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This article examines the Japanese historical concept of nature in early childhood education and care (ECEC). Through modernisation, Japan was infused with Anglo-European philosophy. However, Japan's pre-modern concept of nature differed from that of the West or modern Japan and latently affected the Japanese modern educational system. The concept of nature comprised two modes: mizukara, meaning "voluntarily" or indicating the mode of the voluntary self or "I," and onozukara, referring to what is "spontaneously or naturally so" or indicating modes of transcendence beyond the self that permeate Japanese pre-modern reading education and apprenticeship as well as contemporary Japanese society. This study investigates Japanese modern texts by representative educator Sozo Kurahashi and philosopher Kitaro Nishida on education and philosophy to describe the latent and underlying connection between the concept of nature and Japanese ECEC as well as to depict the configuration of educational discourse focused on nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we examine the book El estudio de la naturaleza en la escuela by the Danish pedagogue Vilhelm Rasmussen (1869–1939), published by Editorial Labor in Barcelona in 1933, and its influence on the pedagogical standpoint of Margarita Comas Camps (1892–1972). Comas, who translated the book into Spanish, was a member of the group of educators of trainee teachers that spearheaded the project for the renewal of science teaching during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939). In line with the pedagogical principles and ideas of the New School and Nature Study movements, Rasmussen – science writer, social democratic politician, atheist and Darwinist – proposed replacement of the textbook and the memorisation of concepts in natural science classes, by observation, dialogue and drawing, as well as studies of the relationships between living things in their natural environment through outdoor excursions and the use of aquaria and terraria in the classroom. We analyse Comas's Spanish translation of Nature study in the school published in England in 1929 from the Danish original of 1909, as well as Rasmussen's pedagogical proposals that Comas included in Contribución a la metodología de las ciencias naturales (1937), the last of her books to be published prior to her exile in England. In Rasmussen, an author from a country geographically and culturally distant from Spain, Comas found an outstanding reference for the teaching of natural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact with nature has emotional benefits, but the psychological mechanism and potential moderator underlying the association between nature contact and emotion regulation remain unclear. The present study investigated how self-reported frequency of nature contact is associated with the use of emotion regulation strategies and explored the mediating role of nature connectedness (i.e., psychological connection to nature) and the moderating role of engagement with natural beauty. Employing mediation and moderated mediation analyses, in a cross-sectional sample of 2097 young adults aged 18–35 years old (M = 24.01, SD = 4.80) residing in urban China, we obtained three major findings. First, nature connectedness mediated the associations between direct/indirect nature contact and cognitive reappraisal as well as expressive suppression. Second, engagement with natural beauty moderated the path from direct/indirect nature contact to cognitive reappraisal in the mediation models. Third, engagement with natural beauty moderated the path from indirect nature contact to nature connectedness in the mediation models. Our study is the first to reveal mediating and moderating factors in the relationships among direct/indirect contact with nature, nature connectedness, engagement with natural beauty, and emotion regulation strategies. These findings provide support for the emotional health of nature contact and have implications for nature-based education and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translations, whether in the form of text, illustration, or interpretive analysis, served knowledge-making in multiple ways. It offered a refuge, severed contexts, and concealed the various workers that created it. Over the course of the seventeenth century, European naturalists in Istanbul, such as Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658–1730), procured illustrations of Ottoman nature as fundamental resources to identify, collect, and compare indigenous plants and newly bred varieties. Despite maintaining an actual mediation for cross-cultural interactions, these sources of virtual communication remain largely forgotten in modern scholarship. This article argues that this curious yet invisible corpus was not a nonagentive medium in an alienated leisure of a gentleman-scholar; instead, these illustrations were designed to call upon the viewer's constant attention in self-motivated scientific labor. Such handy tools responded and contributed to early modern scholars' modes of working, and in exchange they determined these sources' own function, position, and visibility – either as a by-product or as a derivative. It is therefore only when integrated into the labor history of science that the degrees of invisibility pertaining to both Ottoman nature studies and self-directed labor can come into a granular view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this exploratory study, we examined the ways gender is communicated, experienced, and constructed in nature-based education (NBE), which involved 30 h of fieldwork at one private outdoor preschool and two public elementary school garden clubs. In our analysis of the data, we found four sites where gender socialization happens in NBE: materials, spaces, conversations, and educators. While gender may be communicated, experienced, and constructed differently outside because there tends to be fewer gender-coded human-made objects, we argue that environmental educators must be intentional and explicit about curating and maintaining a gender decoded learning space. To decode gender, environmental educators must realize that gender is being constructed by and for children as well as the ways in which it is communicated and experienced. Moreover, they must be able to foster healthy understandings of gender beyond the binary. Ultimately, environmental educators must sustain a culture of gender inclusivity and affirmation long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural traits are seldom atomic, are distributed over multiple social domains, and undergo differential selection. This makes it important to study the nature and evolution of these traits from a global viewpoint. This paper considers group level cultural traits—what sort of traits are there, how do they evolve, and what is the relationship between cultural traits and their representation in individual worldviews. While not providing a concise theory, important aspects of cultural traits are elaborated and directions of further research indicated. Group level traits arising from individual biological traits are distinguished from those that are intrinsic to a group. The latter are formative of individual worldviews and are emotionally salient for group members. Children are saturated with culture from birth, it provides the scaffolding for their developing worldviews. Affective links between cultural ideas, social behavior, and material elements of culture develop so that the affordances in perceived situations carry biases influencing behavior toward culturally acceptable responses. Intrinsic traits are not, however, acted on directly by group level selection; rather, this selection acts on the behavior of group members and only indirectly on intrinsic cultural ideas through social exchange processes between group members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Priming of attentional selection involves speeded selection of task-relevant visual search items when search stimuli remain constant between trials. Various paradigms involving different features have been used to study the nature of this priming. The tasks differ greatly in difficulty and the neural mechanisms involved, raising the question of how easily priming on one feature dimension can be used to draw conclusions about priming on another. Here, this was addressed by contrasting time courses and relative sizes of priming effects for the repetition of a lower-level and higher-level feature (color vs. facial expression). Priming was tested in two odd-one-out search tasks, one involving discrimination (experiments 1A and 1B), the other a present/absent judgment (experiments 2A and 2B). The main question was how similar the size and temporal profiles of priming are for the two features. The sizes of the priming effects were very different for color and expression and color priming effects lasted for much longer than expression priming (measured with memory kernel analyses), suggesting that the mechanisms behind the effects differ in their operational principles. Different forms of priming should only be compared with great caution and priming seems to occur at many levels of processing. Priming should be thought of as a general principle of perceptual processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the discussion in which Aristotle engages in Metaphysics ΖΗ has the same starting-point as natural science: the principles of changing substances. These inquiries are nonetheless distinct because natural science uses these principles in its detailed investigations into natural substances, whereas ΖΗ reflect on the principles themselves. ΖΗ are an integral part of Aristotle's inquiry into the principles of all substances, changing and unchanging: they are not merely preliminary to an inquiry into the latter kind. They are also an integral part of Aristotle's 'first philosophy', alongside theology's study of the nature and activity of unchanging substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical stretching is experienced ubiquitously by human tissues and their constituent cells and impacts biochemical and (mechano)biological processes relevant to health and disease. Numerous cell-stretching devices (CSDs) have been developed and used to apply mechanical strain to cells and tissues in in vitro settings, however, few have shown compatibility with live-cell microscopy. In most microscopy-compatible CSDs, imaging is performed post-mechanical stretching while live-cell imaging during cyclic stretching is very rarely shown, especially at high stretching frequencies and for long experiments (i.e., hours long). Live-cell imaging during cell stretching has revealed distinct time-dependent biomechanical features of cells, such as cell fluidization at high amplitudes or frequencies, or cracking followed by recovery of cell monolayers. Basic human functions such as breathing and digestion require mechanical stretching of cells and tissues. However, when it comes to laboratory experiments, the mechanical stretching that cells experience in the body is not often replicated, limiting the biomimetic nature of the studies and the relevance of results. Herein, we establish the importance of mechanical stretching during in vitro investigations by reviewing seminal works performed using cell-stretching platforms, highlighting important outcomes of these works as well as the engineering characteristics of the platforms used. Emphasis is placed on the compatibility of cell-stretching devices (CSDs) with live-cell imaging as well as their limitations and on the research advancements that could arise from live-cell imaging performed during cell stretching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closely related, ecologically similar species often segregate their distributions along environmental gradients of time, space, and resources, but previous research suggests diverse underlying causes. Here, we review reciprocal removal studies in nature that experimentally test the role of interactions among species in determining their turnover along environmental gradients. We find consistent evidence for asymmetric exclusion coupled with differences in environmental tolerance causing the segregation of species pairs, where a dominant species excludes a subordinate from benign regions of the gradient but is unable to tolerate challenging regions to which the subordinate species is adapted. Subordinate species were consistently smaller and performed better in regions of the gradient typically occupied by the dominant species compared with their native distribution. These results extend previous ideas contrasting competitive ability with adaptation to abiotic stress to include a broader diversity of species interactions (intraguild predation, reproductive interference) and environmental gradients, including gradients of biotic challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that adaptation to environmental challenge compromises performance in antagonistic interactions with ecologically similar species. The consistency of this pattern across diverse organisms, environments, and biomes suggests generalizable processes structuring the segregation of ecologically similar species along disparate environmental gradients, a phenomenon that we propose should be named the competitive exclusion–tolerance rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people assume ceaseless conflict between natural science and Christianity, but the real conflict has been between scientism and Christianity. Scientism is the view that only the sciences (especially not theology) generate knowledge or rational belief. I show how Christianity generated rational beliefs that contributed to the rise of science. This science-fostering rational belief included rationales for when to practice methodological naturalism, and when to study nature without that restriction. Both practices cultivated science, though in different ways. This historical difference is of enduring value for recent debates about metaphysical naturalism (atheism), creationism, theistic evolution, and intelligent design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to reveal the term Accusatives (Al-Mansoubat) in the book "Al-Jumal" in terms of the three terminological pillars, which are: The concept, definition, and terminology according to the methodology of modern terminological studies. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach, which is appropriate to the nature of these studies. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: definition is considered the first step to knowing the truth of something. and the percentage through which al-Zajjaji set limits for terminological terms is small. Therefore, the terminology is considered a second step to know the terminological concept. Al-Zajjaji clearly shows in his book the extent of his interest in terminological concepts. This step is considered as the prépose of defining the term and knowing its idiomatic expression. The study came out with several suggestions for future studies, including study of grammatical terminology of the scholars who lived through al-Zajjaji era, a detailed study on grammatical terminology of the commentators of the book "Al-Jumal", a comparison study of those terminologies with the terminologies of al-Zajjaji, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the nature of the relationship between the services and the industry, i.e., substitution or complementarity, given the increasing share of services (tertiarization process) in the world economy. The economies in the world evolved towards a services-dominated structure over a half-century. This evolution resulted in a decreasing industry share despite continuously increased industrial production. We used a dataset covering the 1970-2018 period for 173 countries to investigate this question by employing the panel vector of auto-regression analysis (Panel VAR). We also approached the problem by estimating a dynamic panel data model by the two-step system GMM for robustness. The study also calculates the linkages between the industry and the services. The empirical results show that services do not substitute industry. There is a complementary role of the services for the industry, but the complementary role of the industry for services is ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Playing in natural environments is a popular activity for young children. In previous years, studies have shown benefits of playing in natural environment for children's motor development and attention restoration. In this study, we explored the relation between playing in natural environments and children's language use. A total of N = 18 children (4–7 years) from three Dutch primary schools participated. To measure children's language use during outdoor play, we recorded their utterances for ten minutes while playing in a non-nature-based playground and a nature-based playground. Audio tapes were transcribed and coded using a coding scheme focusing on communicative functions. Findings indicated that children used more language and more complex language while playing in the nature-based playground. Additionally, four themes were identified: (1) Children used language to refer to their play situation, (2) Children used language to refer to the elements of their physical play environment. (3) Compared to the non-nature-based playground, children talked more about the objects of the nature-based playground, and (4) Children talked more about science and math concepts. Play in the nature-based playground appeared to be a richer conversational setting for language use than the non-nature-based playground, with a potential to scaffold and guide language use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform full-wave electromagnetic simulations to investigate the formation of higher-order localized surface plasmons (LSP) in a multilayered Au-Si-Au nanodisk architecture and their evolution with the doping level and thickness of the semiconducting layer. We show that higher-order LSP modes can be efficiently excited and controlled not only by changing the thickness of the intermediate Si layer but also by optically tuning its doping level. We provide a detailed study of the nature and origin of the hybrid modes resulting from the hybridization of nanodisk primitive LSP modes. This approach substantially improves the functionality of the nanodisk stack structure and opens up a new practical pathway for the active control of the optical response of plasmonic-based and semiconducting-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembled nanoparticles are an area of great research prospect as they offer switchable element for designing and creating micro-scale constructs. Self-assembly of nano-hybrids through some noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic, π-π and van der Waal interactions in different classes of composite materials provide a great prospect of utilization of these functional properties in tailor-made device applications. In this work gold nanoparticle functionalized with coumarin based fused-ring heterocyclic thiol exhibiting self-assembly is reported. The present work has been designed giving prior to pi-stacking mediated self-aggregation of nanoparticles resulting formation of larger superstructures. The work reports the coumarin-based heterocyclic fused ring having a thiol anchoring group grafted to the gold nanoparticle surface for easier electron flow between the metal nanoparticle and the aromatic ligand and study their self-assembly nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival and other historical evidence, including digitized issues of The Radio Times and files from the British Broadcasting Corporation's Written Archives Centre, reveal the pivotal importance that natural history played in the BBC's programming during the 1920s and 1930s. Beyond merely replicating the forms and styles that could be found across other forms of mass media, natural history broadcasts demonstrated to the British public what radio technology was capable of. At the same time, radio was not isolated from the media landscape of the period, and natural history broadcasts made full use of visual accompaniments such as magazines and pamphlets. Examining a variety of different broadcasts, this paper focuses on how expertise was fashioned behind the microphone, on "stunts" such as broadcasting the live sounds of animals, on audience participation, and on broadcasts aimed at young audiences. Broadcast lessons for schools, which are generally overlooked by historians, offer a rich opportunity for examining how natural history radio developed over the years. Children's hour characters like the "Zoo Man" modelled an intimate, direct way of engaging with young audiences. Moreover, experiments in field ecology involving listeners in the collection of data showed that radio could act as a two-way medium. These broadcasts helped to shape the modern phenomenon of the nature documentary that would take off after 1945. While the origins of this phenomenon are usually traced either to the establishment of the BBC's Natural History Unit in 1957, or in some cases to early nature films, there is a strong case for considering the BBC's interwar broadcasts (1922–1939) as part of this trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning takes place in various spaces through human and nonhuman interactions. Considering the urgent need for rethinking how humans relate to nature, in this article we present a MA level course in the context of art, craft and design to discuss how learning with the natural environment approach can impact learning experiences. We introduce walking with nature as a creative method that fosters students' ability to let the environment actively shape their creative events. The encounter with nature‐based materials in their different forms and following the material's flow provides students with a foundation for their creative processes. This study proposes that walking can facilitate the entanglement between the student's knowledge and encountered materials, generating an emotional and dialogical relationship with the natural environment that contributes to a holistic learning experience. We propose that such an experience can help in comprehending the importance of the caring actions we need to take and maintain towards the nonhuman world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2022 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the approval of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, an event that marked the beginning of recent consideration of cultural heritage. During this period, industrial heritage has become a relevant issue in Spanish scientific studies, but conditioned by its diffuse conceptualization, within the framework of a controversial discipline -Industrial Archeology- and with a study object of complex methodological delimitation, chronological and thematic. In this context, scientific research on the legacy of contemporary industrialization in Spain has grown exponentially in recent decades and yields interesting conclusions about the nature of the different studies, their territorial and thematic distribution or the various branches of knowledge that have participated in them. This process. This work carries out a bibliometric study on the more than 1,600 works published on this issue in these fifty years and allows obtaining results about how, when and from what perspectives the study of Spanish industrial heritage has been approached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasticity-led evolution is central to evolutionary theory. Although challenging to study in nature, this process may be particularly apparent in novel environments such as cities. We document abundant evidence of plastic behavioral changes in urban animals, including learning, contextual, developmental, and transgenerational plasticities. Using behavioral drive as a conceptual framework, our analysis of notable case studies suggests that plastic behaviors, such as altered habitat use, migration, diurnal and seasonal activity, and courtship, can have faciliatory and cascading effects on urban evolution via spatial, temporal, and mate-choice mechanisms. Our findings highlight (i) the need to incorporate behavioral plasticity more formally into urban evolutionary research and (ii) the opportunity provided by urban environments to study behavioral mechanisms of plasticity-led processes. Urbanization elicits diverse plastic behavioral responses in animals, which may lead to rapid evolutionary changes. Behavioral shifts in city-living animals can drive evolutionary divergence in populations at different scales through several spatial, temporal, and mate-choice mechanisms. Behavioral drivers of divergence are present in adaptive, neutral, and maladaptive contexts. Divergence may occur at urban-nonurban, within-city, and across-city scales. Cities provide biologists with a unique opportunity to enhance understanding of how plastic behaviors can precede and guide evolutionary change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the human microbiome as a subject of study for forensic purposes raises a number of issues, ranging from a challenge to our traditional concept of identity to respect for privacy and the type of consent to be obtained when a microbiome sample is taken. The particular nature of this study requires the joint work of a multidisciplinary team made up of specialists in ethics, forensic science, law, microbiology, philosophy and political science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I conduct a nationwide investigation of the relationship that toxic industrial pollution and the facilities that produce it have with trust and civic engagement within communities. Data on pollution exposure come from the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators Geographic Microdata (RSEI-GM) and Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data sets for the years 1995 to 1999. Data on trust and civic engagement come from the 2000 restricted-access Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS). Statistical analyses provide strong support for Freudenburg and Jones' conceptualization of corrosive communities and indicate that exposures to more toxic air pollution associate negatively with various measures of trust, and that increased numbers of TRI facilities associate negatively with various measures of civic engagement. The implication is that exposure to toxic industrial air pollution and the facilities that produce it not only adversely affect the physical health of nearby communities, but also their social well-being and underlying capacities for collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing future teachers to contribute to the scientific literacy of society requires working their capacities to teach the nature of science (NOS) and critical thinking (CT) from the earliest stages of training. is work presents the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for the teaching of these elements developed in a sample of pre-service primary teachers, aer participating in an intervention. Data were collected through the Content Representation, and a rubric was designed to characterise some aspects of the PCK. Results show that the intervention contributed to acquire the knowledge required for integrating NOS and CT in the classroom, especially for the latter one, recognise the importance to plan the NOS and CT in science and feel confident when planning teaching in this respect. e key results are discussed identifying challenges and drawing some recommendations for teacher professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present in this work results of research developed with the aim of analyzing the formative potential of black women's literature in Conceição Evaristo for the educational context are presented. For this, the following research problem was delimited: What is the formative potential of women's literature and black woman from Conceição Evaristo for the education of ethnic-racial relations in the context of Law 10.639/03? The research was configured as a qualitative study of bibliographic nature and with an analysis of the titles Olhos D'água (2014) and Insubmissas Lágrimas de Mulheres (2011), whose focus was to focus on the literature of black women from Conceição Evaristo, to understand its potential when considered from the Guidelines for Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations (BRASIL, 2004). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Australian Bird Book by J. A. Leach, published in 1911, was the first field guide to Australia's avifauna. Unlike today's field guides, it was not tightly focussed on identification, instead devoting more than half its words to an expansive dissertation on the natural history of birds. This article scrutinises and contextualises Leach's Bird Book to illuminate some of the interconnections between science, birdwatching, recreation and conservation in early twentieth-century Australia. It shows how Leach's heavy weighting on natural history was integral to his promotion of birdwatching as an edifying recreation that would lead people not merely to be able to name the birds they saw but also, more importantly, to understand, cherish and protect them. In 1911, J. A. Leach published the first field guide to Australia's avifauna in response to demand for a means to identify birds in the wild without shooting them first. Partly a digest of popular science, partly a conservationist polemic, and partly a nationalist homily, the book heralded a change in the relationship between people and birds. Thanks to the Australian Bird Book (and subsequent guides), birdwatching became a popular Australian pastime. With Leach in hand, birdwatchers not only learned how to identify birds, but also how to care deeply about their long-term survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ulan Buh Desert is in an arid and semiarid area in China, which features an exceedingly vulnerable ecological environment and has severe desertification. Based on Marx's explanations for the human-nature relationship, this research applies the remote sensing data and meteorological and socioeconomic data from 2006 to 2018 to conduct a quantitative analysis of the desertification driving factors in the Ulan Buh Desert by adopting the method called multivariate random forest regressor. The findings of the research suggested that the average model employing a random forest algorithm is found to be 84.20%. The desertification in the Ulan Buh Desert showed a declining trend from 2006 to 2018, and the reversed desertification areas mainly are expanded into the hinterlands of the Ulan Buh Desert and along the Yellow River. While the main driving factor of desertification was found to be related to human activities, which were undertaken based on natural factors, the regional desertification was mainly attributed to human economic activities, population density, and altitude. Thus, lessening the excessive impact of human activities on the desert ecosystem would be crucial to protecting the local desert resources and increasing the ecological capacity of the desert ecological capacity. As a consequence, to reduce pressure on land, expand environment capacity, protect vegetation cover in the region, and lower the probability of triggering desertification, the interaction between human beings and nature should be carefully managed and observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who belong to the natural world consider themselves as part natural word and feel to connect with environment. Wilson, who coined the term biophilia almost 20 years ago, provided a philosophical framework for the concept of being connected to nature. Biophilia is described as an individual's innate emotional connection to other living plants and animals. Individual well-being is also nourished by exposure to plants and flowers. Nature Connectedness hypothesis explained that linked between people and natural world has a tangible effect on their physical and mental well-being and behavior. Many researcher done their work on related constructs include ecological identity (Naess, 1973); explained ecological identity, while the concept if nature relatedness (Nisbet, 2009); and inclusion with nature (Schultz, 2002); described by (Nisbet, 2009); and (Schultz, 2002) respectively, all of which also take into account the extent to which someone experiences himself or herself as a part of natural community of life. People who have more connected and linked with nature consider themselves as a part of the wider natural world and society. In the current research, we explained difference between nature connectedness and psychological well-being between male and female by applied Connectedness to nature scale (Mayer & Frantz, 2004) and psychological well-being Scale by (Ryff, 1989) on adults (N=70). The result showed the significant difference between the male and female in connectedness to nature and psychological well-being that connection to nature lead the difference in psychology well-being among adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the European Union's request for data on wolf conservation status, emphasizing the importance of adhering to FAIR guidelines, making data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.

Although there is compelling evidence that tree diversity has an overall positive effect on forest productivity, there are important divergences among studies on the nature and strength of these diversity effects and their timing during forest stand development. To clarify conflicting results related to stand developmental stage, we explored how diversity effects on productivity change through time in a diversity experiment spanning 11 years. We show that the strength of diversity effects on productivity progressively increases through time, becoming significantly positive after 9 years. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strengthening of diversity effects is driven primarily by gradual increases in complementarity. We also show that mixing species with contrasting resource‐acquisition strategies, and the dominance of deciduous, fast‐developing species, promote positive diversity effects on productivity. Our results suggest that the canopy closure and subsequent stem exclusion phase are key for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates for the first time that prisons with a higher proportion of natural vegetation within their perimeter have lower levels of staff sickness absence. It makes three significant contributions. First, it extends studies of workplace nature contact into the un-researched carceral context. Second, whereas previous workplace nature contact studies have largely utilized single-site surveys, it presents national-level, statistically robust analysis. Third, it brings a novel new perspective to studies of sickness absence within correctional workforces, by considering the effect of the physical environment. Econometric estimations presented in the paper confirm lower levels of staff sick-leave in prisons with more greenspace. This relationship persists when we control for prison size, security level, age, level of crowding, levels of self-harm and violence among prisoners, and assaults against staff. The findings are significant in demonstrating the benefits of nature contact in workplaces in general, and carceral environments in particular. Importantly, this has the potential to influence future prison design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physics-based cloud identification scheme, originally developed for a machine-learning forecast system, was applied to verify cloud location and coverage bias errors from two years of 6-h forecasts. The routine identifies stable and unstable environments by assessing the potential for buoyant versus stable cloud formation. The efficacy of the scheme is documented by investigating its ability to identify cloud patterns and systematic forecast errors. Results showed that stable cloud forecasts contained widespread, persistent negative cloud cover biases most likely associated with turbulent, radiative, and microphysical feedback processes. In contrast, unstable clouds were better predicted despite being poorly resolved. This suggests that scale aliasing, while energetically problematic, results in less-severe short-term cloud cover errors. This study also evaluated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) cloud-base retrievals for their effectiveness at identifying regions of lower-tropospheric cloud cover. Retrieved cloud-base heights were sometimes too high with respect to their actual values in regions of deep-layered clouds, resulting in underestimates of the extent of low cloud cover in these areas. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the most accurate cloud-base estimates existed in regions with cloud tops at or below 8 km. Significance Statement: Cloud forecasts are difficult to verify because the height, depth, and type of the clouds are just as important as the spatial location. Satellite imagery and retrievals are good for verifying location, but these measurements are sometimes uncertain because of obscuration from above. Despite these uncertainties, we can learn a lot about specific forecast errors by tracking general areas of clouds based on their physical forcing mechanisms. We chose to sort by atmospheric stability because buoyant and stable processes are physically very distinct. Studies of this nature exist, but they typically assess mean cloud frequencies without considering spatial and temporal displacements. Here, we address displacement error by assessing the direct overlap between the observed and predicted clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to review the sustainability of Trunthung Music that shapes an ecosystem within the context of eco-culture. The study belongs to the nature of qualitative research with an interdisciplinary approach and several ecological concepts that reflect the culture of the peasant community over the slope of Merbabu Mountain in Magelang. The study itself is conducted in Warangan Hamlet and Gejayan Hamlet, the Regency of Magelang. The data are gathered through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with the informants related to the Trunthung Music. Then, the source triangulation technique is implemented through the test of trustworthiness by inspecting the data on the development of Trunthung Music toward the artists in Warangan Hamlet and the members of Lima Gunung Community. The data that have been attained from various sources are described, categorized, and eventually analyzed so that the ecosystem of Trunthung Music that has been on the progress can be identified. The results of the study show that Trunthung Music has been a performance that combines sonoric, kinesthetic, and visual dimensions, including their association with the natural condition and the peasant life over the Slope of Merbabu. The dialectics of Trunthung Music and the components of its ecosystem are in interaction with one another, resulting in the sustainability of the music until the present days. Then, the components of such ecosystem are the local agents who create the Trunthung Music and their interaction with the art community, be it with the Lima Gunung Community in the context of the Regency of Magelang and with the artists living outside the Regency of Magelang. In addition, the presence of Trunthung Music is associated with the traditional rites in the Warangan Hamlet, such as Nyadran Kali and Tapak Jaran Sembrani. All of these activities have good correlations among music, environment, and culture within the context of eco-culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether females should prefer to mate with old males is controversial. Old males may sire offspring of low quality because of an aging germline, but their proven ability to reach an old age can also be an excellent indicator of superior genetic quality, especially in natural populations. These genetic effects are, however, hard to study in nature, because they are often confounded with direct benefits offered by old males to the female, such as experience and high territory quality. We, therefore, used naturally occurring extra‐pair young to disentangle different aspects of male age on female fitness in a natural population of collared flycatchers because any difference between within‐ and extra‐pair young within a nest should be caused by paternal genetic effects only. Based on 18 years of long‐term data, we found that females paired with older males as social partners experienced an overall reproductive advantage. However, offspring sired by old males were of lower quality as compared to their extra‐pair half‐siblings, whereas the opposite was found in nests attended by young males. These results imply a negative genetic effect of old paternal age, given that extra‐pair males are competitive middle‐age males. Thus, offspring may benefit from being sired by young males but raised by old males, to maximize both genetic and direct effects. Our results show that direct and genetic benefits from pairing with old males may act in opposing directions and that the quality of the germline may deteriorate before other signs of senescence become obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a study of nature and paternal power, this paper sheds light on the neglected theme of the relation between language and justice in Plato's Cratylus. The dialogue inquires after the correctness of names, and it turns out that no lineage leads us back to a natural ground of names. Every lineage breaks; nature is always disrupted by the monstrous. It does not follow, however, that names are mere conventions without significance: on the contrary, naming is best understood as a prayer to and for the just. The Cratylus reveals the insufficiency of language not to lead us to despair but to call us to the humility and the hope in which we must pray for justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines two influential essays: The Study of Nature and the Vision of God, by the early twentieth century Canadian idealist, George John Blewett, and The Politics of Recognition by the contemporary Canadian social and political philosopher, Charles Taylor. In considering these very different essays, an effort is made to illuminate shared concerns, methods, and perspectives in an attempt to articulate and to support the idea of a distinctive Canadian tradition in philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to replicate Berto's (2005) heavily cited work on attention restoration. Background: Nature interventions have gained increased interest for improving performance of attentionally demanding tasks. Berto (2005) indicated that viewing digital nature images could improve performance on a subsequent response inhibition task, the sustained attention to response task (SART). However, experimental design and statistical concerns about her experiments as well as failure to support her findings across multiple unpublished studies in our laboratory provided rationale for this replication study. Method: Twenty participants were each assigned to one of three digital image conditions: nature, urban, and control. Participants performed the SART before and after digital image exposure. Results: SART performance metrics (total correct target responses, mean response time, and transformed d ′) were analyzed using 2 (SART) × 3 (image interventions) mixed design ANOVAs. The results failed to replicate Berto (2005). Conclusion: Possible reasons for not replicating Berto (2005) are discussed, including (1) sample differences, (2) different testing environments and procedures, (3) insufficient attentional depletion, and (4) individual differences. Applications: Research needs to determine the effectiveness of such interventions, the specific attention tasks that might benefit, and the individual difference variables relevant for attention restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time children spend in nature has severely decreased. While nature-based learning at school is considered an important strategy in addressing this, numerous knowledge gaps continue to remain. To address these, a systematic review was undertaken. Nine commonly used health and education databases were searched from inception to January 2019. To be included, study participants were required to be children aged 4 to 12 without health or developmental conditions with a focus on nature-based learning. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed, followed by a descriptive synthesis. Out of 4703 results, 20 quantitative studies were included. There was a lack of universal definition of nature-based learning. This resulted in heterogeneity in how interventions were delivered, and outcomes measured. Overall, nature-based learning had varying levels of positive impacts across a range of outcomes. Despite these positive findings, the evidence base is constrained by some methodological issues. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.1921117. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019 published report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem (IPBES) reveals that the decline in species and habitats induced by human activities is continuing. School students still have difficulties to understand the meaning of biodiversity and the consequences of its loss. The underlying assumption of this study is that learners do not only need a scientific understanding of biodiversity in order to perceive it as personally meaningful. Rather, they should also have the opportunity to relate this complex topic to their individual nature experiences. This study pursues the idea that the biography of a biodiversity researcher can be used as a model for school students. A total of 18 German secondary school students at an average age of 15 years took part in this qualitative study. Data sampling included six group discussions with three participants each. We used an inductive as well as a deductive approach (category system) to analyze the data. Our results show that our study participants' biographical nature experiences are appropriate to build bridges between biodiversity and themselves. Furthermore, we retraced meaningful understanding processes among the school students. These insights can inform biodiversity education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor learning provides an opportunity for schools to foster children's engagement with nature. This paper focusses on forest school practitioners' perceptions of children's development of a relationship with nature and the place where forest school occurs, through interviews with forest school activity leaders. Reflecting on literature, the analysis of interviews sought to identify the processes through which attachment to place or connection to nature occurs. The findings suggest that through regular and repeated activities in a natural setting at forest school, children become more relaxed, overcome any fears, have fun, connect with nature as they come to know it better, and develop an affinity for the location. Further, they develop a sense of ownership and concern for the forest school setting and desire to protect it. For some forest school practitioners, fostering a relationship with nature and place, and developing pro-environmental behaviour, is a fundamental part of their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited empirical research on the role played by residents' feelings toward tourists in influencing residents' emotional well-being and attitude about tourism. The major objective of this study is to propose a theoretical model integrating emotional solidarity, emotional well-being, and residents' attitude. In order to test the proposed model, a survey of residents in China was undertaken. Structural relational and mediation analyses were applied to assess the relationships involving residents' emotional solidarity with tourists, emotional well-being, and residents' attitude. The construct of emotional solidarity had three dimensions in the study: welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding, and emotional closeness. Results indicate that welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding, and emotional closeness directly influence residents' attitude and emotional well-being. Additionally, the relationships involving residents' welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding and emotional closeness with tourists, and attitude were mediated by emotional well-being. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research opportunities are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Two of Lesotho's protected areas, namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park, form the core area of the country's first proposed Biosphere Reserve. Biodiversity is a key aspect needed to justify nomination of a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme. Previously documented biodiversity of the two protected areas is limited in terms of coverage and scope as well as being outdated. The aim of the current study was to conduct a rapid assessment of the biodiversity, including endemism, of the proposed Biosphere Reserve to inform the formal nomination process. Methods: A field survey was undertaken over 112 033 ha in the core, buffer and transition zones of the proposed Biosphere Reserve during which species of both flora and fauna were documented. Purposeful recordings were made during different seasons to incorporate various flowering seasons of the plants, as well as faunal species that may hibernate or migrate seasonally. Results: A total of 380 plant species was recorded, 30 of which are legally protected in the country, 60 endemic to the Drakensberg Mountain Centre, and two species (Aloe polyphylla and Glumicalyx lesuticus) are endemic to Lesotho. The former is the national flower of Lesotho and is under threat due to illegal trade. Sixteen mammal species were recorded, seven of which are legally protected in the country, as well as 53 bird species (including the IUCN Red Listed vulture species, Gyps coprotheres and Gypaetus barbatus). Two fish species were also recorded including Pseudobarbus quathlambae, which is Lesotho's only known endemic vertebrate species, as well as seven reptile and three amphibian species (two of which are near endemic namely Amietia delalandii and A. vertebralis). Conclusion: This survey has provided valuable baseline information on the biodiversity (particularly regarding the flora and avifauna) of the proposed Biosphere Reserve, which includes two protected areas namely Bokong Nature Reserve and Tšehlanyane National Park. The findings reflect the biodiversity value of the area and will contribute towards its nomination as Lesotho's first Biosphere Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research is the application of GIS in geoecological evaluation of terrain -- case study Nature Park Hutovo blato. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is strongly relevant methodological procedure, which can be used for acquiring results about real value of particular areas. Method of terrain evaluation is also used, through five categories: hypsometric characteristics, angle of slopes, vertical dissection, terrain mobility and vegetation cover. The aim of the research is to clarify how valuable and useful certain segments of the terrain are for the purpose of spatial planning -- for the tourism valorization, construction of various objects etc. Paper consists of several parts. First part defines the exact area of exploration. In the second part geomorphological characteristics of the researched area were analyzed. Geoecological evaluation of terrain, performed in third part was based on previous geomorphological analysis as well as bonity categories. Methods used in this paper are: analysis, synthesis, statistical method and cartographic method. Complete analysis was conducted using GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of new chemical reactions that are convenient, sustainable, and innovative is a preeminent concern for modern synthetic chemistry. While the use of earth abundant element catalysts remains underdeveloped by chemists, nature has developed a cornucopia of powerful transformation using only base metals, demonstrating their viability for sustainable method development. Here we show how study of nature's approach to disparate chemical problems, from alkene desaturation to photodetection in bacteria, can inspire and enable new approaches to difficult synthetic chemistry problems past, present, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on an undergraduate upper-level history course titled "Food Will Win the War: Food Policy during World War II" at Virginia Commonwealth University. The author discusses how the course presented victory gardening, enhanced student research, and impacted students relationship with nature.

The main objective of the study was to understand in a systemic way how territorial configuration and climate issues shape land use and occupation and influence several factors associated with health. This research is a case study of an exploratory nature, where field campaigns with in situ observation were essential for understanding the composition of the territorial dynamics of the Peruaçu river basin, located in the North of Minas Gerais. The bibliographical research directed the central axes of the research, in addition to the collaboration arising from the documentary analysis of secondary data from the Civil Defense and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). For the production of maps, ArcGis 10.5 software and the Geographical Information System (GIS) were used. Tables, maps and graphs were made for a better understanding of the data through the systematization of information. It was found that the territory of the Peruaçu River has different physical characteristics and types of territorial occupation, but all compartments are marked by environmental injustice, socioenvironmental conflicts, inequality, social vulnerability, climatic impacts and liabilities arising from activities with a great environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]