyze this poem’s obscure Biblical allusions through literary research. Numerous obscure Biblical allusions were discovered, including the poem’s title “Mending Wall”, which alluded to God’s salvation as a mending process. “He is all pine” alludes to wood used to make the cross for the Crucifixion of Christ; “apple orchard” refers to the Garden of Eden; “good neighbor” to Jesus’ command to love one’s neighbor in the parable of the “Good Samaritan;” “loaves” to the miracle of loaves and fishes; and “Bringing a stone … In each hand” denotes the tablets of the Ten Commandments carried by Moses. Thus, all these references used in Frost’s poem have Biblical affiliations and represent the obscure Biblical allusions hidden in this poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a narrative analysis of the Passion in the Gospel of Mark with a view to an aesthetic interpretation. The classical method of literary studies is used to analyze this narrative. The purpose of this study is to read the Passion narrative from an analysis of the text as an aesthetic artifact and from its poetic configuration, because we consider that in the aesthetic shock there is also a religious experience with its own theological content. A state of the art is presented with respect to the latest theological and literary research with respect to the Passion narrative and, when necessary, the research refers to the historical discoveries that have been made by the most prominent specialists in Mark. Thus, it is discovered that in this text it is impossible to separate the aesthetics from the theological message and that in the form of the work there is a deep content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our article reports on the emerging Corpus of Contemporary Czech Poetry and the possibilities for its use. We describe the genesis of the idea of creating a specific corpus that combines the principles of synchronicity and genre instead of relying on the presence of poetry in the general corpus of contemporary Czech. We also characterize the structure of our corpus, which is designed to cover both of the basic media areas in which contemporary poetry is published and distributed: either in books or through open publishing platforms on the Internet (literary forums). We additionally describe the functionalities of the tools for mining the corpus data, which are designed to easily serve comparative analyses across media (print/web). We suggest how useful quantitative data analysis can be in the first phase of language-oriented literary research; or rather we point out the necessity of combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Only the researcher's interpretative proficiency can decide on the boundaries of the field under study and the meaning of the elements present in it. In text-centred analyses, language corpora should start to play a similar role as other tools of scientific infrastructure, such as bibliographic databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the literary research results is presented, on the basis of which it is seen that the algorithm of modelling the structural composition of the metal, prediction of its mechanical properties should contain a description of reactions on the formation and development of dendritic structure. The models built on the description of reactions of γ-α-transformation do not provide the possibility for evaluation of the process of the structure formation as an integral complex – from the beginning of dendrites nucleation to the final composition of the microstructure. The results of the studies that have been performed in recent decades describing the impact of refractory compounds inoculation to melts of low-alloyed steels and, in particular, welding pool, on the development of nucleation processes, growth and decay of dendrites during metal crystallization. The abilities of the influence of inoculants on the primary structure formation are shown in order to improve the properties of welds metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents a semi-facetious forecast regarding the "Sixteenth Century Journal" on its centennial. He mentions the role of interdisciplinary research, the question of periodization of history and the focus on the Renaissance and the Reformation, and how literary scholarship has changed with the use of artificial intelligence

The author discusses the impact of technology on his research in early modern English literature. He mentions the availability of databases which contain works of literature, the use of such databases to study intertextuality and allusion, and how memory still plays a role in his research.

Thanks to the increasing speed of technological development brought by the 21st century, many of the processes in industrial production have been automated. The next big step in this progress of artificial intelligence could potentially be in corporate logistics, road haulage, and even private transport. Naturally, automation within corporations and in critical infrastructure raises ethical and trust-related issues, reflected in the attitude of emerging markets toward this form of development. This research aims to discover the current state of development of self-driving vehicles through comprehensive literary research and to present those ethical problems, the solutions to which are paramount for society to accept and to incorporate the concept of self-driving vehicles. As a result of the analysis of a knowledge-based system with the inductive inference method in primary research, the current strengths and weaknesses of automation in the field of logistics are revealed. The paper summarizes the results of the primary research and projects them for the future of automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes Montenegrin public discourse in the first years after the Second World War in the context of the political conflict between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in 1948. The research has been based on archival material, daily press, and texts in literary journals, and is focused on the change of public discourse towards the ussr, conditioned by the political and ideological conflict between Yugoslavia and the USSR. The historical and semantic-pragmatic analysis of the text, as well as the analysis of lexical cohesion and taxonomy, indicate all changes in public discourse that result from the political conflict between the two countries. The critical analysis of public discourse points to the justification of the initial research hypothesis that political processes had a dominant influence on the formation of postwar public discourse in Montenegro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note purpose is to classify the compilations of Venezuelan Amerindian ethnographic research literature. For this purpose, a documentary analysis of eight publications related to the Pemón, Warao, Wayuu, Ye'kwana, and Yukpa ethnic groups was carried out. The classification is made up of three categories: ethnoliterary compilations, infused literary compilations, and literary compilations. For the creation of the second category we made a parallelism with the term "infused dictionaries", proposed by Francisco Javier Pérez. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the methodology and the results of the project "Digitalization of the repertoire of books from the Bulgarian Revival (1801-1878)" funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund and coordinated by the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies. During Bulgaria's national Revival in the 19th century, printed books were published in Bulgarian language for the first time since the beginning of the occupation by the Ottoman Empire. As printing presses were forbidden in the Bulgarian speaking areas at that time, the books were printed in a huge geographical area: from Moscow to New York. With the implementation of the project the books of this period are compiled in one comprehensive online bibliography for the first time. The new information retrieval system applies innovative methodology of Geographic Information Systems which visualizes bibliographic information and allows its utilization by means of topographic indexes. The entries are also linked with the existing digitized full-texts of Bulgarian libraries and museums. The project's final product () will stimulate the interest of international humanitarian scientists on Bulgarian history, culture, and literature and will significantly improve the conditions for the preparation and conduct of research in the field of the Bulgarian Revival literature, literary and cultural history. At the same time, the information retrieval system will assist librarians in their daily work. With the project "Digitalization of the repertoire of books from the Bulgarian Revival (1801-1878)" a solid ground was built for future collaborations in this very special field, the digitization of rare printed books, which requires a high level of specialized knowledge and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses contributions from literary research and how they imply psychoanalysis in their field of research. Close readings of Freud and Lacan serve as an opening to an overarching question: what can literary research teach us about psychoanalysis? A question that generates a paraphrase: how is psychoanalysis already involved in the practice of reading? The historical 'knowledge dependency' of psychoanalysis on the myth, the rhetorical potential and the resonance made possible by the figures of the literary dimension, and methods of contextualization in psychoanalytic literary criticism are emphasized. Psychoanalytic knowledge construction – from a literary speech acts perspective – can be understood as attempts to represent and deal with practice or reality and, more specifically, traumatic experiences. The article reflects on how the extent of clarity to which both theory and poetry can find words for the unconscious or 'the impossible' might manifest itself in a movement of return and departure in language. The article discusses how listening and translation can be enriching concepts in the relationship between psychoanalysis and literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its constant presence in the theoretical discourse related to humoristic literature, the facetiae represents a rather new interest centre of literary research. The complexity of the facetious manifestations in the comic literature at the dawn of modernity is due on one hand to the difficulties of finding the unity of its lexical definitions and on the other hand to its genericity, meaning its capacity of appearing within more than one literary genres. Our paper proposes to synthetize the phenomenon of the facetious expression, which crosses a long period (since the end of Middle Age until the dawn of Enlightenment). Always oscillating between placere and docere, between pure entertainment and socio-pragmatic utility, the facetiae finds its essential place within the European cultural space, both in literature (especially in narratives as well as in theatre), and in the new social relations, signs of a new sociability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and scientific editing of ancient Persian texts is undoubtedly the first and foremost basis for literary research in this native land. Paying attention to outstanding works and masterpieces is of great importance. Sanāʹi Ghaznavi's Hadiqat al-Haqiqa is undoubtedly one of the most influential Persian versified poems in various literary, philosophical, and mystical aspects. This work has so far been repeatedly edited and published.. The edited and printed version of Mohammad Jafar Yāhaghi and Mehdi Zarqāni is the latest and perhaps the most complete representation of such efforts. However, the results of this endeavor are not, as in the preceding cases, free from drawbacks. In this research, with an approach based on critique and with the aim of correcting and eliminating the text shortcomings as much as possible, we assessed and critiqued the recording of some verses from Hadiqat al-Haqiqa. By using side sources and in-text and outof-text evidence, we showed that the correct forms of phrases have been erroneously marginalized from the text in many cases due to the correctors' inattention to what has been recorded in most of the older manuscripts and disregard for previous research and corrections. This has sometimes led to an incorrect description of each distich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the literature that flourished in Jordan during the reign of King Abdullah I. It shows that although Abdullah wanted his views and the values of his regime to prevail over literary writing, behind the scenes, an opposition literature grew that undermined these values. Oppositional messages were disguised using various artistic means and many works were published outside rather than inside Jordan. In the end, however, it seems that the regime still managed to impose its values, since up to the present, literary research has tended to ignore the works written during this early period, showing that writing in Trans-Jordan was not oppositional. This article fills this void by pointing to the buds of subversion as reflected in literature written at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the essay "Sensing the Sentence: An Embodied Simulation Approach to Rhetorical Grammar" published in Composition Studies (CS) periodical. It describes exploring a concept of conceptualizing composing and to teaching at the sentence level. It talks about what embodied simulation theory and its application in literary work.

This systematic study of the International Criminal Court (ICC)'s stakeholder communication on Twitter brings attention to the largely unexamined phenomenon of the ICC's active presence on social media. It answers the following research question: 'To what extent has the ICC used Twitter to facilitate dialogue and exchange with its stakeholders as opposed to one-way information provision?' Literary research and the descriptive analysis of 1,712 tweets and retweets published by @IntlCrimCourt between November 2017 and June 2019 reveal that the ICC primarily used Twitter to provide information and build support among its most powerful stakeholders. Notwithstanding its stated commitment to two-way stakeholder communication, the ICC made little to no effort to solicit feedback or generate dialogue on Twitter. These findings reveal the opportunities and limitations of Twitter as a mechanism to communicate with stakeholders and highlight the difficult position the ICC finds itself in as an international judicial institution dependent on state support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyse the audiobook from a pragmatic-communicative point of view and investigate the definitions that different authors have provided about the concept of orality, starting with Zumthor (1985) and Ong (1987) research on the literary theory related to the oral transmission of texts. Likewise, the studies of Bobes (1997) on the dramatic text for the audiobook as a "new dramatic text" leads to the analysis of the application of literary theory in the digital world, seen as a new literary product, evolution from orality to from the written text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on some of the most influential studies on Carmelo Bene, this article aims to offer interpretive tools that will enhance viewers' and listeners' appreciation of his misreadings of Hamlet and Macbeth. It also suggests that la scrittura di scena (scenic writing) and la macchina attoriale (the actorial machine), his most celebrated inventions as an actor, dramatist and musicologist, are two theatrical methods that could possibly assist the ongoing decolonial reinvention of Shakespeare's stories in the (South) African context. The article provides introductory biographical notes on Bene and an overview of his main literary and philosophical influences. It then discusses the key concepts of scenic writing and the actorial machine as applied to Bene's rewriting of Hamlet and Macbeth. Finally, it suggests some potential lines of research for decolonial scholars, playwrights, actors and poets from South Africa and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of the article is to present the approach of various economic schools to the problem of the creation of prices for works of art, and to demonstrate that their market value is determined on the basis of both objective and subjective evaluation criteria. Concept. The article is based on previous literary research on the value of works of art in economic terms, and shows how the approach to the issue of the value of a work of art has changed over the centuries. This is a complex issue, due to the fact that works of art, due to their special character, are a unique exchange commodity. The article shows how representatives of various economic schools, from classical, post-classical, Keynsian, to modern economics, solved the problem of the valuation of works of art. The adopted research method was an analysis of historical data, auction reports, statistical data and literature on the subject, both Polish and English. Results and conclusions. The main assumption of the article is a synthesis of the research to date. So far, despite many studies, no single method of valuing works of art in economic terms has emerged, and this issue is still a subject of discussion by researchers. Cognitive value. The article presents a comprehensive list of views and approaches of various economic schools towards the valuation of works of art. This article may be an area for further research and reflection on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal papers such as diaries or memoirs are established sources for historical, cultural and literary research. Special archival collections have been built up over the past decades. Depending on the focus of the content, these collections are composed very differently. With an intersectional approach, some of these differences are presented in this article: Are women and men documented differently in collections of personal papers from artists, scientists or politicians? How is the gender comparison in collections with an everyday history approach? Are women and men possibly represented here with different auto/biographical formats? And what about members of different social classes? Are there also diaries of workers or servants in the archives? The systematic comparison exposes structural inequalities in archival collections and thus shows the direct effects of documentation policies that have a lasting influence on which sources are ultimately available to research – and which are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are, and of course in the future will be, serious. These consequences are very often foundable also in labour market and education. Some of them are not only problems, but also new opportunities: improving of working conditions, modernising employment services and making them more flexible, strengthening employment and social protection systems, family-friendly working time, promoting lifelong learning opportunities, strengthening digital skills, etc. The paper focuses on different approaches and responses to changes in society caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are currently various scientific sources analyzing the threats initiated by the pandemic and their effects on various areas of human activity, including employment and education. However, every crisis can be taken also as an opportunity. This paper therefore primarily deals with the opportunities that the current crisis brings, especially in the field of employment and education. The paper is based on assessment of analyses (literary research) provided by international institutions such as the International Labour Office (ILO), and documents and other research studies prepared and published by the European Union or OECD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both in Hispanic and Chinese philology we usually understand the term idyll as a composition, of pastoral and bucolic character. However, from an aesthetic point of view, it has a more complex meaning, as explained by the Russian thinker Mikhail Bakhtin. Following the interpretation of the idyll by Bakhtin and Beltrán Almería, we will observe the destruction of the family idyll in Modernity from two works by Miguel de Unamuno and Ba Jin, Aunt Tula and Family. Both have had great resonance in Hispanic and Chinese literature, respectively. Their authors occupy places of honor in modern Spanish and Chinese literatures. Literary research on Ba Jin is not developed in Spain. Likewise, Unamuno's novels have not yet received the attention they deserve to have in China. This study aims to approach the common aesthetics (the destruction of the idyll) that founds both novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses inquiry-based learning and elements of the scientific method for literary analysis, which can be applied to research and argumentative writing to help guide the students through their thinking about a prompt question or creating a prompt question themselves. It aims to develop more critical thinking and vocabulary in class discussions and written responses. The process includes asking a question, hypothesizing, collecting data, analyzing, and reporting and report.

The article discusses the introduction of a new unit of study in the Diploma Language and Literature course based on Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein." It describes that research by the students placed the text differently. Delaying research and debate helped in more critical, independent, and confident thinking and writing. Developing the ideas before encountering others allowed students to stretch their thinking, making them feel empowered and improving their understanding.

The Devalrani and Khizrkhan Masnavi by Amir Khosrow Dihlavi, composed in 715 (Hijri lunar), not only contains awakening points about history and the community and context of India in the seventh and early eighth century (Hijri lunar), but also includes valuable information about the uses of the Persian language and its lexicon in that particular period and area. Amir Khosrow Dihlavi (651-725 Hijri lunar) is the most well-known and outstanding Persian poet in the Indian subcontinent who has left numerous and various works as heritage. One of the significant features of his poems is the use of rare and new word-formation. If we take a random look at the entries of the Dehkhoda Dictionary, below some of the entries, there are some pieces of evidence of the poems of Amir Khosrow as well as the writers and orators before him. We can even find entries with exclusive evidence from Amir Khosrow’s poems. Additionally, some traces of his morphological innovations have been found in the works of poets and writers after him. Like Hafiz and Mohtasham Kashani, who have used ‘aeeneh ru’ and ‘vahdat abad’ in their sonnets, respectively, Bidel Dehlavi has also used ‘niaz andish’. Jami has used the word ‘belasanj’ and Orfi Sharazi and Qudsi Mashhadi have used ‘ragham sanji’ and ‘faramush gashtegan’ in their sonnets. These all have already been used by Amir Khosrow in Devalrani and Khizrkhan (the first three words), qeran sa’deyn (the fourth mentioned word), ayine-ye eskandari (the fifth word) and in a sonnet from qurat-ul-kamal (the sixth). Nevertheless, so far there have been few lexical analyses of the works of Amir Khosrow Dihlavi though, in some literary research, the works of Amir Khosrow have been occasionally examined to some extent. Among these studies is the one entitled ‘An examination of some influential Indian words in the Persian poetry’ by Rezayi Baghbidi. In this study, Baghbidi made an etymological analysis of some words found in Persian texts and provided examples for each word from the well-known Persian poets. Among these examples are some verses from Amir Khosrow. In contrast to the study by him, Salim Neysari made a comprehensive analysis of the lexical innovations in Amir Khosrow’s poems in an article entitled ‘Innovations of Amir Khosrow Dihlavi in combining Persian words’. He set ‘Noh Sepehr’ (nine heavens) Masnavi as the basis of his work and the result of his work was a list of the compounds and words used in this Masnavi for which there is either no entry in Dehkhoda Dictionary (28 cases) or there is an entry but no examples (nine cases) or there are both an entry and examples from the works of Amir Khosrow (two cases). The present study is an attempt to select and introduce rare and new words from Devalrani and Khizrkhan and its innovative word combinations and to examine Amir Khosrow’s word-combination way to show that this well-known Persian poet in the Indian subcontinent has been successful in creating new compounds. In addition, considering the fact that some of the existing word combinations in this poem have no entries and examples in the most important Persian dictionary, i.e. Dehkhoda Dictionary, the present study also seeks to introduce these new words and word combinations to be used in this dictionary and in the future lexical analysis studies. It should be noted that Devalrani and Khizrkhan is one of the romantic-historical masnavis of Amir Khosrow. The subject of this masnavi is about the love that KhizrKhan, the son of Sultan Ala’eddin Muhammad Khalaji, had for Diveldi, daughter of Raay Karan (ruler of Gujarat). Amir Khosrow composed this romantic poem in 4519 verses in the prosodic weight of Musadas-e Mahzoof/Maqsoor in 715 (Hijri lunar). In this study, first the whole poem was studied and 240 words and compounds that qualified as new and novel were selected. Then, reviewing different poetry and prose books by poets and authors who lived before the age of Amir Khosrow, 125 words and word combinations, which had been already used in these texts were put aside. For this purpose, in addition to searching the digital version of the Dehkhoda Dictionary and digital library of Noor and Noormags database, and the Ganjoor website, various textbooks in print were also searched including Tafsir-e Nasafi, Koush-nameh, Monsha’at-e Khaqani, Ali-nameh, Loqat-e Fors, Sha’eran-e Bi-divan, Mersad ol-Ebad, Nafthat ol-Masdoor, Faramarz-nameh, Tarikh ol-Vozara, Sandbadnameh, Divan-e Najib od-Din Jorbazeqani, etc… . The results of analysis revealed a final number of 115 words and compounds not used in the works before Devalrani. These words were classified into different groups as follows: Group A: words or compounds for which there is no entry in Dehkhoda dictionary or there is an entry but the meaning intended by Amir Khosrow cannot be found in Dehkhoda dictionary (85 cases); Group B: words and compounds with entries in the Dehkhoda Dictionary but no examples (19 cases); Group C: words and compounds with entries in the dictionary and examples from Devalrani and Khizrkhan (four cases); Group D: words and compounds for which there are examples from the poets after Amir Khosrow (five cases); and finally Group E: words the meanings of which have been provided in the Dehkhoda Dictionary but with examples from the verses of other works of Amir Khosrow (two cases). The results show that Devalrani and Khizrkhan contains a number of unique and novel words and word combinations that not only reveal the poet’s skill and talent in producing new words but also reflect the lexical environment of the Persian language in India at the end of the seventh and early eighth century (Hijri lunar). Furthermore, a part of the lexical benefits of these sets of words includes the unique names and proper nouns used in this text. Out of these names, 11 names are Indian proper names used to refer to ethnicities and groups, social titles, carriers and riding animals, musical instruments, flowers and plants, one of the gods of the ancient India, and also materials and clothes. Besides these Indian proper names, there are a number of Persian names and proper names related to the living environment in India in this poem. These names also refer to ethnic groups, a type of riding animal, one of the coins being used at that time, a type of material, two types of flower and plant, and one of the partners. Additionally, an alternative word is used for riddle and spy news. In addition to these words, this romantic-historical masnavi has preserved some unique word combinations within it; words combinations that the poet has created using 31 non-repetitive (unique) methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a research concerning user tagging of literary texts. The research was conducted with the aim to determine the peculiarities of the folksonomic approach to literature tagging and thematic informativity of user tags assigned to literary works of art, and to compare them with the subject heading terms from library catalogs and present the considerable potential of folksonomy in improving the traditional approach to constructing and assigning subject headings for works of fiction. Approach/methodology/design. The first section of the paper presents the basic theoretical elements of content analysis from the viewport of librarian classification, subject analysis and user tagging. The second section depicts the research results of the user tags, conducted in two phases - first, the user tag analysis on a linguistic, functional and semantic levels and then the comparison of the tags to subject headings collected from the online library catalogues. Results. The research has revealed that user tags possess a greater thematic informativity than subject headings assigned by experts and as such may serve as a good foundation for the improvement of traditional systems for content analysis of literary works. Research limitations. The research part of the paper was conducted on the author's selection of literary works and the collection of corpora of tags from the online catalogues of the National and University Library in Zagreb, the Zagreb City Library, the Library of Congress in Washington DC and the "LibraryThing" network system. Practical implications. The research can serve as an initial step for further studies of content analysis of literary works in library systems, and as a first step towards their improvement in order to provide the best possible search results for literary and artistic texts. Social implications. The results of the research imply the possibility of involving a nonlibrarian reading community and their direct contribution to the development of library systems. Originality. The paper presents a research that, for the first time in one place, shows a comparison of user tags for the prose, dramatic and poetic literary works of art with the subject headings from library catalogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economies have always been sensitive to certain types of shocks in the past. This article deals with the growing importance of resilience and the development of this concept connected with regional development and emphasises its significance for the 4.0 generation and smart specialisation. In addition to the 4th Industrial Revolution, it is necessary to mention the current topic, which is directly related to the concept of resilience and is, to some extent, behind its revival, i.e., COVID-19. Due to the COVID-19 crisis, the resilience topic is gaining prominence, and its importance is growing. The COVID-19 crisis shows how it has reduced the resilience of key systems to shocks and allowed failures to cascade from one system to others. A systemic approach based on resilience must be proposed to prepare socioeconomic systems for future shocks. The European Union is no exception and it must, therefore, accept strategies oriented on resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective:The literature of Ilmul Amraz occupies a pedestal position in Unani medicine.The literature, however, is scattered among many manuscripts and requires being collected and compiled for better understanding and comprehension of disease concepts of Unani medicine. The material has been collected from the original resourcesof early Abbasid caliph (from7th-9thC.E) till the period of Al-Razi and briefly introduced in this article. Material and Methodology: The proposed literary research is conducted through ‘input-processing-output’ approach. The literature has been collected from different classical texts, reference books and various digitalized mode. Conclusion: The present review article underlines the contributions of Arab physicians, their original works, innovations, and practical experiences. The impact of theoretical contribution of Al Razi manifests in ancient Greco-Roman theory of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past twenty years, early modern scholars have called for more scholarly attention to people and places outside of Europe. An impressive increase in literary research on non-European texts has resulted, and I describe positive aspects of this trend, using the MLA International Bibliography database. However, research on African-language literatures has declined since 2003 or has continued to flatline at nothing. A radical antiracist solution is needed, for no field can succeed with Africa as a lacuna. I call on all early modern scholars, regardless of their language knowledge, to cite at least one early modern Africanlanguage text in their next publication. I describe five such in this article, a tiny sample of the thousands of written texts that Black Africans across the continent composed in African languages before 1830. Asking early modern scholars to embrace the uncomfortable practice of "token citation" will enable these texts to circulate in the realm of knowledge and further efforts to diversify and broaden the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The libretto of the «miracle play» Maria Egis#aca, conceived by the Roman poet Claudio Guastalla for Ottorino Respighi in 1931, is an original reconstruction of the account of the saint of Alessandria of Egypt, contained in Le rite dei Santi Padri by Fra' Domenico Cavalca. A small masterpiece of 'falso antico', inspired by the literary research of Gabriele D'Annunzio, Maria Egitjaca presents narrative passages not contained in the original text, sourced by Cavalca, dating back to parallel hagiographic traditions and traceable in previous baroque plays. The texts of the arias are built with interpolations of Rinaldo d'Aquino and sacred Latin hymns. The mise-en-scfne, inspired by Guastalla himself and realised by Nicola Alexandrovich Benois, recovers the tradition of the medieval mystery but it also reconnects to more recent experiments by Ldon Bakst for I_£ mar~,re de Saint Sibastianbr Claude Debussy. The essay analyses in detail the musical construction of the drama, highlighting the research of the balance between traditional and Avant-Garde sounds: the stylistic synthesis that characterises the last phase of Respighi's lyrical and theatrical creativity finds, in Man*a Egis#aca, a perfect balance between inspiration and form, in memory of musical worlds that are distant and heterogeneous from each other. Baroque ideas, 20th-century sounds, and modal references, converse with each other with absolute ease, coalescing into Respighi's original and personal expressive style. Such aesthetic conception can be observed in the archaic character of the verse and the deliberately static nature of the stage equipment, contributing, with them, to a dramatic construction focused on internal and spiritual dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the literary readings done by students at the English Language Teacher Education (ELTE) program at Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) outside the ones required by their language or literature courses syllabi. Having as a starting point the popular idea that "nobody reads anymore", we explore the reading habits, preferred genres, and reasons for reading of the students in the 4th year of the program. The data were collected through surveys, reading lists, and individual interviews, and they were analyzed through the qualitative methodologies of conceptual coding and discourse and document analysis. The results are intended to improve the articulation between the students' literary readings and those suggested in the Language and Literature courses in the program. Further criteria for the selection of literary texts are also suggested, as they were also proposed by the participants in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Holy Quran, word repetition, repetition of the whole or a part of the verse without any difference, and the repetition of the whole or a part of the verse are mentioned. These similarities are named as literal mutaşâbih. Although the Quran is the peak of the Arabic language in literary terms, it is the unique peak text of the Arabic language A number of unfounded claims have been made by some circles that look at the issue with ulterior motives that there are unnecessary repetitions in the Quran due to the verses with formal similarities. Many works have been written to explain the similarities in the classical and modern periods, It has been explained and proved that the similarities are not unnecessary repetitions and that they are intended for a purpose. With this research, the meanings of ta kavramrîf-taqîr concepts in terms of rhetoric will be discussed, In order to benefit from the explanations of the works written in the classical and modern periods, the semantic dimension of the partial differences included in the verses with similar words at the level of ta‘rîf-criticism Its value in literary terms will be revealed in the light of sample verses will be reveale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word »crisis« often appears in the writings of the Croatian musicologist Eva Sedak (1938--2017). In this study, based on the research of her literary heritage, it is shown that Eva Sedak's thought about the crisis unfolds in the tension between two mutually exclusive meanings of the term, since the first meaning implies that everything is subjected to crisis, and the second that the crisis manifests itself precisely in relation to something that is considered to be beyond the crisis. The author shows that the field of tensions between two meanings appears in three characteristic contexts, which to some extent overlap. In the writings until the mid-1970s, Eva Sedak appeared as a kind of witness to the »crisis« into which fell, in her opinion, contemporary composition on the one hand and music criticism, on the other. In the second context, which began in the late 1970s, »crisis« was the term to describe the state of musical life in Croatia in past and present times, which, precisely because of its position in the »border area«, posed a challenge to musicological considerations. Finally, in the third context, outlined gradually but particularly strikingly in the late 1990s, the »crisis« emerged as an integral part of a historiographical conception capable of adequately responding to the »crisis« state of music in the »border area«. In this context, the notion of »crisis« gradually gives way to the notion of »deconstruction«. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]